CN109220654A - A kind of mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 122
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- WUHLVXDDBHWHLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentazole Chemical class N=1N=NNN=1 WUHLVXDDBHWHLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to Rice Cropping technical fields, disclose a kind of mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method；Using mechanization ridge culture direct seeding technique, more traditional Planting Patterns are simple and easy, section fertilizer, section medicine, abridged edition, efficiently, convenient for promoting；Convenient for the efficient management of water consumpation, efficiently solve that traditional direct seading rice emergence is poor, and seedling effect is bad, is widely applied the problems such as difficulty is big；By the efficient management of ridge culture moisture, crops for rotation contradiction under rice field-upland field rotation mode is effectively relieved, extends the crop suitable planting phase；By the way of mechanization ridge culture, the efficient returning to the field of full dose of crop material is realized, is conducive to increase soil organic matter content, promotes soil fertility and soil sustainable utilization ability, improve agroecological environment；Mechanization ridge culture direct-seeding greatly promotes rice field water storing fighting drought ability and rice field plant breeding model, can on ridge rice cultivation, breed fish in furrow, duck etc., the expenses such as tradition trench digging be greatly saved, improve planting benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Rice Cropping technical field more particularly to a kind of mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice Efficient Cultivation sides
Method.
Background technique
Rice is that one of most important cereal crops, China's rice area sown area occupy the second in the world, south in the world
Rice area accounts for about 60% or more of each province cultivated area, and cropping system mainly has the single harvest rice, double cropping of rice, rice field-upland field rotation etc.,
Wherein, rice field-upland field rotation accounts for about 70% of rice field area or so.Currently, large area Rice Cropping is with culturing and transplanting seedlings, rice transplantation by hand, throwing
Based on the tradition planting patterns such as seedling and transplanting, technology is more mature.However, with a large amount of circulations of rural holding, rural area labor
The reduction of power, nursery under traditional planting patterns, the production costs such as rice transplanting investment is higher, plantation efficiency and economic benefit generally compared with
It is low；Under rice field-upland field rotation system, Front Stubble of Rice late autumn dry crop, such as rape, vegetables, wheat generally are completed to harvest in 5, June,
After harvest, need to pour water site preparation in time, then carry out rice transplanting, and crop water and crops for rotation are particularly thorny, and large plantation family, agribusiness are to water
It is increasing that rice gently simplifies live streaming high benefit installation demand.
In recent years, domestic a large amount of scholars have carried out a large amount of explorations in terms of rice gently simplifies direct seeding technique, and existing rotary tillage is straight
It broadcasts, also there is no-tillage and direct-seeding etc., however, traditional direct seeding technique is relatively high to the flatness requirement of ground making of paddyfield, water management difficulty
Greatly, low-lying water accumulation part is easy to appear rotten kind, and raised plot causes to be short of seedling, to lack nest tight because arid causes seed not germinate, burns bud
Weight, irregular, high seedling of emerging, tiller is not easy to control, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is low, and is easy to happen lodging, seriously affect rice yield and
Economic benefit.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is: although traditional seedling transplanting technique is mature, plantation efficiency is low,
Cost input is high, and crops for rotation and concentration need water particularly thorny, after especially land intensification is managed on a fairly large scale, contradiction day
Benefit increases；Traditional direct seading rice requires height to ground making of paddyfield, and water consumpation management difficulty is big, and seedling effect is poor, and emergence rate is low, lacks
Seedling phenomenon is serious, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is low, easily lodges, yield, benefit be not high, is unfavorable for being widely applied.
Solve the difficulty and meaning of above-mentioned technical problem: the key technology realizing that direct seading rice is gently simple, high-quality, efficiently producing
Measure, in addition to screen it is resistance to flood kind other than, it is to influence the key point of Direct-seeding Rice yield and quality that paddy field moisture, which efficiently manage, and hardly possible
Point.Scientific and efficient water management can be improved rice seedling rate, control direct seading rice ineffective tillering, effectively solve field be short of seedling,
The problems such as high seedling, the later period lodges, increase substantially the percentage of earbearing tiller and yield of rice.Mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice Efficient Cultivation
Method is on the basis of sufficiently with modern agricultural machinery technology, and by trench digging, ridging, micro- rotation utilizes soil moisture itself capillary
The water sorption of pipe, scientific and efficient carry out water consumpation regulation and management increase substantially while save the cost investment
Rice yield and benefit realize the production of rice field anniversary green high-efficient, convenient for being widely applied.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention is to provide a kind of machinery based in modern agricultural machinery technical foundation
Change ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method, this method improves direct seading rice emergence convenient for water consumpation regulation and efficiently management
Rate, utilization rate of fertilizer are realizing the efficient returning to the field of crop material full dose ridge culture simultaneously, greatly improve Direct-seeding Rice yield and economic effect
Benefit is a kind of abridged edition, section fertilizer, section medicine, efficient implantation methods.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method the following steps are included:
1) variety selection
Selection is suitable for the leading rice varieties of local plantation, with good quality and high output, it is resistance to flood, kind that lodging tolerance is strong it is excellent
First.
2) mechanization ridge culture
After preceding crop is received, semi-solid state (relative water content 55%~75%) or fluid state (soil are in soil
Earth water content 95%~105%) mechanized farming ridging is carried out, as preferred: in the good situation of weather conditions, as far as possible half
Solid state ridging.Preceding crop stalk needs what is crushed first to be crushed with stalk crasher, then with the micro- rotation machine of rotary tillage, ridging
Tool carries out ridging, as preferred: mechanization ridging is suitable for 75~80cm of ridge face width, the wide 40~45cm of furrow, and furrow depth 25~
The inclination angle 30cm, Gou Po is 25 °~30 °.
3) seed treatment
Direct seading rice seed treatment is to ensure that one of the key technology of rice seedling effect is easily led without seed treatment
The generation of field worm, bird pest is caused, seedling effect is influenced to the greatest extent, to effectively prevent direct seading rice seedling stage diseases and pests, penta azoles of seed
Alcohol imidacloprid suspension seed-coating agent 3ml+20ml water mixes seed rice 1kg, and seed soaking or vernalization are dressed seed airing 6~8 hours after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally
Sowing.
4) it sows
After preceding stubble vernal crop diversity harvest, before first arrival in April by the end of May and planting early enough, influenced by later period high temperature, Postpone sowing
Seriously affect rice yield and benefit.Seeding method is planted on the face of ridge by the way of manually or mechanically, as preferred: ridge face
On be manually or mechanically broadcast live 3 row rice, line-spacing 30cm, hill spacing is 16~18cm, every bunch planting kind 3~4；It broadcasts sowing according to per acre
1.2~1.5 kgs/acre of uniform broadcastings are in ridge face.
5) scientific water management
The water management of science is to ensure one of direct seading rice colony quality and the key technology of yield.After planting, according to
Weather condition, fine day should pour water in time, can carry out envelope field water storage rainy days, and water level is filled, stored to ridge face in ditch, keep ridge face wet
Profit；After rice grows to 3 leaf, 1 heart, keep ditch in water level more than half；When the total seedling number of rice tillering reaches 300,000 plants/acre of left sides
When right, water level drains into 1/3 or less water level in furrow, carries out dry field, while effectively controlling rice ineffective tillering, promotes root system deep
It pricks, after dry field, fills water storage in time, water irrigating depth is that water level is higher than ridge face 5cm or so, according to climate condition, to prevent rice
The high temperature and drought weather of Later growth enhances paddy drought resistance, can improve in right amount water-storage depth to 20cm or so in rainy season；Milking maturity
In later period phase, ditch is interior to keep half moisture, and the maturity period drains harvest in time, and carries out shining ground, convenient for lower stubble nonirrigated farmland late autumn work
Object ridging farming.
6) disease pest and weed is prevented and treated
After planting, herbicide is applied in time according to weed species, the diseases such as attention control damping-off, rice blast, planthopper,
The insect pests such as snout moth's larva.During direct seading rice is paid special attention to prevent and treat weeds in field, weeds and rice symbiosis, prevention and treatment not only influences water too early
Rice growth, and the later period will also carry out secondary prevention and treatment, increase cost, prevent and treat too late, control efficiency is bad.Direct seading rice grows to 3
When~5 leaf, with the rice herbicides special such as penoxsuam, grain width with double, weeding, weeding are carried out in such a way that cauline leaf is spraying
The bad field of effect targetedly selects related herbicide to carry out benefit and kills, to improve rice weeding effect, before herbicide sprays
Guarantee on the face of ridge without ponding layer as far as possible.
7) rational application of fertilizer
Mechanization ridge culture direct seading rice applies fertilizer according to 8kg purity nitrogen per acre, 4kg phosphorus pentoxide, 6.4kg potassium oxide, wherein
Nitrogen application divides base manure and top dressing, is given by 7:3；Phosphate fertilizer is disposably applied as base, and potash fertilizer divides base manure and top dressing, by 5:
5 are given, and to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, are reduced and are lost, and top dressing Dressing date is rice ear sprouting period, and uniformly imposes on ridge face
On, the weaker field of fertility can increase dose in right amount.
8) mature harvest: when rice yellow complete ripeness rate is up to 95% or more, glume turns yellow, and seed is hardened, golden yellow full, selects fine
It is harvested in time.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
1) modern agricultural machinery key technology is sufficiently used, mechanization degree, plantation efficiency are high, and simple and easy, abridged edition is efficient, easily
In popularization and application.
2) it controls convenient for paddy field moisture, using soil itself capillary absorption, water consumpation is carried out scientific and efficient
Regulation, improve direct seading rice emergence rate, effectively solve the problems, such as field be short of seedling, high seedling；Tiller is controlled, the effective fringe of rice is improved
And the percentage of earbearing tiller；Promote root system to prick deeply, increase root/shoot ratio, enhances lodging resistance in rice ability；Water storage in ditch is carried out using the rainy day, is saved
While cost, enhance Rice Drought Resistence ability.
3) effectively delay Water-saving Rice crops for rotation and need water contradiction, especially rice field-upland field rotation mode, need water particularly thorny
In the case of, mechanization in dryland ridge culture live streaming can be directly carried out, is after planting poured water in right amount again, ahead of time the rice growing phase, effectively
Alleviate large plantation family, concentration water and crops for rotation contradiction in agribusiness's large area planting process.
4) mechanization ridge culture live streaming increases wet rice cultivation layer thickness of soil, promotes soil fertility and fertilizer utilization efficiency,
It changes tradition and puts down and make rice field ecidio-climate environment, greatly reduce pest and disease damage, realize rice field weight-reducing, subtract medicine, protect agriculture
Field ecological environment；By the mode that ridge culture is buried, accelerate Straw decomposing speed, realize the efficient returning to the field of crop material full dose, increases
Strong soil sustainable utilization ability.
5) under the premise of not increasing extra cost investment, be conducive to carry out rice field plant breeding model, can carry out planting on ridge
Rice, the interior cultivation fish of furrow, duck etc., greatly improves paddy field cultivation benefit, realizes the production of rice field green breeding ecological efficient.
6) cultivation technique proposed by the invention improves direct seading rice emergence rate 15.4% compared with traditional planting patterns
~32.5%, mu volume increase 2%~21.4%, mu abridged edition increases income 273.6~311.2 yuan.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is rice ridge culture live streaming efficient cultivation method structural schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is rice ridge culture live streaming efficient cultivation method schematic illustration provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, is not used to limit
The fixed present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, rice ridge culture provided in an embodiment of the present invention live streaming efficient cultivation method the following steps are included:
S101: variety selection: selection is suitable for that local the resistance to of plantation is flooded, high-quality, high-yield rice kind；
S102: mechanization ridge culture: after preceding crop harvest, under certain Soil Moisture, carry out mechanization ridge culture, adopt
With micro- rotation mode, guarantee that ridge face is smooth；
S103: it seed treatment: before sowing, chosen seeds, basked seeds and dressing seed to rice paddy seed；
S104: sowing: after preceding stubble vernal crop diversity harvest, before first arrival in April by the end of May and planting early enough, seeding method use people
Work or the mode of machinery are planted on the face of ridge；
S105: scientific water management: after planting, keeping compartment face wet, and according to weather conditions, the rainy day closes furrow in time,
Appropriate water storage, fine day are poured water in right amount in time；It according to rice field tillering seedling number, drains in time, effectively control rice ineffective tillering,
And promote root growth, increase root/shoot ratio, improves lodging tolerance；
S106: disease pest and weed prevention and treatment: after planting, herbicide, attention control damping-off, rice are applied in time according to weed species
The diseases such as seasonal febrile diseases, the insect pests such as planthopper, snout moth's larva；
S107: the rational application of fertilizer: the fertilising of ridge culture direct seading rice is according to 8kg purity nitrogen per acre, 4kg phosphorus pentoxide, 6.4kg oxidation
Potassium, wherein nitrogen application divides base manure and top dressing, is given by 7:3；Phosphate fertilizer disposably as base apply, potash fertilizer divide base manure and
Top dressing is given by 5:5, is uniformly imposed on the face of ridge, and the weaker field of fertility can increase dose in right amount；
S108: maturation harvest: rice yellow complete ripeness rate selects fine day to harvest in time up to 95% or more.
Application principle of the invention is further described combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1:
Implement
1) variety selection
Selection is suitable for local the high-quality of plantation, high-yield rice kind " Chongqing perfume 203 ".
2) mechanization ridge culture
It is double using the micro- rotation of the rotary tillage after repacking in moisture content water 70% or so after preceding stubble late autumn vegetables dish harvest
Row ridge culture machine, mating 904 tractor of Dongfanghong carry out mechanization ridging, 75~80cm of ridge face width, the wide 40~45cm of furrow, furrow
Deep 25~30cm, the inclination angle Gou Po are 25 °~30 °, it is ensured that ridge face is smooth.
3) seed treatment
Before sowing, it is watered using Tebuconazole imidacloprid suspension seed-coating agent 3ml+20ml and mixes seed rice 1kg processing, vernalization to dew
Seed dressing is sowed for airing 6 hours or so after white.
4) it sows
It is seeded in progress on April 20,3 row rice, paddy rice row is broadcast live by the way of being manually broadcast live in seeding method on the face of ridge
Away from for 30cm, hill spacing 18cm, every bunch planting kind 3~4.
5) scientific water management
After planting, third day carries out envelope ridge irrigation water, pours water to ridge face, guarantees that water consumpation is not less than ridge face 5cm after emergence.
After rice grows to 3 leaf, 1 heart, keep ditch in water level more than half, when the total seedling number of tiller reaches 300,000 plants/acre or so, furrow
Interior water level drains into 1/3 or less water level, carries out dry field, while effectively controlling rice ineffective tillering, after dry field, pours water in time,
Pour water to the above 5cm in ridge face or so；In later period milk stage, ditch is interior to keep half moisture, and the maturity period drains harvest in time, goes forward side by side
Row shines ground, is convenient for lower stubble nonirrigated farmland vernal crop diversity ridging farming.
6) disease pest and weed is prevented and treated
After planting, when direct seading rice grows to 3~5 leaf, with grain width with double rice herbicides special, using the spraying side of cauline leaf
Formula carries out weeding, and the bad field of herbicidal effect targetedly selects related herbicide to carry out benefit and kills.Jointing stage, mu is with 25%
Buprofezin wettable powder 50g carries out planthopper prevention and treatment；Boot stage, mu prevent and treat rice blast with 20% tricyclazole wettable powder 80g
Disease.
7) rational application of fertilizer
Ridge culture direct seading rice applies fertilizer according to 8kg purity nitrogen per acre, 4kg phosphorus pentoxide, 6.4kg potassium oxide, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer is applied
With base manure and top dressing is divided, given by 7:3；Phosphate fertilizer is disposably applied as base, and potash fertilizer divides base manure and top dressing, is carried out by 5:5
It gives, uniformly imposes on the face of ridge.
8) mature harvest
Rice yellow complete ripeness rate selects fine day to harvest in time up to 95% or more.
Test result shows: for table 1 it is found that 4 kinds of rice Main Cultivation modes, ridge culture live streaming cost input is minimum, and only 415
Member/mu improves rice seedling rate 15.4%~32.5% compared with tradition live streaming, and cost-saving synergistic is realized in mu volume increase 21.4%
259.3 first；Compared with seedling transplanting, yield is increased slightly, and cost substantially reduces, and 225~285 yuan of mu save the cost, abridged edition increases
Receive 273.6~311.2.
1 rice different planting performance analysis table of table
Note: paddy price is based on 2.76 yuan/kilogram of market purchasing price.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modification within mind and principle, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method, which is characterized in that the mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice is high
Imitate cultural method the following steps are included:
1) variety selection: selecting the resistance to of suitable planting to flood, high-quality, high-yield rice kind；
2) mechanization ridge culture: after preceding crop harvest, under Soil Moisture, carry out mechanization ridge culture, using micro- rotation mode；
3) it seed treatment: before sowing, chosen seeds, basked seeds and dressing seed to rice paddy seed；
4) sow: after preceding stubble vernal crop diversity harvest, before first arrival in April by the end of May and planting early enough, seeding method are used manually or mechanically
Mode be planted on the face of ridge；
5) scientific water management: after planting, keep compartment face wet, according to weather conditions, the rainy day closes furrow in time, appropriate to store
Water, fine day are poured water in right amount in time；It according to rice field tillering seedling number, drains, effectively control rice ineffective tillering, and promotes in time
Root growth increases root/shoot ratio, improves lodging tolerance；
6) disease pest and weed is prevented and treated: after planting, applying herbicide in time according to weed species；
7) rational application of fertilizer: ridge culture direct seading rice applies fertilizer according to 8kg purity nitrogen per acre, 4kg phosphorus pentoxide, 6.4kg potassium oxide,
In, nitrogen application divides base manure and top dressing, is given by 7:3；Phosphate fertilizer is disposably applied as base, and potash fertilizer divides base manure and top dressing,
It is given, is uniformly imposed on the face of ridge by 5:5, the weaker field of fertility can increase dose in right amount；
8) mature harvest: rice yellow complete ripeness rate selects fine day to harvest in time up to 95% or more.
2. mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2), make
To be preferred, mechanization ridging standard 75~80cm of ridge face width, the wide 40~45cm of furrow, the deep 25~30cm of furrow, the inclination angle Gou Po is
25 °~30 °, soil is in semi-solid state or fluid state is suitable for mechanization ridging farming；Preceding crop stalk needs to crush
Available stalk crasher carry out straw chopping and returning.
3. mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 3), be
Direct seading rice seedling stage diseases and pests are effectively prevent, seed mixes seed rice 1kg with Tebuconazole imidacloprid suspension seed-coating agent 3ml+20ml water,
Seed soaking or vernalization are dressed seed airing 6~8 hours and can be sowed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
4. mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 4), ridge
3 row rice, line-spacing 30cm are manually or mechanically broadcast live on face, hill spacing is 16~18cm, every bunch planting kind 3~4；It broadcasts sowing according to every
1.2~1.5 kgs/acre of uniform broadcastings of mu are in ridge face.
5. mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 5), broadcast
After kind, keep ridge face wet, fine day should pour water in time, carry out envelope field water storage rainy days, and water level, which fills, in ditch stores to ridge face, and rice is long
To after 3 leaf, 1 heart, keep ditch in water level more than half；When the total seedling number of rice tillering reaches 300,000 plants/acre, water level in furrow
1/3 or less water level is drained into, dry field is carried out, while effectively controlling rice ineffective tillering, root system is promoted to prick deeply；After dry field, and
When fill water storage, water irrigating depth is that water level is higher than ridge face 5cm or so；In later period milk stage, ditch is interior to be kept for half moisture, maturity period
Draining harvest in time, and carry out shining ground.
6. mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 6), directly
When broadcasting rice and growing to 3~5 leaf, with the rice herbicides special such as penoxsuam, grain width with double, in such a way that cauline leaf is spraying into
Row weeding.
7. mechanization ridge culture direct sowing of rice efficient cultivation method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 7), base
Before fertile Dressing date is ridging farming, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in entire field, top dressing Dressing date is rice ear sprouting period, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in
Ridge face.
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| CN109757148A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-17 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | A kind of paddy field with ponded water in winter agricultural machinery enters field and sink prevention method |
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| CN115380783A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-11-25 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Cold region rice stable-yield cultivation method |
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