CN104663230A - Method for cultivating mechanized transplanted seedlings of rice by use of organic medium production line in gutter-connected plastic greenhouse - Google Patents
Method for cultivating mechanized transplanted seedlings of rice by use of organic medium production line in gutter-connected plastic greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN104663230A CN104663230A CN201510115744.2A CN201510115744A CN104663230A CN 104663230 A CN104663230 A CN 104663230A CN 201510115744 A CN201510115744 A CN 201510115744A CN 104663230 A CN104663230 A CN 104663230A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0295—Units comprising two or more connected receptacles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/67—Dwarf trees, e.g. bonsai
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating mechanized transplanted seedlings of rice by use of an organic medium production line in a gutter-connected plastic greenhouse. The method comprises the following steps of 1), arrangement of cultivating seedling materials, namely a medium, a seedling disk, a dome-shaped steel-structure plastic film gutter-connected glasshouse facility, and a finishing seedbed; 2), seed treatment, namely choosing seeds, soaking the seeds and accelerating germination; 3), medium treatment and disk loading, namely firstly loading a bottom-layer medium, then seeding, finally covering the seeds with the medium and watering; 4) seeding and bud promotion, namely seeding dry rice and bud rice in each disk, stacking the disks and promoting bud, moisturizing, warming, arranging the disks, and performing atomizing spray, wherein the disk stacking height is 20 layers; and 5) seedling stage management, namely attentively managing the temperature and moisture and controlling diseases. The method has the advantages of good technical effect, obvious social benefit and prominent economical and ecological benefits and the like, and the method has preferable popularization prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the transplanting seedling technical method in rice cropping, particularly relate to the method that blanket machine transplanting of rice rice shoot is cultivated in a kind of greenhouse plastic tunnel organic substrate streamline sowing.Closer to factorial praluction, to save time, saving of labor, laborsaving, seedling speed of emergence is fast, and rice shoot growing way is good, and quality is good, is beneficial to scale seedling.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the second in the world, Asia first, China first cereal crops.Along with the quickening of China's urbanization paces, rural laborer reduces fast, carries out the operation of Rice Production entire mechanization, and realizing rice agriculture modernization is inevitable choice.Other of Rice Production is ploughed, whole, harvesting, even the management link ratio such as Unifying control is easier to realize do mechanization operation, only has rice transplanting link do mechanization operation difficulty larger.The nursery of rice seedling plugged in by machine is the bottleneck realizing Rice Production entire mechanization, is also a scabrous problem, because must be standardized blanket appearance seedling for the rice shoot of the machine transplanting of rice.
The most easy method of current transplanting seedling is the seedling of blanket alms bowl formula non-woven fabrics Small plastic shed Nutrition Soil, all relies on field manual work.Streamline sowing can be introduced, reduce part manual work, enhance productivity.Small plastic shed Nutrition Soil seedling-cultivation technique is formed on paddy drought seedling and water-raised seedling technical foundation, and advantage to meet the basic demand of mechanized planting to rice shoot, invests little, and the suitable seedling of dispersion on a small scale adopts.Shortcoming one is open country poor working environment, mainly by manual work, and effort; Two is that non-woven fabrics Small plastic shed needs to build every year, requires great effort and wastes material; Three is get training to put bed soil and Nutrition Soil, spoiled soil plow layer, weakens land fertility; Four is that seedling bed leveling difficulty is large, and low-lying local ponding is many, and high humidity, impact is emerged.Seedling density is large, and disease easily occurs; Five is that nutrition earth weight is large, and operation is hard, has been not easy to very much seedling, has transported seedling, time-consumingly takes a lot of work, and has certain influence to machine transplanting of rice efficiency.Although invest little, under the condition that current rural laborer lacks, repeat Difficulty.
In order to overcome the shortcoming of Small plastic shed Nutrition Soil seedling, improving operating environment, effectively controlling seedling temp. and humidity, improve seedling production efficiency, the present invention changes non-woven fabrics Small plastic shed for a connection temperature control plastic tunnel, carries out sowing pipelining, uses organic substrate to substitute Nutrition Soil and educate machine transplanting of rice rice shoot.The configuration of connection green house electric-control system, blower fan forced cooling system and high-quality reversal of the natural order of things spray system etc., insulation, rainproof, effectively can control temp. and humidity; Greenhouse span of arch degree 8m, standard width of a room in an old-style house 4m, shoulder height 2.5m, ridge height 4.3m, arch bar are apart from 1m, and close to the environment of plant, adopt streamline sowing, similar factorial praluction, work situation is fundamentally improved, and production efficiency improves greatly, saving of labor, save time, laborsaving; Organic substrate seedling speed of emergence is fast, and rice shoot growing way is good, and quality is good, stronger with rice transplanter adaptability, sends out seedling fast, turns green early.Matrix is lighter than Nutrition Soil, and rice transplanter load is little, and thus mechanical wear is relatively little, and speed of planting is fast, and rice field rate of being short of seedling is lower.Matrix flowing water seedling planting uniformity is good, and rice transplanting hole rate is low.Matrix flowing water rice shoot well developed root system, Bai Genduo, transplants that to hinder root light.The main diseases and insect pests that also can occur according to local seeding stage is admixed insecticide and bactericide in matrix, prevention seedling stage diseases and pests, reduces the artificial of seedling stage diseases and pests control, and is with medicine to transplant, integrate with field period Unifying control.Although investment is comparatively large, to raising rice planting technology seedling infrastructure level, improves work situation at all, reduce labour intensity, improve the quality of seedlings and production efficiency, promote that scale seedling etc. has important realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide an one connection greenhouse plastic tunnel organic substrate streamline and educate strengthening seedling of rice machine, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
(1) seedling material and facility
1. matrix: pH value 5.5 ~ 6.5, N, P, K nutrient balance, organic more than 30%, humic acid more than 8%, material is stablized, is no longer carried out secondary fermentation, containing short surplus matter and enzyme, without weed seed.The insecticide, the bactericide that are mixed with prevention seedling stage diseases and pests can be added, the special medicated fertilizer of rooting promoter and trace element, to cultivate the healthy and strong rice shoot of the applicable machine transplanting of rice and to reduce the artificial of seedling stage diseases and pests control in organic substrate.
2. seedling dish: blanket plate rice breeding hard disk, the degree of depth 2.5 ~ 3 centimetres, specification 58 × 28 centimetres, 648 caves (36 × 18), reusable seedling dish, uses front 0.2% potassium permanganate solution or first frost, dislikes the sterilization in 30 minutes of mould clever 1000 times of immersions bubble seedling dish.
3. facility: build dome-shaped steel structural plastic film connection a greenhouse insulation, rainproof facility, greenhouse span of arch degree 8 meters, connect across; The standard width of a room in an old-style house 4 meters; Shoulder height (sky bottom of trench is at the bottom of post) 2.5 meters; 4.3 meters, ridge high (vault is at the bottom of post); Arch bar is apart from 1.0 meters, and length, the width in greenhouse are determined according to connecting across number and standard width of a room in an old-style house quantity, and can adjust according to site condition, electric-control system, blower fan forced cooling system and high-quality that configuration and greenhouse area adapt hang upside down spray system etc.And configure 1, Full-automatic rice seedling planting streamline.The seedling of temperature control row plastic linked greenhouse is due to facility and Mechanization Level raising, the management of more convenient operation and temperature control, the annual trouble preparing or lay the facility such as Small plastic shed and seedbed can be avoided, be conducive to the working environment improving labourer, increase work efficiency and production efficiency, thus make labourer be ready all to do same work every year, because field work is worked relative to factory, people are more willing to be intended to factory work.
4. finishing seedbed: flatten neat seedbed, table soil is in small, broken bits, and bed surface is smooth, and seedbed sharpness of border is neat, and be conducive to saving the area and managing, seedbed and booth surrounding carry out drain ditch, and maintenance and peripheral drain ditch communicate, and guarantee that seedbed draining is unimpeded.With fine earth mix fenaminosulf medicine soil 6 grams every square spread fertilizer over the fields canopy room floor or with fenaminosulf 600 times of liquid spray faced by canopy room floor carry out disinfection.
(2) seed treatment
1. choose seeds, soak seed: sort seed by salt water (every 1 kg of water adds 20 grams of salt) or clear water seed selection.Winnow with salt solution or clear water, point floating, heavy two parts, (separating) vernalization respectively, point dish sowing, make same dish seedling growth align mutually.Must fully eluriate in time or rinse after sorting seed by salt water, salinity be removed clean.For sprout term diseases such as the water prevention rice bakanae disease, in 100 kg of water, add 300 grams of copper sulphate while seed selection or 50 gram of 25% Prochloraz is mixed thoroughly, 100 kilograms can be soaked seed, soak seed and within 24 hours, pull clear water out and rinse.
2. vernalization: seed puts into full-automatic steam fountain rice seed germination accelerating machine vernalization 15 hours after suctioning moisture, seed breaks chest and to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally taking-up, and airing adds Fludioxonil and metaiaxy (5 milliliters) dressing 1 kilogram of ratio without dripping by sharp victory (5 milliliters) and can sow.Also the practicable gulch seed through chemicals treatment or dressing is directly sowed without vernalization.
(3) matrix treatments and sabot
1. matrix treatments: loose matrix, abolish the extruding caking transporting and cause.Can be used alone organic substrate nursery, also can add self-control special fertilizer for seedling culture and mix nursery thoroughly.
2. sabot: sabot bottom matrix 2.0 ~ 2.5 centimetres, can not lower than 2 centimetres, otherwise easily dehydration, packing power is not enough needed for the machine transplanting of rice, more than 2.5 centimetres of added cost, there is no need; Lid kind of thick 0.5 cm of matrix, is advisable not reveal seed, too thick Yi Jiegai of emerging.Keep naturally fluffy, the surfacing of matrix, thickness even.The sabot of lid kind of matrix after planting to be completed by the funnel of the 3rd on streamline below completing.
Full-automatic rice seedling planting streamline has 3 funnels, has Shower tap between first funnel and second funnel.The sabot of organic substrate divides bottom matrix and lid kind of matrix twice sabot, completes under first respectively on seedling planting streamline and the 3rd funnel.Below sow and complete under streamline second funnel.Namely first fill bottom matrix, rear sowing, finally by matrix lid kind, completes whole sabot, seeding process.
3. water: first time waters very crucial, must irrigate, water foot, otherwise impact is germinateed, water water quality standard and after sowing streamline injection point, have a small amount of water droplet very soon with seedling dish and fall and be advisable.First time waters the Shower tap of sufficient water after sowing streamline first funnel and automatically sprays and watered, and later seeding process no longer waters permeable, notably ensures the water source supply watered.
(4) sowing and short bud
1. seeding quantity: in conjunction with yield target, strong seedling standard, seedling age elasticity and the factor such as machine transplanting of rice effect and breediness, often coils seeding quantity gulch about 75 grams, about 100 grams, bud paddy.Each seedling dish 648 cave, 75 grams of gulch kinds have more than 2800 seed-grain (thousand kernel weight about 26 grams), the average seeding quantity in every cave about 4.5 seed-grains, can ensure that every cave is emerged more than 3 strains.
2. seeding accuracy: in sowing hub disk, grain is evenly distributed, and require strict, the precision of sowing directly has influence on the distribution of rice shoot, thus the leakage cave rate having influence on that machine plants.
3. code-disc urgees bud, moisturizing, heats: sow and complete under second funnel on streamline.On streamline, lid kind of matrix is finally added a cover after completing planting seed.Seedling dish after lid kind is piled up immediately in booth, and the width being code-disc with the length of seedling dish, stacks length and do not limit, and laterally, two dishes longitudinally, pile up into groined type to two dishes, and height is advisable with 20 times of the seedling dish degree of depth, namely piles up 20 layers.If two row are piled up simultaneously, between dish and dish, want 10 centimetres, interval, be beneficial to enough oxygen supply seed sproutings.Pile up while use plastic sheeting for farm use covering and heat insulating when piling up, heap top layer can with seedling dish left-hand thread atop, prevent hyperthermal injury bud, thermometer is put on downward 30 centimetres of heap top, maximum temperature more than 32 DEG C, must not be strictly on guard against that high temperature burns bud, can add booth and ventilate during high temperature, or lower the temperature at things that shelters from heat or light such as the old cartons of heap top covering, do not open the moisture film cooling wrapped on heap.When not carrying out code-disc vernalization, layer of non-woven fabric insulation can be covered in seedling panel surface before rice seedling, or cover the insulation of one deck mulch film, moisturizing, before overlay film, put a bamboo bar in card every 50 ~ 60 centimetres, in case plastic sheeting for farm use paste bed soil causes vexed kind, remove in time after the neat seedling of rice shoot.
4. balance, atomizing spray: will balance be carried out when rice sprout all sprouts substantially in seedling dish, first mulch film on seedling dish lower berth during balance, preventing from affecting packing because pricking under seedling root, noting the minor face of seedling dish outside during balance, ajusting, put neat, pendulum is tight.After seedling dish is put, will soon be arid because moisture loss is too fast, timely moisturizing, the shower nozzle be atomized with reversal of the natural order of things spraying system carries out spray and waters, irrigation amount falls with fragmentary water droplet of having tried to get to the heart of a matter and is as the criterion, can't broad irrigation and excessive watering and cause matrix nutrient loss, keeps moistening.
(5) seedling management
1. temperature treatment: before emerging, daytime maintains substrate temperature at 25 ~ 30 DEG C, is not less than 15 DEG C evening; Maintain the lower bound of thermophilic after emerging to a leaf phase temperature, particularly night, temperature should get the lower bound management of thermophilic, to control seedling excessive growth, to promote strong sprout; Rice shoot one leaf one heart stage to the two leaf phase, appropriate should maintain the upper limit of thermophilic depending on weather condition fine day, to prevent the generation of bacterial wilt; Two leaves are with backsight transplanting time limit, and the needs according to short control manage accordingly.
2. water management: keep surface matrix drying to see white after top soil of emerging, prevent surface matrix from luming and form " headkerchief ", cause seedling growth uneven.Matrix all should be kept whole seedling stage moistening, and keep water content of substrate 65% ~ 70%, hardening also excessively can't control water.Lack of water index: morning, blade tip had guttation under normal circumstances, as loseed the normal guttation of blade tip, should the water of teeming in time.
3. disease control: Rice Seedling Culture Under Dry Condition transplanting, damping off is my ground seedling biggest obstacle, if it is low to meet temperature during seedling, temperature difference fluctuation is large, the damping off incidence of disease will be high, should rely mainly on prevention, based on early anti-, early control, when the best way is streamline sowing, while watering end water, first frost is put in water, dislike mould spirit or vertical withered clean dilution 1000 times of medicaments, with water-band medicine, the generation of damping off is prevented from source, if sowing is watered be not with medicament, in the balance dusk on the same day, dislike mould spirit with first frost or found withered clean 1500 times of liquid and carry out foliar spray, after 3 ~ 4 days, leaf wholeheartedly to a two leaf one heart stage first frost is disliked mould spirit or is found withered clean 1500 times of liquid and carries out watering root, transplant (three leaves wholeheartedly) to spray once in order to upper medicament+" good fortune dagger-axe 8g+ likes seedling 10ml/15kg water " again for first 3 ~ 5 days, band medicine is transplanted, to prevent damping off, oriental sesame leaf pinta and striped rice borer, improve seedling quality, promote turn green and tiller, and integrate with the Unifying control of field period damage by disease and insect.When organic substrate process, if add be mixed with prevention seedling blight first frost, dislike mould spirit or vertical withered clean special medicated fertilizer, can save three leaves wholeheartedly before chemoprophylaxis work, only need within 3 ~ 5 days before transplanting, like seedling 10ml/15kg water spray once with good fortune dagger-axe 8g+, to transplant with medicine, integrate with the Unifying control of field period.
4. rich water quality management: very well equipped, manage appropriate situation under, generally do not need supplementary nutrient, if it is excessive to water, in the situations such as broad irrigation, likely de-fertile phenomenon occur.When the yellowing of leaf look, poor growth, at this moment will give rice shoot supplementary fertilizer.Available seedling strengthen agent often coils consumption 8 ~ 10 grams or mixes with ammonium sulfate (3 grams/dish)+potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1 gram/dish)+zinc sulphate (0.25 gram/dish) enoughly sees wet fine earth, mixes thoroughly and spreads fertilizer over the fields on seedling dish, then scrape seedling leaf with bamboo pole, make fertilizer drop down onto root and water permeable.Depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings several days posterior lobe looks still partially light, decrement can execute again once, during supplementary fertilizer, water the suitable multiple spot of rate of water make-up.
Adopt the beneficial effect of the technical program:
(1) Advantageous Effects: because the present invention uses temperature control green house organic matter to instead of Small plastic shed Nutrition Soil, seedbed is put in the training that do not need to fetch earth on the spot, whole " workshop " seedling bed is consistent, temp. and humidity is controlled, be easy to job management, efficiently solve technical problem or the deficiency of Small plastic shed Nutrition Soil seedling existence.Organic substrate seedling speed of emergence is fast, and seedling-growing time does sth. in advance about 2 days than conventional seedling, and rice shoot growing way is good, and quality is good, stronger with rice transplanter adaptability, sends out seedling fast, turns green early.Matrix is lighter than Nutrition Soil, and rice transplanter load is little, and thus mechanical wear is relatively little, and speed of planting is fast, and rice field rate of being short of seedling is lower.Matrix seedling planting uniformity is good, and rice transplanting hole rate is low.Matrix rice shoot well developed root system, Bai Genduo, transplants that to hinder root light.The main diseases and insect pests that also can occur according to local seeding stage is admixed insecticide and bactericide in matrix, prevention seedling stage diseases and pests, reduces the artificial of seedling stage diseases and pests control, and is with medicine to transplant, integrate with field period Unifying control.
(2) useful social effect: the present invention has batch production feature; the management and control such as handled easily and greenhouse; and introduce sowing streamline; can effectively reduce labor intensity; reduce working feature, improve work situation, raise labour efficiency and production efficiency; guarantee completing of transplanting nursery task object, thus remove the trouble and worry of transplanting production.In addition owing to using organic matter to instead of ordinary nutritional soil, batch production is in conjunction with organic substrate seedling, and organic substrate is more native than ordinary nutritional light, the problem of " nutrition earth weight is large; operation is hard, has been not easy to very much seedling, has transported seedling, time-consuming take a lot of work " that effectively can overcome that Small plastic shed seedling exists.And one of industrial sprout cultivation modern mark that is Rice Production; general by the enterprise implement possessing considerable strength; effectively can promote the transfer of rural laborer; it is applied and meets Requirements of Market Economy Development, is conducive to promoting service on agricultural machinery, agricultural moderate mass operation and getting agricultural profit.
(3) useful ecological effect: compare with Small plastic shed seedling, the present invention uses has matrix to instead of common Nutrition Soil, and seedbed is put in the training that do not need to fetch earth on the spot, and the consumption of matrix seedling to topsoil has obvious minimizing, plays a very good protection to farmland.Using organic matter as matrix, can reduce agricultural chemicals, Fertilizer application amount, protect farmland environment, ecological effect is better.
(4) useful economic effect:
1. obvious effect of increasing production:
The present invention adopts blanket alms bowl formula seedling hard disk.This dish specification 58 × 28 centimetres (0.1624 ㎡), 648 caves (36 × 18) are reusable seedling dish.Every mu of land for growing field crops needs this plate seedling raising 20 to coil, and can insert 12960 nests.Every nest (cave) has rice shoot 3-4 strain, every mu of rice transplanting seedling 38880 strain to 51840 strain, and every strain can increase more than tillered nursery plant 4 strain newly, and every mu can form more than Basic Seedling=38880+155520 strain=194400 strain, can reach at most more than 210,000 strain Basic Seedlings.Effective fringe of more than at least 18 ten thousand plants/acre can be formed, for high yield establishes Basic Seedling basis.
On September 20th, 2013, the rice shoot adopting the present invention and Small plastic shed Nutrition Soil seedling two kinds of modes to be bred as to two excellent 585 in gingko village, Tuan Xi town is planted with field, Zunyi County agriculture and animal husbandry bureau relevant expert is invited to carry out field investigation and surveyed product on the spot: the present invention's 6.0/fringe more than the many 2.9 ten thousand/mu of the highest seedling of Nutrition Soil seedling, spike length 0.7 centimetre, the always many 7.2/fringes of grain number, examples explain, theoretical survey product 603.7 kgs/acre, increase production 7.9 kgs/acre, amplification 1.3%.
On September 25th, 2014, in gingko village, Tuan Xi town to planting with field by fragrant excellent 2115 rice shoots adopting the present invention and Small plastic shed Nutrition Soil seedling two kinds of seedling raising methods to be bred as, agriculture and animal husbandry bureau relevant expert is invited to carry out field investigation and surveyed product on the spot: the present invention's 7.0/fringe more than the many 0.2 ten thousand/mu of Nutrition Soil seedling Basic Seedling, spike length 1.2 centimetres, the always many 8.0/fringes of grain number, examples explain, theoretical survey product 612.5 kgs/acre, increase production 29.3 kgs/acre, amplification 5.0%.
2. abridged edition increasing benefit is remarkable:
The present invention every mu needs 648 cave seedling-cultivation plates 20 to coil, and takes up an area=0.1624 ㎡ × 20=3.248 ㎡.500 mu of lands for growing field crops need seedling 10000 to coil, and only need plastic greenhouse seedbed 1624 ㎡, add the occupations of land such as streamline seeding operation, always need the plastic greenhouse of about 1800 ㎡, be about 2.7 mu, every mu of rice shoot can plant 185 mu, land for growing field crops.Compare with field Small plastic shed Nutrition Soil seedling, about 5% can be saved the area.Booth seedbed can be used for planting vegetable etc. after June, and can reuse for a long time, utilization ratio is high.
Through the Test Summary of 2 years 500 mu of scales, adopt a connection green house streamline sowing seedling, the seedling totle drilling cost 149 yuan of every mu 20 dish 648 cave seedling dishes; The totle drilling cost adopting field non-woven fabrics Small plastic shed streamline sowing Nutrition Soil seedling every mu of land for growing field crops seedling seedling is 182 yuan.Both compare, and the saving of seedling of the present invention, on saving of labor, province's fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, increases cost in the input of organic substrate.Seedling of the present invention is than Nutrition Soil seedling, and every mu of unit of the seedling saving of labor 0.7*100=70 with seedling, fertilizer and pesticide-poor 13 yuan, matrix drops into increase by 100 liters of * 0.5=50 units.On average every mu of seedling with seedling reduces input 33 yuan, and rice shoot uses every mu of increasing both production and income 22 ~ 87 yuan, and always increase income 55 ~ 120 yuan, cost-saving synergistic is remarkable.
In sum: the present invention possesses skills effective, the advantage such as social benefit is obvious, Economic and ecological effects is remarkable, has good promotion prospect.
Embodiment
Strengthening seedling of rice machine educated by an one connection greenhouse plastic tunnel organic substrate streamline of the present invention, and its embodiment is as following " seedling of Guizhou Zhuo Hao agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd 500 mu of mechanized planting seedlings " embodiment:
(1) rice transplanting plan is educated
I mainly contains rape, vegetables and wheat etc. by rice field, ground winter crops, and winter is made hybrid rape seed in rice field, Zhuo Hao agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd base, Guizhou, and namely preceding crop is rape.Rape can complete results in the first tenday period of a month in May, plans accordingly to complete in the first tenday period of a month in May to the last ten-days period to play field and rice transplanting.According to the scale of 500 mu, the seedling of three phases can be divided, be arranged in respectively and April 10, April 20 and April 30 start seedling.Through 27 days from seed selection, seed soaking, during May 30, completed rice transplanting May 7, be convenient to reasonable adjustment, and ensure that the length of time rice seedlings grow best.Seedling preparation requires to complete before April 10.
(2) condition prepares
1. fund prepares: every mu of land for growing field crops transplanting seedling totle drilling cost about 149 yuan (comprises seed, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, organic substrate, special medicated fertilizer, seedling dish and labor wage, not containing the investment in fixed assets such as plastic greenhouse Implement Construction or lease, sowing streamline, full-automatic steam fountain rice seed germination accelerating machine), 500 mu of transplanting nursery should be prepared enough 500 mu × 149 yuan/mu=74500 yuan circulating funds and be used for self-organization seedling.If entrusted management model, 20% also should be improved as the administration fee of concrete carrier and profit.
2. personnel arrangement: the seedling of 500 mu of land for growing field crops seedlings needs skilled person 3 ~ 4 people, and wherein director 1 people must be very familiar to this seedling-cultivation technique.Following preparation transfers to director to organize preparation, and fund hands over it to use.
3. organic substrate prepares: every 20 seedling-cultivation plates need organic substrate 100 liters, 500 mu of needs, 50000 liters of (about more than 5 tons) organic substrates, needs to buy from matrix producer in advance.Buy 5 tons, make transplanting special medicated fertilizer by oneself because there being company and supplement.Require in advance loose matrix, abolish the extruding caking transporting and cause.Can be used alone organic substrate nursery, also can add self-control special fertilizer for seedling culture and mix nursery thoroughly.Matrix treatments should be carried out stand-by.
4. join a green house: 2840 ㎡ using Zhuo Hao agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd's breeding scientific base, Guizhou built join a green house, wherein reserved 1800 more than ㎡ areas are used as rice planting technology nursery.
5. streamline and Germinator is sowed: the seedling planting streamline that use company has purchased and full-automatic steam fountain rice seed germination accelerating machine.
6. seedling dish prepares: purchase 648 caves and reuse 10000, seedling dish.Should be more for subsequent use.
7. seed preparation: the hybrid seed needing the hybrid rice variety of seedling by the 1.5 kilograms of preparations of every mu of land for growing field crops seedling kind, 500 mu always with planting 750 kilograms.Prepare enough seed.
8. fertilizer, agricultural chemicals prepare: fenaminosulf, salt, copper sulphate, Prochloraz, sharp victory, Fludioxonil and metaiaxy, first frost, dislike the seedling process such as mould spirit, vertical withered clean, Fu Ge, love seedling, seedling strengthen agent, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc sulphate need, require that seedling personnel need to calculate according to seedling scale in advance and purchase preparation.
9. finishing seedbed: 500 mu of seedling with seedling, at least needs 1624 ㎡ greenhouse seedbeds, should do finishing as requested in advance and prepare for subsequent use.
10. other prepare: seed selection, seed soaking, comprise bubble kind tool demands prepare in advance.
(3) seed treatment
1. choose seeds, soak seed: according to seedling plan, 500 mu with the seed selection of kind 750 kilograms of average mark three phases, seed soaking, each issue 250 kilograms.With 25 kilograms of Plastic Drums 2,500 grams of salt are watered the seed selection that 25 kilograms can complete rapidly 250 kilograms of seed-grains in batches, point floating, heavy two kinds, rinse in time, removed by salinity clean with clear water, separated in the pond of seed soaking; Be watered 250 kilograms with 750 grams of copper sulphate, depending on floating, heavy breeding seed number, pour in seed soaking pond, soak seed and within 24 hours, pull clear water out and rinse, wait vernalization.Also seed soaking can be mixed thoroughly with 25% Prochloraz.
2. vernalization: seed puts into full-automatic steam fountain rice seed germination accelerating machine vernalization 15 hours after suctioning moisture, seed breaks chest and to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally taking-up, and airing adds Fludioxonil and metaiaxy (5 milliliters) dressing 1 kilogram of ratio without dripping by sharp victory (5 milliliters) and can sow.Also the practicable gulch seed through chemicals treatment or dressing is directly sowed without vernalization.
(4) sabot, water, sow and add a cover matrix
Use Full-automatic rice seedling planting streamline, first fill bottom matrix, bottom matrix 2.0 ~ 2.5 centimetres, can not lower than 2 centimetres; Sufficient water is watered after bottom medium in tray; Sowing, in guarantee dish, grain is evenly distributed; Add a cover lid kind of matrix, thick 0.5 cm, is advisable not reveal seed.Require in strict accordance with guidelines.
(5) code-disc urgees bud, moisturizing, heats
Seedling dish after lid kind is piled up immediately in booth, and the width being code-disc with the length of seedling dish, stacks length and do not limit, and laterally, two dishes longitudinally, pile up into groined type to two dishes, and height is advisable with 20 times of the seedling dish degree of depth, namely piles up 20 layers.If two row are piled up simultaneously, between dish and dish, want 10 centimetres, interval, be beneficial to enough oxygen supply seed sproutings.Pile up while use plastic sheeting for farm use covering and heat insulating when piling up, heap top layer can with seedling dish left-hand thread atop, prevent hyperthermal injury bud, thermometer is put on downward 30 centimetres of heap top, maximum temperature more than 32 DEG C, must not be strictly on guard against that high temperature burns bud, can add booth and ventilate during high temperature, or lower the temperature at things that shelters from heat or light such as the old cartons of heap top covering, do not open the moisture film cooling wrapped on heap.When not carrying out code-disc vernalization, layer of non-woven fabric insulation can be covered in seedling panel surface before rice seedling, or cover the insulation of one deck mulch film, moisturizing, before overlay film, put a bamboo bar in card every 50 ~ 60 centimetres, in case plastic sheeting for farm use paste bed soil causes vexed kind, remove in time after the neat seedling of rice shoot.
(6) balance, atomizing spray
Will balance be carried out when rice sprout all sprouts substantially in seedling dish, first mulch film on seedling dish lower berth during balance, and prevent from affecting packing because pricking under seedling root, noting the minor face of seedling dish outside during balance, ajusting, put neat, pendulum is tight.After seedling dish is put, will soon be arid because moisture loss is too fast, timely moisturizing, the shower nozzle be atomized with reversal of the natural order of things spraying system carries out spray and waters, irrigation amount falls with fragmentary water droplet of having tried to get to the heart of a matter and is as the criterion, can't broad irrigation and excessive watering and cause matrix nutrient loss, keeps moistening.
(7) seedling management
1. temperature treatment: before emerging, daytime maintains substrate temperature at 25 ~ 30 DEG C, is not less than 15 DEG C evening; Maintain the lower bound of thermophilic after emerging to a leaf phase temperature, particularly night, temperature should get the lower bound management of thermophilic, to control seedling excessive growth, to promote strong sprout; Rice shoot one leaf one heart stage to the two leaf phase, appropriate should maintain the upper limit of thermophilic depending on weather condition fine day, to prevent the generation of bacterial wilt; Two leaves are with backsight transplanting time limit, and the needs according to short control manage accordingly.
2. water management: keep surface matrix drying to see white after top soil of emerging, prevent surface matrix from luming and form " headkerchief ", cause seedling growth uneven.Matrix all should be kept whole seedling stage moistening, and keep water content of substrate 65% ~ 70%, hardening also excessively can't control water.Lack of water index: morning, blade tip had guttation under normal circumstances, as loseed the normal guttation of blade tip, should the water of teeming in time.
3. disease control: Rice Seedling Culture Under Dry Condition transplanting, damping off is my ground seedling biggest obstacle, if it is low to meet temperature during seedling, temperature difference fluctuation is large, the damping off incidence of disease will be high, should rely mainly on prevention, based on early anti-, early control, when the best way is streamline sowing, while watering end water, first frost is put in water, dislike mould spirit or vertical withered clean dilution 1000 times of medicaments, with water-band medicine, the generation of damping off is prevented from source, if sowing is watered be not with medicament, in the balance dusk on the same day, dislike mould spirit with first frost or found withered clean 1500 times of liquid and carry out foliar spray, after 3 ~ 4 days, leaf wholeheartedly to a two leaf one heart stage first frost is disliked mould spirit or is found withered clean 1500 times of liquid and carries out watering root, transplant (three leaves wholeheartedly) to spray once in order to upper medicament+" good fortune dagger-axe 8g+ likes seedling 10ml/15kg water " again for first 3 ~ 5 days, band medicine is transplanted, to prevent damping off, oriental sesame leaf pinta and striped rice borer, improve seedling quality, promote turn green and tiller, and integrate with the Unifying control of field period damage by disease and insect.When organic substrate process, if add be mixed with prevention seedling blight first frost, dislike mould spirit or vertical withered clean special medicated fertilizer, can save three leaves wholeheartedly before chemoprophylaxis work, only need within 3 ~ 5 days before transplanting, like seedling 10ml/15kg water spray once with good fortune dagger-axe 8g+, to transplant with medicine, integrate with the Unifying control of field period.
4. rich water quality management: very well equipped, manage appropriate situation under, generally do not need supplementary nutrient, if it is excessive to water, in the situations such as broad irrigation, likely de-fertile phenomenon occur.When the yellowing of leaf look, poor growth, at this moment will give rice shoot supplementary fertilizer.Available seedling strengthen agent often coils consumption 8 ~ 10 grams or mixes with ammonium sulfate (3 grams/dish)+potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1 gram/dish)+zinc sulphate (0.25 gram/dish) enoughly sees wet fine earth, mixes thoroughly and spreads fertilizer over the fields on seedling dish, then scrape seedling leaf with bamboo pole, make fertilizer drop down onto root and water permeable.Depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings several days posterior lobe looks still partially light, decrement can execute again once, during supplementary fertilizer, water the suitable multiple spot of rate of water make-up.
(8) at the suitable machine transplanting of rice length of time rice seedlings grow: calculate from sowing, the length of time rice seedlings grow is generally 18 ~ 25 days, three leaves wholeheartedly seedling, the high 13 ~ 20cm of rice shoot can plant in rice field for rice transplanter.
Claims (2)
1. educate a strengthening seedling of rice machine with a connection greenhouse plastic tunnel organic substrate streamline, it is characterized in that: the method step of employing: 1) seedling material and facility, 2) seed treatment, 3) matrix treatments and sabot, 4) sow and short bud, 5) seedling management; Be described below:
1) seedling material and facility
1. matrix: organic more than 30%, humic acid more than 8%, pH value 5.5 ~ 6.5, N, P, K nutrient balance, material is stablized, is no longer carried out secondary fermentation, containing short surplus matter and enzyme, without weed seed, the insecticide, the bactericide that are mixed with prevention seedling stage diseases and pests is added, the special medicated fertilizer of rooting promoter and trace element, to meet nutrition in seedling stage and to reduce damage by disease and insect in organic substrate;
2. seedling dish: blanket plate rice breeding hard disk, the degree of depth 2.5 ~ 3 centimetres, specification 58 × 28 centimetres, 648 caves that is 36 × 18, reusable seedling dish, before using with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution or first frost, dislike mould clever 1000 times of immersions bubble seedling dish and sterilize for 30 minutes;
3. facility: build dome-shaped steel structural plastic film connection a green house, insulation, rainproof facility, greenhouse span of arch degree 8 meters, connect across; The standard width of a room in an old-style house 4 meters; Shoulder height is at the bottom of day bottom of trench distance post, is 2.5 meters; Ridge height is at the bottom of vault distance post, is 4.3 meters; Arch bar is apart from 1.0 meters, and length, the width in greenhouse are determined according to connecting across number and standard width of a room in an old-style house quantity, and according to site condition adjustment, electric-control system, blower fan forced cooling system and high-quality that configuration and greenhouse area adapt hang upside down spray system; And configure 1, Full-automatic rice seedling planting streamline;
4. finishing seedbed: smooth seedbed, table soil is in small, broken bits, and bed surface is smooth, and seedbed sharpness of border is neat, and seedbed and booth surrounding carry out drain ditch, and maintenance and peripheral drain ditch communicate, and make seedbed draining unimpeded; With fine earth mix fenaminosulf medicine soil 6 grams every square spread fertilizer over the fields canopy room floor or with fenaminosulf 600 times of liquid spray in the face of canopy room floor sterilize;
2) seed treatment
1. choose seeds, soak seed: i.e. every 1 kg of water of sorting seed by salt water adds 20 grams of salt or clear water seed selection; Winnow with salt solution or clear water, point floating, heavy two parts, respectively, separate vernalization, point dish sowing, same dish seedling growth is aligned mutually; Must fully eluriate in time or rinse after sorting seed by salt water, salinity be removed clean; For sprout term diseases such as the water prevention rice bakanae disease, in 100 kg of water, add 300 grams of copper sulphate while seed selection or 50 gram of 25% Prochloraz is mixed thoroughly, 100 kilograms can be soaked seed, soak seed and within 24 hours, pull clear water out and rinse;
2. vernalization: seed puts into full-automatic steam fountain rice seed germination accelerating machine 15 hours after suctioning moisture, seed breaks chest and to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally taking-up, and airing adds Fludioxonil and metaiaxy 5 milliliters without dripping by sharp victory 5 milliliters, and dressing 1 kilogram of ratio can be sowed; Or implementation is directly sowed without vernalization through the gulch seed of chemicals treatment or dressing;
3) matrix treatments and sabot
1. matrix treatments: loose matrix, abolish the extruding caking transporting and cause, can be used alone organic substrate nursery, or add self-control special fertilizer for seedling culture and mix nursery thoroughly;
2. sabot: sabot bottom matrix 2.0 ~ 2.5 centimetres, can not lower than 2 centimetres, otherwise easily dehydration, packing power is not enough needed for the machine transplanting of rice, more than 2.5 centimetres of added cost; Lid kind of thick 0.5 centimetre of matrix, is advisable not reveal seed, too thick Yi Jiegai of emerging; Keep naturally fluffy, the surfacing of matrix, thickness even; The sabot of lid kind of matrix after planting to be completed by the funnel of the 3rd on streamline below completing;
Full-automatic rice seedling planting streamline has 3 funnels, has Shower tap between first funnel and second funnel; The sabot of organic substrate divides bottom matrix and lid kind of matrix twice sabot, completes under first respectively on seedling planting streamline and the 3rd funnel; Sowing completes under streamline second funnel; Namely first fill bottom matrix, rear sowing, finally by matrix lid kind, completes whole sabot, seeding process;
3. water: first time waters very crucial, must irrigate, water foot, otherwise impact is germinateed, water water quality standard after sowing streamline injection point, to have a small amount of water droplet very soon with seedling dish and fall and be advisable, first time waters the Shower tap of sufficient water after sowing streamline first funnel and automatically sprays and watered, and later seeding process no longer waters permeable;
4) sowing and short bud
1. seeding quantity: in conjunction with yield target, strong seedling standard, seedling age elasticity and machine transplanting of rice effect and breediness factor, often coil seeding quantity gulch 75 grams, 100 grams, bud paddy, each seedling dish 648 cave, 75 grams of gulch kinds have more than 2800 seed-grain, thousand kernel weight about 26 grams, the average seeding quantity in every cave about 4.5 seed-grains, ensure that every cave is emerged more than 3 strains;
2. seeding accuracy: in sowing hub disk, grain is evenly distributed, and the precision of sowing directly has influence on the distribution of rice shoot, thus has influence on the leakage cave rate that machine plants;
3. code-disc urgees bud, moisturizing, heats: sow and complete under second funnel on streamline; On streamline, lid kind of matrix is finally added a cover after completing planting seed; Seedling dish after lid kind is piled up immediately in booth, and the width being code-disc with the length of seedling dish, stacks length and do not limit, and laterally, two dishes longitudinally, pile up into groined type to two dishes, and height is advisable with 20 times of the seedling dish degree of depth, namely piles up 20 layers; Two row are piled up simultaneously, want 10 centimetres, interval between dish and dish, are beneficial to enough oxygen supply seed sproutings; Pile up while use plastic sheeting for farm use covering and heat insulating when piling up, heap top layer can with seedling dish left-hand thread atop, prevent hyperthermal injury bud, thermometer is put on downward 30 centimetres of heap top, maximum temperature more than 32 DEG C, must not be strictly on guard against that high temperature burns bud, can add booth and ventilate during high temperature, or lower the temperature at things that shelters from heat or light such as the old cartons of heap top covering, do not open the moisture film cooling wrapped on heap; When not carrying out code-disc vernalization, before rice seedling, cover layer of non-woven fabric insulation in seedling panel surface, or cover the insulation of one deck mulch film, moisturizing, before overlay film, put a bamboo bar in card every 50 ~ 60 centimetres, in case plastic sheeting for farm use paste bed soil causes vexed kind, remove in time after the neat seedling of rice shoot;
4. balance, atomizing spray: will balance be carried out when rice sprout all sprouts substantially in seedling dish, first mulch film on seedling dish lower berth during balance, prevents from affecting packing because pricking under seedling root, during balance, the minor face of seedling dish is outside, ajust, put neat, pendulum is tight; After seedling dish is put, will soon be arid because moisture loss is too fast, timely moisturizing, the shower nozzle be atomized with reversal of the natural order of things spraying system carries out spray and waters, irrigation amount falls with fragmentary water droplet of having tried to get to the heart of a matter and is as the criterion, can't broad irrigation and excessive watering and cause matrix nutrient loss, keeps moistening;
5) seedling management
1. temperature treatment: before emerging, daytime maintains substrate temperature at 25 ~ 30 DEG C, is not less than 15 DEG C evening; Maintain the lower bound of thermophilic after emerging to a leaf phase temperature, particularly night, temperature should get the lower bound management of thermophilic, to control seedling excessive growth, to promote strong sprout; Rice shoot one leaf one heart stage to the two leaf phase, appropriate should maintain the upper limit of thermophilic depending on weather condition fine day, to prevent the generation of bacterial wilt; Two leaves are with backsight transplanting time limit, and the needs according to short control manage accordingly;
2. water management: keep surface matrix drying to see white after top soil of emerging, prevent surface matrix from luming and form " headkerchief ", cause seedling growth uneven;
Matrix all should be kept whole seedling stage moistening, and keep water content of substrate 65% ~ 70%, hardening also excessively can't control water; Lack of water index: morning, blade tip had guttation under normal circumstances, as loseed the normal guttation of blade tip, should the water of teeming in time;
3. disease control: Rice Seedling Culture Under Dry Condition transplanting, damping off is the maximum disease of my ground seedling, if it is low to meet temperature during seedling, temperature difference fluctuation is large, the damping off incidence of disease will be high, should rely mainly on prevention, based on early anti-, early control, when the best way is streamline sowing, while watering end water, first frost is put in water, dislike mould spirit or vertical withered clean dilution 1000 times of medicaments, with water-band medicine, the generation of damping off is prevented from source, if sowing is watered be not with medicament, in the balance dusk on the same day, dislike mould spirit with first frost or found withered clean 1500 times of liquid and carry out foliar spray, after 3 ~ 4 days, leaf wholeheartedly to a two leaf one heart stage first frost is disliked mould spirit or is found withered clean 1500 times of liquid and carries out watering root, transplant i.e. three leaves and wholeheartedly within first 3 ~ 5 days, like seedling 10ml/15kg water spray once in order to upper medicament+good fortune dagger-axe 8g+ again, band medicine is transplanted, to prevent damping off, oriental sesame leaf pinta and striped rice borer, and integrate with the Unifying control of field period damage by disease and insect, when organic substrate process, add the first frost being mixed with prevention seedling blight, dislike mould spirit or vertical withered clean special medicated fertilizer, can save three leaves wholeheartedly before chemoprophylaxis work, only need within 3 ~ 5 days before transplanting, like seedling 10ml/15kg water spray once with good fortune dagger-axe 8g+, to be with medicine to transplant, integrate with the Unifying control of field period,
4. rich water quality management: very well equipped, manage appropriate situation under, generally do not need supplementary nutrient, if it is excessive to water, in the situations such as broad irrigation, likely de-fertile phenomenon occur; When the yellowing of leaf look, poor growth, at this moment will give rice shoot supplementary fertilizer; Often coil consumption 8 ~ 10 grams with seedling strengthen agent or mix with 0.25 gram, ammonium sulfate 3 grams/dish+potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 gram/dish+zinc sulphate/dish and enoughly see wet fine earth, mix thoroughly and spread fertilizer over the fields on seedling dish, then scrape seedling leaf with bamboo pole, make fertilizer drop down onto root and water permeable; Depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings several days posterior lobe looks still partially light, decrement can execute again once, during supplementary fertilizer, water the suitable multiple spot of rate of water make-up; Should the machine transplanting of rice length of time rice seedlings grow: be 18 ~ 25 days, the high 13 ~ 20cm of rice shoot.
2. strengthening seedling of rice machine educated by according to claim 1 greenhouse plastic tunnel organic substrate streamline, it is characterized in that: the suitable machine transplanting of rice length of time rice seedlings grow: calculate from sowing, the length of time rice seedlings grow is 18 ~ 25 days, three leaves wholeheartedly seedling, and the high 13 ~ 20cm of rice shoot can plant in rice field for rice transplanter.
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