CN102783388A - Direct sowing culture method of rice - Google Patents

Direct sowing culture method of rice Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102783388A
CN102783388A CN2012103157509A CN201210315750A CN102783388A CN 102783388 A CN102783388 A CN 102783388A CN 2012103157509 A CN2012103157509 A CN 2012103157509A CN 201210315750 A CN201210315750 A CN 201210315750A CN 102783388 A CN102783388 A CN 102783388A
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rice
sowing
field
seeding
fertilizer
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苏昌龙
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HUANGPING COUNTY AGRICULTURE AND POVERTY REDUCTION DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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HUANGPING COUNTY AGRICULTURE AND POVERTY REDUCTION DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a direct sowing culture method of rice. The direct sowing culture method comprises the steps: (1) selection of variety; (2) land preparation; (3) treatment of seed; (4) sowing; (5) management of emergence period; and (6) harvesting in time. The direct sowing culture method of the rice provided by the invention has the following advantages: (1) the working procedures are simple and convenient; human power is saved; and the effect is high; manpower can be saved by 45-70 persons per hour and square meter; the cost is saved by about 450 yuan per hour and square meter; and the labor productivity is raised by about 30%; (2) rice seedling raising and transplanting procedures can be reduced, thus mechanical sowing is convenient; (3) rice seedling bed is unnecessary, so that the planting area of grains and commercial crops can be expanded; and the cropping index can be improved; (4) root damage due to seedling pull-up and green turning process after transplanting can be avoided; the rice is tillered earlier, and the growth and development are faster; and (5) the cultivation characteristics of the direct sowing rice include developed root system, healthy and strong plant, strong disease resistance and large number of productive ear. The method is suitable for planting rice for villages.

Description

A kind of rice direct-seeding cultivation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop planting, in particular to the kind method for planting of paddy rice.
Background technology
The method of transplanting after the first seedling is adopted in the paddy rice plantation usually.This conventional method wastes time and energy, and cost is high, and in the shoot transplanting equipment process subject to damage, can reduce the rice tillering ability, influence its output and quality.People have set about studying the direct seeding technique of paddy rice for this reason.Obviously few, the recruitment province of paddy rice operation, effect high, be convenient to the mechanization sowing.At present existing Chinese patent spare application part 200810046018.X number " method for directly seeding rice ", method comprise whole ground, fertile, the presoaking and germinating of preparation slag, dig steps such as nest sowing, weeding, land for growing field crops fertilising, even seedling and the extermination of disease and insect pest in dried field.Though this method has some technology contents, disclose insufficiently, many concrete measures are unclear, can't implement.Up to now, still there is not the report that this method of actual employing is carried out the rice direct-seeding cultivation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of rice direct-seeding cultivation method, reduce paddy rice plantation operation, enlarge sowing grain, economic crops area, raise the multiple-cropping index. increase agriculture benefit.
The rice direct-seeding cultivation method that the inventor provides comprises:
(1) kind is selected
Select moderate growth duration and have fertilizer of short stem, anti-, anti-ly fall, the rooting ability epistasis can large spike high yield and high quality kind;
(2) whole ground, land for growing field crops
It is smooth that the land for growing field crops will reach the field face, do not have exposed stubble, weeds etc., and shallow water does not reveal mud, and topsoil is deep soft; Whole ground quality is accomplished " four want ": turn over want early, the field face will be put down, the railway carriage or compartment face is neither too hard, nor too soft, irrigation canals and ditches are supporting.
(3) seed treatment
Must bask seeds before the sowing and the medicament seed soaking, educate nurse in the mute paddy sowing of 3:1 ratio dressing, or with the vernalization sowing, the vernalization standard is the long paddy of root, long half paddy of bud with paddy that has soaked kind and drought;
(4) sowing
Be that daily mean temperature is stabilized in more than 12 ℃ suitable sowing time, than transplanting rice late sowing 7~10d; Confirm seeding quantity according to different crops for rotation, different types of varieties; By artificial seeding or mechanical planting are adopted in sowing, and seeding method is for broadcasting sowing or program request or drilling; Adopt the sowing that is mixed of granular fertilizer and paddy;
(5) management in seeding stage
The management in seeding stage comprises: 1. fill the gaps with seedlings: in time look into seedling after emerging and fill a vacancy, 1 heart stage of 2 leaves move close benefit rare, fill a vacancy, guarantee that full field spares seedling; 2. the rational application of fertilizer: heavy dressing base manure, seeing that seedling sees that the field topdresses, is main with organic fertilizer, joins and executes nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer; 3. water starch management: pipe water strategy is to broadcast the short upright pin of back dry field, and shallow irrigation is short tillers, dry field control colony in good time, the short grouting of alternation of wetting and drying; 4. weeding: with chemical weed control is main means, is aided with conventional artificial or weeding by machine's measure; 5. preventing disease pest control: basic identical with the method for transplanting rice, emphasis is seedling stage Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, a rice thrips and the control of ricestem-fly, the generation of middle and later periods banded sclerotial blight and control, and the later stage is carried out the control of rice blast, false smut, striped rice borer, rice leaf roller, rice fulgorid; 6. lodging-prevention measure: cultivate healthy and strong root system and healthy and strong cane, and before the shooting stage, sprayed paclobutrazol, reduce the paddy rice plant height, improve capacity for the resistance to lodging;
(6) gather in the crops in good time
Be paddy 90% when ripe harvest time, and the main fringe of rice strain appearance is all jaundice, have 70% stalk withered, if pinch grain with hand, all during hardening, in time robs fine the results.
In the method (1) lining said large spike high yield and high quality kind be that accurate two excellent 527, Jin You 527, suitable fragrant excellent 725, Lu are fragrant 8258, a kind or its combination in the Guizhou Province excellent 88.
The inventor points out that above-mentioned kind is according to test and large-scale demonstration result screen for many years.
Said the turning in (2) lining will be meant early that preceding stubble results back combines to execute basal plane fertilizer and in time turns in the method; Said field face will be put down and is meant that the high low head in full field is no more than 3cm; Said irrigation canals and ditches want supporting being meant to hold traverse furrow, flute successfully and enclose ditch, are strictly on guard against field area water, the wide 2m in railway carriage or compartment.
The inventor points out, it be in order to prevent that the railway carriage or compartment face is soft excessively that the railway carriage or compartment face wants neither too hard, nor too soft, and the mud head is mashed excessively, sows dark; Should turn over do furrow after next day sowing.
In the method (4) lining be said suitable sowing time leisure bubble winter field in sowing in 20~30 April, rape, potato crops for rotation can be sowed 1~10 May; Said seeding quantity is: under the condition that reaches 90% above germination rate, and mu sowing gulch 1.5~2.0kg; As meet the unfavourable weather condition influence when sowing or percentage of seedgermination lower, must increase seeding quantity; Thousand grain weigth is in inclined to one side morning of the date of seeding of 28~30g, and sowing quantity is low; The sowing quantity height that the date of seeding of thousand grain weigth 32~33g is slow.
Said rationally the executing in (5) lining is meant in the method: base manure account for fertilizing amount 40%, topdressing accounts for 60%; Base manure matches with chemical fertilizer with the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and mu is executed the fertilizer 1000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, every mu of urea 10kg, and superphosphate 30~40kg, potassium chloride 5~10kg, zinc sulphate 1.5~2kg executes down in sowing the previous day at dusk; Tillering fertilizer: first executes urea 5kg inferior to every mu of 3-4 leaf phase; The 5-6 leaf phase is executed urea 3-5kg for the second time; Ear manuer: in the paddy rice leaf of the falling 3-4 phase, every mu of 6-8kg urea, 5-10kg potassium chloride; Protect fertilizers for potted flowers: when falling 1.2~1.5 leaves, execute urea 3~4kg for every mu; The particular content of said water starch management is: the 1-5 leaf phase is moistening with the field face to be main, and short root is pricked deeply; 10 leaf phase field seedling numbers should reach expection spike number 80%~85%, and the field is repeatedly put in dehydration, when falling 4 leaves dew point, set up shoaling layer, and the grouting maturing stage is adhered to intermittent irrigation, gathers in and cuts off the water supply in preceding about 7 days.
Rice direct-seeding cultivation method provided by the invention, following advantage is arranged: 1. operation is easy, and recruitment economizes, and effect is high, but 45~70/hm of less manpower 2, practice thrift the about 450 yuan/hm of cost 2, raise labour productivity about 30%; 2. reduce seedling, transplanted link, be convenient to the mechanization sowing; 3. without the rice seedling bed, can enlarge grain, economic crops cultivated area, raise the multiple-cropping index; 4. the process of turning green after hindering root and transplanting of not pulling up seedlings generally can early be tillered, and it is very fast to grow; 5. the growth characteristic of direct seading rice is that well developed root system, robust plant, premunition are strong, and number of productive ear is many.Be applicable to the rural area of paddy rice plantation.
Embodiment
Embodiment Huangping County agricultural and the farming of development for poverty relief office push away the station and adopt the inventive method to promote the rice direct-seeding cultivation.Select moderate growth duration and have fertilizer of short stem, anti-, anti-ly fall, the rooting ability epistasis can large spike high yield and high quality kind Guizhou Province excellent 88, bask seeds earlier and the medicament seed soaking, educate nurse in 3: 1 ratio dressings with the paddy and the drought of having soaked kind; Put in order the field in leisure bubble winter field in advance, reach the field face smooth, do not have the stubble that exposes, weeds etc., shallow water does not reveal mud, topsoil is deep soft.In sowing in 20~30 April, seeding method is mechanical drilling then; Adopt the sowing that is mixed of granular fertilizer and paddy.
In time look into seedling after emerging and fill a vacancy, 1 heart stage of 2 leaves (broadcasting back 20-25 days approximately) move close benefit rare, fill a vacancy, guarantee that full field spares seedling; Heavy dressing base manure during fertilising is main with organic fertilizer, joins and executes nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer; Broadcast the short upright pin of back dry field, shallow irrigation is short tillers, in good time dry field control colony, the short grouting of alternation of wetting and drying; With chemical weed control is main means, is aided with manual work and weeding by machine; The preventing disease pest control emphasis is seedling stage Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, a rice thrips and the control of ricestem-fly, the generation of middle and later periods banded sclerotial blight and control, and the later stage is carried out the control of rice blast, false smut, striped rice borer, rice leaf roller, rice fulgorid; Cultivate healthy and strong root system and healthy and strong cane, and before the shooting stage, (promptly eared preceding about 35 days) and spray paclobutrazol, reduce the paddy rice plant height, improve capacity for the resistance to lodging.
Paddy 90% main fringe ripe, rice strain appearance all turns to be yellow, has 70% stalk withered, as pinch grain with hand, when feeling whole hardening, in time robs fine results.

Claims (5)

1. rice direct-seeding cultivation method, its characteristic comprises:
(1) kind is selected
Select moderate growth duration and have fertilizer of short stem, anti-, anti-ly fall, the rooting ability epistasis can large spike high yield and high quality kind;
(2) whole ground, land for growing field crops
It is smooth that the land for growing field crops will reach the field face, do not have exposed stubble, weeds etc., and shallow water does not reveal mud, and topsoil is deep soft; Whole ground quality is accomplished " four want ": turn over want early, the field face will be put down, the railway carriage or compartment face is neither too hard, nor too soft, irrigation canals and ditches are supporting;
(3) seed treatment
Must bask seeds before the sowing and the medicament seed soaking, educate nurse in the mute paddy sowing of 3:1 ratio dressing, or with the vernalization sowing, the vernalization standard is the long paddy of root, long half paddy of bud with paddy that has soaked kind and drought;
(4) sowing
Be that daily mean temperature is stabilized in more than 12 ℃ suitable sowing time, than transplanting rice late sowing 7~10d; Confirm seeding quantity according to different crops for rotation, different types of varieties; By artificial seeding or mechanical planting are adopted in sowing, and seeding method is for broadcasting sowing or program request or drilling; Adopt the sowing that is mixed of granular fertilizer and paddy;
(5) management in seeding stage
The management in seeding stage comprises: 1. fill the gaps with seedlings: in time look into seedling after emerging and fill a vacancy, 1 heart stage of 2 leaves move close benefit rare, fill a vacancy, guarantee that full field spares seedling; 2. the rational application of fertilizer: heavy dressing base manure, seeing that seedling sees that the field topdresses, is main with organic fertilizer, joins and executes nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer; 3. water starch management: pipe water strategy is to broadcast the short upright pin of back dry field, and shallow irrigation is short tillers, dry field control colony in good time, the short grouting of alternation of wetting and drying; 4. weeding: with chemical weed control is main means, is aided with conventional artificial or weeding by machine's measure; 5. preventing disease pest control: basic identical with the method for transplanting rice, emphasis is seedling stage Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, a rice thrips and the control of ricestem-fly, the generation of middle and later periods banded sclerotial blight and control, and the later stage is carried out the control of rice blast, false smut, striped rice borer, rice leaf roller, rice fulgorid; 6. lodging-prevention measure: cultivate healthy and strong root system and healthy and strong cane, and before the shooting stage, sprayed paclobutrazol, reduce the paddy rice plant height, improve capacity for the resistance to lodging;
(6) gather in the crops in good time
Be paddy 90% when ripe harvest time, and the main fringe of rice strain appearance is all jaundice, have 70% stalk withered, if pinch grain with hand, all during hardening, in time robs fine the results.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the kind of large spike high yield and high quality described in (1) is that accurate two excellent 527, Jin You 527, suitable fragrant excellent 725, Lu are fragrant 8258, a kind or its combination in the Guizhou Province excellent 88.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that turning over described in (2) to early be meant before stubble results back combine to execute basal plane fertilizer and in time turn over; Said field face will be put down and is meant that the high low head in full field is no more than 3cm; Said irrigation canals and ditches want supporting being meant to hold traverse furrow, flute successfully and enclose ditch, are strictly on guard against field area water, the wide 2m in railway carriage or compartment.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that be that leisure bubble winter field was sowed 20~30 April sowing time suitable described in (4), and rape, potato crops for rotation can be sowed 1~10 May; Said seeding quantity is: under the condition that reaches 90% above germination rate, and mu sowing gulch 1.5~2.0kg; As meet the unfavourable weather condition influence when sowing or percentage of seedgermination lower, must increase seeding quantity; Thousand grain weigth is in inclined to one side morning of the date of seeding of 28~30g, and sowing quantity is low; The sowing quantity height that the date of seeding of thousand grain weigth 32~33g is slow.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that rationally executing described in (5) being meant: base manure account for fertilizing amount 40%, topdressing accounts for 60%; Base manure matches with chemical fertilizer with the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and mu is executed the fertilizer 1000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, every mu of urea 10kg, and superphosphate 30~40kg, potassium chloride 5~10kg, zinc sulphate 1.5~2kg executes down in sowing the previous day at dusk; Tillering fertilizer: first executes urea 5kg inferior to every mu of 3-4 leaf phase; The 5-6 leaf phase is executed urea 3-5kg for the second time; Ear manuer: in the paddy rice leaf of the falling 3-4 phase, every mu of 6-8kg urea, 5-10kg potassium chloride; Protect fertilizers for potted flowers: when falling 1.2~1.5 leaves, execute urea 3~4kg for every mu; The particular content of said water starch management is: the 1-5 leaf phase is moistening with the field face to be main, and short root is pricked deeply; 10 leaf phase field seedling numbers should reach expection spike number 80%~85%, and the field is repeatedly put in dehydration, when falling 4 leaves dew point, set up shoaling layer, and the grouting maturing stage is adhered to intermittent irrigation, gathers in and cuts off the water supply in preceding about 7 days.
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CN103081697B (en) * 2013-02-05 2014-03-26 泗洪县原种场丰收种业有限公司 Paddy rice direct seeding light cultivation method
CN103081697A (en) * 2013-02-05 2013-05-08 泗洪县原种场丰收种业有限公司 Paddy rice direct seeding light cultivation method
CN103535228A (en) * 2013-10-17 2014-01-29 常熟市梅李镇香园稻米专业合作社 High-yield and high-efficiency rice cultivating method
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Application publication date: 20121121