CN105660273A - Cold-zone japonica rice dry-seeding water pipe cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cold-zone japonica rice dry-seeding water pipe cultivation method, which comprises the following steps of: (1) land preparation before seeding, which comprises autumn rotary tilling and stubble cleaning, land flattening and spring rotary tilling and pulverizing; (2) seed preparation, which comprises variety selection and seed processing; (3) sowing; (4) fertilizer application, which comprises control on a fertilization quantity and a fertilizing mode; (5) water layer management, which comprises primary irrigation, water layer management in a tillering stage, water layer management in a jointing-booting stage and water layer management in heading, poplar blossoming and filling stages; (6) weeding, which comprises two modes of agricultural weeding and chemical weeding; (7) prevention and treatment of diseases and insect pests, which comprise grass cutting and cocoon removal and chemical prevention and treatment; (8) harvesting, which comprises determination of a harvesting period, a mechanical harvesting mode and a storage mode. Compared with the prior art, the cold-zone japonica rice dry-seeding water pipe cultivation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the dry-seeding water pipe cultivation method disclosed by the invention is a simple and water-saving cultivation mode, and can achieve unification of simplicity and water saving and high yield and high quality; the cold-zone japonica rice dry-seeding water pipe cultivation method adapts to the climatic characteristics of cold zones and is suitable for black soil, Baijiang soil and saline-alkali soil; sustainable development of production of japonica rice in the cold zones and improvement of productivity can be promoted.

Description

A kind of cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of rice cultivating method, particularly relate to a kind of cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method.

Background technology

At present, in Deng Handidao district of Heilongjiang Province, under impact by the factor such as labor shortage and water resources shortage, the features such as the labour intensive of seedling transplanting method, efficiency of water application are low have become as the key factor affecting paddy rice in cold region production sustainability and the productivity. Dry-sowed waterpipe is the planting type of a kind of light letter water saving, with light letter, water saving, high yield, high-quality for target. Therefore, invention one cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method, become those skilled in the art's problem demanding prompt solution.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is to solve above-mentioned deficiency, it is provided that a kind of cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method.

The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme: a kind of cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:

(1) seedbed preparation:

Autumn rotation stubble-cleaning: after front stubble is received, when soil moisture content drops to below 70%, carries out autumn rotation ground with rotary cultivator, revolves deep 15cm-20cm;

Flat field: autumn supination, for the plot that ground level difference is bigger, application laser land leveling machinery is evened up field mouth, cuts straight rand, is drawn level ridges ditch, makes filling face inner height difference within 3cm; Still need to behind flat field again carry out rotation ground, unscrew the soil of laser land leveling machinery compacting;

Spring rotation hack: before spring sowing, when soil moisture content is below 70%, carries out spring rotation ground with rotary cultivator, revolves deep 15cm-20cm; Making soil reach pine, broken state, soil block diameter is advisable less than 2cm;

(2) seed preparation:

Fruit variety: ripe in order to ensure safety, should select the kind promoting mainly the few 1.5-2 sheet leaf of kind than locality to be advisable; In order to save Seedling from damage, the kind of dry-sowed waterpipe to possess the characteristic that low-temperature germination ability is strong, germinating energy strong and arch soil ability is strong; In order to realize high yield, moistening live kind also to possess the features such as suitable dense planting, grouting is fast, lodging resistance is good, disease resistance is strong;

Seed treatment: coating materials (rice seed pleasure, color dress and bright shield etc.) special for seed rice paddy seed is carried out coating, coating materials mix homogeneously, and rice seed coating is consistent, and shady and cool place dries;Seed after coating is immersed in clear water, makes seed rice suction moisture, soak seed 3-4 days under general room temperature; Seed after seed soaking is under the constant temperature of 30-32 DEG C, and accelerating germination is to breaking breast (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally); Seed after broken breast should carry out turning, trickle cooling, and dries in the shade.

(3) sowing:

Local temperature on average is stable to be sowed after 5 DEG C, is typically in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May. Application rate should be determined according to kind tillering ability, soil fertility level, site preparation quality, seed quality and germinating energy etc. Usually, application rate is at 112.5-150kg hm^-2, sowing line-spacing is typically in 20cm-25cm, and the degree of depth is advisable at 1cm-2cm. Can be selected for drought drill for sowing in lines or drought hole seeding machine is sowed. The amount of broadcasting, line-spacing should be adjusted according to variety characteristic before broadcasting, connect time; Should accomplish during sowing to broadcast that row is straight, the amount of broadcasting is accurate, seed level is consistent, shattering is uniform; In same field, the seedling district that good 1-2 the machine sowing of place replay of soil fertility condition is wide is selected, in order to limit, the ridge and field mouth benefit seedling during sowing.

(4) fertilizer application:

Dose: the time of infertility, per hectare used inorganic fertilizer: purity nitrogen (N) 150kg-180kg, phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) 70kg-80kg, potassium oxide (K₂O) 60kg-70kg; Fertilizer: organic fertilizer concentrate 450kg-600kg or the farm manure 7500kg-15000kg become thoroughly decomposed;

Fertilization mode:

A. base manure: fertilizer, before autumn whole ground or spring whole ground, by uniform for fertilizer Bu Dui field table, revolves hack in conjunction with the spring, applies live field; In inorganic fertilizer, 60%-70% nitrogenous fertilizer and whole phosphorus potash fertilizer apply as base manure is disposable; The base manure applied is divided into two parts: one is execute the position from seed 2cm, accounts for the 10%-15% of base manure amount of application, and applying the degree of depth is 2-3cm, for nurturing staff; Two is execute in the middle of two ridges, accounts for the 85%-90% of base manure amount of application, and applying the degree of depth is 8cm-10cm, for the growth after the rice seedling 6 leaf phase;

B. topdress: ablactation fertilizer imposed in time when the Oryza sativa L. 3 leaf phase, and amount of application is the 10%-15% that per hectare imposes pure nitrogen level in the time of infertility, i.e. purity nitrogen 15-27kg; Now topdressing, must prevent the vexed Seedling of flood, the bad rice field of seepage more should be noted; Fetilizer for tillering imposed in the Oryza sativa L. 3.5-4.0 leaf phase, and amount of application is the 15%-30% of pure nitrogen level in the time of infertility, i.e. purity nitrogen 30kg-54kg; Suitably should increase and decrease according to rice seedling growing way when topdressing, it then follows Miao Wang chases after less, the weak principles chased after of Seedling more, no longer imposes ear manuer and granulated fertilizer, remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing to prevent; When topdressing, the water layer of 4cm-6cm should be set up in face, field, it is to avoid band dew topdresses in case burn seedlings;

(5) water layer management:

First watering: Heilongjiang Province is positioned at Han Didao district, frozen soil thickness, utilizes the pulp-water that returns of frozen soil layer, and the seed rice of dry-sowed waterpipe can germinate, emerge to 3 leaf phases; First watering, water layer 3cm-5cm is carried out during 3 leaf phase; Should accomplish during first watering that hollow place opening, slow water enter field, little water slam, make soil soak into, reduce field mouth area;

Tillering stage water layer management: the Oryza sativa L. 3.5-4.0 leaf phase starts tiller, and cold ground Direct-seeding Rice yield, based on main fringe, also suitably to play the effect of tiller, but to promote that tiller is sent out soon; Tillering stage should keep the shoaling layer of 3cm-6cm, to improve ground temperature, promotes tiller bud growth; This period terminated in early July;

Jointing-booting stage water layer management: after early July, Oryza sativa L. enters the ineffective tillering phase, and Oryza sativa L. starts jointing booting, should suppress the growth of ineffective tillering, the field that growing way is excessively prosperous carries out roasting field, promotes the growth promoter of main fringe and effective tillering; Before the Oryza sativa L. booting later stage to heading, field water layer should be made at 10cm-12cm, it is prevented that chilling injury and grain husk flower are degenerated;

Heading, poplar bloassom, pustulation period water layer management: early August Direct-seeding Rice enters heading flowering period, should implement intermittent irrigation, it is to avoid set up water layer for a long time or long-term face, field is anhydrous, with lodging-prevention with affect rice milking stage; Mid-August to mid or late September, Oryza sativa L. enters the pustulation period, implements Wang's mud Wang's water management; To cut off the water supply in time when the field major part grain of rice reaches milking maturity mid-term, to avoid lodging and affect mechanical harvesting;

(6) weeding:

Weeds by pressing down the photosynthetic of weeds and breathing, are suffocated, it is achieved with hydraulic pressure grass by agronomy weeding: by pouring water after Seedling, by less weeds, vexed under water; Or by improving seeding quality, make live field early emerge, go out strong sprout, go out full stand, it is achieved with Seedling pressure grass, it is suppressed that weed growth;

Chemical weed control: adopt the weeding strategy of " two envelopes one are killed ". One be encapsulated in after planting emerge before carry out, the benthiocarb 150ml or Amchem 70-25 200ml of every mu of use 90% are watered 30kg, carry out field face closure; Medicament mix homogeneously, does not respray, not drain spray; Two be encapsulated in emerge after, before first watering weeding carry out, now seedling age is generally 2.5-3.0, and the three types weeds for rice field are prevented and kill off, and method is in Table 1; One kills and carries out after first watering, and now seedling age is generally 4.0, and weeds in paddy field mainly has two types and grassy weed and Sha He section weeds, and herbicidal methods is in Table 2; On the basis of chemistry weed eradication, weeds are killed in field leakage and should pull out in time; Should root out during artificial weeding, it is prevented that later stage demutation;

Herbicidal methods before table 1 first watering

Herbicidal methods after table 2 first watering

(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:

Shovel grass is except pupa: after Oryza sativa L. is received, and is all shoveled by the weeds in irrigation canals and ditches and dryouies only, reduces the worm that survives the winter, bacterium source;

Chemical prevention: Rice in Hei Longjiang Province pest and disease damage mainly has rice blast, Folium Sesami pinta, banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, planthopper etc.; The preventing and treating of pest and disease damage should be adhered to putting prevention first, the principle of integrated control; The time of infertility should be general anti-twice, and first pass is in late June (tillering stage), and second time in late July (boot stage); The field bigger for the meteorological condition of rainy high humidity and Field densities answers keypoint control, and anti-disease medicines should be used alternatingly; Spray medicine should be accomplished that consumption is accurate, sprays uniformly, not weigh and do not leak; Different types of insecticide, antibacterial should be selected according to pest species and harmful characteristics;

(8) results:

Harvest time: late September to early October, when the fringe grain of more than 98% spike of rice reaches wax ripeness middle and late stage, it is optimum harvest date when 19%-22% that 95% grain becomes golden yellow, Oryza glutinosa water content.

Mechanical harvesting: produce field and select the full-feeding combine harvester of half-feed combine harvester or better performances to receive; Seed field need to be received with feed reaper, and the machinery gathering in the crops different cultivars is thoroughly brought down stocks, it is prevented that mechanical admixture; Transportation process is not spread grain, does not leak grain.

Storage: Oryza sativa L. receive after should dry in the sun in time, the Oryza glutinosa of different cultivars is carried out single receipts, singly shine, prevents from mixing; When Oryza glutinosa moisture reaches 14%-15%, using winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower, the Oryza glutinosa percentage of admixture after selecting crude drugs with winnower should be less than 2%, pack warehouse-in, for sale; Keeping warehouse or dry in the sun canopy to dry during storage, attention control mixes, damage by worms, go mouldy and the harm of Mus passeris montani saturati.

Present invention advantage compared with prior art is: dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method of the present invention is the planting type of a kind of light letter water saving, light letter, water saving, high yield, high-quality; Promote the sustainable development of paddy rice in cold region production and the raising of the productivity.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.

A kind of cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method, comprises the following steps:

(1) seedbed preparation:

Autumn rotation stubble-cleaning: after front stubble is received, when soil moisture content drops to below 70%, carries out autumn rotation ground with rotary cultivator, revolves deep 15cm-20cm;

Flat field: autumn supination, for the plot that ground level difference is bigger, application laser land leveling machinery is evened up field mouth, cuts straight rand, is drawn level ridges ditch, makes filling face inner height difference within 3cm; Still need to behind flat field again carry out rotation ground, unscrew the soil of laser land leveling machinery compacting;

Spring rotation hack: before spring sowing, when soil moisture content is below 70%, carries out spring rotation ground with rotary cultivator, revolves deep 15cm-20cm; Making soil reach pine, broken state, soil block diameter is advisable less than 2cm;

(2) seed preparation:

Fruit variety: ripe in order to ensure safety, should select the kind promoting mainly the few 1.5-2 sheet leaf of kind than locality to be advisable; In order to save Seedling from damage, the kind of dry-sowed waterpipe to possess the characteristic that low-temperature germination ability is strong, germinating energy strong and arch soil ability is strong; In order to realize high yield, moistening live kind also to possess the features such as suitable dense planting, grouting is fast, lodging resistance is good, disease resistance is strong;

Seed treatment: coating materials (rice seed pleasure, color dress and bright shield etc.) special for seed rice paddy seed is carried out coating, coating materials mix homogeneously, and rice seed coating is consistent, and shady and cool place dries; Seed after coating is immersed in clear water, makes seed rice suction moisture, soak seed 3-4 days under general room temperature; Seed after seed soaking is under the constant temperature of 30-32 DEG C, and accelerating germination is to breaking breast (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally); Seed after broken breast should carry out turning, trickle cooling, and dries in the shade.

(3) sowing:

Local temperature on average is stable to be sowed after 5 DEG C, is typically in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May. Application rate should be determined according to kind tillering ability, soil fertility level, site preparation quality, seed quality and germinating energy etc. Usually, application rate is at 112.5-150kg hm^-2, sowing line-spacing is typically in 20cm-25cm, and the degree of depth is advisable at 1cm-2cm. Can be selected for drought drill for sowing in lines or drought hole seeding machine is sowed. The amount of broadcasting, line-spacing should be adjusted according to variety characteristic before broadcasting, connect time; Should accomplish during sowing to broadcast that row is straight, the amount of broadcasting is accurate, seed level is consistent, shattering is uniform; In same field, the seedling district that good 1-2 the machine sowing of place replay of soil fertility condition is wide is selected, in order to limit, the ridge and field mouth benefit seedling during sowing.

(4) fertilizer application:

Dose: the time of infertility, per hectare used inorganic fertilizer: purity nitrogen (N) 150kg-180kg, phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) 70kg-80kg, potassium oxide (K₂O) 60kg-70kg; Fertilizer: organic fertilizer concentrate 450kg-600kg or the farm manure 7500kg-15000kg become thoroughly decomposed;

Fertilization mode:

A. base manure: fertilizer, before autumn whole ground or spring whole ground, by uniform for fertilizer Bu Dui field table, revolves hack in conjunction with the spring, applies live field; In inorganic fertilizer, 60%-70% nitrogenous fertilizer and whole phosphorus potash fertilizer apply as base manure is disposable; The base manure applied is divided into two parts: one is execute the position from seed 2cm, accounts for the 10%-15% of base manure amount of application, and applying the degree of depth is 2-3cm, for nurturing staff; Two is execute in the middle of two ridges, accounts for the 85%-90% of base manure amount of application, and applying the degree of depth is 8cm-10cm, for the growth after the rice seedling 6 leaf phase;

B. topdress: ablactation fertilizer imposed in time when the Oryza sativa L. 3 leaf phase, and amount of application is the 10%-15% that per hectare imposes pure nitrogen level in the time of infertility, i.e. purity nitrogen 15-27kg; Now topdressing, must prevent the vexed Seedling of flood, the bad rice field of seepage more should be noted; Fetilizer for tillering imposed in the Oryza sativa L. 3.5-4.0 leaf phase, and amount of application is the 15%-30% of pure nitrogen level in the time of infertility, i.e. purity nitrogen 30kg-54kg;Suitably should increase and decrease according to rice seedling growing way when topdressing, it then follows Miao Wang chases after less, the weak principles chased after of Seedling more, no longer imposes ear manuer and granulated fertilizer, remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing to prevent; When topdressing, the water layer of 4cm-6cm should be set up in face, field, it is to avoid band dew topdresses in case burn seedlings;

(5) water layer management:

First watering: Heilongjiang Province is positioned at Han Didao district, frozen soil thickness, utilizes the pulp-water that returns of frozen soil layer, and the seed rice of dry-sowed waterpipe can germinate, emerge to 3 leaf phases; First watering, water layer 3cm-5cm is carried out during 3 leaf phase; Should accomplish during first watering that hollow place opening, slow water enter field, little water slam, make soil soak into, reduce field mouth area;

Tillering stage water layer management: the Oryza sativa L. 3.5-4.0 leaf phase starts tiller, and cold ground Direct-seeding Rice yield, based on main fringe, also suitably to play the effect of tiller, but to promote that tiller is sent out soon; Tillering stage should keep the shoaling layer of 3cm-6cm, to improve ground temperature, promotes tiller bud growth; This period terminated in early July;

Jointing-booting stage water layer management: after early July, Oryza sativa L. enters the ineffective tillering phase, and Oryza sativa L. starts jointing booting, should suppress the growth of ineffective tillering, the field that growing way is excessively prosperous carries out roasting field, promotes the growth promoter of main fringe and effective tillering; Before the Oryza sativa L. booting later stage to heading, field water layer should be made at 10cm-12cm, it is prevented that chilling injury and grain husk flower are degenerated;

Heading, poplar bloassom, pustulation period water layer management: early August Direct-seeding Rice enters heading flowering period, should implement intermittent irrigation, it is to avoid set up water layer for a long time or long-term face, field is anhydrous, with lodging-prevention with affect rice milking stage; Mid-August to mid or late September, Oryza sativa L. enters the pustulation period, implements Wang's mud Wang's water management; To cut off the water supply in time when the field major part grain of rice reaches milking maturity mid-term, to avoid lodging and affect mechanical harvesting;

(6) weeding:

Weeds by pressing down the photosynthetic of weeds and breathing, are suffocated, it is achieved with hydraulic pressure grass by agronomy weeding: by pouring water after Seedling, by less weeds, vexed under water; Or by improving seeding quality, make live field early emerge, go out strong sprout, go out full stand, it is achieved with Seedling pressure grass, it is suppressed that weed growth;

Chemical weed control: adopt the weeding strategy of " two envelopes one are killed ". One be encapsulated in after planting emerge before carry out, the benthiocarb 150ml or Amchem 70-25 200ml of every mu of use 90% are watered 30kg, carry out field face closure; Medicament mix homogeneously, does not respray, not drain spray; Two be encapsulated in emerge after, before first watering weeding carry out, now seedling age is generally 2.5-3.0, and the three types weeds for rice field are prevented and kill off, and method is in Table 1; One kills and carries out after first watering, and now seedling age is generally 4.0, and weeds in paddy field mainly has two types and grassy weed and Sha He section weeds, and herbicidal methods is in Table 2; On the basis of chemistry weed eradication, weeds are killed in field leakage and should pull out in time; Should root out during artificial weeding, it is prevented that later stage demutation;

Herbicidal methods before table 1 first watering

Herbicidal methods after table 2 first watering

(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:

Shovel grass is except pupa: after Oryza sativa L. is received, and is all shoveled by the weeds in irrigation canals and ditches and dryouies only, reduces the worm that survives the winter, bacterium source;

Chemical prevention: Rice in Hei Longjiang Province pest and disease damage mainly has rice blast, Folium Sesami pinta, banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, planthopper etc.; The preventing and treating of pest and disease damage should be adhered to putting prevention first, the principle of integrated control; The time of infertility should be general anti-twice, and first pass is in late June (tillering stage), and second time in late July (boot stage); The field bigger for the meteorological condition of rainy high humidity and Field densities answers keypoint control, and anti-disease medicines should be used alternatingly;Spray medicine should be accomplished that consumption is accurate, sprays uniformly, not weigh and do not leak; Different types of insecticide, antibacterial should be selected according to pest species and harmful characteristics;

(8) results:

Harvest time: late September to early October, when the fringe grain of more than 98% spike of rice reaches wax ripeness middle and late stage, it is optimum harvest date when 19%-22% that 95% grain becomes golden yellow, Oryza glutinosa water content.

Mechanical harvesting: produce field and select the full-feeding combine harvester of half-feed combine harvester or better performances to receive; Seed field need to be received with feed reaper, and the machinery gathering in the crops different cultivars is thoroughly brought down stocks, it is prevented that mechanical admixture; Transportation process is not spread grain, does not leak grain.

Storage: Oryza sativa L. receive after should dry in the sun in time, the Oryza glutinosa of different cultivars is carried out single receipts, singly shine, prevents from mixing; When Oryza glutinosa moisture reaches 14%-15%, using winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower, the Oryza glutinosa percentage of admixture after selecting crude drugs with winnower should be less than 2%, pack warehouse-in, for sale; Keeping warehouse or dry in the sun canopy to dry during storage, attention control mixes, damage by worms, go mouldy and the harm of Mus passeris montani saturati.

The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every equivalent structure utilizing description of the present invention and embodiment content to make or equivalence flow process conversion; or directly or indirectly it is used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner include in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a cold ground japonica rice dry-sowed waterpipe cultural method, adapts to climate in cold region feature, and can be applicable to black earth, saline-alkali soil and Baijiang soil, applies agricultural machinery and the efficient chemical herbicide of advanced person. It is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

(1) seedbed preparation:

Autumn rotation stubble-cleaning: after front stubble is received, when soil moisture content drops to below 70%, carries out autumn rotation ground with rotary cultivator, revolves deep 15cm-20cm;

Flat field: autumn supination, for the plot that ground level difference is bigger, application laser land leveling machinery is evened up field mouth, cuts straight rand, is drawn level ridges ditch, makes filling face inner height difference within 3cm; Still need to behind flat field again carry out rotation ground, unscrew the soil of laser land leveling machinery compacting;

Spring rotation hack: before spring sowing, when soil moisture content is below 70%, carries out spring rotation ground with rotary cultivator, revolves deep 15cm-20cm; Making soil reach pine, broken state, soil block diameter is advisable less than 2cm;

(2) seed preparation:

Fruit variety: ripe in order to ensure safety, should select the kind promoting mainly the few 1.5-2 sheet leaf of kind than locality to be advisable; In order to save Seedling from damage, the kind of dry-sowed waterpipe to possess the characteristic that low-temperature germination ability is strong, germinating energy strong and arch soil ability is strong; In order to realize high yield, moistening live kind also to possess the features such as suitable dense planting, grouting is fast, lodging resistance is good, disease resistance is strong;

Seed treatment: coating materials (rice seed pleasure, color dress and bright shield etc.) special for seed rice paddy seed is carried out coating, coating materials mix homogeneously, and rice seed coating is consistent, and shady and cool place dries; Seed after coating is immersed in clear water, makes seed rice suction moisture, soak seed 3-4 days under general room temperature; Seed after seed soaking is under the constant temperature of 30-32 DEG C, and accelerating germination is to breaking breast (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally); Seed after broken breast should carry out turning, trickle cooling, and dries in the shade.

(3) sowing:

Local temperature on average is stable to be sowed after 5 DEG C, is typically in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May. Application rate should be determined according to kind tillering ability, soil fertility level, site preparation quality, seed quality and germinating energy etc. Usually, application rate is at 112.5-150kg hm^-2, sowing line-spacing is typically in 20cm-25cm, and the degree of depth is advisable at 1cm-2cm.Can be selected for drought drill for sowing in lines or drought hole seeding machine is sowed. The amount of broadcasting, line-spacing should be adjusted according to variety characteristic before broadcasting, connect time; Should accomplish during sowing to broadcast that row is straight, the amount of broadcasting is accurate, seed level is consistent, shattering is uniform; In same field, the seedling district that good 1-2 the machine sowing of place replay of soil fertility condition is wide is selected, in order to limit, the ridge and field mouth benefit seedling during sowing.

(4) fertilizer application:

Dose: the time of infertility, per hectare used inorganic fertilizer: purity nitrogen (N) 150kg-180kg, phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) 70kg-80kg, potassium oxide (K₂O) 60kg-70kg; Fertilizer: organic fertilizer concentrate 450kg-600kg or the farm manure 7500kg-15000kg become thoroughly decomposed;

Fertilization mode:

A. base manure: fertilizer, before autumn whole ground or spring whole ground, by uniform for fertilizer Bu Dui field table, revolves hack in conjunction with the spring, applies live field; In inorganic fertilizer, 60%-70% nitrogenous fertilizer and whole phosphorus potash fertilizer apply as base manure is disposable; The base manure applied is divided into two parts: one is execute the position from seed 2cm, accounts for the 10%-15% of base manure amount of application, and applying the degree of depth is 2-3cm, for nurturing staff; Two is execute in the middle of two ridges, accounts for the 85%-90% of base manure amount of application, and applying the degree of depth is 8cm-10cm, for the growth after the rice seedling 6 leaf phase;

B. topdress: ablactation fertilizer imposed in time when the Oryza sativa L. 3 leaf phase, and amount of application is the 10%-15% that per hectare imposes pure nitrogen level in the time of infertility, i.e. purity nitrogen 15-27kg; Now topdressing, must prevent the vexed Seedling of flood, the bad rice field of seepage more should be noted; Fetilizer for tillering imposed in the Oryza sativa L. 3.5-4.0 leaf phase, and amount of application is the 15%-30% of pure nitrogen level in the time of infertility, i.e. purity nitrogen 30kg-54kg; Suitably should increase and decrease according to rice seedling growing way when topdressing, it then follows Miao Wang chases after less, the weak principles chased after of Seedling more, no longer imposes ear manuer and granulated fertilizer, remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing to prevent; When topdressing, the water layer of 4cm-6cm should be set up in face, field, it is to avoid band dew topdresses in case burn seedlings;

(5) water layer management:

First watering: Heilongjiang Province is positioned at Han Didao district, frozen soil thickness, utilizes the pulp-water that returns of frozen soil layer, and the seed rice of dry-sowed waterpipe can germinate, emerge to 3 leaf phases; First watering, water layer 3cm-5cm is carried out during 3 leaf phase; Should accomplish during first watering that hollow place opening, slow water enter field, little water slam, make soil soak into, reduce field mouth area;

Tillering stage water layer management: the Oryza sativa L. 3.5-4.0 leaf phase starts tiller, and cold ground Direct-seeding Rice yield, based on main fringe, also suitably to play the effect of tiller, but to promote that tiller is sent out soon; Tillering stage should keep the shoaling layer of 3cm-6cm, to improve ground temperature, promotes tiller bud growth; This period terminated in early July;

Jointing-booting stage water layer management: after early July, Oryza sativa L. enters the ineffective tillering phase, and Oryza sativa L. starts jointing booting, should suppress the growth of ineffective tillering, the field that growing way is excessively prosperous carries out roasting field, promotes the growth promoter of main fringe and effective tillering; Before the Oryza sativa L. booting later stage to heading, field water layer should be made at 10cm-12cm, it is prevented that chilling injury and grain husk flower are degenerated;

Heading, poplar bloassom, pustulation period water layer management: early August Direct-seeding Rice enters heading flowering period, should implement intermittent irrigation, it is to avoid set up water layer for a long time or long-term face, field is anhydrous, with lodging-prevention with affect rice milking stage; Mid-August to mid or late September, Oryza sativa L. enters the pustulation period, implements Wang's mud Wang's water management; To cut off the water supply in time when the field major part grain of rice reaches milking maturity mid-term, to avoid lodging and affect mechanical harvesting;

(6) weeding:

Weeds by pressing down the photosynthetic of weeds and breathing, are suffocated, it is achieved with hydraulic pressure grass by agronomy weeding: by pouring water after Seedling, by less weeds, vexed under water;Or by improving seeding quality, make live field early emerge, go out strong sprout, go out full stand, it is achieved with Seedling pressure grass, it is suppressed that weed growth;

Chemical weed control: adopt the weeding strategy of " two envelopes one are killed ". One be encapsulated in after planting emerge before carry out, the benthiocarb 150ml or Amchem 70-25 200ml of every mu of use 90% are watered 30kg, carry out field face closure; Medicament mix homogeneously, does not respray, not drain spray; Two be encapsulated in emerge after, before first watering weeding carry out, now seedling age is generally 2.5-3.0, and the three types weeds for rice field are prevented and kill off, and method is in Table 1; One kills and carries out after first watering, and now seedling age is generally 4.0, and weeds in paddy field mainly has two types and grassy weed and Sha He section weeds, and herbicidal methods is in Table 2; On the basis of chemistry weed eradication, weeds are killed in field leakage and should pull out in time; Should root out during artificial weeding, it is prevented that later stage demutation;

Herbicidal methods before table 1 first watering

Herbicidal methods after table 2 first watering

(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:

Shovel grass is except pupa: after Oryza sativa L. is received, and is all shoveled by the weeds in irrigation canals and ditches and dryouies only, reduces the worm that survives the winter, bacterium source;

Chemical prevention: Rice in Hei Longjiang Province pest and disease damage mainly has rice blast, Folium Sesami pinta, banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer, planthopper etc.; The preventing and treating of pest and disease damage should be adhered to putting prevention first, the principle of integrated control; The time of infertility should be general anti-twice, and first pass is in late June (tillering stage), and second time in late July (boot stage); The field bigger for the meteorological condition of rainy high humidity and Field densities answers keypoint control, and anti-disease medicines should be used alternatingly; Spray medicine should be accomplished that consumption is accurate, sprays uniformly, not weigh and do not leak; Different types of insecticide, antibacterial should be selected according to pest species and harmful characteristics;

(8) results:

Harvest time: late September to early October, when the fringe grain of more than 98% spike of rice reaches wax ripeness middle and late stage, it is optimum harvest date when 19%-22% that 95% grain becomes golden yellow, Oryza glutinosa water content.

Mechanical harvesting: produce field and select the full-feeding combine harvester of half-feed combine harvester or better performances to receive; Seed field need to be received with feed reaper, and the machinery gathering in the crops different cultivars is thoroughly brought down stocks, it is prevented that mechanical admixture; Transportation process is not spread grain, does not leak grain.

Storage: Oryza sativa L. receive after should dry in the sun in time, the Oryza glutinosa of different cultivars is carried out single receipts, singly shine, prevents from mixing; When Oryza glutinosa moisture reaches 14%-15%, using winnower selecting crude drugs with winnower, the Oryza glutinosa percentage of admixture after selecting crude drugs with winnower should be less than 2%, pack warehouse-in, for sale; Keeping warehouse or dry in the sun canopy to dry during storage, attention control mixes, damage by worms, go mouldy and the harm of Mus passeris montani saturati.