CN105660273B - One kind cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method - Google Patents
One kind cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses the invention discloses one kind cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method, include the following steps：(1) seedbed preparation, including autumn rotation stubble-cleaning, flat field and spring revolve hack；(2) seed preparation, including variety selection and seed treatment；(3) it sows；(4) fertilizer application includes the control of dose and fertilization mode；(5) water layer management, including first watering；Water layer management at tillering stage；Jointing-booting stage water layer management；Heading, poplar bloassom, water layer management at filling stage；(6) weeding, including agronomy weeding and chemical weed control two ways；(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, including shovel grass remove pupa and chemical prevention；(8) it harvests, includes determination, mechanical harvesting mode and the stored manner of harvest time.Dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method of the present invention is a kind of planting type that light letter is water-saving；Climate in cold region feature is adapted to, black earth, Baijiang soil and saline-alkali soil are suitable for；It can promote the raising of the sustainable development and productivity of paddy rice in cold region production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rice cultivating methods, more particularly to a kind of cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method.
Background technology
Currently, in the cold ground rice region such as Heilongjiang Province, under the influence of by factors such as labor shortage and water resources shortages, seedling
The feature that labour intensive, the efficiency of water application of transplanting method are low has become influence paddy rice in cold region production sustainability and production
An important factor for power.Dry-sowed waterpipe is a kind of planting type that light letter is water-saving, with light simple, water-saving, high yield, high-quality for target.Cause
This, invents a kind of cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method, becomes those skilled in the art's urgent problem to be solved.
Invention content
The present invention is to provide a kind of cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method to solve above-mentioned deficiency.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention realizes a kind of cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method by technical solution below,
Climate in cold region feature is adapted to, and can be applied to black earth, saline-alkali soil and Baijiang soil, applies advanced agricultural machinery and efficient chemical weeding
Agent.It is characterized in that：Include the following steps：
(1) seedbed preparation：Autumn revolves stubble-cleaning：Preceding stubble harvest after, when soil moisture content drops to 70% or less, with rotary cultivator into
Row autumn rotation ground, rotation depth 15cm-20cm；
Flat field：Autumn supination is evened up field mouth using laser land leveling machinery, is cut directly for the plot that ground level difference is larger
Level ridges ditch is drawn on side, makes filling face inner height difference within 3cm；It still needs to carry out rotation ground again behind flat field, unscrews laser land leveling machinery pressure
Real soil；
Spring revolves hack：Before spring sowing, when soil moisture content is below 70%, spring rotation ground, rotation depth 15cm- are carried out with rotary cultivator
20cm；Soil is set to reach pine, broken state, soil block diameter is less than 2cm；
(2) seed preparation：
Variety selection：In order to ensure safety maturation, the kind that less varieties 1.5-2 piece leaves are promoted mainly than locality should be selected；In order to
Save seedling from damage, the kind of dry-sowed waterpipe will have the characteristic that low-temperature germination ability is strong, germinating energy is strong and talent arch soil ability is strong；In order to realize
High yield, the kind for moistening live streaming will also have suitable dense planting, the feature that grouting is fast, lodging resistance is good, disease resistance is strong；
Seed treatment：Seed is coated with the dedicated coating agent of rice paddy seed, coating agent is uniformly mixed, rice seed coating
Unanimously, shady place is dried；Seed after coating is immersed in clear water, seed rice is made to suction moisture, is soaked seed 3-4 days at room temperature；Leaching
Seed after kind is under 30-32 DEG C of constant temperature, vernalization to broken chest；Seed after broken chest should carry out turning, watering cooling, and
It dries in the shade.
(3) it sows：
Local temperature on average is sowed after stablizing more than 5 DEG C, and in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, application rate should be according to kind tiller
Power, soil fertility level, site preparation quality, seed quality and germinating energy determine.Application rate sows line-spacing in 112.5-150kghm-2
In 20cm-25cm, depth is in 1cm-2cm.Non-irrigated drill for sowing in lines or drought hole seeding machine is selected to be sowed.It should be according to variety characteristic tune before broadcasting
The whole amount of broadcasting, line-spacing well connect time；It should accomplish to broadcast that row is straight, the amount of broadcasting is accurate, seed level is consistent, shattering is uniform when sowing；Same when sowing
The wide seedling area of the good place 1-2 machine sowing of replay of selection soil fertility condition in field, in case ridge side and field mouth mend seedling.
(4) fertilizer application：
Dose：Time of infertility per hectare applies inorganic fertilizer：Purity nitrogen (N) 150kg-180kg, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)
70kg-80kg, potassium oxide (K2O) 60kg-70kg；Organic fertilizer：Organic fertilizer concentrate 450kg-600kg or decomposed farm manure
7500kg-15000kg；
Fertilization mode：
A. base manure：Organic fertilizer is before autumn site preparation or spring site preparation, by the uniform fields the Bu Dui table of organic fertilizer, revolves hack in conjunction with the spring, applies
Enter field is broadcast live；60%-70% nitrogenous fertilizer and whole phosphorus potash fertilizers are disposably applied as base manure in inorganic fertilizer；The base manure of application is divided into
Two parts：First, applying the 10%-15% for accounting for base manure amount of application in the position away from seed 2cm, application depth is 2-3cm, for training
Educate strong sprout；Second is that applying among two ridges, the 85%-90% of base manure amount of application is accounted for, application depth is 8cm-10cm, is used for rice seedling 6
Growth after the leaf phase；
B. top dressing：Ablactation fertilizer imposes in time at the 3 leaf phase of rice, and amount of application is that per hectare imposes time of infertility pure nitrogen level
10%-15%, i.e. purity nitrogen 15-27kg；Top dressing at this time must prevent the bored seedling of flood, leak undesirable rice field and more should be noted；Fetilizer for tillering exists
The rice 3.5-4.0 leaf phases impose, and amount of application is the 15%-30%, i.e. purity nitrogen 30kg-54kg of time of infertility pure nitrogen level；When top dressing
Should suitably it be increased and decreased according to rice seedling growing way, it then follows Miao Wang is chased after less, the weak principles chased after of seedling more, ear manuer and granulated fertilizer is no longer imposed, to prevent
It is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing；Field face should establish the water layer of 4cm-6cm when top dressing, avoid band dew top dressing to prevent burn seedlings；
(5) water layer management：
First watering：Heilongjiang Province is located at cold ground rice region, and frozen soil thickness utilizes returning for frozen soil layer
The seed rice of pulp-water, dry-sowed waterpipe can germinate, emerge to 3 leaf phases；First watering, water layer 3cm-5cm are carried out when 3 leaf phase；
It should accomplish that depression opening, slow water into field, small water slam, make soil be impregnated with, reduce field mouth area when first watering；
Water layer management at tillering stage：The rice 3.5-4.0 leaf phases start tiller, tremble with fear ground Direct-seeding Rice yield based on main fringe, also want
It is appropriate to play the effect of tiller, but to promote tiller to send out soon；Tillering stage should keep the shoaling layer of 3cm-6cm, to improve ground temperature, promote
It is grown into tiller bud；This period terminates in early July；
Jointing-booting stage water layer management：After early July, rice enters the ineffective tillering phase, and rice starts jointing booting, answers
The growth for inhibiting ineffective tillering carries out roasting field to the excessively prosperous field of growing way, promotes the growth and development of main fringe and effective tillering；In water
The rice booting later stage to before earing, should make field water layer in 10cm-12cm, prevent chilling injury and grain husk flower from degenerating；
Heading, poplar bloassom, water layer management at filling stage：Early August Direct-seeding Rice enters heading flowering period, should implement intermittent irrigation,
It avoids establishing water layer for a long time or long-term field face is anhydrous, with lodging-prevention and influence rice milking stage；Mid-August to mid or late September, rice
Into the pustulation period, implement Wang's mud Wang's water management；It to cut off the water supply, to avoid in time when the major part grain of rice reaches milking maturity mid-term when field
Lodging and influence mechanical harvesting；
(6) weeding：
Agronomy weeding：It is bored in underwater by smaller weeds by pouring water after emergence, by inhibiting the photosynthetic of weeds and exhaling
It inhales, weeds is suffocated, realize with hydraulic pressure grass；Or by improving seeding quality, so that live streaming field is early emerged, go out strong sprout, goes out full stand, in fact
Grass is now pressed with seedling, inhibits weed growth；
Chemical weed control：Using the weeding strategy of " two envelopes one are killed ".One is encapsulated in progress before after planting emergence, per acre with 90%
Benthiocarb 150ml or Amex820 200ml is watered 30kg, carries out field face closure；Medicament is uniformly mixed, and is not resprayed, not drain spray；Two envelopes
After emergence, weeding progress before first watering, seedling age is 2.5-3.0 at this time, is prevented and kill off for the three types weeds in rice field, method
It is shown in Table 1；One kills and is carried out after first watering, and seedling age is 4.0 at this time, weeds in paddy field there are mainly of two types i.e. grassy weed and Sha's standing grain
Section weeds, herbicidal methods are shown in Table 2；On the basis of chemical weed eradication, weeds are killed to field leakage and should be pulled out in time；It is answered when artificial weeding
It roots out, prevents later stage demutation；
Herbicidal methods before 1 first watering of table
Herbicidal methods after 2 first watering of table
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
Shovel grass removes pupa：After rice harves, by the weeds in irrigation canals and ditches, all shovel dryouies only, reduces overwintering worm, bacterium source；
Chemical prevention：Rice in Hei Longjiang Province pest and disease damage mainly has rice blast, flax leaf spot, banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, rice to fly
Lice；The prevention of pest and disease damage should adhere to putting prevention first, the principle of integrated control；The time of infertility answers general anti-twice, first pass 6 below the moon
In tillering stage in ten days, second time in boot stage late July；The larger field of meteorological condition and Field densities for rainy high humidity should weigh
Point prevention, anti-disease medicines should be used alternatingly；Spray should accomplish that dosage is accurate, spraying is uniform, not weigh and not leak；It should be according to pest and disease damage kind
Class and harmful characteristics select different types of insecticide, fungicide；
(8) it harvests：
Harvest time：Late September to early October, when the fringe grain of 98% or more spike of rice reaches wax ripeness middle and later periods, 95% grain
It is optimum harvest date in 19%-22% to become golden yellow, paddy water content.
Mechanical harvesting：Producing field selects half-feed combine harvester or the full-feeding combine harvester of better performances to receive
It obtains；Seed field need to be harvested with feed reaper, and thoroughly be brought down stocks to the machinery for harvesting different cultivars, and machinery is prevented
Mix；Grain, non-grain leakage are not spread during transportation.
Storage：It should be dried in time after rice harves, single receipts are carried out to the paddy of different cultivars, singly shines, prevent from mixing；Work as rice
When paddy moisture reaches 14%-15%, with winnowing machine selection by winnowing, the paddy percentage of admixture after selection by winnowing should be less than 2%, pack storage,
It is for sale；Storage period will keep warehouse or drying canopy drying, and attention control mixes, damages by worms, going mouldy and the harm of mouse sparrow.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of：Dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method of the present invention is a kind of cultivation that light letter is water-saving
Training mode, it is light simple, water-saving, high yield, high-quality；Promote the raising of the sustainable development and productivity of paddy rice in cold region production.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment.
One kind cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method, includes the following steps：
(1) seedbed preparation：Autumn revolves stubble-cleaning：Preceding stubble harvest after, when soil moisture content drops to 70% or less, with rotary cultivator into
Row autumn rotation ground, rotation depth 15cm-20cm；
Flat field：Autumn supination is evened up field mouth using laser land leveling machinery, is cut directly for the plot that ground level difference is larger
Level ridges ditch is drawn on side, makes filling face inner height difference within 3cm；It still needs to carry out rotation ground again behind flat field, unscrews laser land leveling machinery pressure
Real soil；
Spring revolves hack：Before spring sowing, when soil moisture content is below 70%, spring rotation ground, rotation depth 15cm- are carried out with rotary cultivator
20cm；Soil is set to reach pine, broken state, soil block diameter is less than 2cm；
(2) seed preparation：
Variety selection：In order to ensure safety maturation, the kind that less varieties 1.5-2 piece leaves are promoted mainly than locality should be selected；In order to
Save seedling from damage, the kind of dry-sowed waterpipe will have the characteristic that low-temperature germination ability is strong, germinating energy is strong and talent arch soil ability is strong；In order to realize
High yield, the kind for moistening live streaming will also have suitable dense planting, the feature that grouting is fast, lodging resistance is good, disease resistance is strong；
Seed treatment：Seed is coated with the dedicated coating agent of rice paddy seed (rice seed pleasure, color dress and bright shield), is coated
Agent is uniformly mixed, and rice seed coating is consistent, and shady place is dried；Seed after coating is immersed in clear water, seed rice is made to suction moisture,
It soaks seed 3-4 days at room temperature；Seed after seed soaking is under 30-32 DEG C of constant temperature, vernalization to broken chest；Seed after broken chest should be into
Row turning, watering cooling, and dry in the shade.
(3) it sows：
Local temperature on average is sowed after stablizing more than 5 DEG C, and in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, application rate should be according to kind tiller
Power, soil fertility level, site preparation quality, seed quality and germinating energy determine.Application rate is in 112.5-150kghm-2, sow line-spacing and exist
20cm-25cm, depth is in 1cm-2cm.Non-irrigated drill for sowing in lines or drought hole seeding machine is selected to be sowed.It should be adjusted according to variety characteristic before broadcasting
Well the amount of broadcasting, line-spacing, connect time；It should accomplish to broadcast that row is straight, the amount of broadcasting is accurate, seed level is consistent, shattering is uniform when sowing；In same field when sowing
The wide seedling area of the good place 1-2 machine sowing of replay of selection soil fertility condition in block, in case ridge side and field mouth mend seedling.
(4) fertilizer application：
Dose：Time of infertility per hectare applies inorganic fertilizer：Purity nitrogen (N) 150kg-180kg, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)
70kg-80kg, potassium oxide (K2O) 60kg-70kg；Organic fertilizer：Organic fertilizer concentrate 450kg-600kg or decomposed farm manure
7500kg-15000kg；
Fertilization mode：
A. base manure：Organic fertilizer is before autumn site preparation or spring site preparation, by the uniform fields the Bu Dui table of organic fertilizer, revolves hack in conjunction with the spring, applies
Enter field is broadcast live；60%-70% nitrogenous fertilizer and whole phosphorus potash fertilizers are disposably applied as base manure in inorganic fertilizer；The base manure of application is divided into
Two parts：First, applying the 10%-15% for accounting for base manure amount of application in the position away from seed 2cm, application depth is 2-3cm, for training
Educate strong sprout；Second is that applying among two ridges, the 85%-90% of base manure amount of application is accounted for, application depth is 8cm-10cm, is used for rice seedling 6
Growth after the leaf phase；
B. top dressing：Ablactation fertilizer imposes in time at the 3 leaf phase of rice, and amount of application is that per hectare imposes time of infertility pure nitrogen level
10%-15%, i.e. purity nitrogen 15-27kg；Top dressing at this time must prevent the bored seedling of flood, leak undesirable rice field and more should be noted；Fetilizer for tillering exists
The rice 3.5-4.0 leaf phases impose, and amount of application is the 15%-30%, i.e. purity nitrogen 30kg-54kg of time of infertility pure nitrogen level；When top dressing
Should suitably it be increased and decreased according to rice seedling growing way, it then follows Miao Wang is chased after less, the weak principles chased after of seedling more, ear manuer and granulated fertilizer is no longer imposed, to prevent
It is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing；Field face should establish the water layer of 4cm-6cm when top dressing, avoid band dew top dressing to prevent burn seedlings；
(5) water layer management：
First watering：Heilongjiang Province is located at cold ground rice region, and frozen soil thickness utilizes returning for frozen soil layer
The seed rice of pulp-water, dry-sowed waterpipe can germinate, emerge to 3 leaf phases；First watering, water layer 3cm-5cm are carried out when 3 leaf phase；
It should accomplish that depression opening, slow water into field, small water slam, make soil be impregnated with, reduce field mouth area when first watering；
Water layer management at tillering stage：The rice 3.5-4.0 leaf phases start tiller, tremble with fear ground Direct-seeding Rice yield based on main fringe, also want
It is appropriate to play the effect of tiller, but to promote tiller to send out soon；Tillering stage should keep the shoaling layer of 3cm-6cm, to improve ground temperature, promote
It is grown into tiller bud；This period terminates in early July；
Jointing-booting stage water layer management：After early July, rice enters the ineffective tillering phase, and rice starts jointing booting, answers
The growth for inhibiting ineffective tillering carries out roasting field to the excessively prosperous field of growing way, promotes the growth and development of main fringe and effective tillering；In water
The rice booting later stage to before earing, should make field water layer in 10cm-12cm, prevent chilling injury and grain husk flower from degenerating；
Heading, poplar bloassom, water layer management at filling stage：Early August Direct-seeding Rice enters heading flowering period, should implement intermittent irrigation,
It avoids establishing water layer for a long time or long-term field face is anhydrous, with lodging-prevention and influence rice milking stage；Mid-August to mid or late September, rice
Into the pustulation period, implement Wang's mud Wang's water management；It to cut off the water supply, to avoid in time when the major part grain of rice reaches milking maturity mid-term when field
Lodging and influence mechanical harvesting；
(6) weeding：
Agronomy weeding：It is bored in underwater by smaller weeds by pouring water after emergence, by inhibiting the photosynthetic of weeds and exhaling
It inhales, weeds is suffocated, realize with hydraulic pressure grass；Or by improving seeding quality, so that live streaming field is early emerged, go out strong sprout, goes out full stand, in fact
Grass is now pressed with seedling, inhibits weed growth；
Chemical weed control：Using the weeding strategy of " two envelopes one are killed ".One is encapsulated in progress before after planting emergence, per acre with 90%
Benthiocarb 150ml or Amex820 200ml is watered 30kg, carries out field face closure；Medicament is uniformly mixed, and is not resprayed, not drain spray；Two envelopes
After emergence, weeding progress before first watering, seedling age is 2.5-3.0 at this time, is prevented and kill off for the three types weeds in rice field, method
It is shown in Table 1；One kills and is carried out after first watering, and seedling age is 4.0 at this time, weeds in paddy field there are mainly of two types i.e. grassy weed and Sha's standing grain
Section weeds, herbicidal methods are shown in Table 2；On the basis of chemical weed eradication, weeds are killed to field leakage and should be pulled out in time；It is answered when artificial weeding
It roots out, prevents later stage demutation；
Herbicidal methods before 1 first watering of table
Herbicidal methods after 2 first watering of table
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
Shovel grass removes pupa：After rice harves, by the weeds in irrigation canals and ditches, all shovel dryouies only, reduces overwintering worm, bacterium source；
Chemical prevention：Rice in Hei Longjiang Province pest and disease damage mainly has rice blast, flax leaf spot, banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, rice to fly
Lice；The prevention of pest and disease damage should adhere to putting prevention first, the principle of integrated control；The time of infertility answers general anti-twice, first pass 6 below the moon
In tillering stage in ten days, second time in boot stage late July；The larger field of meteorological condition and Field densities for rainy high humidity should weigh
Point prevention, anti-disease medicines should be used alternatingly；Spray should accomplish that dosage is accurate, spraying is uniform, not weigh and not leak；It should be according to pest and disease damage kind
Class and harmful characteristics select different types of insecticide, fungicide；
(8) it harvests：Harvest time：Late September to early October, when the fringe grain of 98% or more spike of rice reaches the wax ripeness middle and later periods,
It is optimum harvest date in 19%-22% that 95% grain, which becomes golden yellow, paddy water content,.
Mechanical harvesting：Producing field selects half-feed combine harvester or the full-feeding combine harvester of better performances to receive
It obtains；Seed field need to be harvested with feed reaper, and thoroughly be brought down stocks to the machinery for harvesting different cultivars, and machinery is prevented
Mix；Grain, non-grain leakage are not spread during transportation.
Storage：It should be dried in time after rice harves, single receipts are carried out to the paddy of different cultivars, singly shines, prevent from mixing；Work as rice
When paddy moisture reaches 14%-15%, with winnowing machine selection by winnowing, the paddy percentage of admixture after selection by winnowing should be less than 2%, pack storage,
It is for sale；Storage period will keep warehouse or drying canopy drying, and attention control mixes, damages by worms, going mouldy and the harm of mouse sparrow.
Example the above is only the implementation of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, every to utilize this hair
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by bright specification and embodiment content, it is relevant to be applied directly or indirectly in other
Technical field is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method of one kind, adapts to climate in cold region feature, and it can be applied to black earth, saline-alkali soil and white
Puddled soil applies agricultural machinery and efficient chemical herbicide；It is characterized in that：Include the following steps：
(1) seedbed preparation：
Autumn revolves stubble-cleaning：After preceding stubble harvest, when soil moisture content drops to 70% or less, autumn rotation ground is carried out with rotary cultivator, rotation is deep
15cm-20cm；
Flat field：Autumn supination evens up field mouth using laser land leveling machinery, cuts straight rand, draws for the larger plot of ground level difference
Level ridges ditch makes filling face inner height difference within 3cm；It still needs to carry out rotation ground again behind flat field, unscrews the compacting of laser land leveling machinery
Soil；
Spring revolves hack：Before spring sowing, when soil moisture content is below 70%, spring rotation ground, rotation depth 15cm-20cm are carried out with rotary cultivator；
Soil is set to reach pine, broken state, soil block diameter is less than 2cm；
(2) seed preparation：
Variety selection：In order to ensure safety maturation, the kind that less varieties 1.5-2 piece leaves are promoted mainly than locality should be selected；In order to save from damage
Seedling, the kind of dry-sowed waterpipe will have the characteristic that low-temperature germination ability is strong, germinating energy is strong and talent arch soil ability is strong；In order to realize height
Production, the feature that kind will also have suitable dense planting, grouting is fast, lodging resistance is good, disease resistance is strong；
Seed treatment：Seed is coated with the dedicated coating agent of rice paddy seed, coating agent is uniformly mixed, rice seed coating one
It causes, shady place is dried；Seed after coating is immersed in clear water, seed rice is made to suction moisture, is soaked seed 3-4 days at room temperature；Seed soaking
Seed afterwards is under 30-32 DEG C of constant temperature, vernalization to broken chest；Seed after broken chest should carry out turning, watering cooling, and cloudy
It is dry；
(3) it sows：
Local temperature on average is sowed after stablizing more than 5 DEG C, and application rate should be according to kind tillering ability, soil fertility level, site preparation quality, kind
Protonatomic mass and germinating energy determine；Application rate is in 112.5-150kghm-2, sowing line-spacing is in 20cm-25cm, and depth is in 1cm-
2cm；Non-irrigated drill for sowing in lines or drought hole seeding machine is selected to be sowed；The amount of broadcasting, line-spacing should be adjusted before broadcasting according to variety characteristic, is connect time；It broadcasts
Kind when should accomplish to broadcast that row is straight, the amount of broadcasting is accurate, seed level is consistent, shattering is uniform；Select soil fertility condition good in same field when sowing
The place wide seedling area of 1-2 machine sowing of replay, in case ridge side and field mouth benefit seedling；
(4) fertilizer application：
Dose：Time of infertility per hectare applies inorganic fertilizer：Purity nitrogen (N) 150kg-180kg, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) 70kg-
80kg, potassium oxide (K2O) 60kg-70kg；Organic fertilizer：Decomposed farm manure 7500kg-15000kg；
Fertilization mode：
A. base manure：Organic fertilizer is before spring site preparation, by the uniform fields the Bu Dui table of organic fertilizer, revolves hack in conjunction with the spring, applies live streaming field；It is inorganic
60%-70% nitrogenous fertilizer and whole phosphorus potash fertilizers are disposably applied as base manure in fertilizer；The base manure of application is divided into two parts：First, applying
In the position away from seed 2cm, the 10%-15% of base manure amount of application is accounted for, application depth is 2-3cm, is used for nurturing staff；Second is that applying
Among two ridges, the 85%-90% of base manure amount of application is accounted for, application depth is 8cm-10cm, for the life after the 6 leaf phase of rice seedling
It is long；
B. top dressing：Ablactation fertilizer imposes in time at the 3 leaf phase of rice, and amount of application is that per hectare imposes time of infertility pure nitrogen level
10%-15%, i.e. purity nitrogen 15-27kg；Top dressing at this time must prevent the bored seedling of flood, leak undesirable rice field and more should be noted；Fetilizer for tillering exists
The rice 3.5-4.0 leaf phases impose, and amount of application is the 15%-30%, i.e. purity nitrogen 30kg-54kg of time of infertility pure nitrogen level；When top dressing
Should suitably it be increased and decreased according to rice seedling growing way, it then follows Miao Wang is chased after less, the weak principles chased after of seedling more, ear manuer and granulated fertilizer is no longer imposed, to prevent
It is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing；Field face should establish the water layer of 4cm-6cm when top dressing, avoid band dew top dressing to prevent burn seedlings；
(5) water layer management：
First watering：Heilongjiang Province is located at cold ground rice region, frozen soil thickness, and using the pulp-water that returns of frozen soil layer, the seed rice of dry-sowed waterpipe can be with
Germination was emerged to 3 leaf phases；First watering, water layer 3cm-5cm are carried out when 3 leaf phase；Depression opening, slow water should be accomplished into field, small when first watering
Water slam, makes soil be impregnated with, and reduces field mouth area；
Water layer management at tillering stage：The rice 3.5-4.0 leaf phases start tiller, tremble with fear ground Direct-seeding Rice yield based on main fringe, also appropriate
The effect of tiller is played, but to promote tiller to send out soon；Tillering stage should keep the shoaling layer of 3cm-6cm, to improve ground temperature, promote to divide
Tiller bud is grown；This period terminates in early July；
Jointing-booting stage water layer management：After early July, rice enters the ineffective tillering phase, and rice starts jointing booting, should inhibit
The growth of ineffective tillering carries out roasting field to the excessively prosperous field of growing way, promotes the growth and development of main fringe and effective tillering；It is pregnant in rice
The fringe later stage to before earing, should make field water layer in 10cm-12cm, prevent chilling injury and grain husk flower from degenerating；
Heading, poplar bloassom, water layer management at filling stage：Early August Direct-seeding Rice enters heading flowering period, should implement intermittent irrigation, avoid
It establishes water layer for a long time or long-term field face is anhydrous, with lodging-prevention and influence rice milking stage；Mid-August to mid or late September, rice enter
Pustulation period implements Wang's mud Wang's water management；It to cut off the water supply in time when the major part grain of rice reaches milking maturity mid-term when field, to avoid lodging
With influence mechanical harvesting；
(6) weeding：
Agronomy weeding：It is bored in underwater by smaller weeds by pouring water after emergence, pass through and inhibits the photosynthetic of weeds and breathing, it will
Weeds suffocate, and realize with hydraulic pressure grass；Or by improve seeding quality, so that live streaming field is early emerged, go out strong sprout, go out full stand, realize with
Seedling pressure grass, inhibits weed growth；
Chemical weed control：Using the weeding strategy of " two envelopes one are killed "；One be encapsulated in after planting emergence before carry out, per acre with 90% herbicide
Red 150ml or Amex820 200ml is watered 30kg, carries out field face closure；Medicament is uniformly mixed, and is not resprayed, not drain spray；Two are encapsulated in out
Weeding carries out before Miao Hou, first watering, and seedling age is 2.5-3.0 at this time, is prevented and kill off for the three types weeds in rice field, method is shown in Table
1；One kills and is carried out after first watering, and seedling age is 4.0 at this time, and there are mainly of two types that i.e. grassy weed and Sha He sections is miscellaneous for weeds in paddy field
Grass, herbicidal methods are shown in Table 2；On the basis of chemical weed eradication, weeds are killed to field leakage and should be pulled out in time；Root should be connected when artificial weeding
It pulls out, prevents later stage demutation；
Herbicidal methods before 1 first watering of table
Herbicidal methods after 2 first watering of table
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
Shovel grass removes pupa：After rice harves, by the weeds in irrigation canals and ditches, all shovel dryouies only, reduces overwintering worm, bacterium source；
Chemical prevention：Rice in Hei Longjiang Province pest and disease damage mainly has rice blast, flax leaf spot, banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, planthopper；
The prevention of pest and disease damage should adhere to putting prevention first, the principle of integrated control；The time of infertility answers general anti-twice, and first pass is in late June
In tillering stage, second time in boot stage late July；The larger field of meteorological condition and Field densities for rainy high humidity answers emphasis
Prevention, anti-disease medicines should be used alternatingly；Spray should accomplish that dosage is accurate, spraying is uniform, not weigh and not leak；It should be according to pest species
Different types of insecticide, fungicide are selected with harmful characteristics；
(8) it harvests：Harvest time：Late September to early October, when the fringe grain of 98% or more spike of rice reaches the wax ripeness middle and later periods, 95%
It is optimum harvest date in 19%-22% that grain, which becomes golden yellow, paddy water content,；
Mechanical harvesting：It produces field and selects half-feed combine harvester or the full-feeding combine harvester of better performances harvest；
Seed field need to be harvested with feed reaper, and thoroughly be brought down stocks to the machinery for harvesting different cultivars, prevent machinery mixed
It is miscellaneous；Grain, non-grain leakage are not spread during transportation；
Storage：It should be dried in time after rice harves, single receipts are carried out to the paddy of different cultivars, singly shines, prevent from mixing；When paddy water
When point content reaches 14%-15%, with winnowing machine selection by winnowing, the paddy percentage of admixture after selection by winnowing should be less than 2%, pack storage, for sale；
Storage period will keep warehouse or drying canopy drying, and attention control mixes, damages by worms, going mouldy and the harm of mouse sparrow.
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| CN106489636B (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2019-12-13 | 黑龙江食耕社农业科技发展有限公司 | Direct-seeding drip irrigation cultivation method for rice in cold region |
| CN106577072A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-04-26 | 潘祖贤 | Method for planting selenium-enriched polished round-grained rice |
| CN107018833A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-08-08 | 安徽金培因科技有限公司 | A kind of non-irrigated drill culture method of one season of hybrid paddy rice rice region machinery |
| CN108812136A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-16 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | A kind of rice dry-farming cultural method |
| CN109287414B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2021-04-06 | 湖南袁禾农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for plants in Oryza |
| CN110199802A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-06 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | A kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method |
| CN113348999A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-07 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Comprehensive weed prevention and control method for direct seeding paddy field in cold area |
| CN115380783B (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-04-25 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Stable-yield cultivation method for rice in cold region |
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| CN101766107A (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2010-07-07 | 陈镜任 | Technology for direct seeding, drought resisting and water saving cultivation of rice on dry land by completely utilizing natural rainfall |
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| CN102783388A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2012-11-21 | 黄平县农业和扶贫开发局 | Direct sowing culture method of rice |
| CN104335860A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2015-02-11 | 华中农业大学 | High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology for drily direct-seeding rice |
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