CN110122231A - A kind of transplanting rice field exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide - Google Patents
A kind of transplanting rice field exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide Download PDFInfo
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- CN110122231A CN110122231A CN201910524650.9A CN201910524650A CN110122231A CN 110122231 A CN110122231 A CN 110122231A CN 201910524650 A CN201910524650 A CN 201910524650A CN 110122231 A CN110122231 A CN 110122231A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
A kind of transplanting rice field exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide, comprising: leveling paddy field, and pour water or drain, keep 2~3cm of water depth；Rice seedling is transplanted into paddy field；It after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice seedling, is poured water for the second time, keeps 4~6cm of water depth, keep 7~10d of number of days；It spreads fertilizer over the fields in auxiliary agent to paddy field；It carries out third time to pour water, keeps 8~10cm of water depth；It is fallen naturally to moisture in paddy field dry, after the completion of rice tillering, pour water for the 4th time into paddy field, 3~5cm of water depth is kept, until rice is mature；This method is combined using water management with charcoal, water-retaining agent, have effectively achieved zero use of transplanting rice field chemical herbicide, the sprouting of weeds in paddy field can be efficiently controlled simultaneously, reduce the harm of weeds, it ensure that the production of crop, the generation of herbicide resistance, the destruction of the ecological balance are avoided, can achieve the purpose that exempt to apply chemical herbicide and effectively prevention and control weeds and leads to the underproduction because of damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging the defects of.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Rice Cropping technical field, exempt from the control grass for applying chemical herbicide more particularly to a kind of transplanting rice field
Method.
Background technique
China's farmland weed hazard ratio is more serious, it has also become influences the one of the major reasons of per unit area yield and total yield.Rice is for I
The most important cereal crops of state, sown area account for a quarter of national cereal crops, and yield accounts for more than half.Weed infestation one
It is directly a key factor for influencing yield and quality of rice.Survey data shows that there are about 100 for China rice field common weed type
Kind, year 15000000 hm2 or so of occurring area, and show occurring area expand year by year, weed population succession quickening, resistant weed
The features such as quickly growing.
The generation of current prevention and treatment paddy field weed, the main means using chemical herbicide and the biological prevention and control of cooperation.Water
Rice field uses " envelope one is killed " and " envelope two is killed " herbicidal methods, exactly takes first closing primary, then spraying with chemical herbicide
Herbicide is once and twice.One envelope mainly uses, and will sow after seed rice vernalization, and uses phonetic third grass of 40% benzyl per acre in after planting 2-4d
Amine 120g is watered 60kg even spraying compartment face.Benzyl 〃 dichloro, bentazone, cyhalofop-butyl, penoxsuam may be selected in two medicaments killed
Deng progress cauline leaf process, it is necessary to it is allowed to dry water in field before accomplishing spray, 2d fills shoaling layer after spray, and be retained 5d or so.It is a large amount of to use
Pesticide different degrees of pollution can all be caused to environment, the residue in crops can cause damages to people and animals, spray
When spilling application people and animals are also be easy to cause with different degrees of deleterious effects, with the enhancing of weeds disease resistance, would have to increase
Dosage or increase application times and a variety of drugs are administered simultaneously, this just increases pollution and harm, forms vicious circle.
Agronomic measures, which are that one kind is effective, controls one of careless approach.Reasonable crop rotation and a mixed interplanting are shown to weeds in field
Apparent inhibiting effect；The no-tillage community diversity that can increase weeds, improving straw mulching can reduce weed density and biomass；It applies
Influence of the fertilizer to weeds is different because of the difference such as crop species, dose and fertilizer type, and long-run equilibrium fertilising can reduce weeds
Density increases diversity of weed community；Under water management measure, the low water level in rice field is more advantageous to the growth of weeds, high water level
Rice under Condition is in competitive advantage, can inhibit the generation of weeds.Some weed seeds are not easy to sprout under flooding condition, keep
Deep water can control and be drowned barnyard grass and other non-heavy water type gramineae weeds.In transplanting rice field, 10- is kept for a long time after rice transplanting
20cm water layer can mitigate barnyard grass and the harm of other gramineae weeds.Rice field can also be significantly reduced miscellaneous by rice field-upland field rotation management
Careless density inhibits weed growth.Therefore, irrigating and improve natural precipitation utilization efficiency is to increase effective way of dry crop yield
Diameter, but it is noted that its suitability degree, with prevention and control weeds to a certain extent, and carries out deep water management in specific time in paddy field and also can
Enough generations for effectively controlling certain weeds, but it is noted that its suitability degree, manages because carrying out deep water in specific time in paddy field
It can cause damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.Rice damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging includes when flooding (submergence) completely and being partially flooded with (partial submergence)
Damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.The former refers to that rice strain is submerged completely, i.e., influence of the drowned waterflooding to rice growth, the latter refers to the big of rice strain
Part trophophyll is flooded influence when not having to rice growth.So transplanting rice field does not find one kind yet and passes through water at present
It is in charge of reason, can achieve the purpose that exempt to apply chemical herbicide and effectively prevention and control weeds and causes because of damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging the defects of
The method of the underproduction.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide it is a kind of can achieve the purpose that exempt to apply chemical herbicide and effectively prevention and control weeds and
It avoids that the transplanting rice field of the underproduction is caused to exempt to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide because of damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging the defects of,.
A kind of transplanting rice field exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide, comprising the following steps:
Draining is filled for the first time, flattens paddy field, and pour water or drain, and keeps 2~3cm of water depth；
Transplanting, by rice paddy seed after vernalization, sowing, seedling resulting shoot transplanting equipment into paddy field；
It pours water, after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice seedling, is poured water for the second time into paddy field for the second time, holding water depth 4~
6cm keeps 7~10d of number of days；
Auxiliary agent is spread fertilizer over the fields, the auxiliary agent includes charcoal and environment-friendly type water keeping agent, is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields to after pouring water for the second time
In paddy field；
Third time is poured water, and is carried out third time in the paddy field after auxiliary agent to spreading fertilizer over the fields and is poured water, keeps 8~10cm of water depth；
Pour water for 4th time, fallen naturally after moisture in the paddy field after pouring water for the third time it is dry, after the completion of rice tillering, Xiang Shui
Pour water for the 4th time in rice field, 3~5cm of water depth is kept, until rice is mature.
In one of the embodiments, in the step of transplanting, rice shoot is the rice shoot of 3 leaf, 1 heart, and Transplanting Density is
(18cm × 22cm)~(22cm × 28cm).
In one of the embodiments, in the step of transplanting, rice paddy seed is selected from agriculture perfume (or spice) 32, agriculture perfume (or spice) 45, Huang Hua
Account for, the excellent Hua Zhanzhong in day any one tillering regularity be advanced stage rice varieties.
In one of the embodiments, in described the step of spreading fertilizer over the fields auxiliary agent, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of the charcoal is 10~20kg/
Mu, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of the environment-friendly type water keeping agent are 10~20kg/ mus.
The charcoal prepares shape after low temperature pyrogenation under oxygen-free environment by agricultural raw material in one of the embodiments,
At the agricultural raw material includes one of Animal manure, rice hulls, peanut shell, cornstalk or trees waste material or a variety of.
The environment-friendly type water keeping agent is carboxymethyl starch grafted propylene acid, 2- acrylamide-in one of the embodiments,
The water-retaining agent of 2- methyl propane sulfonic acid, or be wheat-bran fiber element and humic acid composite environment-friendly type water-retaining agent.
The step of third time is poured water in one of the embodiments, specifically:
Third time is poured water, and is carried out third time in the paddy field after auxiliary agent to spreading fertilizer over the fields and is poured water, keeps 8~10cm of water depth,
Holding number of days is 10~20d, so that moisture falls dry, promotion rice tillering naturally in paddy field.
In one of the embodiments, specifically includes the following steps:
Draining is filled for the first time, flattens paddy field, and pour water or drain, and keeps 2~3cm of water depth；
Transplanting, by the Huang Huazhan rice paddy seed in tillering regularity evening, resulting 3 leaf, 1 heart rice shoot is moved after vernalization, sowing, seedling
It plants into paddy field；
It pours water, after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice seedling, is poured water for the second time into paddy field for the second time, holding water depth 5~
6cm keeps 7~8d of number of days；
Auxiliary agent is spread fertilizer over the fields, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields 14~16kg/ mus and 14~16kg/ of environment-friendly type water keeping agent mus of charcoal to through second
In paddy field after pouring water；
Third time is poured water, and is carried out third time in the paddy field after auxiliary agent to spreading fertilizer over the fields and is poured water, keeps 9~10cm of water depth,
Keep 10~12d of number of days；
Pour water for 4th time, fallen naturally after moisture in the paddy field after pouring water for the third time it is dry, after the completion of rice tillering, Xiang Shui
Pour water for the 4th time in rice field, 3~5cm of water depth is kept, until rice is mature.
In one of the embodiments, specifically includes the following steps:
Draining is filled for the first time, flattens paddy field, and pour water or drain, and keeps 2~3cm of water depth；
Transplanting, accounts for rice paddy seed resulting 3 leaf, 1 heart rice shoot after vernalization, sowing, seedling for the excellent China in day in tillering regularity evening
Transplanting is into paddy field；
It pours water, after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice seedling, is poured water for the second time into paddy field for the second time, holding water depth 4~
5cm keeps 7~8d of number of days；
Auxiliary agent is spread fertilizer over the fields, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields 10~12kg/ mus and 10~12kg/ of environment-friendly type water keeping agent mus of charcoal to through second
In paddy field after pouring water；
Third time is poured water, and is carried out third time in the paddy field after auxiliary agent to spreading fertilizer over the fields and is poured water, keeps 8~9cm of water depth, protect
Hold 14~16d of number of days；
Pour water for 4th time, fallen naturally after moisture in the paddy field after pouring water for the third time it is dry, after the completion of rice tillering, Xiang Shui
Pour water for the 4th time in rice field, 3~5cm of water depth is kept, until rice is mature.
In one of the embodiments, specifically includes the following steps:
Draining is filled for the first time, flattens paddy field, and pour water or drain, and keeps 2~3cm of water depth；
Transplanting moves fragrant 32 rice paddy seeds of the agriculture in tillering regularity evening resulting 3 leaf, 1 heart rice shoot after vernalization, sowing, seedling
It plants into paddy field；
It pours water, after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice seedling, is poured water for the second time into paddy field for the second time, holding water depth 5~
6cm keeps 7~8d of number of days；
Auxiliary agent is spread fertilizer over the fields, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields 17~20kg/ mus and 17~20kg/ of environment-friendly type water keeping agent mus of charcoal to through second
In paddy field after pouring water；
Third time is poured water, and is carried out third time in the paddy field after auxiliary agent to spreading fertilizer over the fields and is poured water, keeps 9~10cm of water depth,
Keep 18~20d of number of days；
Pour water for 4th time, fallen naturally after moisture in the paddy field after pouring water for the third time it is dry, after the completion of rice tillering, Xiang Shui
Pour water for the 4th time in rice field, 3~5cm of water depth is kept, until rice is mature.
Above-mentioned transplanting rice field exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide, is combined using water management with charcoal, water-retaining agent
Method have effectively achieved zero use of transplanting rice field chemical herbicide, while the sprouting of weeds in paddy field can be efficiently controlled,
The germination rate for greatly reducing weeds in field reduces the harm of weeds, ensure that the production of crop；Saving water measurement is saved
Field is artificial, while avoiding the generation of herbicide resistance, the destruction of the ecological balance etc., the adjusting of rice field microenvironment is also contributed
It is huge, effectively achieve the purpose that weeds sustainable management；It can achieve the purpose that exempt to apply chemical herbicide and effectively prevention and control weeds,
Being avoided that again leads to the underproduction because of damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging the defects of.
Specific embodiment
In order to be more clear the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention, with reference to embodiments, the present invention is carried out
It is further described.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only used to more fully understand technology of the invention
Scheme is not intended to limit the present invention.
A kind of transplanting rice field exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide, comprising the following steps:
Draining is filled for the first time, flattens paddy field, and pour water or drain, and keeps 2~3cm of water depth；
Transplanting, by rice paddy seed after vernalization, sowing, seedling resulting shoot transplanting equipment into paddy field；
It pours water, after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice seedling, is poured water for the second time into paddy field for the second time, holding water depth 4~
6cm keeps 7~10d of number of days；
Auxiliary agent is spread fertilizer over the fields, the auxiliary agent includes charcoal and environment-friendly type water keeping agent, is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields to after pouring water for the second time
In paddy field；
Third time is poured water, and is carried out third time in the paddy field after auxiliary agent to spreading fertilizer over the fields and is poured water, keeps 8~10cm of water depth；
Pour water for 4th time, fallen naturally after moisture in the paddy field after pouring water for the third time it is dry, after the completion of rice tillering, Xiang Shui
Pour water for the 4th time in rice field, 3~5cm of water depth is kept, until rice is mature.
This transplanting rice field exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide, is combined using water management with charcoal, water-retaining agent
Method has effectively achieved zero use of transplanting rice field chemical herbicide, while can efficiently control the sprouting of weeds in paddy field, greatly
The earth reduces the germination rate of weeds in field, reduces the harm of weeds, ensure that the production of crop；Saving water measurement saves field
Between it is artificial, while avoiding the generation of herbicide resistance, the destruction of the ecological balance etc., the adjusting of rice field microenvironment also contributed huge
Greatly, effectively achieve the purpose that weeds sustainable management；Can achieve the purpose that exempt to apply chemical herbicide and effectively prevention and control weeds and
Being avoided that leads to the underproduction because of damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging the defects of.
In one of the embodiments, in the step of transplanting, rice shoot is the rice shoot of 3 leaf, 1 heart, and Transplanting Density is
(18cm × 22cm)~(22cm × 28cm).
In one of the embodiments, in the step of transplanting, rice paddy seed is selected from agriculture perfume (or spice) 32, agriculture perfume (or spice) 45, Huang Hua
Account for, the excellent Hua Zhanzhong in day any one tillering regularity be advanced stage rice varieties.
In one of the embodiments, in described the step of spreading fertilizer over the fields auxiliary agent, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of the charcoal is 10~20kg/
Mu, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of the environment-friendly type water keeping agent are 10~20kg/ mus.
The charcoal prepares shape after low temperature pyrogenation under oxygen-free environment by agricultural raw material in one of the embodiments,
At the agricultural raw material includes one of Animal manure, rice hulls, peanut shell, cornstalk or trees waste material or a variety of.
The environment-friendly type water keeping agent is carboxymethyl starch grafted propylene acid, 2- acrylamide-in one of the embodiments,
The water-retaining agent of 2- methyl propane sulfonic acid, or be wheat-bran fiber element and humic acid composite environment-friendly type water-retaining agent.
The step of third time is poured water in one of the embodiments, specifically:
Third time is poured water, and is carried out third time in the paddy field after auxiliary agent to spreading fertilizer over the fields and is poured water, keeps 8~10cm of water depth,
Holding number of days is 10~20d, so that moisture falls dry, promotion rice tillering naturally in paddy field.
It is illustrated below with specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1
The excellent China in day in tillering regularity evening is accounted for into accelerating germination of rice seed, is sowed, seedling, until 3 leaf, 1 heart；
2) the rice shoot machine transplanting of rice of step 1) is transplanted into paddy field, Transplanting Density is 20cm × 25cm；
3) paddy field carries out filling draining for the first time in step 2), and water depth keeps shallow water, 2cm；
4) it after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice (2-3 days), pours water into rice field, keeps water layer 4cm, 7d；
5) after step 4, charcoal 10kg/ mus and natural water-retaining agent 10kg/ mus of environment-friendly type of addition is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields；
6) after step 5, third time is carried out into rice field and is poured water, water layer 8cm, 15d are kept；
7) moisture is fallen dry naturally, promotes rice tillering；
8) after the completion of tiller, pour water for the 4th time into rice field, water layer 3cm is kept, until rice is mature.
Embodiment 2
By the Huang Huazhan accelerating germination of rice seed in tillering regularity evening, sowing, seedling, until 3 leaf, 1 heart；
2) rice shoot of step 1) is manually transplanted into paddy field, Transplanting Density is 20cm × 25cm；
3) paddy field carries out filling draining for the first time in step 2), and water depth keeps shallow water, 3cm；
4) it after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice (2-3 days), pours water into rice field, keeps water layer 5cm, 10d；
5) after step 4, charcoal 15kg/ mus and natural water-retaining agent 15kg/ mus of environment-friendly type of addition is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields；
6) after step 5, third time is carried out into rice field and is poured water, water layer 10cm, 10d are kept；
7) moisture is fallen dry naturally, promotes rice tillering；
8) after the completion of tiller, pour water for the 4th time into rice field, water layer 3cm is kept, until rice is mature.
Embodiment 3
By fragrant 32 accelerating germination of rice seed of the agriculture in tillering regularity evening, sowing, seedling, until 3 leaf, 1 heart；
2) rice shoot of step 1) is manually transplanted into paddy field, Transplanting Density is 20cm × 25cm；
3) paddy field carries out filling draining for the first time in step 2), and water depth keeps shallow water, 3cm；
4) it after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice (2-3 days), pours water into rice field, keeps water layer 5cm, 9d；
5) after step 4, charcoal 20kg/ mus and natural water-retaining agent 20kg/ mus of environment-friendly type of addition is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields；
6) after step 5, third time is carried out into rice field and is poured water, water layer 10cm, 20d are kept；
7) moisture is fallen dry naturally, promotes rice tillering；
8) after the completion of tiller, pour water for the 4th time into rice field, water layer 3cm is kept, until rice is mature.
Embodiment 4
It is verified using indoor pot: by fragrant 32 accelerating germination of rice seed of the agriculture in tillering regularity evening, sowing, seedling, until 3 leaf, 1 heart；
With on the radix of every 3 rice seedlings of basin, transplanting is into the plastic cup equipped with nutrient solution and agar；Different depths are added into plastic cup
It spends water layer (0cm, 3cm, 5cm, 7cm, 10cm, 12cm, 15cm), 10 are spat white barnyard grass seed, are observed daily, keep water layer deep
Degree.After 20d, plant height, the root long, tiller number, fresh weight of agriculture perfume (or spice) 32 are measured；Count barnyard grass strain number and aerial part fresh weight and calculating
Barnyard grass preventive effect.
The following publicity of preventive effect calculates: E=100 × (C-T)/C
In formula: E is fresh weight preventive effect (strain number preventive effect)；C is that 0cm water layer handles weeds aerial part fresh weight (strain number)；T is real
Test a group weeds aerial part fresh weight (strain number)；SPSS software carries out variance analysis.
The results are shown in Table 1 for indoor pot: as shown in Table 1, compared with 0cm, 3cm is from plant height, root long, tiller number, fresh weight
Illustrate the processing of 3cm water layer on paddy growth without influence without significant change on equal economical characters.5cm, 7cm are compared with 10cm
0cm, except plant height improves to some extent, other economical characters without more significant variation, illustrate 5cm, 7cm and 10cm to rice
Growth effect it is little.Compared with 0cm, 12cm and 15cm exist from the economical characters such as plant height, root long, tiller number, fresh weight
Significant change illustrates that the processing of 12cm and 15cm water layer has larger impact to paddy growth.
As shown in Table 2,3cm and 5cm water layer is handled to the strain number preventive effect of barnyard grass between 43.43%-69.25%, right
The fresh weight preventive effect of barnyard grass is poor to the control effect of barnyard grass between 46.11%-69.37%.The processing of 7cm and 10cm water layer
To the strain number preventive effect of barnyard grass between 83.13%-91.2%, to the fresh weight preventive effect of barnyard grass between 83.90%-90.88% it
Between, it is more excellent to the control effect of barnyard grass.The processing of 12cm and 15cm water layer is to the strain number preventive effect of barnyard grass between 95.21%-97.21%
Between, it is optimal to the control effect of barnyard grass to the fresh weight preventive effect of barnyard grass between 96.45%-97.10%.
The data of comprehensive Tables 1 and 2 are it is found that 7-10cm water depth handles existing good Weed control effect, and to rice
Growth has no significant effect.
Influence (20d) of the 1 different in moisture management of table to fragrant 32 economical characters of agriculture
Note: a is under 0.05 level of signifiance.
Preventive effect (20d) of the 2 different water levels depth of table to barnyard grass
Note: a is under 0.05 level of signifiance.
Embodiment 5
It is verified using indoor pot: by the accelerating germination of rice seed in tillering regularity evening, sowing, seedling, until 3 leaf, 1 heart；With every basin
On the radix of 8 rice seedlings, transplanting is into the plastic barrel equipped with 5kg Nutrition Soil；Add in blue plastic tub (1m*1m*1.2m)
Enter 7cm water layer, 50 are spat white barnyard grass seed；3.75g charcoal (2.5kg/ mus) and 3.75g water-retaining agent are added into water layer
(2.5kg/ mus), 7.5g charcoal (5kg/ mus) and 7.5g water-retaining agent (5kg/ mus), 15g charcoal (10kg/ mus) and 15g water conservation
Agent (10kg/ mus), 22.5g charcoal (15kg/ mus) and 22.5g water-retaining agent (15kg/ mus), 30g charcoal (20kg/ mus) and
30g water-retaining agent (20kg/ mus), 45g charcoal (30kg/ mus) and 45g water-retaining agent (30kg/ mus), 60g charcoal (40kg/ mus)
With 60g water-retaining agent (40kg/ mus), compared with not adding charcoal and water-retaining agent；Observation daily keeps water depth.20d
Afterwards, plant height, root long, tiller number, fresh weight that the measurement excellent China in day accounts for；It counts barnyard grass strain number and aerial part fresh weight and calculates barnyard grass
Preventive effect.
The following publicity of preventive effect calculates: E=100 × (C-T)/C
In formula: E is fresh weight preventive effect (strain number preventive effect)；C is 7cm water layer and does not add charcoal and water-retaining agent with handling weeds
Upper part fresh weight (strain number)；T is experimental group weeds aerial part fresh weight (strain number)；SPSS software carries out variance analysis.
The results are shown in Table 3 for indoor pot: compared with not adding with 7cm water layer and charcoal and water-retaining agent processing, 3.75g is raw
Object charcoal (2.5kg/ mus) and 3.75g water-retaining agent (2.5kg/ mus), 7.5g charcoal (5kg/ mus) and 7.5g water-retaining agent (5kg/ mus)
Without significant change from the economical characters such as plant height, root long, tiller number, fresh weight, illustrate to add 3.75g charcoal (2.5kg/
Mu) and 3.75g water-retaining agent (2.5kg/ mu), 7.5g charcoal (5kg/ mus) and (5kg/ mus) of 7.5g water-retaining agent handle and rice given birth to
Length is without influence.15g charcoal (10kg/ mus) and 15g water-retaining agent (10kg/ mus), 22.5g charcoal (15kg/ mus) and 22.5g are protected
Aqua (15kg/ mus), 30g charcoal (20kg/ mus) compare 7cm water layer with 30g water-retaining agent (20kg/ mus) and do not add charcoal
With water-retaining agent processing, except tiller number is without more significant variation, other economical characters improve to some extent, and illustrate 15g biology
Charcoal (10kg/ mus) and 15g water-retaining agent (10kg/ mus), 22.5g charcoal (15kg/ mus) and 22.5g water-retaining agent (15kg/ mus),
30g charcoal (20kg/ mus) and 30g water-retaining agent (20kg/ mus) have certain promotion to the growth of rice.With 7cm water layer and
It does not add charcoal to compare with water-retaining agent, 45g charcoal (30kg/ mus) and 45g water-retaining agent (30kg/ mus), 60g charcoal
(40kg/ mus) and 60g water-retaining agent (40kg/ mus) exist significant from the economical characters such as plant height, root long, tiller number, fresh weight
Inhibiting effect illustrates that 45g charcoal (30kg/ mus) and 45g water-retaining agent (30kg/ mus), 60g charcoal (40kg/ mus) and 60g are protected
(40kg/ mus) of aqua processing have larger negatively influencing to paddy growth.
As shown in Table 4,3.75g charcoal (2.5kg/ mus) and 3.75g water-retaining agent (2.5kg/ mus), 7.5g charcoal
(5kg/ mus) and 7.5g water-retaining agent (5kg/ mus) to the strain number preventive effect of barnyard grass between 52.78%-69.45%, to barnyard grass
Fresh weight preventive effect is poor to the control effect of barnyard grass between 51.94%-69.67%.15g charcoal (10kg/ mus) and 15g
Water-retaining agent (10kg/ mus), 22.5g charcoal (15kg/ mus) and 22.5g water-retaining agent (15kg/ mus), 30g charcoal (20kg/ mus)
And (20kg/ mus) of 30g water-retaining agent processing to the strain number preventive effect of barnyard grass between 78.62%-85.32%, to the fresh weight of barnyard grass
Preventive effect is more excellent to the control effect of barnyard grass between 78.76%-86.25%.45g charcoal (30kg/ mus) and 45g water conservation
Agent (30kg/ mus), 60g charcoal (40kg/ mus) and 60g water-retaining agent (40kg/ mus) to the strain number preventive effect of barnyard grass between
Between 90.31%-93.83%, to the fresh weight preventive effect of barnyard grass between 90.69%-93.33%, to the control effect of barnyard grass
It is optimal.
The data of consolidated statement 3 and table 4 are it is found that 15g charcoal (10kg/ mus) and 15g water-retaining agent (10kg/ mus), 22.5g are raw
At object charcoal (15kg/ mus) and 22.5g water-retaining agent (15kg/ mus), 30g charcoal (20kg/ mus) and 30g water-retaining agent (20kg/ mus)
Manage existing good Weed control effect, and the facilitation certain to paddy growth.
Same amount charcoal and water-retaining agent do not account for the influence (20d) of economical character to the excellent China in day to table 3
Note: a is under 0.05 level of signifiance.
Preventive effect (20d) of the 4 different water levels depth of table to barnyard grass
Note: a is under 0.05 level of signifiance.
Embodiment 6
It is verified using field plot: cell size 5m × 5m, cell ridge high 30cm, wide 30cm；The day in tillering regularity evening
Excellent China accounts for accelerating germination of rice seed, sowing, seedling, until 3 leaf, 1 heart (small transplantation of seedlings) He Siye is wholeheartedly (tree transplanted)；Shoot transplanting equipment
Into paddy field, Transplanting Density is 20cm × 25cm；Water depth keeps shallow water, 3cm, 2-3d；It is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields toward field
562.5g charcoal (15kg/ mus) and 562.5g water-retaining agent (15kg/ mus)；4 flooding depths (no water layer 0cm, water layer 3- are set
5cm, water layer 7-10cm, water layer 12-15cm) and 2 seedling ages (20 day length of time rice seedlings grow of small transplantation of seedlings (one heart stage of three leaves), tree transplanted
30 day length of time rice seedlings grow (one heart stage of four leaves), two Variable Factors；Keep water layer 20d；Processing is as follows:
After 20d, plant height, root long, tiller number, fresh weight that the measurement excellent China in day accounts for；Count barnyard grass strain number and aerial part fresh weight
And calculate barnyard grass preventive effect.The following publicity of preventive effect calculates: E=100 × (C-T)/C
In formula: E is fresh weight preventive effect (strain number preventive effect)；C is one and five weeds aerial part fresh weights (strain number) of processing；T is real
Test a group weeds aerial part fresh weight (strain number)；SPSS software carries out variance analysis.
The results are shown in Table 5 for indoor pot: compared with processing one, handling two from agricultures such as plant height, root long, tiller number, fresh weights
Without significant change in skill character, illustrate that the processing of 3-5cm water layer grows without influence seedling transplanting rice.Processing three is compared to place
Reason one, the economical characters such as plant height, root long, tiller number improve to some extent, and illustrate that 7-10cm has seedling transplanting rice
Certain promotion.Compared with processing one, processing four has certain journey from the economical characters such as plant height, root long, tiller number, fresh weight
The reduction of degree illustrates that the processing of 12-15cm water layer has certain inhibiting effect to seedling paddy growth.Compared with processing five, processing
Six from the economical characters such as plant height, root long, tiller number, fresh weight without significant change, illustrate that the processing of 3-5cm water layer moves seedlings
Growth transplant rice seedlings without influence.Compared to processing five, the economical characters such as plant height, root long, tiller number improve to some extent for processing seven,
Illustrate that 7-10cm has certain promotion to tree transplanted rice.Compared with processing five, eight are handled from plant height, root long, tiller
Equal decrease to some degree on the economical characters such as number, fresh weight illustrates that the processing of 12-15cm water layer has centainly seedlings paddy growth
Inhibiting effect.
As shown in Table 6, the strain number preventive effect of six pairs of barnyard grasses of processing two and processing is between 67.45%-68.83%, to barnyard grass
The fresh weight preventive effect of grass is poor to the control effect of barnyard grass between 67.54%-69.10%.Seven pairs of barnyard grasses of processing three and processing
Strain number preventive effect between 83.09%-86.10%, to the fresh weight preventive effect of barnyard grass between 83.47%-85.68%, barnyard grass is prevented
It is more excellent to control effect.The strain number preventive effect of eight pairs of barnyard grasses of processing four and processing is between 91.61%-94.62%, to the fresh weight of barnyard grass
Preventive effect is optimal to the control effect of barnyard grass between 90.99%-96.45%.
The data of consolidated statement 5 and table 6 are it is found that seven existing good Weed control effects of processing three and processing, and to paddy growth
Certain promotion.
5 different in moisture management of table accounts for the influence (20d) of economical character to the different excellent China in rice shoot day
Note: a is under 0.05 level of signifiance.
Embodiment 7
In May, 2018, in ChangSha, Hunan Province county, field, high bridge town wide field trial (5 mu), the excellent China in day in tillering regularity evening was accounted for
Presprouting of seeds, sowing, seedling, until 3 leaf, 1 heart；By shoot transplanting equipment into paddy field, artificial Transplanting Density is 20cm × 25cm；Water
Layer depth keeps shallow water, 2cm；
Processing 1: after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice (2-3 days), pouring water into rice field, keeps water layer 4cm, 7d；Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields addition life
10kg/ mus and natural water-retaining agent 10kg/ mus of environment-friendly type of object carbon；Continue to pour water into rice field, keeps water layer 8cm, 15d；Moisture is certainly
So fall dry, promotion rice tillering；It after the completion of tiller, pours water into rice field, water layer 3cm is kept, until rice is mature；2 mu
Processing 2: moisture conventional treatment does not play herbicide, not artificial weeding, blank control；1 mu
Processing 3: moisture conventional treatment is affixed by chemical herbicide penoxsuam；2 mu.
Compared with processing 2, the excellent China in day accounts for yield and improves 10.25% per acre for processing 1, and handles the weeds hair in 1 region
Life also greatly reduces, and has reached 94.42% to the control effect of weeds, better than 3 chemical weed control region control effects of processing
93.42%.
Embodiment 8
2 months 2018 in Hainan Province, the farm Nan Bin, Sanya field wide field trial (5 mu), by the agriculture perfume (or spice) 32 in tillering regularity evening
Presprouting of seeds, sowing, seedling, until 3 leaf, 1 heart；For shoot transplanting equipment into paddy field, machine transplanting of rice Transplanting Density is 20cm × 25cm；Water layer
Depth keeps shallow water, 2cm；
Processing 1: after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice (2-3 days), pouring water into rice field, keeps water layer 4cm, 7d；Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields addition life
10kg/ mus and natural water-retaining agent 10kg/ mus of environment-friendly type of object carbon；Moisture falls dry, promotion rice tillering naturally；Continue to fill into rice field
Water keeps water layer 8cm, 20d；It after the completion of tiller, pours water into rice field, water layer 3cm is kept, until rice is mature.
Processing 2: moisture conventional treatment does not play herbicide, not artificial weeding, blank control；1 mu
Processing 3: moisture conventional treatment is affixed by two chloroquine phosphonic acids of chemical herbicide；2 mu.
Processing 1 is compared with processing 2, and agriculture 32 yield of perfume improve 9.42% per acre, and the weeds for handling 1 region occur
Greatly reduce, 96.67% has been reached to the control effect of weeds, better than 3 chemical weed control region control effects 95.42% of processing.
Embodiment 9
2 months 2018 in Hainan Province, the farm Nan Bin, Sanya field wide field trial (5 mu), by the agriculture perfume (or spice) 45 in tillering regularity evening
Presprouting of seeds, sowing, seedling, until 3 leaf, 1 heart；By shoot transplanting equipment into paddy field, artificial Transplanting Density is 20cm × 25cm；Water
Layer depth keeps shallow water, 3cm；
Processing 1: after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice (2-3 days), pouring water into rice field, keeps water layer 5cm, 10d；Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields addition life
15kg/ mus and natural water-retaining agent 15kg/ mus of environment-friendly type of object carbon；Continue to pour water into rice field, keeps water layer 10cm, 10d；Moisture is certainly
So fall dry, promotion rice tillering；It after the completion of tiller, pours water into rice field, water layer 3cm is kept, until rice is mature.
Processing 2: moisture conventional treatment does not play herbicide, not artificial weeding, blank control；1 mu
Processing 3: moisture conventional treatment is affixed by chemical herbicide penoxsuam；2 mu.
Processing 1 is compared with processing 2, and agriculture 45 yield of perfume improve 9.35% per acre, and the weeds for handling 1 region occur
Greatly reduce, 93.29% has been reached to the control effect of weeds, better than 3 chemical weed control region control effects 92.55% of processing.
Embodiment 10
In June, 2018 is widely applied demonstration verifying (100 mu) in ChangSha, Hunan Province county, field, high bridge town, by tillering regularity
Fragrant 32 presproutings of seeds of the agriculture in evening, sowing, seedling, until 3 leaf, 1 heart；The machine transplanting of rice is transplanted into paddy field, Transplanting Density be 20cm ×
25cm；Water depth keeps shallow water, 3cm；It after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice (2-3 days), pours water into rice field, keeps water layer 5cm, 10d；?
It is even to spread fertilizer over the fields biological carbon 15kg/ mus and natural water-retaining agent 15kg/ mus of environment-friendly type of addition；Continue to pour water into rice field, keeps water layer
10cm, 15d；Moisture falls dry, promotion rice tillering naturally；It after the completion of tiller, pours water into rice field, water layer 3cm is kept, until rice
It is mature.It is produced through surveying, agriculture 32 yield of perfume improve 9.0% per acre, have reached 95.37% to the control effect of weeds.
Embodiment 11
In June, 2018 is widely applied demonstration verifying (100 mu) in ChangSha, Hunan Province county, field, orchard town, by tillering regularity
The excellent China in day in evening accounts for presprouting of seeds, sows, seedling, until 3 leaf, 1 heart；Artificial transplanting into paddy field, Transplanting Density be 20cm ×
25cm；Water depth keeps shallow water, 3cm；It after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice (2-3 days), pours water into rice field, keeps water layer 4cm, 10d；?
It is even to spread fertilizer over the fields biological carbon 10kg/ mus and natural water-retaining agent 10kg/ mus of environment-friendly type of addition；Continue to pour water into rice field, keeps water layer
7cm, 20d；Moisture falls dry, promotion rice tillering naturally；It after the completion of tiller, pours water into rice field, water layer 3cm is kept, until rice
It is mature.It is produced through surveying, the excellent China in day accounts for yield and improves 8.49% per acre, has reached 94.86% to the control effect of weeds.
In summary, it may be said that bright water management of the invention, addition charcoal and water-retaining agent combination can not only exempt from applying
Herbicide is learned, and effectively improves rice yield, promotes rice green production, reduces Soil Environmental Pollution, rice is improved and produces
Amount and quality.
The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Limitations on the scope of the patent of the present invention therefore cannot be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to guarantor of the invention
Protect range.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of transplanting rice field exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide, which comprises the following steps:
Draining is filled for the first time, flattens paddy field, and pour water or drain, and keeps 2 ~ 3 cm of water depth；
Transplanting, by rice paddy seed after vernalization, sowing, seedling resulting shoot transplanting equipment into paddy field；
It pours water, after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice seedling, is poured water for the second time into paddy field for the second time, keep 4 ~ 6 cm of water depth,
Keep 7 ~ 10d of number of days；
Auxiliary agent is spread fertilizer over the fields, the auxiliary agent includes charcoal and environment-friendly type water keeping agent, is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields to the rice after pouring water for the second time
In field；
Third time is poured water, and is carried out third time in the paddy field after auxiliary agent to spreading fertilizer over the fields and is poured water, keeps 8 ~ 10cm of water depth；
Pour water for 4th time, fallen naturally after moisture in the paddy field after pouring water for the third time it is dry, after the completion of rice tillering, to paddy field
It is middle pour water for 4th time, 3 ~ 5cm of water depth is kept, until rice is mature.
2. transplanting rice field according to claim 1 exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide, which is characterized in that the transplanting
The step of in, rice shoot be 3 leaf, 1 heart rice shoot, Transplanting Density be (18cm × 22cm) ~ (22cm × 28cm).
3. transplanting rice field according to claim 1 exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide, which is characterized in that the transplanting
The step of in, it is late that rice paddy seed, which is selected from agriculture perfume (or spice) 32, agriculture perfume (or spice) 45, Huang Huazhan, the excellent Hua Zhanzhong in day any one tillering regularity,
The rice varieties of phase.
4. transplanting rice field according to claim 1 exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide, it is characterised in that: described to spread fertilizer over the fields
In the step of auxiliary agent, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of the charcoal is 10 ~ 20kg/ mu, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields of the environment-friendly type water keeping agent for 10 ~
20kg/ mus.
5. transplanting rice field according to claim 4 exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide, it is characterised in that: the biology
Charcoal is prepared after low temperature pyrogenation under oxygen-free environment by agricultural raw material and is formed, and the agricultural raw material includes Animal manure, rice paddy
One of shell, peanut shell, cornstalk or trees waste material are a variety of.
6. transplanting rice field according to claim 4 exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide, which is characterized in that the environmental protection
Type water-retaining agent is the water-retaining agent of carboxymethyl starch grafted propylene acid, 2- acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic, or is wheat-bran fiber
Element and humic acid composite environment-friendly type water-retaining agent.
7. transplanting rice field according to claim 1 exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide, which is characterized in that the third
Secondary the step of pouring water specifically:
Third time is poured water, and is carried out third time in the paddy field after auxiliary agent to spreading fertilizer over the fields and is poured water, keeps 8 ~ 10cm of water depth, keep day
Number is 10 ~ 20d, so that moisture falls dry, promotion rice tillering naturally in paddy field.
8. transplanting rice field described in any one exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide according to claim 1 ~ 7, feature exists
In, comprising the following steps:
Draining is filled for the first time, flattens paddy field, and pour water or drain, and keeps 2 ~ 3 cm of water depth；
Transplanting, by the Huang Huazhan rice paddy seed in tillering regularity evening, resulting 3 leaf, 1 heart shoot transplanting equipment is extremely after vernalization, sowing, seedling
In paddy field；
It pours water, after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice seedling, is poured water for the second time into paddy field for the second time, keep 5 ~ 6 cm of water depth,
Keep 7 ~ 8d of number of days；
Auxiliary agent is spread fertilizer over the fields, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields 14 ~ 16kg/ mus and 14 ~ 16kg/ of environment-friendly type water keeping agent mus of charcoal to after pouring water for the second time
Paddy field in；
Third time is poured water, and is carried out third time in the paddy field after auxiliary agent to spreading fertilizer over the fields and is poured water, keeps 9 ~ 10 cm of water depth, keep
10 ~ 12d of number of days；
Pour water for 4th time, fallen naturally after moisture in the paddy field after pouring water for the third time it is dry, after the completion of rice tillering, to paddy field
It is middle pour water for 4th time, 3 ~ 5cm of water depth is kept, until rice is mature.
9. transplanting rice field described in any one exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide according to claim 1 ~ 7, feature exists
In, comprising the following steps:
Draining is filled for the first time, flattens paddy field, and pour water or drain, and keeps 2 ~ 3 cm of water depth；
Transplanting, accounts for rice paddy seed resulting 3 leaf, 1 heart shoot transplanting equipment after vernalization, sowing, seedling for the excellent China in day in tillering regularity evening
Into paddy field；
It pours water, after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice seedling, is poured water for the second time into paddy field for the second time, keep 4 ~ 5 cm of water depth,
Keep 7 ~ 8d of number of days；
Auxiliary agent is spread fertilizer over the fields, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields 10 ~ 12kg/ mus and 10 ~ 12kg/ of environment-friendly type water keeping agent mus of charcoal to after pouring water for the second time
Paddy field in；
Third time is poured water, and is carried out third time in the paddy field after auxiliary agent to spreading fertilizer over the fields and is poured water, keeps 8 ~ 9 cm of water depth, keep day
14 ~ 16d of number；
Pour water for 4th time, fallen naturally after moisture in the paddy field after pouring water for the third time it is dry, after the completion of rice tillering, to paddy field
It is middle pour water for 4th time, 3 ~ 5cm of water depth is kept, until rice is mature.
10. transplanting rice field described in any one exempts to apply the control grass method of chemical herbicide according to claim 1 ~ 7, feature exists
In, comprising the following steps:
Draining is filled for the first time, flattens paddy field, and pour water or drain, and keeps 2 ~ 3 cm of water depth；
Transplanting, by the agriculture in tillering regularity evening 32 rice paddy seeds of perfume, resulting 3 leaf, 1 heart shoot transplanting equipment is extremely after vernalization, sowing, seedling
In paddy field；
It pours water, after the steady root and stem of certain plants of rice seedling, is poured water for the second time into paddy field for the second time, keep 5 ~ 6 cm of water depth,
Keep 7 ~ 8d of number of days；
Auxiliary agent is spread fertilizer over the fields, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields 17 ~ 20kg/ mus and 17 ~ 20kg/ of environment-friendly type water keeping agent mus of charcoal to after pouring water for the second time
Paddy field in；
Third time is poured water, and is carried out third time in the paddy field after auxiliary agent to spreading fertilizer over the fields and is poured water, keeps 9 ~ 10 cm of water depth, keep
18 ~ 20d of number of days；
Pour water for 4th time, fallen naturally after moisture in the paddy field after pouring water for the third time it is dry, after the completion of rice tillering, to paddy field
It is middle pour water for 4th time, 3 ~ 5cm of water depth is kept, until rice is mature.
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| CN111887115A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-06 | 马鞍山农腾生态农业科技发展有限公司 | Novel organic rice field physical weeding method for guaranteeing yield per unit level |
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Inventor after: Bai Lianyang Inventor after: Li Zuren Inventor after: Zhou Xiaomao Inventor after: Wang Lifeng Inventor after: Peng Qiong Inventor before: Li Zuren Inventor before: Bai Lianyang Inventor before: Zhou Xiaomao Inventor before: Yang Biaoren Inventor before: Liu Licheng |
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Application publication date: 20190816 |