CN107242002A - Bletilla field production growing season management method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of bletilla field production growing season management method, belong to Chinese medicine planting technology field.This method is：1. tillage and weeding；2. topdress；3. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；4. moisture management；5. summer protection in winter is protected.Compared with the prior art, the present invention is simple and practical, manage convenient, and control measures strong operability efficiently solves the problem of technology and standard lack in large-scale production, it is adaptable to which large-scale promotion is cultivated；The systems approach of phase season of summer and winter high/low temperature protection etc. is managed and protected there is provided weeding, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and emphasis in a set of field production, the quality and yield of scale field production is improved.

Description

Bletilla field production growing season management method

Technical field

The invention belongs to Chinese medicine planting technology field, more particularly to bletilla field production growing season management method.

Background technology

Bletilla [Bletilla striata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Rchb. f.] is that orchid family bletilla belongs to for many years Raw herbaceous plant, the high 18-60cm of plant；Pseudobulb oblate spheroid, annulus as upper mask water chestnut, rich viscosity；Stem is sturdy, rigidness； 4-6 pieces of leaf, long and narrow circular or lanceolar, long 8-29cm, wide 1.5-4cm, tip is tapering, and base portion, which is received, narrow into sheath and embraces stem；Inflorescence Have 3-10 flower, often not branch or extremely rare branch；Rachis is more or less tortuous in " it " shape；Petal length of a film round shape drapes over one's shoulders pin Shape, long 2-2.5cm is bloomed and withered and fallen often；Hua great, aubergine or pink；Sepal and petal are closely isometric, long and narrow circle, long 25- 30mm, wide 6-8mm, the anxious point of tip；Petal is slightly wider compared with sepal；Lip is slightly shorter compared with sepal and petal, obovate elliptic, long 23- 28mm, white band aubergine, has purple arteries and veins；5 typhloscle pieces of mask on lip disk, extend the nearly top of middle sliver, only in from base portion It is wavy above sliver；Stamen 18-20mm of column length, column has narrow wing, slightly bow；The month at florescence 4-5.

Bletilla Chang Yesheng covers thick grass or sylvan life wetland in hills, low mountain stream side and the moon, is distributed on the south China Qinling Mountains The ground such as provinces and regions and Japan；Be used as medicine with stem tuber, with tonifying lung hemostasis, detumescence and promoting granulation the effects such as, while be also widely used in medicine, The industries such as beauty, coating and printing and dyeing；In recent years, because demand is big, artificial wild bletilla is by serious private digging coyoting, resource Amount is drastically reduced, and has been included in world's endangered plant protection species, and by《Chinese Plants Red Data Book-rare extinction plants》 1st is included, while being also written into《Endangered species of wild fauna and flora international trade pact》（CITES）Protected species.

In actual production, artificial bletilla cultivation is chronically at the original of " harvest-reserve seed for planting-cultivated again on the spot on the spot on the spot " Recurrent state, bletilla quality is degenerated year by year, and plants standardized cultivation standard shortage in cultivation and quality control side, even 《Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China》（2010）There is no bletilla pharmacological activity index of correlation composition quality control to the quality control of bletilla Standard processed；Therefore, optimization bletilla field production technology and cultivation management, will be to improving bletilla cultivation standardized high-yield cultivation skill Art, promotes bletilla industry sustainable development significant.

CN201210449584.1 is disclosed " a kind of high yield cultivating method of bletilla ", selects fertile sandy loam as white And again with ground, preceding stubble be grass family or Solanaceae crops；Apply base manure during site preparation；From annual or 2 years Raw healthy bulb, every bulb is 5-10g, and the suitable sowing time is March in December to next year, by seeding row spacing 10cm × 15cm bars Broadcast；Annual 3-5 month tillage and weedings 3-5 times in field management；Avoid direct sunlight the 6-8 months, or shade or have weeds association；Protect Hold bletilla milpa not ponding；Stalk meeting muck is spread fertilizer over the fields with reference to intertillage or imposes urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate every year；Bletilla Cultivation is harvested after 3 years.

CN201410666249.6 discloses " a kind of scale high yield cultivating method of bletilla striata ", main numerous including seedling Grow, hardening, field-transplanting, growing season management, the management in growth period next year and harvesting.Meanwhile, by microbial technique and eco-species Planting technology is combined, and can be secreted using effective microorganisms(EM) and be synthesized substantial amounts of organic acid, amino acid, enzyme, active hormones, antioxidative enzyme Alto, quickly promotes the growth of plant, has decomposed the residual of medicine, accelerate photosynthesis and the metabolism of plant, shorten The cycle of plantation and the yield for improving the bletilla striata.

CN201410347417.5 discloses a kind of " method of bletilla striata high-yield culturing ", mainly comprising site preparation, breeding, pipe Reason, insect prevention and the step of pick and process five, from potassium dihydrogen phosphate as herbicide, and mass concentration is 0.1% -0.3%.

CN201410623308.1 discloses " a kind of efficiency cultivation technology for high of the bletilla striata ", mainly comprising selection of land and site preparation, block Stem breeding, middle elimination grass, be colonized, five steps of topdressing, by irrigate and draining in because the bletilla striata is liked cloudy, often keep moistening, do To be watered when non-irrigated, 7-9 months respectively pour once sooner or later, heavy rain avoids hindering root in time, improves the survival rate of the bletilla striata.

CN201410364717.4 discloses a kind of " bletilla striata tissue culture method ", mainly accurate by environment disinfected, explant Standby, culture medium preparation, sowing, culturing room's culture, greenhouse hardening, sylvan life hardening, the nine step compositions in transplanting crop field and harvest.Its It is mainly characterized by compost and is divided into bottom compost and upper strata compost, bottom plants producing for material：Take the humic in pine forests Soil, addition farm manure and phosphoric acid man and phosphate fertilizer so that farm manure and potassium phosphate and phosphate fertilizer mixing retting form fermentation fertilizer for one month As bottom compost, culture plate installs after 3 centimeters of bottom composts coconut shell flour being layered on above bottom compost thick 3 centimeters i.e. For compost.

The content of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is that a kind of bletilla field production growing season management method of offer, and skill is managed with specification bletilla Art, improves bletilla yield and effectively medicinal content；This method has simple and practical, cost low and manages convenient advantage, is applicable In large-scale promotion cultivation, it is that a kind of crop cycle is short, breeding potential is high, fast growth and survival rate is high and effective medical value Good bletilla cultural method.

To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that, specifically includes following steps：

1. tillage and weeding；

2. topdress；

3. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；

4. moisture management；

5. summer protection in winter is protected.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：

1. simple and practical, management is convenient, control measures strong operability, and technology and the standard in large-scale production of efficiently solving lack The problem of, cultivated suitable for large-scale promotion；

2. weeding, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and emphasis in a set of field production are provided and manages and protects phase season of summer and winter high/low temperature The systems approach of protection etc., improves the quality and yield of scale field production.

Embodiment

Described in detail with reference to embodiment：

1. tillage and weeding

The cultivation weeding of bletilla requires high, weeding to accomplish as early as possible, take advantage of small, cleared, the weeds close to seedling base portion can use if necessary Hand-lifting is removed, in case injury seedling root, regards weeds situation weeding 3-4 times every year；

2. topdress

The characteristics of bletilla grows is that early stage mainly comes into leaves, later stage main long stem tuber, so, fertilising to hold early stage using nitrogen, magnesium as Main, the middle and later periods is based on phosphorus, potassium；Organic potassium is rich in organic fertilizer, so, bletilla many organic fertilizers since Second Year can show Write and improve yield；When chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer application, fertilizer damage is otherwise easily caused, the time is typically carried out in the winter time very with caution；

3. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

Due to environment moistening, snail, slug easily occur, so preferably spreading " snail is net " or " spiral shell good fortune " in advance（Effective ingredient is four The insecticide of metacetaldehyde）, the more difficult preventing and treating of insect pest is cutworm and mole cricket, and every mu is mixed with 90% trichlorphon 200g The rice bran or wheat bran 10kg stir-fried, is sprinkling upon field trapping；Disease is mainly root rot, occurs more in spring and summer rainy season, to do Good drainage works；Early stage is prevented and treated with 50% 800-1000 times of liquid spraying of carbendazol wettable powder；

4. moisture management

Bletilla is since Second Year, necessarily it is noted that control water, the drainage of soil；A water is poured March, before rainy season in May Ditch is dug to deep again, rainwater can be effectively filtered；Bletilla is since Second Year, easily rotten, and difficult control, so from second Year starts, based on drainage, would rather produce a bit less, it is impossible to have no harvest；

5. summer protection in winter is protected

Height above sea level burns in below 800m for anti-day, the 2 row corns in the both sides kind of furrow, and the spacing in the rows of corn is 50cm, and corn is ripe Afterwards, fruit can be harvested, and stalk retains, and be surgeried after mid-October；

Annual September part prepares paddy rice straw, November bletilla leaf it is withered after straw is layered on seedbed, thickness about 1cm can be effective Frost is prevented, the coming year is also good organic fertilizer.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of bletilla field production growing season management method, it is characterised in that：

1. tillage and weeding；

2. topdress；

3. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；

4. moisture management；

5. summer protection in winter is protected.

2. a kind of bletilla field production growing season management method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：

Described step 1. tillage and weeding：

The cultivation weeding of bletilla requires high, weeding to accomplish as early as possible, take advantage of small, cleared, the weeds close to seedling base portion can use if necessary Hand-lifting is removed, in case injury seedling root, regards weeds situation weeding 3-4 times every year.

3. a kind of bletilla field production growing season management method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：

2. described step topdresses：

The characteristics of bletilla grows is that early stage mainly comes into leaves, later stage main long stem tuber, so, fertilising to hold early stage using nitrogen, magnesium as Main, the middle and later periods is based on phosphorus, potassium；Organic potassium is rich in organic fertilizer, so, bletilla many organic fertilizers since Second Year can show Write and improve yield；When chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer application, fertilizer damage is otherwise easily caused, the time is typically carried out in the winter time very with caution.

4. a kind of bletilla field production growing season management method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：

The described step 3. prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：

Due to environment moistening, snail, slug easily occur, so preferably spreading " snail is net " or " spiral shell good fortune " in advance, (effective ingredient is four The insecticide of metacetaldehyde), the more difficult preventing and treating of insect pest is cutworm and mole cricket, and every mu is mixed with 90% trichlorphon 200g The rice bran or wheat bran 10kg stir-fried, is sprinkling upon field trapping；Disease is mainly root rot, occurs more in spring and summer rainy season, to do Good drainage works；Early stage is prevented and treated with 50% 800-1000 times of liquid spraying of carbendazol wettable powder.

5. a kind of bletilla field production growing season management method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：

Described step 4. moisture management：

Bletilla is since Second Year, necessarily it is noted that control water, the drainage of soil；A water is poured March, before rainy season in May Ditch is dug to deep again, rainwater can be effectively filtered；Bletilla is since Second Year, easily rotten, and difficult control, so from second Year starts, based on drainage, would rather produce a bit less, it is impossible to have no harvest.

6. a kind of bletilla field production growing season management method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：

5. summer protection in winter is protected described step：

Height above sea level burns in below 800m for anti-day, the 2 row corns in the both sides kind of furrow, and the spacing in the rows of corn is 50cm, and corn is ripe Afterwards, fruit can be harvested, and stalk retains, and be surgeried after mid-October；

Annual September part prepares paddy rice straw, November bletilla leaf it is withered after straw is layered on seedbed, thickness about 1cm can be effective Frost is prevented, the coming year is also good organic fertilizer.