CN110199802A - A kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110199802A CN110199802A CN201910541483.9A CN201910541483A CN110199802A CN 110199802 A CN110199802 A CN 110199802A CN 201910541483 A CN201910541483 A CN 201910541483A CN 110199802 A CN110199802 A CN 110199802A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, are related to a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method.This method, including 1. seedbed preparations；2. seed selection and processing；3. sowing: the depth of sowing is 0.5cm~2.0cm；4. fertilising；5. water layer management: after first watering, water layer is not established in field；6. weeding and disease control；7. harvest.Utilize this method, rice paddy seed is sowed in shallow soil layer, and early period, water layer was not established in field, rice paddy seed is set to emerge under aerobic environment, conducive to the development of rice seedling root system, the planting percent of seed, the yield of the lodging tolerance in Direct-seeding Rice later period and Rice Cropping are effectively improved, more saving water resource.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, are related to a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method.
Background technique
Rice is one of main cereal crops in China, and there is 2/3 population in China using rice as staple food.In recent years, it is planted
Cost is planted constantly to rise and the influence of paddy price stagflation, rice cropping mode from rice transplanting cultivate based on be gradually changed into straight
It broadcasts based on cultivation；Since direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation is to carry out every farm work under dry land state, high with mechanization degree,
The features such as labor productivity is high, easy to operate, this method has obtained quick development in suitable area.The traditional plantation in this area
Method is that attached clay after the selected coating of rice paddy seed is poured water again after being sowed at field face, keeps water layer, rice in rice seedling field
Seed is sprouted in oxygen-free environment.But this method is easy drift seedling, planting percent is low, rice since rice seed germination is in water layer
Root system focuses mostly in earth's surface development growth, and the later period easily lodges, and then influences the promotion of the quality and yield of rice.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method, rice paddy seed is emerged under aerobic environment,
Rice seedling root system development is healthy and strong, and seedling quality is high, improves the planting percent of rice paddy seed, later period ability resistant to lodging.
The technical solution that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows.
A kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method, includes the following steps:
(1) it seedbed preparation: before planting, treats sowing soil and carries out site preparation processing；
(2) it chooses seeds and handles: selecting the seed of Early-medium maturing variety, and processing is coated to seed prior to seeding；Wherein,
Seed coat agent used in Cotton seeds is smart first fludioxonil, and the pesticide-seeds ratio of Cotton seeds is 1:(250~330)；
(3) it sows: being sowed when temperature on average is 12 DEG C, the depth of sowing is 0.5cm~2.0cm, and is being sowed
It pours water in time afterwards；Wherein, the application rate of seed is (12kg~15kg)/666.7m2；
(4) apply fertilizer: the time of infertility is according to control nitrogen, phosphorization, the principle fertilising for mending potassium；Wherein, time of infertility Suitable Fertilization Rate,
Purity nitrogen is (18kg~22kg)/666.7m2, phosphorus pentoxide be (4kg~8kg)/666.7m2, potassium oxide be (0~5kg)/
666.7m2；
(5) water layer management: after first watering, water layer is not established in field, is poured water again when field face at least 1/4 is whitened；Until rice
After 2.0 leaves, reveal the shoaling layer of seedling with establishing water layer lid；In rice plant of tillering stage, the shoaling layer of 3cm~6cm is kept；It is total to field
When stem number reaches the 80% of target harvest spike number, water layer is established in termination；In the rice booting later period to before earing, water layer is enlarged to
12cm~15cm；In heading, flowering, pustulation period, when the spike of rice in 80% or more field is bowed, the grain of rice reaches milking maturity mid-term, break
Water；
(6) weeding and disease control: in the rice cultivation process, weeding and disease control processing are carried out；Wherein, disease is anti-
Medicament used in controlling is every 666.7m2In, 40% Isoprothiolane 80g~120g and 75% tricyclazole wettable powder 15g~
25g or 75% tricyclazole wettable powder 10g~20g, 30% kresoxim-methyl water dispersant 5g~15g and 80% Mancozeb
20g~30g, and be watered and be made by spraying；
(7) it harvests: mature paddy is gathered in；Wherein, after the grain of rice of 98% or more spike of rice reaches in wax ripeness
Phase starts to receive when 95% or more grain becomes golden yellow, cladus stalk turns yellow and Rice Kernel Moisture Content reaches 19%~22%
It cuts.
Direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method of the present invention has the beneficial effect that, rice paddy seed is sowed to the shallow soil of 0.5cm~2.0cm
In layer, and water layer is not established in field early period, more water-saving for more traditional direct-sowing dry, meanwhile, make rice paddy seed in aerobic environment
Lower emergence, the more conducively development of rice seedling root system improve the planting percent of seed, improve the lodging tolerance in Direct-seeding Rice later period,
And then effectively improve the yield of Rice Cropping；This method is a kind of light simple, water-saving planting type, and it is raw that rice can be effectively relieved
Labour's anxiety and the problems such as shortage of water resources in production.
Specific embodiment
A kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method, includes the following steps.
One, seedbed preparation
1.1, the autumn turns over stubble-cleaning controlling weeds rice: it carries out ploughing deeply stubble-cleaning after preceding stubble harvest, if preceding stubble stalk retention amount is larger,
It is ploughed deeply again after should then stalk being crushed, tilling depth 30cm.
1.2, flat field: carrying out flat field processing using the flat field machine of laser mid-April to the last ten-days period, even up field mouth, cut straight rand,
Level ridges ditch is drawn, and makes the interior drop 2cm~3cm in each filling face.
Two, variety selection
Select the Early-medium maturing variety by the authorization of the variety certification committee.
Three, application rate
Application rate is calculated according to factors such as breediness, soil fertility level, target Basic Seedlings, and makes every 666.7m2It is basic
Seedling control within 300,000, be suitable for the amount of broadcasting be 12kg/666.7m2~15kg/666.7m2。
Four, seed treatment
4.1, de- awns should be carried out to the seed for having awns.
4.2,3d~5d before sowing uses smart first fludioxonil as seed coat agent, carries out according to pesticide-seeds ratio 1:250~1:330
Coating.
4.3, sowing and equipment debugging.
Five, it sows
5.1, date of seeding: local temperature on average stabilization can be sowed after 12 DEG C, generally in late April, after planting fill in time
Water, the first tenday period of a month in May should finish and fill.
5.2, it installation check: prior to seeding, requires to examine seed-sowing machine and mating power facility according to operation instructions
It looks into and installation and debugging is good, each position is made to work well, guarantee mechanical in good state of the art.
5.3, the adjustment of application rate: according to the amount of sowing of determining application rate adjustment seeder；In flat place, just
Machine dry run 3min~5min is set to lock adjustment mechanism as required after accurately adjusting under normal operating speed, to prevent operation
Shi Songdong.
5.4, depth of planting: it is that 0.5cm~2.0cm is sowed according to depth of planting, such as sows too deep, will affect out
Seedling.
Six, it applies fertilizer
According to control nitrogen, phosphorization, the principle of potassium is mended in time of infertility fertilising；Specifically, the time of infertility every 666.7m2Fertilising:
Purity nitrogen (N) 18kg~22kg, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) 4kg~8kg, potassium oxide (K2O) 0~5kg；Wherein, nitrogenous fertilizer base applies 40%
~50%, 50%~60% is imposed, phosphorus potash fertilizer whole base is applied；Specific fertilizer variety, amount of application should effectively be supported according to its nitrogen, phosphorus etc.
The content divided converts, if slow (control) release fertilizer is applied in selection, fertilizer amount can reduce 10%~20%.
6.1, base manure: base manure applies ammonium sulfate 24kg or urea 10kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15kg or calcium superphosphate 50kg；Fertilising is adopted
It mechanically or manually spreads fertilizer over the fields, buries in conjunction with secondary site preparation rake fertilizer, broadcasting fertile depth is 6cm~7cm；When basal dressing, it should accomplish dosage
Accurately, not heavy not leak.
6.2, top dressing
6.2.1, rice leaf age is in 2.5 leaf, every 666.7m2Impose the 10%~15% of time of infertility pure nitrogen level, i.e. 2kg
~3kg converts into urea 5kg~7kg.
6.2.2, tiller starts to impose tillering fertilizer, every 666.7m after four leaf age of rice2Impose time of infertility pure nitrogen level
20%~30%, i.e. 5kg~7kg convert into urea 10kg~13kg；It should suitably be added and subtracted according to rice seedling growing way, it then follows prosperous seedling chases after less,
The principle that weak seedling chases after more.
6.2.3, ear manuer, every 666.7m are imposed in the 2 leaf phases2The 10% of time of infertility pure nitrogen level, i.e. 2kg~3kg are imposed,
Equivalent urea 5kg~6kg；It should be added and subtracted according to growing way, it then follows the principle that prosperous seedling chases after less, weak seedling chases after more is spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly；Meanwhile it keeping away
Exempt from band dew top dressing, to prevent burn seedlings.
6.2.4, granulated fertilizer is imposed when rice full heading time, leaf color jaundice weak to growing way, performance fertilizer deficiency take off the region of fertilizer, often
666.7m2Nitrogen topdressing 1kg~1.5kg converts into urea 2kg~3kg；It is prudent to impose granulated fertilizer, if Rice Leaf color depth, growth
It is prosperous, it should not chase after or chase after less；Conversely, then appropriate increase.
Seven, water layer management
7.1, it should pour water in time after rice growing, water fills field face.
7.2, seedling stage water layer management
7.2.1, the seeding stage: after first watering, water layer is not established in field, is gone away to field face and is not fallen into foot and field face at least 1/4 and whiten
When pour water again；If soil field is saline and alkaline heavier, when first watering, can keep 1~2 day water layer, with hydraulic pressure alkali cleaning salt.
7.2.2, seedling stage water layer: after 2.0 leaf of rice, establishing shoaling layer, reveals seedling with accomplishing water layer lid.
7.3, water layer management at tillering stage: rice tri-leaf period is separated from milk, is transferred to autotrophy, into tillering stage, the purpose of water layer management
It is to promote tiller early growth and quick tiller, cultivates strong tiller, at this point, keeping the shoaling layer of 3cm~6cm, to improve ground temperature, promotes tiller bud raw
It is long；When total stem number reaches the 80% of target harvest spike number when field, water layer can not be established；Tillering stage about terminates in 6 last ten-days period.
7.4, jointing-booting stage water layer management: at the beginning of late June to 7 months, rice starts jointing booting, should inhibit to divide in vain
Tiller falls dry dry field to the excessively prosperous field of growing way, promotes the growth and development of stem and effective tillering；Two leaves are fallen in the rice booting later period
It stretches out before heading, should suitably increase water layer, reach 12cm~15cm, prevent chilling injury and grain husk flower from degenerating.
7.5, heading, flowering, water layer management at filling stage: it should be avoided and establish water layer or length for a long time mid-August to early September
Phase field face is anhydrous, to prevent lodging and influence rice milking stage；Spike of rice to 80% or more field is bowed, the grain of rice reaches milking maturity mid-term
When, it cuts off the water supply, prevents the mechanical harvesting that lodges and influence；In addition, the fast field of the leaks such as highland, sand ground can be postponed suitably and be cut off the water supply.
Eight, weeding
To the rice field for making to plant using rice drought ring, it can first carry out cauline leaf and prevent and kill off, then carry out the closed weeding side of medicament soil
Case；It to long-term continuous cropping rice field, takes and is after planting carrying out the closing of medicament soil, carry out a medicament soil envelope after cauline leaf process again
The weeding scheme closed；The selection of concrete foundation weeds in field situation occurred.
Nine, disease control
In late June to early July, common prevention and treatment leaf pest, section pest；Late July or early August, in Rice Heading cut
Phase, second of prevention and treatment；If the generation of leaf pest is heavier, a panicle blast prevention and treatment is carried out again in full heading time；When spray, to spray
Even, dosing is accurate, the amount of being watered foot, it is ensured that protection effect.
When disease control, used medicament is every 666.7m2It is wettable with 100 grams of 40% Isoprothiolane and 75% tricyclazole
Property 20 grams of pulvis be watered it is spraying；Or every 666.7m2With 15 grams of 75% tricyclazole wettable powder, 30% kresoxim-methyl water dispersant 10
Gram and 25 grams of 80% Mancozeb be watered it is spraying.
Ten, it harvests
When the grain of rice of 98% or more spike of rice reaches the wax ripeness middle and later periods, 95% or more grain becomes golden yellow, cladus stalk becomes
Huang, meanwhile, when Rice Kernel Moisture Content 19%~22%, start to gather in.
Using the above method, 150 mu of demonstration plant in the Northwest, average product 677.5kg/666.7m2, simultaneously
Also there is no lodging, and it is similar using conventional direct seeding technique rice cultivation, average product 647.3kg/666.7m2,
And nearly 20% lodges；Simultaneously as the present processes do not establish water layer early period, filled less three times compared with general planting method
Water, so that, it can be achieved that the water-saving 100m of mu for local conventional direct-sowing dry3More than.
In addition, due to the regular thermic anomaly in the Northwest, it is totally unfavorable to paddy growth；On the same day to pouring water on the same day
Direct-seeding Rice carry out field investigation show, using herein described method plant rice seedling growing way it is stronger；Specifically, using
The rice seedling of the application method plantation, average height of seedling 5.9cm, root long 5.56cm, radical are 6, and use routine side
Its height of seedling of rice of method live streaming is 2.5cm, and longest root is 1.1cm, and mean elements is 2.8.
Using direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method of the present invention, existing seed seedling when direct sowing on dry paddy field cultivation can be effectively solved
Rate is low, root system development early period bad, the problems such as later period easily lodges, and rice paddy seed is sowed in the shallow soil layer of 0.5cm~2.0cm,
Early period, water layer was not established in field, and rice paddy seed is made to emerge under aerobic environment, conducive to the development of rice seedling root system, improved live streaming
Rice later period ability resistant to lodging.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method, which comprises the steps of:
(1) it seedbed preparation: before planting, treats sowing soil and carries out site preparation processing；
(2) it chooses seeds and handles: selecting the seed of Early-medium maturing variety, and processing is coated to seed prior to seeding；
(3) sow: being sowed when temperature on average is 12 DEG C, the depth of sowing is 0.5cm~2.0cm, and after planting and
When pour water；
(4) it applies fertilizer: time of infertility fertilising；
(5) water layer management: after first watering, water layer is not established in field, is poured water again when field face at least 1/4 is whitened, until 2.0 leaf of rice
After begin setting up water layer, water layer size to cover reveals seedling as standard；In rice plant of tillering stage, the shoaling layer of 3cm~6cm is kept；
When field, total stem number reaches the 80% of target harvest spike number, water layer is established in termination；In the rice booting later period to before earing, by water
Layer is enlarged to 12cm~15cm；In heading, flowering, pustulation period, when the spike of rice in 80% or more field is bowed, the grain of rice reaches in milking maturity
When the phase, cut off the water supply；
(6) weeding and disease control: in the rice cultivation process, weeding and disease control processing are carried out；
(7) it harvests: mature paddy is gathered in.
2. direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (2), Cotton seeds institute
The seed coat agent used is smart first fludioxonil, and the pesticide-seeds ratio of Cotton seeds is 1:(250~330).
3. direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (3), the sowing of seed
Amount is (12kg~15kg)/666.7m2。
4. direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (4), the time of infertility is applied
Fertilizer: purity nitrogen is (18kg~22kg)/666.7m2, phosphorus pentoxide be (4kg~8kg)/666.7m2, potassium oxide be (0~5kg)/
666.7m2。
5. direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (6), disease control institute
The medicament used is every 666.7m2In, 40% Isoprothiolane 80g~120g and 75% tricyclazole wettable powder 15g~25g, or
75% tricyclazole wettable powder 10g~20g of person, 30% kresoxim-methyl water dispersant 5g~15g and 80% Mancozeb 20g~
30g, and be watered and be made by spraying.
6. direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (7), when 98% or more
The grain of rice of spike of rice reach the wax ripeness middle and later periods, 95% or more grain becomes golden yellow, cladus stalk turns yellow and Rice Kernel Moisture Content
When reaching 19%~22%, start to gather in.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN110731243A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-01-31 | 济南启源信息科技有限公司 | direct sowing dry rice cultivation method for effectively preventing cold damage at low temperature |
| CN111406594A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-07-14 | 茂施农业科技有限公司 | Method and machine for simultaneously sowing seeds and fertilizers in vertically layered manner for rice |
| CN111837847A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-10-30 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Ningxia rice shallow sowing and water feeding cultivation method |
| CN111955296A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-11-20 | 安徽袁粮水稻产业有限公司 | Rice dry direct seeding cultivation method |
| CN112075306A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-15 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Dry direct seeding cultivation method for rice in saline-alkali soil |
| CN112753505A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-07 | 邹江 | Dry direct seeding planting method for paddy rice in field |
| CN112753506A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-05-07 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Simple rice cultivation method by feeding water after sowing |
| CN112931080A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-11 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Sunflower dry-farming inter-row film mulching rain accumulation planting method |
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| CN111406594A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-07-14 | 茂施农业科技有限公司 | Method and machine for simultaneously sowing seeds and fertilizers in vertically layered manner for rice |
| CN111955296A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-11-20 | 安徽袁粮水稻产业有限公司 | Rice dry direct seeding cultivation method |
| CN111837847A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-10-30 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Ningxia rice shallow sowing and water feeding cultivation method |
| CN112075306A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-15 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Dry direct seeding cultivation method for rice in saline-alkali soil |
| CN112753505A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-07 | 邹江 | Dry direct seeding planting method for paddy rice in field |
| CN112753506A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-05-07 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Simple rice cultivation method by feeding water after sowing |
| CN112931080A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-11 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Sunflower dry-farming inter-row film mulching rain accumulation planting method |
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Application publication date: 20190906 |