CN112243825A - Method for controlling harm of sophora flavescens in desertification soil land - Google Patents
Method for controlling harm of sophora flavescens in desertification soil land Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling harm of sophora flavescens in desertification soil land, which comprises the following steps: seedling, sealing and weeding after planting, and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests: the withered stems are cut off in time in autumn, diseased leaves are thoroughly cleaned, burnt or deeply buried, the source of overwintering bacteria is reduced, and pesticides are sprayed on the leaves for preventing and treating main diseases of the sophora flavescens, such as leaf spot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, root rot, blight and the like; clearing the garden in winter to eliminate overwintering larvae, trapping pests in a pesticide field and the periphery by using a black light lamp, and trapping and killing main pests of the lightyellow sophora root such as budworms, borers, agraphalocrocis medinalis guenee and the like by combining symptomatic pesticide; the seed coats are rubbed and the seeding depth is controlled to promote seedling emergence, and the herbicide and the post-emergence herbicide are sealed after planting and are combined with intertillage weeding to control weeds. The method for controlling the damage of the sophora flavescens in the desertification soil land provided by the invention sets a whole set of comprehensive control measures from seedling treatment to the whole growth period, so that the control work of the disease, insect and weed in the sophora flavescens planting is carried out before the seedlings, the yield and the quality of the sophora flavescens can be effectively improved, and the use amount and the residue of pesticide are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting, and particularly relates to a method for controlling harm of sophora flavescens in desertification soil lands.
Background
Sophora flavescens (school name: Sophora flavescens) is the dry root of Sophora flavescens ait of Leguminosae, and is recorded in Shen nong Ben Cao Jing (Shen nong's herbal), bitter and cold, heart, liver, stomach, large intestine and bladder meridians. The main effective component of radix Sophorae Flavescentis is quinolizidine alkaloid represented by oxymatrine and matrine. The radix Sophorae Flavescentis total alkaloids have repercussive, diuretic, anti-tumor, and anti-pathogen effects, and also have arrhythmia regulating and immunity regulating effects, and can be used for treating arrhythmia, heart failure, viral myocarditis, coronary heart disease, etc. Kuh-seng is also one of the common Mongolian herbs, which are mainly used to transform heat, regulate primordial qi, dry "yellow water" and exterior rash for treating early stage pestilence, wind-heat, measles, rheumatic arthritis, etc. In recent years, the compound is also used for treating SARS and tumors, and is developed and used as a natural green animal and plant pesticide, so that the application of the compound is more and more extensive.
In recent years, enterprises develop various new medicines taking radix sophorae flavescentis and alkaloids thereof as raw materials. With the continuous research and development of the application of sophora flavescens, the market development and the industrial production development, sophora flavescens is changed from traditional medicinal plants into industrial plants, and the market demand of sophora flavescens medicinal materials is getting larger and larger.
The medicine source is provided by excavating wild resources for a long time, and the wild resources are gradually exhausted due to excessive excavation, so that the medicine source for rapidly developing industrial production is difficult to maintain. Therefore, domestication and cultivation of sophora flavescens is a main way to solve the contradiction between supply and demand, and is also the most effective measure for protecting the ecological environment. In order to improve the economic benefit and sand fixation function of sophora flavescens as a medicinal material in desertification land, it is important to explore a method for effectively controlling diseases, pests and weeds in the cultivation process of sophora flavescens.
The main goal of sophora flavescens artificial cultivation is to increase the yield of sophora flavescens roots and the content of matrine. In the process of large-area planting of medicinal plants, except for the reduction of the yield and the quality of the Chinese medicinal materials caused by the extensive cultivation technical level, seed source mixing and degeneration, the diseases, insect pests and weeds of the Chinese medicinal materials are gradually serious and difficult to control, and the sophora flavescens is no exception. The prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds in the planting process are important guarantee for ensuring the yield and the quality of the radix sophorae flavescentis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for controlling the damage of sophora flavescens in desertification soil lands, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for controlling damage of sophora flavescens in desertification soil land, which comprises the following steps:
seedling: before planting the radix sophorae flavescentis, spreading a layer of plant ash above a planting area, and then sowing the radix sophorae flavescentis rubbed with seed coats, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5 cm;
sealing herbicide after planting: after the sophora flavescens is sown, 80-120 ml/mu of pendimethalin is added with 15-25 kg of water and sprayed to the ground surface of a planting area; post-emergence herbicide: after the sophora flavescens seedlings emerge, scattering a layer of plant ash on the ground surface of the planting area, and spraying water of 3-5 kg mixed with 15-25 ml/mu of quizalofop-p-ethyl to the ground surface of the planting area after the sophora flavescens sprouts to grow 3 leaves;
and (3) pest control: timely cutting off dead stems in autumn, thoroughly cleaning diseased leaves, burning or deeply burying, reducing an overwintering bacteria source, and spraying pesticides on the leaves to control main sophora flavescens diseases, wherein the main diseases comprise leaf spot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, root rot and blight, clearing the garden in winter to eliminate overwintering larvae, trapping drug fields and peripheral pests by black light lamps, and trapping and killing main sophora flavescens pests by combining the pesticides, wherein the main pests comprise cardiotropha, borer and agraphyllus medinalis;
intertillage weeding: before the kuh-seng is sealed, loosening soil and weeding are carried out, and hilling is paid attention to prevent the reed heads from being exposed out of the ground.
Further, the method for controlling the damage of the sophora flavescens in the desertification soil land comprises the following steps: for leaf spot, spraying Bordeaux mixture to the diseased plant at the early stage of disease attack, wherein the Bordeaux mixture comprises water and copper sulfate in a mass ratio of 160-200: 1, and the spraying is performed once every 10-15 days, or the spraying is performed once every 7-10 days for 3-4 times continuously, wherein the volume content of the solution is 500-600 times that of the mancozeb with 80% of the mancozeb.
Further, the method for controlling the damage of the sophora flavescens in the desertification soil land comprises the following steps: for powdery mildew, 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl suspension with the volume content of 50% or 1500 times of liquid of 25% triadimefon is sprayed for preventing and treating powdery mildew at the early stage of disease attack.
Further, the method for controlling the damage of the sophora flavescens in the desertification soil land comprises the following steps: for downy mildew, spraying Bordeaux mixture to a disease plant at the early stage of the disease attack, wherein the Bordeaux mixture comprises copper sulfate, quicklime and water or a 65% by volume mancozeb 500-fold solution in a mass ratio of 1: 120, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times every 10-15 days for 1 time.
Further, the method for controlling the damage of the sophora flavescens in the desertification soil land comprises the following steps: for root rot, 600 times of thiophanate methyl suspension with the volume content of 70%, 600 times of carbendazim with the volume content of 80% or 5% lime is selected for alternate root irrigation at the initial stage of disease attack.
Further, the method for controlling the damage of the sophora flavescens in the desertification soil land comprises the following steps: for blight, an infected plant is pulled out during the initial disease, and is sprayed or dusted with 500 times of carbendazim liquid with the volume content of 50% or 800 times of amobam emulsion with the volume content of 50% to prevent and treat the blight.
Further, the method for controlling the pest of sophora flavescens in sandy soil landfills comprises the following steps: clearing the garden in winter to eliminate overwintering larvae; the sugar-vinegar liquid is used for trapping and killing adults, and 2-3 bottles of sugar-vinegar liquid are hung per mu from the bud, wherein the sugar-vinegar liquid comprises brown sugar, vinegar and water in a mass ratio of 1: 4: 16.
Further, the method for controlling the pests of sophora flavescens in sandy soil landfills comprises the following steps: the damaged branches can be cut off by biting cotton with the dichlorvos stock solution to block the toxic hazard of wormholes.
Further, the method for controlling the damage of sophora flavescens in the sandy soil land comprises the following steps: in the green-turning period of the lightyellow sophora root, a sprayer nozzle is unscrewed, 60 ml/mu of chlorpyrifos missible oil with the volume content of 48 percent or 70 ml/mu of phoxim with the volume content of 40 percent is added with water to spray the plant rhizosphere.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for controlling the damage of the sophora flavescens in the desertification soil land establishes a whole set of comprehensive control measures from seedling treatment to the whole growth period, so that the control work of the disease, insect and weed in the sophora flavescens planting is carried out before the seedlings, the yield and the quality of the sophora flavescens can be effectively improved, and the use amount and the residue of pesticide are reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description. Detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which can be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed embodiment.
In view of the fact that in the large-area planting process of the lightyellow sophora root in the prior art, except that the yield and the quality of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are reduced due to the fact that the cultivation technology level is extensive, the sources are mixed and degraded, the pest and weed damage of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is gradually serious day by day and is difficult to control, the inventor of the present invention has made long-term research and a great deal of practice, the technical scheme of the invention is mainly characterized in that dead stems are cut off in time in autumn, diseased leaves are thoroughly cleaned, burnt or deeply buried, the overwintering source is reduced, the method of spraying special pesticide with special effect on disease to prevent and treat the main diseases of the lightyellow sophora root, such as leaf spot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, root rot and blight, overwintering larvae are eliminated by clearing the garden in winter, pests in a black light trap a pesticide field and peripheral pests, the main pests of the lightyellow sophora root, such as cardiotropha, borer and agraphalocrocis, and seedlings are simultaneously, the sophora flavescens seedlings after unearthed grow quickly and inhibit the growth of weeds, and the field weeding is more convenient and efficient; the herbicide for pre-emergence sealing and post-emergence weeding is used in a combined manner at different periods; meanwhile, the field weeds of the sophora flavescens are controlled by combining an intertillage weeding method. The technical solution, its implementation and principles will be further explained as follows.
One aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for controlling damage of sophora flavescens ait in sandy soil, which includes:
seedling: before planting the radix sophorae flavescentis, spreading a layer of plant ash above a planting area, and then sowing the radix sophorae flavescentis rubbed with seed coats, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5 cm;
sealing herbicide after planting: after the sophora flavescens is sown, 80-120 ml/mu of pendimethalin is added with 15-25 kg of water and sprayed to the ground surface of a planting area; post-emergence herbicide: after the sophora flavescens seedlings emerge, scattering a layer of plant ash on the ground surface of the planting area, and spraying water of 3-5 kg mixed with 15-25 ml/mu of quizalofop-p-ethyl to the ground surface of the planting area after the sophora flavescens sprouts to grow 3 leaves;
and (3) pest control: timely cutting off dead stems in autumn, thoroughly cleaning diseased leaves, burning or deeply burying, reducing an overwintering bacteria source, and spraying pesticides on the leaves to control main sophora flavescens diseases, wherein the main diseases comprise leaf spot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, root rot and blight, clearing the garden in winter to eliminate overwintering larvae, trapping drug fields and peripheral pests by black light lamps, and trapping and killing main sophora flavescens pests by combining the pesticides, wherein the main pests comprise cardiotropha, borer and agraphyllus medinalis;
intertillage weeding: before the kuh-seng is sealed, loosening soil and weeding are carried out, and hilling is paid attention to prevent the reed heads from being exposed out of the ground.
In the embodiment of the invention, the seedling is accelerated before the seedling, and only if the sophora flavescens ait seeds emerge early and emerge regularly, the sophora flavescens ait seedlings can grow quickly after emergence of the soil and inhibit the growth of weeds, and the field weeding can be more convenient and efficient. The quick seedling emergence of the radix sophorae flavescentis can be promoted by rubbing the seed coats before sowing and adopting proper sowing depth.
Rubbing the seed coats: the sophora flavescens seeds are hard, and can be ground into a little of outer skin before planting, so that the sophora flavescens seeds can absorb water to germinate, and can be planted after being treated. Before sowing, the seeds need to be treated to promote the water absorption and germination of the seeds. The seed coats are lightly rubbed by adopting a coarse sand or a grinding machine, and the seeds can also be pressed by bricks on cement ground to rub for 3-5 times.
And (3) sowing depth: controlling the sowing depth to be 1.5-2.5cm, being beneficial to seed germination and seedling emergence of the sophora flavescens and accelerating the seedling emergence rate.
Wherein, the leaf spot belongs to fungal diseases, mainly harms leaves, stems and petioles can be damaged, round brown patches can be seen on the leaves in the initial stage, and the edges are not obvious; in severe cases, the leaves are twisted, withered and blackened, and the diseased leaves fall off in advance. The disease has the characteristics that: hypha or a conidiophore overwintering on diseased leaves and diseased plants, conidiophore is formed in the next spring and is spread and infected along with wind and rain, and the disease peak period is generally 5-9 months.
Control of leaf spot: firstly, dead stems are cut off in time in autumn, diseased leaves are thoroughly cleaned, burnt or deeply buried, and the overwintering bacteria source is reduced. Secondly, after the diseased plant is found at the early stage of disease occurrence, the diseased leaves should be removed immediately to prevent the disease from spreading. And spraying Bordeaux mixture to the diseased plant, wherein the Bordeaux mixture comprises water and copper sulfate in a mass ratio of 160-200: 1, and is sprayed once every 10-15 days, or the solution with the volume content of 80% of mancozeb of 500-600 times is sprayed once every 7-10 days and is continuously sprayed for 3-4 times.
Powdery mildew, which belongs to fungal diseases, mainly harms leaves. At the initial stage of disease occurrence, the disease is nearly circular scab, white sparse powder exists on the surface, scattered scabs are continuously enlarged, and the whole leaf is covered by the white powder. In the later period of the disease, the color of the mildew layer gradually changes to gray to grey brown, and small black spots, namely spores of pathogenic bacteria, appear in the mildew layer. In severe cases, the whole leaf curls and eventually turns yellow and dies. The disease can also infect young shoots, causing young leaves to curl, not to unfold, to grow slowly and finally causing young shoots to die. The disease has the characteristics that: the pathogenic bacteria live through the overwintering of the diseased leaves by the closed capsule shells or the mycelia, ascospores are released in the next spring when the temperature and the humidity are proper, and the mycelia can directly produce conidium propagation and spread after the overwintering and cause infection through wind and rain propagation. After the disease occurs, a large amount of spores are generated on diseased leaves and are spread by airflow to cause repeated re-infection.
Control of powdery mildew: firstly, the disease plant residue is removed in time and burnt or buried deeply, thus reducing the pathogeny. Secondly, a layer of plant ash is scattered before sowing and after seedling emergence. And thirdly, at the initial stage of the disease, 1000 times of liquid of 50% by volume of thiophanate methyl colloidal suspension or 1500 times of liquid of 25% by volume of triadimefon is sprayed for prevention and treatment.
Downy mildew, a fungal disease, mainly harms leaves and tender stems. The early stage of the disease is chlorosis scab, the margin of the scab is not obvious, and the later stage scab is enlarged to form irregular scab. Generally, the back of the leaf is provided with a frost-like mildew layer which is dense or sparse, the mildew layer is white at first, changes to gray black at later stage, and finally the leaf turns yellow and withers. The disease has the characteristics that: the germs live through the winter in the soil along with disease residues in the form of oospores, and are sputtered onto the leaves through rainwater in the next year to cause primary infection and secondary infection. Generally, the lower leaves are more susceptible to disease. The disease is spread and spread rapidly in low-temperature rainy weather after autumn.
Control for downy mildew: firstly, the sick and residual bodies and old leaves are removed in time and are intensively buried or burnt, so that the overwintering bacteria source is eliminated. Secondly, spraying Bordeaux mixture at the initial stage of the disease, wherein the Bordeaux mixture comprises copper sulfate, quicklime and water or 500 times of mancozeb with the volume content of 65% in a mass ratio of 1: 120, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times every 10-15 days for 1 time.
Root rot, bacterial or fungal diseases, mainly endanger the roots. The lateral root infection of individual root at the early stage of the disease gradually spreads to the main root at the later stage, and finally the whole root is rotten. After the plants are infected, the early plants do not show symptoms, then the function of absorbing water and nutrients is gradually weakened along with the aggravation of the rotting degree of roots, leaves on the overground part become yellow, severe blackening and withering, and finally the plants gradually die. The disease has the characteristics that: pathogens are overwintering on the disease residues in the soil, and the pathogens begin to attack 3 months to 4 months in the 2 nd year, and most of the pathogens invade from the root wounds. The disease is also easy to occur under the conditions of poor fertilizer root burning and ventilation, heavy soil and poor drainage.
For the control of root rot: the method can be used for preventing and treating soil insects and mite insects in time. And at the initial stage of disease incidence, 600 times of solution of thiophanate methyl colloidal suspension with the volume content of 70 percent, 600 times of solution of carbendazim with the volume content of 80 percent or lime with the volume content of 5 percent are selected for alternate root irrigation.
Blight, fungal diseases, mainly damaging leaves. The leaves of the plants are faded and green at the early stage of disease infection, and then gradually yellow, withered and drooped to be withered. Meanwhile, the root turns grey brown, and the vascular bundle turns brown when the diseased stem is cut open. When the humidity is high, pink mildew, namely pathogenic bacteria conidiophores and molecular spores, can be seen in the diseased part. The disease has the characteristics that: the pathogenic bacteria are soil inhabitation bacteria, and the mycelia and chlamydospores overwinter in soil and propagate through rainwater or farming activities in the next year. When the temperature is 16-20 ℃, the humidity is more than 70%, which is beneficial to the invasion and expansion of pathogenic bacteria.
For the control of blight: when the disease is initially developed, the infected plant is pulled out, and is prevented and treated by spraying or scattering lime powder with 500 times of liquid of 50 percent of carbendazim by volume content or 800 times of liquid of 50 percent of amobam emulsion by volume content.
Wherein, the black light lamp traps insects, the 40W black light trap lamp traps insects in the drug field and the surrounding insects, and can trap and kill cotton bollworm, cutworm, diamond-back moth, corn borer, bridging insect, prodenia litura, beet armyworm, cabbage armyworm, sweet potato hawkmoth, squilla, scarab seed, pod borer, fruit piercing moth, peach borer and other pests in the drug field in the sandy land.
The budworm mainly eats the sophora flavescens seeds and the larvae overwinter in the surface soil. The control method comprises the following steps: clearing the garden in winter to eliminate overwintering larvae; the sugar-vinegar liquid is used for trapping and killing adults, and 2-3 bottles of sugar-vinegar liquid are hung per mu from a bud, wherein the sugar-vinegar liquid comprises 5 parts of brown sugar, 20 parts of vinegar and 80 parts of water in a mass ratio of 1: 4: 16, and a proper amount of dichlorvos is added to improve the induction effect, and the wine can be prevented from being fermented due to the addition of natural heat.
The borer is wore by a borer from a position 3-7cm near the ground of an underground stem, the borer firstly wore upwards for about 1.8cm and then wore downwards along the medulla part of the lightyellow sophora root, and the larva in late autumn and early winter is in the depth of 4-6cm below the ground of the stem drill, so that the mature larva overwinter in the underground stem or the reed head, and when serious, the leaf withered and yellow, even the whole plant is dead. The control method comprises the following steps: the damaged branches can be cut off by biting cotton with the dichlorvos stock solution to block the toxic hazard of wormholes.
The method for preventing and controlling the wild grass borers comprises the following steps: in the stage of reversion of the radix sophorae flavescentis, a sprayer nozzle is unscrewed, 60 ml/mu of chlorpyrifos missible oil with the volume content of 48% or 70 ml/mu of phoxim with the volume content of 40% is sprayed on the roots of the plants. The amount of the liquid medicine is large when the pesticide is sprayed, so that the liquid medicine is ensured to permeate into the place where the pests around the roots of the sophora flavescens hide.
The method for controlling the damage of the sophora flavescens in the desertification soil land provided by the embodiment of the invention sets a whole set of comprehensive control measures from seedling treatment to the whole growth period, so that the control work of the disease, insect and weed in the sophora flavescens planting is carried out before the seedlings, the yield and the quality of the sophora flavescens can be effectively improved, and the use amount and the residue of pesticides are reduced.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific examples. However, the examples are chosen only for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for controlling damage of sophora flavescens in desertification soil land comprises:
seedling: before planting the radix sophorae flavescentis, scattering a layer of plant ash above a planting area, and then sowing the radix sophorae flavescentis rubbed with seed coats, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5 cm; wherein, the seed coat of Sophora flavescens ait is lightly rubbed with coarse sand.
Sealing herbicide after planting: after the sophora flavescens is sown, 80-120 ml/mu of pendimethalin is added with 15-25 kg of water and sprayed to the ground surface of a planting area; post-emergence herbicide: after the sophora flavescens seedlings emerge, a layer of plant ash is scattered on the ground surface of the planting area, and after 3 leaves of the sophora flavescens germinate, 15-25 ml/mu of quizalofop-p-ethyl is mixed with 3-5 kg of water and sprayed on the ground surface of the planting area.
And (3) pest control: timely cutting off dead stems in autumn, thoroughly cleaning diseased leaves, burning or deeply burying, reducing the source of overwintering bacteria and preventing and controlling main diseases of the lightyellow sophora root by spraying pesticides in a symptomatic manner, wherein the main diseases comprise leaf spot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, root rot and blight, clearing the garden in winter to eliminate overwintering larvae, trapping drug fields and peripheral pests by black light lamps, and trapping and killing main pests of the lightyellow sophora root by combining the symptomatic pesticides, wherein the main pests comprise cardiotropha, borers and agraphalocrocis medinalis.
Wherein, the control of the leaf spot disease is as follows: firstly, dead stems are cut off in time in autumn, diseased leaves are thoroughly cleaned, burnt or deeply buried, and the overwintering bacteria source is reduced. Secondly, after the diseased plant is found at the early stage of disease occurrence, the diseased leaves should be removed immediately to prevent the disease from spreading. And spraying Bordeaux mixture to the diseased plant, wherein the Bordeaux mixture comprises water and copper sulfate in a mass ratio of 160-200: 1, and the spraying is performed once every 10-15 days.
Control of powdery mildew: firstly, the disease plant residue is removed in time and burnt or buried deeply, thus reducing the pathogeny. Secondly, a layer of plant ash is scattered before sowing and after seedling emergence. And thirdly, at the initial stage of the disease, 1000 times of liquid of the thiophanate methyl suspension with the volume content of 50 percent is sprayed for preventing and treating.
Control for downy mildew: firstly, the sick and residual bodies and old leaves are removed in time and are intensively buried or burnt, so that the overwintering bacteria source is eliminated. Secondly, spraying Bordeaux mixture at the initial stage of the disease, wherein the Bordeaux mixture comprises copper sulfate, quicklime and water in a mass ratio of 1: 120, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times every 10-15 days for 1 time.
For the control of root rot: the method can be used for preventing and treating soil insects and mite insects in time. And at the initial stage of disease incidence, 600 times of solution of thiophanate methyl colloidal suspension with the volume content of 70 percent and 600 times of solution of carbendazim with the volume content of 80 percent are selected for alternate root irrigation.
For the control of blight: when the disease is initially developed, the infected plant is pulled out, and 500 times of the liquid containing 50% of carbendazim by volume is sprayed.
The control method for the budworm comprises the following steps: clearing the garden in winter to eliminate overwintering larvae; the sugar-vinegar liquid is used for trapping and killing adults, 2 bottles of the sugar-vinegar liquid are hung per mu from the bud, the preparation ratio of the sugar-vinegar liquid is 5 parts of brown sugar, 20 parts of vinegar and 80 parts of water, a proper amount of dichlorvos is added to improve the induction effect, and the wine is added in the natural heat to prevent the fermentation.
The control method for the borer comprises the following steps: the damaged branches can be cut off by biting cotton with the dichlorvos stock solution to block the toxic hazard of wormholes.
The method for preventing and controlling the agraphyllo suppressalis comprises the following steps: in the green-turning period of the lightyellow sophora root, a sprayer nozzle is unscrewed, 60 ml/mu of chlorpyrifos missible oil with the volume content of 48% is used, and water is sprayed on the roots of the plants. The amount of the liquid medicine is large when the pesticide is sprayed, so that the liquid medicine is ensured to permeate into the place where the pests around the roots of the sophora flavescens hide.
Intertillage weeding: before the kuh-seng is sealed, loosening soil and weeding are carried out, and hilling is paid attention to prevent the reed heads from being exposed out of the ground. The loose soil is shallow to prevent the ginseng roots from being damaged, and the loose soil is not loosened after the ginseng roots are sealed.
Example 2
In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for controlling damage of sophora flavescens in desertification soil land comprises:
seedling: before planting the radix sophorae flavescentis, scattering a layer of plant ash above a planting area, and then sowing the radix sophorae flavescentis rubbed with seed coats, wherein the sowing depth is 2.5 cm; wherein the seed coat of Sophorae radix is lightly rubbed with a powder grinder.
Sealing herbicide after planting: after the sophora flavescens is sown, 80-120 ml/mu of pendimethalin is added with 15-25 kg of water and sprayed to the ground surface of a planting area; post-emergence herbicide: after the sophora flavescens seedlings emerge, a layer of plant ash is scattered on the ground surface of the planting area, and after 3 leaves of the sophora flavescens germinate, 15-25 ml/mu of quizalofop-p-ethyl is mixed with 3-5 kg of water and sprayed on the ground surface of the planting area.
And (3) pest control: timely cutting off dead stems in autumn, thoroughly cleaning diseased leaves, burning or deeply burying, reducing the source of overwintering bacteria and preventing and controlling main diseases of the lightyellow sophora root by spraying pesticides in a symptomatic manner, wherein the main diseases comprise leaf spot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, root rot and blight, clearing the garden in winter to eliminate overwintering larvae, trapping drug fields and peripheral pests by black light lamps, and trapping and killing main pests of the lightyellow sophora root by combining the symptomatic pesticides, wherein the main pests comprise cardiotropha, borers and agraphalocrocis medinalis.
Wherein, the control of the leaf spot disease is as follows: firstly, dead stems are cut off in time in autumn, diseased leaves are thoroughly cleaned, burnt or deeply buried, and the overwintering bacteria source is reduced. Secondly, after the diseased plant is found at the early stage of disease occurrence, the diseased leaves should be removed immediately to prevent the disease from spreading. Meanwhile, spraying 500-600 times of 80% mancozeb solution to the diseased plant, wherein the spraying is carried out once every 7-10 days and is continuously carried out for 3-4 times.
Control of powdery mildew: firstly, the disease plant residue is removed in time and burnt or buried deeply, thus reducing the pathogeny. Secondly, a layer of plant ash is scattered before sowing and after seedling emergence. And thirdly, at the initial stage of the disease, 1500 times of liquid containing 25 percent of triadimefon in volume is sprayed for preventing and treating.
Control for downy mildew: firstly, the sick and residual bodies and old leaves are removed in time and are intensively buried or burnt, so that the overwintering bacteria source is eliminated. And secondly, spraying 500 times of solution of 65% mancozeb in volume content at the initial stage of disease attack, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times every 10-15 days for 1 time.
For the control of root rot: the method can be used for preventing and treating soil insects and mite insects in time. And at the initial stage of disease incidence, 600 times of solution of thiophanate methyl suspension with the volume content of 70% and lime with the volume content of 5% are alternately poured into roots.
For the control of blight: when the disease is initially developed, the infected plant is pulled out, and 800 times of solution of 50% by volume of amobam emulsion is sprayed.
The control method for the budworm comprises the following steps: clearing the garden in winter to eliminate overwintering larvae; the sugar-vinegar liquid is used for trapping and killing adults, 2-3 bottles of the sugar-vinegar liquid are hung per mu from the bud, the preparation ratio of the sugar-vinegar liquid is 5 parts of brown sugar, 20 parts of vinegar, 80 parts of water, a proper amount of dichlorvos is added to improve the induction effect, and the wine is added in the hot day to prevent fermentation.
The control method for the borer comprises the following steps: the damaged branches can be cut off by biting cotton with the dichlorvos stock solution to block the toxic hazard of wormholes.
The method for preventing and controlling the agraphyllo suppressalis comprises the following steps: in the green-turning period of the lightyellow sophora root, a sprayer nozzle is unscrewed, and 70 ml/mu of phoxim with the volume content of 40% is sprayed on the roots of the plants. The amount of the liquid medicine is large when the pesticide is sprayed, so that the liquid medicine is ensured to permeate into the place where the pests around the roots of the sophora flavescens hide.
Intertillage weeding: before the kuh-seng is sealed, loosening soil and weeding are carried out, and hilling is paid attention to prevent the reed heads from being exposed out of the ground. The loose soil is shallow to prevent the ginseng roots from being damaged, and the loose soil is not loosened after the ginseng roots are sealed.
Example 3
In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for controlling damage of sophora flavescens in desertification soil land comprises:
seedling: before planting the radix sophorae flavescentis, scattering a layer of plant ash above a planting area, and then sowing the radix sophorae flavescentis rubbed with seed coats, wherein the sowing depth is 2 cm; wherein, the seed coat of Sophorae radix is rubbed back and forth 3-5 times on cement ground by pressing with brick.
Sealing herbicide after planting: after the sophora flavescens is sown, 80-120 ml/mu of pendimethalin is added with 15-25 kg of water and sprayed to the ground surface of a planting area; post-emergence herbicide: after the sophora flavescens seedlings emerge, a layer of plant ash is scattered on the ground surface of the planting area, and after 3 leaves of the sophora flavescens germinate, 15-25 ml/mu of quizalofop-p-ethyl is mixed with 3-5 kg of water and sprayed on the ground surface of the planting area.
And (3) pest control: timely cutting off dead stems in autumn, thoroughly cleaning diseased leaves, burning or deeply burying, reducing the source of overwintering bacteria and preventing and controlling main diseases of the lightyellow sophora root by spraying pesticides in a symptomatic manner, wherein the main diseases comprise leaf spot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, root rot and blight, clearing the garden in winter to eliminate overwintering larvae, trapping drug fields and peripheral pests by black light lamps, and trapping and killing main pests of the lightyellow sophora root by combining the symptomatic pesticides, wherein the main pests comprise cardiotropha, borers and agraphalocrocis medinalis.
Wherein, the control of the leaf spot disease is as follows: firstly, dead stems are cut off in time in autumn, diseased leaves are thoroughly cleaned, burnt or deeply buried, and the overwintering bacteria source is reduced. Secondly, after the diseased plant is found at the early stage of disease occurrence, the diseased leaves should be removed immediately to prevent the disease from spreading. And spraying Bordeaux mixture to the diseased plant, wherein the Bordeaux mixture comprises water and copper sulfate in a mass ratio of 160-200: 1, and the spraying is performed once every 10-15 days.
Control of powdery mildew: firstly, the disease plant residue is removed in time and burnt or buried deeply, thus reducing the pathogeny. Secondly, a layer of plant ash is scattered before sowing and after seedling emergence. And thirdly, at the initial stage of the disease, 1500 times of liquid containing 25 percent of triadimefon in volume is sprayed for preventing and treating.
Control for downy mildew: firstly, the sick and residual bodies and old leaves are removed in time and are intensively buried or burnt, so that the overwintering bacteria source is eliminated. And secondly, spraying 500 times of solution of 65% mancozeb in volume content at the initial stage of disease attack, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times every 10-15 days for 1 time.
For the control of root rot: the method can be used for preventing and treating soil insects and mite insects in time. And at the initial stage of disease incidence, 600 times of solution of thiophanate methyl suspension with the volume content of 70% and lime with the volume content of 5% are alternately poured into roots.
For the control of blight: when the disease is initially developed, the infected plant is pulled out and is prevented and treated by spreading lime powder.
The control method for the budworm comprises the following steps: clearing the garden in winter to eliminate overwintering larvae; the sugar-vinegar liquid is used for trapping and killing adults, 2-3 bottles of the sugar-vinegar liquid are hung per mu from the bud, the preparation ratio of the sugar-vinegar liquid is 5 parts of brown sugar, 20 parts of vinegar, 80 parts of water, a proper amount of dichlorvos is added to improve the induction effect, and the wine is added in the hot day to prevent fermentation.
The control method for the borer comprises the following steps: the damaged branches can be cut off by biting cotton with the dichlorvos stock solution to block the toxic hazard of wormholes.
The method for preventing and controlling the agraphyllo suppressalis comprises the following steps: in the green-turning period of the lightyellow sophora root, a sprayer nozzle is unscrewed, and 70 ml/mu of phoxim with the volume content of 40% is sprayed on the roots of the plants. The amount of the liquid medicine is large when the pesticide is sprayed, so that the liquid medicine is ensured to permeate into the place where the pests around the roots of the sophora flavescens hide.
Intertillage weeding: before the kuh-seng is sealed, loosening soil and weeding are carried out, and hilling is paid attention to prevent the reed heads from being exposed out of the ground. The loose soil is shallow to prevent the ginseng roots from being damaged, and the loose soil is not loosened after the ginseng roots are sealed.
The embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention were implemented in the mild sand region of korqin sand. The implementation result shows that: compared with the conventional method for controlling the damage of the sophora flavescens in the desertification land, the method has the advantages that the control effect of the disease, insect and weed of the sophora flavescens is similar, the application amount of chemical pesticides is reduced by 20-30%, the control effect of the disease, insect and weed of the sophora flavescens reaches 85-98%, and the yield of dried sophora flavescens reaches 800 kilograms per mu.
The aspects, embodiments, features and examples of the present invention should be considered as illustrative in all respects and not intended to be limiting of the invention, the scope of which is defined only by the claims. Other embodiments, modifications, and uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention.
The use of headings and chapters in this disclosure is not meant to limit the disclosure; each section may apply to any aspect, embodiment, or feature of the disclosure.
Throughout this specification, where a composition is described as having, containing, or comprising specific components or where a process is described as having, containing, or comprising specific process steps, it is contemplated that the composition of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and the process of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited process steps.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, use of the terms "comprising", "including", "having" or "having" is generally to be understood as open-ended and not limiting.
It should be understood that the order of steps or the order in which particular actions are performed is not critical, so long as the teachings of the invention remain operable. Further, two or more steps or actions may be performed simultaneously.
In addition, the inventors of the present invention have also made experiments with other materials, process operations, and process conditions described in the present specification with reference to the above examples, and have obtained preferable results.
While the invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes, omissions and/or additions may be made and substantial equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, unless specifically stated any use of the terms first, second, etc. do not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling the damage of sophora flavescens in desertification soil land is characterized by comprising the following steps:
seedling: before planting the radix sophorae flavescentis, spreading a layer of plant ash above a planting area, and then sowing the radix sophorae flavescentis rubbed with seed coats, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5-2.5 cm;
sealing herbicide after planting: after the sophora flavescens is sown, 80-120 ml/mu of pendimethalin is added with 15-25 kg of water and sprayed to the ground surface of a planting area; post-emergence herbicide: after the sophora flavescens seedlings emerge, scattering a layer of plant ash on the ground surface of the planting area, and spraying water of 3-5 kg mixed with 15-25 ml/mu of quizalofop-p-ethyl to the ground surface of the planting area after the sophora flavescens sprouts to grow 3 leaves;
and (3) pest control: timely cutting off dead stems in autumn, thoroughly cleaning diseased leaves, burning or deeply burying, reducing an overwintering bacteria source, and spraying pesticides on the leaves to control main sophora flavescens diseases, wherein the main diseases comprise leaf spot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, root rot and blight, clearing the garden in winter to eliminate overwintering larvae, trapping drug fields and peripheral pests by black light lamps, and trapping and killing main sophora flavescens pests by combining the pesticides, wherein the main pests comprise cardiotropha, borer and agraphyllus medinalis;
intertillage weeding: before the kuh-seng is sealed, loosening soil and weeding are carried out, and hilling is paid attention to prevent the reed heads from being exposed out of the ground.
2. The method of claim 1, comprising: for leaf spot, spraying Bordeaux mixture to the diseased plant at the early stage of disease attack, wherein the Bordeaux mixture comprises water and copper sulfate in a mass ratio of 160-200: 1, and the spraying is performed once every 10-15 days, or the spraying is performed once every 7-10 days for 3-4 times continuously by using 500-600 times of mancozeb with the volume content of 80%.
3. The method of claim 1, comprising: for powdery mildew, 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl suspension with the volume content of 50% or 1500 times of liquid of 25% triadimefon is sprayed for preventing and treating powdery mildew at the early stage of disease attack.
4. The method of claim 1, comprising: for downy mildew, spraying Bordeaux mixture to a disease plant at the early stage of the disease attack, wherein the Bordeaux mixture comprises copper sulfate, quicklime and water or a 65% by volume mancozeb 500-fold solution in a mass ratio of 1: 120, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times every 10-15 days for 1 time.
5. The method of claim 1, comprising: for root rot, 600 times of thiophanate methyl suspension with the volume content of 70%, 600 times of carbendazim with the volume content of 80% or 5% lime is selected for alternate root irrigation at the initial stage of disease attack.
6. The method of claim 1, comprising: for blight, an infected plant is pulled out during the initial disease, and is sprayed or dusted with 500 times of carbendazim liquid with the volume content of 50% or 800 times of amobam emulsion with the volume content of 50% to prevent and treat the blight.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method for controlling budworm comprises: clearing the garden in winter to eliminate overwintering larvae; the sugar-vinegar liquid is used for trapping and killing adults, and 2-3 bottles of sugar-vinegar liquid are hung per mu from the bud, wherein the sugar-vinegar liquid comprises brown sugar, vinegar and water in a mass ratio of 1: 4: 16.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method comprises: the sugar-vinegar liquid also comprises dichlorvos and/or wine.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method for controlling the borer comprises: the damaged branches can be cut off by biting cotton with the dichlorvos stock solution to block the toxic hazard of wormholes.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the method for preventing the agro-chilo suppressalis comprises: in the green-turning period of the lightyellow sophora root, a sprayer nozzle is unscrewed, 60 ml/mu of chlorpyrifos missible oil with the volume content of 48 percent or 70 ml/mu of phoxim with the volume content of 40 percent is added with water to spray the plant rhizosphere.
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| CN106358860A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 李德新 | Environment-friendly prevention and treatment method of plant diseases and insect pests of Shatian pomelo |
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| CN106550730A (en) * | 2015-09-26 | 2017-04-05 | 马国坚 | Radix Codonopsis technology is planted leanly in south |
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| CN110506547A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-29 | 邵阳县金农植保专业合作社 | A kind of pest control method |
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| CN106550730A (en) * | 2015-09-26 | 2017-04-05 | 马国坚 | Radix Codonopsis technology is planted leanly in south |
| CN106358860A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 李德新 | Environment-friendly prevention and treatment method of plant diseases and insect pests of Shatian pomelo |
| CN106386157A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-02-15 | 安顺市西秀区钰霖种养殖农民专业合作社 | Traditional Chinese medicine sophora flavescens high-yield cultivation method |
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