CN110651651A - Method for preventing and treating tomato stem rot and root rot diseases - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating tomato stem rot and root rot diseases Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling stem rot and root rot diseases of tomatoes, which comprises the following steps: 1) agricultural prevention and control; 2) strengthening cultivation management; 3) managing water and fertilizer; 4) cultivating disease-free seedlings; 5) disinfecting soil; 6) preventing and treating diseases with the medicament. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for preventing and treating the stem rot and root rot diseases of the tomatoes, provided by the invention, has the advantages of simple, clear and popular and easily-understood operation steps, is suitable for professional or common workers to refer and use, uses common and easily-obtained medicaments, is reasonable in price, is low in economic burden, effectively reduces the cost, and has a good prevention and treatment effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop disease control, in particular to a method for controlling tomato stem root rot and root rot diseases.
Background
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is an annual or perennial herb of the genus Lycopersicon of the family Solanaceae, native to south America, and widely cultivated in the south and north of China. With the increase of the cultivation period, the occurrence of diseases is increased year by year, however, the root rot diseases become one of the main factors restricting the development of the tomato industry in production. The root rot diseases can occur in the whole tomato growing season, and can be divided into two categories according to the disease symptoms in the field, namely the tomato neck rot and the tomato fusarium root rot. The neck rot and root rot of the tomato are mainly characterized in that the stem base and the root are browned, the cortex is dry, the chlorosis and the lesion of the old leaves are yellow and shed, brown rot is seen on the part close to the ground, the lesion usually surrounds the stem for one circle, a white mildew layer is seen on part of plants, the stem base shrinks in the seedling stage, the vascular bundle and phloem are browned and necrotized on the longitudinal section, and the plants wither when serious; the root rot of the fusarium solani mainly damages the roots of plants, reddish brown disease spots are formed on the taproots or large secondary roots, the cortex at the diseased positions of the roots is discolored, and the ground symptoms comprise chloasma between leaf veins and whitening of leaves, and when the ground symptoms are serious, the overground parts are withered and yellow, the roots and the roots are rotten, and the plants are withered and die.
The pathogenic bacteria of the tomato neck rot root rot is Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum), the pathogenic bacteria of the tomato neck rot root rot is Fusarium solani (Fusarium solani), and the pathogenic bacteria live through the winter in soil along with disease residues by using mycelium; the soil, fertilizer, farm tools, irrigation water and the like which mainly carry bacteria are spread in the seedbed; germs invade from the wound of the seedling and are spread by rainwater and irrigation water. High temperature and high humidity are easy to occur; continuous cropping of seedbeds, surface water accumulation, application of non-decomposed fertilizers, more underground pests and more root wounds caused by farming activities. Tomato root rot diseases are serious in Jingyuan county, Wuwei City, Dingxi City, etc., of Baiyin, Gansu province.
For tomato root rot diseases, since most of the diseases appear very early, a common method or some simple and common methods have no good effect in the control process, and a large amount of time and material resources are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method for preventing and treating tomato stem root rot and root rot diseases, which is reasonable, simple to implement and good in effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for controlling tomato stem root rot and root rot diseases, comprising the following steps:
1) agricultural control:
crop rotation with gramineous crops for more than 2 years; discovering diseased plants, timely removing burnt plants, and disinfecting diseased points with quicklime; thoroughly removing the diseased plant residues in the field after harvesting; deeply ploughing the land, and pressing pathogenic bacteria in the deep layer of the soil; land leveling is carried out, and low-lying water accumulation is avoided;
2) strengthening cultivation management:
selecting a land block with high terrain and good drainage or adopting high-ridge cultivation, strictly prohibiting flood irrigation, and draining water in time after rain;
3) and (3) water and fertilizer management:
applying enough base fertilizer, taking organic fertilizer as a main material and chemical fertilizer as an auxiliary material, and reasonably topdressing; after the planting survival, properly controlling water consumption to ensure the robust branches and leaves and the development of root systems, and strengthening rich water and keeping high yield at the later stage;
4) and (3) cultivating disease-free seedlings:
greenhouse vermiculite is selected for seedling culture, and pesticides for preventing and controlling tomato damping-off and underground pests in the seedling culture period are added into a substrate; selecting healthy tomato seedlings for transplanting;
5) soil disinfection:
sterilizing soil of the planting field, covering with a film, turning over the soil before planting, and transplanting after the soil is unblocked;
6) and (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament:
soaking the roots of the tomato seedlings before transplanting, adding 9-11 g of 0.004% of an indolidina.14-hydroxycism soluble solution, 14-16 g of a 3% metalaxyl-hymexazol aqueous solution, 14-16 g of 6% oligosaccharide-catenin powder and 10-15 ml of 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent into 10kg of clear water, soaking the roots for 15min, taking out the tomato seedlings, airing the tomato seedlings in a shade and transplanting the tomato seedlings; at the initial stage of disease, 35ml of 11% of the liquid 100 times of the liquid of the azoxystrobin, pyrrole and pyrimethanil or 200 times of the EC-bacillus subtilis wettable powder is poured into roots.
Further, in the method for preventing and treating the tomato stem base rot and root rot diseases, in the step 1), the deep ploughing depth is 35-40 cm.
Further, in the method for preventing and treating stem base rot and root rot diseases of tomatoes, in the step 2), the height of the ridge surface of the high-ridge cultivation is 25-30 cm, the width of the ridge surface is 50-60 cm, and the row spacing of ridge ridges and furrow width is 60 cm.
Further, in the above method for controlling stem and root rot diseases of tomatoes, in the step 3), the concrete method for reasonably applying the fertilizer is as follows: 50-65 kg of 45% ternary compound fertilizer and 1000-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer are applied to each mu of base fertilizer; and 5-10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is additionally applied to each mu in the full bearing period.
Further, in the method for preventing and treating stem rot and root rot diseases of tomatoes, the seedling culture method in the step 4) is to add 1.0-1.5 kg/mu of 40% bromefur wettable powder and 1.5-2.5 kg/mu of 30% phoxim capsules into vermiculite, mix 10 kg/mu of sterilized fine sand, scatter the mixture on the surface of the vermiculite and rake the mixture into the vermiculite.
Further, in the method for preventing and treating stem rot and root rot diseases of tomatoes, in the step 5), the soil disinfection is performed by adopting 25-30 kg/mu of dazomet, 70-80 kg/mu of lime nitrogen, 70-80 kg/mu of calcium cyanamide or applying 30L/mu of anti-continuous cropping microecological drip irrigation fertilizer to perform continuous cropping soil treatment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for preventing and treating the stem rot and root rot diseases of the tomatoes, provided by the invention, has the advantages of simple, clear and popular and easily-understood operation steps, is suitable for professional or common workers to refer and use, uses common and easily-obtained medicaments, is reasonable in price, is low in economic burden, effectively reduces the cost, and has a good prevention and treatment effect.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, but do not limit the invention. The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified. The quantitative tests in the following examples, all set up three replicates and the results averaged.
The preparation sources used by the invention are as follows:
wettable powder of poly-bromo-Fu: green-keeping crop science and technology limited in Hebei;
phoxim capsule: jiangsu Jieshi chemical Co., Ltd;
continuous cropping resistant micro-ecological drip irrigation fertilizer: zhongnong Lvkang (Beijing) Biotechnology Ltd;
metalaxyl hymexazol aqua: green-keeping crop science and technology limited in Hebei;
oligosaccharide-catenin powder: green-keeping crop science and technology limited in Hebei;
indolidine.14-hydroxyrutine solubles: gansu Huashi agriculture science and technology Limited;
fluopyram suspending agent: bayer crop science, inc;
EC-Bacillus subtilis wettable powder: baoding, luofeng, bio-technology ltd, luofeng, municipality;
water aqua of leptymenia pyrrole bacteria: fushan City Yinghui crop science, Inc.
The invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling stem rot and root rot diseases of tomatoes, which comprises the following steps:
1) agricultural control:
crop rotation with gramineous crops for more than 2 years; discovering diseased plants, timely removing burnt plants, and disinfecting diseased points with quicklime; thoroughly removing diseased plant residues in the field after harvesting; deeply ploughing the land, and pressing pathogenic bacteria in the deep layer of the soil; and land leveling is performed, and low-lying water accumulation is avoided.
2) Cultivation management:
selecting high-drainage plots or adopting high-ridge cultivation, strictly prohibiting flood irrigation, and draining water in time after rain.
3) And (3) water and fertilizer management:
applying enough base fertilizer, taking organic fertilizer as a main material and chemical fertilizer as an auxiliary material, and reasonably topdressing; 50-65 kg of 45% ternary compound fertilizer and 1000-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer are generally applied to each mu of base fertilizer; applying 5-10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu in the full-bearing period; after the planting, the water is properly controlled to ensure the robust branches and leaves and the development of root systems, and the fertilizer water is strengthened to ensure high yield in the later period.
The purpose of selecting the base fertilizer is as follows: organic fertilizer is used as a main material and chemical fertilizer is used as an auxiliary material before seeding, and the requirement of the whole growth period of the tomatoes on the fertilizer is met.
4) And (3) cultivating disease-free seedlings:
selecting greenhouse vermiculite to carry out seedling culture, adding 1.0-1.5 kg/mu of 40% polybrominated-fomyl wettable powder and 1.5-2.5 kg/mu of 30% phoxim capsule into the vermiculite, stirring 10 kg/mu of sterilized fine sand, scattering the fine sand on the surface of the vermiculite, raking the fine sand into the vermiculite, and carrying out seedbed treatment; sowing tomato seeds and managing seedling culture according to a conventional method; and (3) selecting strong tomato seedlings which are free from insect infection, mechanical damage and even in growth vigor and have smooth surfaces for transplanting.
The purpose of adding 40 percent of the wettable powder of the polybrominated pesticide and 30 percent of the phoxim capsule is as follows: the 40% carbendazim and thiram wettable powder has tomato damping-off preventing effect of over 80% and 30% phoxim capsule has underground pest preventing effect of over 90%.
5) Soil disinfection:
and (3) disinfecting the soil of the planting field for 30 days, wherein the disinfection is that the cotton stalk is disinfected by 25-30 kg/mu, or lime nitrogen is disinfected by 70-80 kg/mu, or calcium cyanamide is disinfected by 70-80 kg/mu, or anti-continuous cropping microecological drip irrigation fertilizer is applied by 30L/mu for continuous cropping soil treatment, a plastic film is covered, the soil is turned over before planting, and the soil is transplanted after 15 days of smoothness.
The functions of the dazomet, the lime nitrogen, the calcium cyanamide and the continuous cropping resistant micro-ecological drip irrigation fertilizer are respectively as follows: the dazomet is an environment-friendly broad-spectrum comprehensive soil fumigation disinfectant with high efficiency, low toxicity and no residue; lime nitrogen can effectively prevent and treat soil-borne diseases and supply nitrogen, calcium and other trace elements required by crops; calcium cyanamide can effectively prevent and treat soil-borne diseases, regulate the pH value of soil, improve the soil property and solve the obstacle of continuous cropping crops; the disease-preventing growth-promoting bacillus with the trade name of Zhongnong' lvkang (Beijing) biotechnology limited is selected as the anti-continuous cropping micro-ecological drip irrigation fertilizer, so that the disease-preventing growth-promoting bacillus can prevent soil-borne diseases, solve continuous cropping obstacles and improve soil.
The disinfection time is selected to be 30d and has the following functions: thoroughly kill pathogenic bacteria, underground pests and field weeds in the soil.
6) And (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament:
the method of seedling soaking and root irrigation is adopted: soaking the roots of the tomato seedlings before transplanting, adding 9-11 g of 0.004% of an indolidina.14-hydroxycism soluble solution, 14-16 g of a 3% metalaxyl-hymexazol aqueous solution, 14-16 g of 6% oligosaccharide-catenin powder and 10-15 ml of 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent into 10kg of clear water, soaking the roots for 15min, taking out the tomato seedlings, airing the tomato seedlings in a shade and transplanting the tomato seedlings; at the initial stage of disease, 35ml of 11% of the liquid 100 times of the liquid of the azoxystrobin, pyrrole and pyrimethanil or 200 times of the EC-bacillus subtilis wettable powder is poured into roots.
The medicament has the following functions: 0.004% of indacene.14-ruthenium is used as a tomato growth regulator, the photosynthesis is enhanced, the vegetative growth is enhanced, the growth vigor of plants is fast, and the plants grow robustly; 3 percent of a cream-methyl and hymexazol water aqua and 41.7 percent of fluopyram suspending agent are used for soaking seedlings, so that the continuous cropping obstacle is overcome, and soil pathogenic fungi and germs carried by seedlings are killed; 6 percent of oligosaccharide-catenin powder can improve the autoimmunity of plants and prevent and treat virus diseases carried by seedlings; 11 percent of methyl fluazuron and pyrimethanil aqueous solution and 10 hundred million spores per gram of EC-bacillus subtilis wettable powder are used for killing pathogenic bacteria in soil. The medicines are mixed to generate a synergistic effect, so that a better effect is achieved compared with the single use.
Example 1:
a method for preventing and controlling tomato stem base rot and root rot diseases comprises the following steps:
1) agricultural control:
crop rotation with gramineous crops for more than 2 years; discovering diseased plants, timely removing burnt plants, and disinfecting diseased points with quicklime; thoroughly removing diseased plant residues in the field after harvesting; deeply ploughing the land, and pressing pathogenic bacteria in the deep layer of the soil; land leveling is carried out, and low-lying water accumulation is avoided; the deep ploughing depth of the land is 35-40 cm.
2) Cultivation management:
selecting a plot with high topography and good drainage or adopting high ridge cultivation, strictly prohibiting flood irrigation, and draining water in time after rain; the height of the ridge surface of the high ridge cultivation is 25-30 cm, the width of the ridge surface is 50-60 cm, and the line spacing of ridge ridges and ridge ditch width is 60 cm.
3) And (3) water and fertilizer management:
applying enough base fertilizer, taking organic fertilizer as a main material and chemical fertilizer as an auxiliary material, and reasonably topdressing; 50-65 kg of 45% ternary compound fertilizer and 1000-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer are generally applied to each mu of base fertilizer; applying 5-10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu in the full-bearing period; after the planting, the water is properly controlled to ensure the robust branches and leaves and the development of root systems, and the fertilizer water is strengthened to ensure high yield in the later period.
4) And (3) cultivating disease-free seedlings:
selecting greenhouse vermiculite to carry out seedling culture, adding 1.0-1.5 kg/mu of 40% polybrominated-fomyl wettable powder and 1.5-2.5 kg/mu of 30% phoxim capsule into the vermiculite, stirring 10 kg/mu of sterilized fine sand, scattering the fine sand on the surface of the vermiculite, raking the fine sand into the vermiculite, and carrying out seedbed treatment; sowing tomato seeds and managing seedling culture according to a conventional method; and (3) selecting strong tomato seedlings which are free from insect infection, mechanical damage and even in growth vigor and have smooth surfaces for transplanting.
5) Soil disinfection:
and (3) disinfecting the soil of the planting field for 30 days, wherein the disinfection is that the cotton stalk is disinfected by 25-30 kg/mu, or lime nitrogen is disinfected by 70-80 kg/mu, or calcium cyanamide is disinfected by 70-80 kg/mu, or anti-continuous cropping microecological drip irrigation fertilizer is applied by 30L/mu for continuous cropping soil treatment, a plastic film is covered, the soil is turned over before planting, and the soil is transplanted after 15 days of smoothness.
5) And (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament:
the method of seedling soaking and root irrigation is adopted: soaking the roots of the tomato seedlings before transplanting, adding 9-11 g of 0.004% of an indolidina.14-hydroxycism soluble solution, 14-16 g of a 3% metalaxyl-hymexazol aqueous solution, 14-16 g of 6% oligosaccharide-catenin powder and 10-15 ml of 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent into 10kg of clear water, soaking the roots for 15min, taking out the tomato seedlings, airing the tomato seedlings in a shade and transplanting the tomato seedlings; at the initial stage of disease, 35ml of 11% of the liquid 100 times of the liquid of the azoxystrobin, pyrrole and pyrimethanil or 200 times of the EC-bacillus subtilis wettable powder is poured into roots.
Example 2:
2016 + 2017, tomato major producing areas of Zhenzhuolu in the northern gulf village of Jinyacun and the Yunzhou district of Jiquan city were tested by the method of example 1 of the present invention for two consecutive years, and the control group (CK) did not take the above measures. The control effect was investigated at the time of harvest of the tomatoes in the same year, wherein:
incidence (%) × 100 (number of diseased plants/total number of investigated plants) ×
Disease index [ sigma (number of diseased plants at each stage × relative stage value)/(total number of investigated plants × highest stage value) ] × 100
Control effect (%) [ (control group disease index-treatment group disease index)/control group disease index ] × 100
Yield increase (%) [ (treatment group yield-control group yield)/control group yield ] × 100
Table 1 shows the results of the test in jinshancun of north bay town, jinyun, jing yun county, 2016.
TABLE 1
| Incidence (%) | Index of disease condition | Control effect (%) | Yield (kg/hm)2) | Yield increase (%) | |
| Treatment group | 6.2 | 4.30 | 82.88 | 80100 | 10.79 |
| Control group (CK) | 31.5 | 25.12 | — | 72300 | — |
Table 2 shows the results of the voyage village test on the dam in suzhou region of the spring city in 2017.
TABLE 2
| Incidence (%) | Index of disease condition | Control effect (%) | Yield (kg/hm)2) | Yield increase (%) | |
| Treatment group | 5.8 | 3.82 | 85.56 | 71250 | 8.83 |
| Control group (CK) | 37.4 | 26.45 | — | 78150 | — |
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preventing and controlling tomato stem base rot and root rot diseases is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) agricultural control:
crop rotation with gramineous crops for more than 2 years; discovering diseased plants, timely removing burnt plants, and disinfecting diseased points with quicklime; thoroughly removing the diseased plant residues in the field after harvesting; deeply ploughing the land, and pressing pathogenic bacteria in the deep layer of the soil; land leveling is carried out, and low-lying water accumulation is avoided;
2) strengthening cultivation management:
selecting a land block with high terrain and good drainage or adopting high-ridge cultivation, strictly prohibiting flood irrigation, and draining water in time after rain;
3) and (3) water and fertilizer management:
applying enough base fertilizer, taking organic fertilizer as a main material and chemical fertilizer as an auxiliary material, and reasonably topdressing; after the planting survival, properly controlling water consumption to ensure the robust branches and leaves and the development of root systems, and strengthening rich water and keeping high yield at the later stage;
4) and (3) cultivating disease-free seedlings:
greenhouse vermiculite is selected for seedling culture, and pesticides for preventing and controlling tomato damping-off and underground pests in the seedling culture period are added into a substrate; selecting healthy tomato seedlings for transplanting;
5) soil disinfection:
sterilizing soil of the planting field, covering with a film, turning over the soil before planting, and transplanting after the soil is unblocked;
6) and (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament:
soaking the roots of the tomato seedlings before transplanting, adding 9-11 g of 0.004% of an indolidina.14-hydroxycism soluble solution, 14-16 g of a 3% metalaxyl-hymexazol aqueous solution, 14-16 g of 6% oligosaccharide-catenin powder and 10-15 ml of 41.7% fluopyram suspending agent into 10kg of clear water, soaking the roots for 15min, taking out the tomato seedlings, airing the tomato seedlings in a shade and transplanting the tomato seedlings; at the initial stage of disease, 35ml of 11% of the liquid 100 times of the liquid of the azoxystrobin, pyrrole and pyrimethanil or 200 times of the EC-bacillus subtilis wettable powder is poured into roots.
2. The method for controlling the tomato stem root rot and root rot disease as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the deep ploughing depth is 35-40 cm.
3. The method for preventing and treating stem rot and root rot diseases of tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the height of the ridge surface of the high-ridge cultivation is 25-30 cm, the width of the ridge surface is 50-60 cm, and the row spacing of ridge and furrow width is 60 cm.
4. The method for preventing and treating tomato stem base rot and root rot diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 3), the specific method for rational fertilization is as follows: 50-65 kg of 45% ternary compound fertilizer and 1000-1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer are applied to each mu of base fertilizer; and 5-10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is additionally applied to each mu in the full bearing period.
5. The method for controlling stem rot and root rot diseases of tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling raising method of step 4) is to add 40% bromefovir wettable powder 1.0-1.5 kg/mu and 30% phoxim capsule 1.5-2.5 kg/mu into vermiculite, mix sterilized fine sand 10 kg/mu, spread on the surface of vermiculite, and rake into the vermiculite.
6. The method for preventing and treating tomato stem base rot and root rot diseases according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the soil disinfection is performed by using 25-30 kg/mu of dazomet, 70-80 kg/mu of lime nitrogen, 70-80 kg/mu of calcium cyanamide or 30L/mu of anti-continuous cropping microecological drip irrigation fertilizer for continuous cropping soil treatment.
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| CN113287454A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-08-24 | 冯传荣 | Method for improving root rot disease control effect of greenhouse tomatoes by means of frame-falling ridging |
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| CN112042451A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-12-08 | 苍溪县米丘淋梨芋专业合作社 | Method for preventing and treating pear root rot |
| CN111513074A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-11 | 许素红 | Formula and method for preventing and treating tomato stem basal rot |
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