CN104082048B - The implantation methods of red date Sustainable high yield - Google Patents
The implantation methods of red date Sustainable high yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN104082048B CN104082048B CN201410353331.3A CN201410353331A CN104082048B CN 104082048 B CN104082048 B CN 104082048B CN 201410353331 A CN201410353331 A CN 201410353331A CN 104082048 B CN104082048 B CN 104082048B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of red date Sustainable high yield, comprise cultivation rootstock seedling, by the scion grafting of object kind on stock, pruning and jujube tree are carried out to grafting jujube tree and prunes shaping Hou Duizao garden and manage.In technique scheme, take live grafting dense planting to build garden, increase young growth density in early stage, make nursery stock without the restraining the growth of seedlings phase, children's phase carries out again short fruit of pinching, thus obtains high yield in seedling stage, has innovated live grafting dense planting and has built garden.In dense planting in early stage to cultivating in the tree-like shaped shape of one-tenth of high yield, mainly determining permanent strain and interim strain, permanent strain being pruned in the 6th year after grafting to cultivate into high yield tree-like, its large result constantly intermediate cutting is complete mainly allows to interim strain.In the management of Cheng Yuanhou, fixing tree-like, constantly only stay jujube to hang to the bud picking of pinching of jujube head branch, impelling nourishes and grows is transformed into reproductive growth, takes the measures such as girdling simultaneously, jujube garden good quality and high output.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural field, be specifically related to a kind of implantation methods of red date Sustainable high yield.
Background technology
Jujube tree belongs to Rhamnaceae jujube, China cultivation with a long history, be the main cultivation economic tree in many places.The foundation in tradition jujube garden is all realized by tree planting, and because nursery stock price is high, plantation is taken a lot of work, garden of building of planting seedlings is exactly plant according to the final seeding row spacing of Cheng Yuan, is also 2m × 4m compared with the jujube garden seeding row spacing of dense planting, i.e. every mu of 83 strains.This tree planting mode, early stage strain number few, again through seedling-slowing stage, do not take for making to grow into forest early pinching short fruit measure of pinching, the several years ago receipts of plantation so really less, benefit is low or do not have benefit; Trees after growing into forest do not take again the measure of fixing tree-like promotion nutrition conversion results, fail high yield, therefore affect the enthusiasm of peasant planting jujube tree always.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of implantation methods of red date Sustainable high yield, and it can realize jujube garden high yield in short time, and the high-quality being convenient to red date plantation develops in a healthy way, and realizes scale industrialization.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
An implantation methods for red date Sustainable high yield, it comprises following operating procedure:
S1: cultivate rootstock seedling;
S2: by the scion grafting of object kind on stock;
S3: pruning is carried out to grafting jujube tree;
S4: jujube tree is pruned shaping Hou Duizao garden and manages.
Concrete operation scheme is:
S1: the cultivation of rootstock seedling
S11: the sowing of rootstock seedling
The loam ground of selection below subterranean water level 1.0m, pH value 6.5 ~ 8.5 or sandy loam are as planting site, and mu executes the fertilizer 2 ~ 3 tons through becoming thoroughly decomposed.Two kinds of patterns after growing into forest according to the garden of building: seeding row spacing 2 × 4m and 2m × 3m, determine to sow seeding row spacing.The employing wide-and narrow-row bi-row mode sowing of seeding row spacing 2 × 4m, i.e. wide line-spacing 1.2m, narrow row is apart from 0.8m, spacing in the rows 0.5m; The employing single line mode sowing of 2m × 3m, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 0.5m.Stock seed be wild jujube or Keshen circle jujube, the sowing time in 4 months, the last ten-days period, seeding method is program request on film, touches lower drip irrigation, and seeding quantity is every mu of 0.6 ~ 1.0kg, and 2 ~ 3, every cave, sowing depth is advisable with 2 ~ 3cm.
S12: the field management of rootstock seedling
After planting just carry out dripping irrigation, continuous water injection 2 ~ 3 times, seed can be made neatly to sprout early, generally broadcast latter 10 days and start to emerge, within 18 days, go out full stand.Timely grave mound around seedling after emerging, namely protects jujube seedling, plastics fenestra can be shut again, burn weeds in film to death.When nursery stock grows 5 ~ 6 needles, in conjunction with fertigation, every mu of consumption 10 ~ 15kg, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, 7 ~ August imposes twice fertilizer, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer with water again.Carry out thinning as height of seedling 8 ~ 12cm, 1 strain is stayed in every cave, pinches when nursery stock grows to 40 ~ 50cm height, thickening growth, in order to grafting in the coming year.Mid or late September cuts off the water, and its lignification short, fills with 1 water of surviving the winter by the end of October again.
S2: the grafting of nursery stock
In the spring in next year, during stock rudiment, fill with a water, to improve graft survival rate and amount of growth.Just wipe out stock ground 10cm when land for building is done with upper part simultaneously, remove the residual branch in grafting ground, weeds, rootstock seedling stake only surplus to be grafted.Just start after carrying out these work to carry out grafting, more early better.Scion variety used is the object kind in Jian Zao garden, can be dry product kind processed, eats kind or fresh and dried dual-purpose kind etc. raw, sealed with wax when the beginning of spring and made.Scion thickness and stock will be selected during grafting to match, and thickness can not make alignment for the moment as far as possible.In management after grafting, get hold of several key link, grafting is after 10 days, and stock can send wild jujube coppice spout, erase in time, and vegetative period carries out 2 ~ 3 times, to promote that grafting bud is sprouted.Grafting will be poured water after 10 days in time, 1 month 3 ~ 4 times, pours water the whole year 7 ~ 10 times.Execute drip irrigation fertilizer in conjunction with pouring water, mu consumption 15 ~ 20kg, annual 2 ~ 3 times, early stage, nitrogen took, later stage phosphorus potash fertilizer.
Trimming and finishing realization whole growth cycle from the garden of founding a capital is carried out always high-quality and efficient after having cultivated grafting.
S3: pruning
S31: grafting pruning then
Pinch when high (trunk) grows into 60 ~ 70cm after seedling grafting, pinching when side shoot (Secondary Branch) grows to 50 ~ 60cm, with Accelerate bloom result; Individual plant becomes the cylindrical tree-like of raw 6 ~ 7 side shoots around trunk, and forest land begins to take shape dense planting jujube garden in early stage.Resulting schema of in earlier stage of two kinds of garden building methods getting bumper crops is formed: i.e. wide-and narrow-row bi-row mode, wide line-spacing 1.2m, and narrow row is apart from 0.8m, spacing in the rows 0.5m; Single line mode, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 0.5m.Every mu is respectively 1332 strains and 888 strains, this density is all plant seedlings garden of building (because tree planting cost is high respectively, can only by the seeding row spacing field planting of final one-tenth garden) 16 times of density with 8 times, and urge the pruning of result without the restraining the growth of seedlings phase premenstruum (premenstrua), thus reach the object of Sustainable high yield at the very start.
The pruning of S32: two years raw jujube trees
Within 2nd year, prune and mainly constantly to pinch bud picking, do not allow Seedling height and tree crown expansion, only allow large result make tree base portion increase thick and Secondary Branch is strong, the tree-like and woods shape of maintenance First Year.
The pruning of S33: three years raw jujube trees and intermediate cutting
The beginning of spring, the jujube garden of seeding row spacing 2m × 4m or 2m × 3m is become for target finally to build garden, determine permanent row (initial stage bi-row mode be every three row determination a line, single line mode be every a line determination a line) and row in permanent strain, available red paint marks, and all strains in the interim strain in permanent row and temporarily row are all interim strains.Intermediate cutting falls the interim strain of each 1 strain in permanent strain both sides, and the spacing in the rows of two-mode forever in row all becomes 1m, and interim row does not move.
Cultivation task is: to prune out high yield tree-like and result early stage, later by tree-like high yield always of getting bumper crops to permanent strain.To interim strain, jujube head-germ of mainly constantly erasing in several years that exist only stays jujube to hang bud, makes its large result, removes year by year later.
The cultivation of permanent strain accordingly, that the Secondary Branch retaining trunk top (can promote that the major branch blastogenesis of bottom is long, lower same), under it about 30cm shaping strip in select the different Secondary Branch in three orientation, at 2nd ~ 3 jujube stock place cutting backs, germination stimulation attenuating increases thick shoot, and the season of growth, other rudiment was with going out with erasing except giving over to major branch and cultivating.Carry out pinching when major branch grows to 7 ~ 9 Secondary Branchs, after pinching, the Secondary Branch of top is in outward direction, can assort three major branches of ground floor like this.
The intermediate cutting of S34: four years raw jujube trees and pruning
Intermediate cutting: the disposable removing of interim strain forever in row, and to early stage for disposing a line row temporarily of adjacent permanent row while bi-row mode.
Pruning to permanent strain: wipe out the Secondary Branch that top is stayed, its axillary bud sprouting short is branched out, pinching when shoot grows to 7 Secondary Branchs.To the pruning of major branch, be wipe out outward from second jujube stock 2 centimetres of top Secondary Branch, its rudiment short is branched out again, pinching when shoot grows to 5 ~ 6 Secondary Branchs.Simultaneously with drawing, supportting a method adjustment major branch angle and direction, require that between three major branches, angle is at about 120 °, the angle that major branch and central authorities do is not more than 65 °.
The intermediate cutting of S35: five years raw jujube trees and pruning
Intermediate cutting: to the disposable whole intermediate cutting of interim row.
Pruning to permanent strain: under the Secondary Branch of top about 30cm shaping strip in select the different Secondary Branch (being distributed in the horizontal space of ground floor major branch) in three orientation, at 2nd ~ 3 jujube stock place cutting backs, germination stimulation attenuating increases thick shoot, turn out the second layer three major branches (the concrete practice is identical with cultivation ground floor branch), the Secondary Branch more than following ground floor major branch of second layer major branch is erased entirely.Secondary Branch ground floor major branch respectively selecting direction consistent is at the 3rd jujube stock place cutting back, and its pinching when growing to 4 ~ 6 Secondary Branchs of branching out short, turns out first side shoot.
The pruning of S36: six years raw jujube trees
Wipe out the Secondary Branch that permanent strain top is stayed, its axillary bud sprouting short is branched out, pinching when shoot grows to 3 ~ 5 Secondary Branchs, and no longer cutting back is urged its rudiment and branched out.At the opposite cutting back Secondary Branch of ground floor major branch side shoot, turn out second and take turns side shoot; Second layer major branch respectively select consistent one, direction Secondary Branch turn out the side shoot of second layer major branch at the 3rd jujube stock place cutting back.Cultivate permanent strain to become high yield and tree-likely namely to complete: jujube tree coronule dredges layer shape, three layers of pagoda shape, plant height 1.8 ~ 2.3m, hat 2.0 ~ 2.5m, 6, major branch, side shoot 8 ~ 9.
Management method after being shaped is pruned to grafting jujube tree:
S4: the management after jujube tree is shaped:
S41: prune and local updating
Prune: jujube tree has become to get bumper crops tree-like through the pruning of 6 years, substantially fixing.Winter pruning annual from now on just remove upright between thorax and each layer branch group in tree crown, intersect, overlapping and withered branch, thoroughly remove a large amount of lignification jujube and hang.Transport outside woods, clear garden is clean.Pruning task mainly concentrates on summer, jujube head of mainly constantly erasing, jujube stock main bud and do not cultivate the newborn branch of object, and not allowing branches out expands hat; Keep jujube here and hang bud, short its is nourished and grown and is converted into reproductive growth, grows lignification jujube and hangs, bear the fruit of a large amount of good quality and high output.
Branch group is cultivated and is upgraded: jujube tree get bumper crops tree-like fixing after, mainly lean on jujube stock pumping jujube on Secondary Branch to hang result.Though the jujube stock life-span can reach 15 ~ 20 years, and hang many abilities by force with 4 ~ 8 years raw jujubes of light soy sauce, so before the raw decline in 5 ~ 7 years of jujube stock, return the Secondary Branch crouching raw jujube stock, stimulate rear portion jujube stock to bear new jujube head, new jujube head produces new jujube stock, to reach the object of renewal.Cycle like this carries out, and accomplishes to upgrade in time and cultivates in time, maintain tree vigo(u)r, extends the high yield time limit, realizes long-term good quality and high output.
S42: pour water
Xinjiang drought and water shortage, irrigate use water saving measures, year irrigation quantity to remain on 400 ~ 500m
3, and get hold of several critical period, namely rudiment water in early stage, rudiment water, florescence water, young fruit expand water, the arid water of sky heat in 7 ~ August.In Winter In Xinjiang is very long, notes strengthening and fills with sufficient water of surviving the winter.Be also noted that, As time goes on, jujube tree grows up, and root system pricks dark, expanded range, changes juvenile stage along tree row a line drip irrigation, is tree row both sides two, edge row drip irrigation; In filling amount and number of times, when ensureing that annual feedwater index is constant, each irrigation volume be strengthened, reduce annual frequency of irrigation, the water that becomes adapting to jujube tree root system development growth becomes fertilizer, makes root system can prick dark and expand wide, expands and absorb the cold resistance that nutrition scope is increased in Xinjiang severe winter.
S43: fertilising
Make full use of the advantage of the large province of Xinjiang herding, many organic fertilizers, the late October after receiving jujube applies to November as base manure, every mu of 2 ~ 3t.The season of growth particularly will impose chemical fertilizer at budding period, flowering stage and young fruit expanding stage, every mu of 50 ~ 80kg, and early stage, the middle and later periods was based on phosphorus potash fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer.Jujube garden, Southern Xinjiang often lacks some trace elements, when boron deficiency or zinc, can spray 0.2% borax 3 ~ 4 times continuously, or impose each 0.5 ~ 1.0kg of zinc sulphate, impose 7 ~ 10d interval time 2 times at the florescence.
S44: other flower and fruit protecting measures
For improving percentage of fertile fruit and amount of growth, twice girdling can be carried out at initial bloom stage and full-bloom stage, and meanwhile spraying the gibberellin of a 15 ~ 20ppm.
S45: the jujube garden extermination of disease and insect pest
The public measures of a, prevention and control damage by disease and insect
In strict accordance with cultivate after grafting permanent strain high yield tree-like time, the requirement of the interim strain of continuous intermediate cutting, 3rd ~ 5 years after grafting complete to interim strain intermediate cutting, makes appropriate density in woods, ventilation and penetrating light, Health of Tree grow.
No matter prevent trouble before it happens, be occur and damage by disease and insect does not occur, and removes dry branches and fallen leaves and decayed fruit, transport to woods and destroy outward jujube garden after taking to receive jujube without exception, cuts off damage by disease and insect and to survive the winter place and the route of transmission of hiding oneself.Behind Qing Wanzao garden, before jujube tree rudiment with after rudiment, 3 ~ 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs and 0.2 ~ 0.3 Baume degrees lime sulfur will be sprayed for twice respectively, with sterilization, kill mite and desinsection.
B, to the normal damage by disease and insect occurred, the measure of the chemical control that notices the suggestion of a new development:
Jujube cecidomyiia: the decis with 2.5% or 20% fenvalerate 3000 ~ 4000 times of liquid, or children's urine 2000 ~ 3000 times of liquid that go out spray and eliminate.
Two spotted spider mite: the speed of spraying 20% is is in time catched and killed 1500 times of liquid or killed mite profit 2500 ~ 3000 times of liquid, or 15% Avermectin, 3000 times of liquid, all has good control efficiency to mite class.
Jujube black spot: spray 800 times of 70% thiophanate methyl.
In technique scheme, take live grafting dense planting to build garden, increase young growth density in early stage, make nursery stock without the restraining the growth of seedlings phase, children's phase carries out again short fruit of pinching, thus obtains high yield in seedling stage, has innovated live grafting dense planting and has built garden.Meanwhile determine that tree-like cultivation of getting bumper crops is carried out in permanent strain, cultivated shaping through several years to permanent strain, complete to interim strain intermediate cutting, jujube garden is built up.In the management of Cheng Yuanhou, fixing tree-like, constantly only stay jujube to hang to the bud picking of pinching of jujube head branch, impelling nourishes and grows is transformed into reproductive growth, takes the measures such as girdling simultaneously, jujube garden good quality and high output.Realize lively building garden, early stage, cultivate high yield by pruning tree-like, Cheng Yuanhou continued the target of more high yield, promotes the development of Xinjiang red dates industry with regard to dense planting high yield.The present invention builds the technical measures of garden pruning Sustainable high yield by the live grafting dense planting of scientific and normal red date, red date is planted and realizes high yield fast, so that the good quality and high output of red date plantation develops in a healthy way, realizes scale industrialization.If not in accordance with density and trimming method in early stage provided by the invention, then do not reach the object of good harvest of getting bumper crops at the very start; If not along with orderly intermediate cutting is implemented in the growth of trees, then can cause closing environmental change in woods, damage by disease and insect seriously occurs, and can not obtain and continue more high yield.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is dense planting in the early stage jujube garden result figure utilizing the present invention to set up;
Fig. 2 is the jujube pie diagram after receiving jujube;
Fig. 3 prunes the high yield jujube garden that permanent strain builds up in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the high yield arborescence after receiving jujube.
Embodiment
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is specifically described.Should be appreciated that following word only in order to describe one or more concrete embodiments of the present invention, considered critical is not carried out to the protection domain that the present invention specifically asks.
Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang group, in the Alar Area at edge, Upper Reaches of Tarim River desert, from mouth, bought a large amount of red date nursery stock in the past carry out planting seedlings building garden, price, survival rate are low, and nursery stock is rare again through the restraining the growth of seedlings phase, and several years ago without income, it is slow to build garden speed.2006 with universities and colleges, scientific research institutions' united innovation development pattern, implement lively to build garden, build garden from sowing stock seed grafting dense planting and just carry out pruning, realize good quality and high output from start to finish.
Lively build garden: broadcast stock seed, select the sandy loam of below subterranean water level 1.0m, pH value 6.5 ~ 8.5 as planting site, mu executes sheep excrement barnyard manure 3 tons, builds garden sowing wild jujube seed behind whole complete ground according to two kinds of patterns.After the first builds up jujube garden, seeding row spacing is 2m × 4m, and adopt the sowing of wide-and narrow-row bi-row mode, i.e. wide line-spacing 1.2m, narrow row is apart from 0.8m, spacing in the rows 0.5m.It two is build up jujube garden seeding row spacing 2m × 3m, adopts single line mode sowing, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 0.5m.Seed is wild jujube, and the sowing time, seeding method was program request on film in mid-April, and seeding quantity is every mu of 0.6kg, 2 ~ 3, every cave, sowing depth 2 ~ 2.5cm, and irrigation method is for touching lower drip irrigation.
Field management, after planting just carries out dripping irrigation, continuous water injection 2 ~ 3 times in first quarter moon.Within 9 ~ 10 days, start to emerge after broadcasting, in 20 days, go out full stand.Just timely grave mound around seedling compacting plastics fenestra after emerging.When nursery stock grows 5 ~ 6 needles, in conjunction with fertigation, every mu of consumption 10kg, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, 7 ~ August imposes twice fertilizer with water again, and every mu of 15kg, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer.Carry out thinning as height of seedling 10cm, 1 strain is stayed in every cave.Pinch when nursery stock grows to 40cm height, thickening growth.Mid or late September cuts off the water, and its lignification short, fills with 1 water of surviving the winter again at the beginning of by the end of October or 11 months.
The grafting of nursery stock: spring in next year, seals with wax after selecting fine horse jujube and grey jujube annotinous branch to cut and does scion.When stock rudiment, fill with time water, and wipe out stock ground 10cm with upper part, remove the residual branch in grafting ground, weeds, rootstock seedling stake only surplus to be grafted.Scion thickness and stock will be selected during grafting to match, and thickness can not make alignment for the moment as far as possible.
Management after grafting: grafting is after 10 days, the coppice spout that stock of erasing in time sends, vegetative period 2 ~ 3 times.Grafting starts dripping irrigation in 10 ~ 12 days, 1 month 3 times, pours water the whole year 11 times.Drip irrigation fertilizer is executed, mu consumption 20kg, annual 3 times, in earlier stage nitrogenous fertilizer, later stage phosphorus potash fertilizer in conjunction with pouring water.Live built dense planting jujube garden is after nursery stock has grown.
Pruning:
After dense planting jujube garden is built up in grafting, with regard to pruning, control height and tree-like, its large result and tree base portion are increased slightly.In the 3rd year spring after grafting, determining permanent strain and interim strain according to one-tenth garden seeding row spacing, is cultivate get bumper crops tree-like and take into account result to pruning the early stage of permanent strain, be exactly according to mode in early stage to the pruning of interim strain, control crown height and make its large result, and along with the tree-like expansion of permanent strain, continuous intermediate cutting is complete.Thus it is always high-quality and efficient to realize whole growth cycle from the garden of founding a capital.
Grafting pruning then:
Pinch when grafting grows tall 70cm, pinching when side shoot (Secondary Branch) grows to 50 ~ 60cm (getting sizes values according to line-spacing size), with Accelerate bloom result; Individual plant becomes the cylindrical tree-like of 6 ~ 7 side shoots around trunk, and forest land begins to take shape dense planting jujube garden in early stage.Resulting schema of in earlier stage of two kinds of garden building methods getting bumper crops is formed: i.e. wide-and narrow-row bi-row mode, wide line-spacing 1.2m, and narrow row is apart from 0.8m, spacing in the rows 0.5m; Single line mode, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 0.5m.Every mu is respectively 1332 strains and 888 strains, this density is plant seedlings garden of building (because tree planting cost is high respectively, can only by the seeding row spacing field planting of final one-tenth garden) 16 times of density with 8 times, and the pruning of result is urged premenstruum (premenstrua) without the restraining the growth of seedlings phase, thus reach the object of Sustainable high yield at the very start, the fresh jujube 210 ~ 320kg of per mu yield then.
The pruning of 2 years raw jujube trees:
Within 2nd year, prune and mainly constantly to pinch bud picking, do not allow Seedling height and tree crown expansion, only allow large result make tree base portion increase thick and Secondary Branch is strong, the tree-like and woods shape of maintenance First Year (figure mono-: autumn result shape; Figure bis-: that receives after jujube is tree-like).
The intermediate cutting of 3 years raw jujube trees and pruning
Intermediate cutting: the beginning of spring becomes the jujube garden of seeding row spacing 2m × 4m and 2m × 3m for target finally to build garden, determine permanent row (initial stage bi-row mode be every three row determination a line, single line mode be every a line determination a line) and row in permanent strain, permanent strain can mark with red paint.First intermediate cutting falls the interim strain of each 1 strain in permanent strain both sides, and the spacing in the rows of two-mode forever in row all becomes 1m, and interim row does not move.
Prune: to the pruning of permanent strain, that the Secondary Branch retaining trunk top (can promote that the major branch blastogenesis of bottom is long, lower same), under it about 30cm shaping strip in select the different Secondary Branch in three orientation, at 2nd ~ 3 jujube stock place cutting backs, stimulate the long increasing of rudiment pumping shoot thick, the season of growth, other rudiment was with going out with erasing except giving over to major branch and cultivating.Carry out pinching when major branch grows to 7 ~ 9 Secondary Branchs, after pinching, the Secondary Branch of top is in outward direction.Three major branches of ground floor can be assorted like this.
To the pruning of interim strain, jujube head-germ of mainly constantly erasing in several years that exist only stays jujube to hang bud, makes its large result, removes year by year later.
The intermediate cutting of 4 years raw jujube trees and pruning
Intermediate cutting: to the disposable removing of interim strain in permanent going, and to early stage for disposing a line row temporarily of adjacent permanent row while bi-row mode.
Prune: to the pruning of permanent strain, wipe out the Secondary Branch that top is stayed, its axillary bud sprouting short is branched out, pinching when shoot grows to 7 Secondary Branchs.To the pruning of major branch, be wipe out outward from second jujube stock 2 centimetres of top Secondary Branch, its rudiment short is branched out again, pinching when shoot grows to 5 ~ 6 Secondary Branchs (5 Secondary Branch pinching of final line distance 3m, 6 Secondary Branch pinching of line-spacing 4m).Simultaneously with drawing, supportting a method adjustment major branch angle and direction, require that between three major branches, angle is at about 120 °, the angle that major branch and central authorities do is not more than 65 °.
To the pruning of interim strain with the 3rd year.
The intermediate cutting of 5 years raw jujube trees and pruning
Intermediate cutting: to the disposable whole intermediate cutting of interim row, so far interim strain intermediate cutting is complete.
Pruning to permanent branch: under the Secondary Branch of top about 30cm shaping strip in select the different Secondary Branch (being distributed in the horizontal space of ground floor major branch) in three orientation, at 2nd ~ 3 jujube stock place cutting backs, germination stimulation attenuating increases thick shoot, turn out the second layer three major branches (the concrete practice is identical with cultivation ground floor branch), the Secondary Branch more than following ground floor major branch of second layer major branch is erased entirely.Secondary Branch ground floor major branch respectively selecting direction consistent is at the 3rd jujube stock place cutting back, and its pinching when growing to 4 ~ 6 Secondary Branchs of branching out short, turns out first side shoot.
The pruning of 6 years raw jujube trees
Pruning to permanent branch: wipe out the Secondary Branch that top is stayed, its axillary bud sprouting short is branched out, pinching when shoot grows to 3 ~ 5 Secondary Branchs, and no longer cutting back is urged its rudiment and branched out.At ground floor major branch side shoot to 15 ~ 20cm place cutting back Secondary Branch in front, turn out second and take turns side shoot (method is with cultivating first round side shoot); Second layer major branch respectively select consistent one, direction Secondary Branch turn out the side shoot (method is with the side shoot cultivating ground floor major branch) of second layer major branch at the 3rd jujube stock place cutting back.Like this, logical control growth of pinching in a few years is done at permanent strain center; Ground floor major branch is stimulated by secondary cutting back, and second layer major branch is stimulated by cutting back, and third layer stimulates without cutting back, and cultivating permanent strain becomes that namely high yield is tree-like completes; Jujube tree coronule dredges layer shape, three layers of pagoda shape, plant height 2.0m, hat 2.0 ~ 2.5m, 6, major branch, side shoot 9.
Pruning after jujube tree is shaped and management:
Prune:
The pruning tree-like to high yield: jujube tree has become to get bumper crops tree-like through the pruning of 6 years, substantially fixing.Winter pruning annual from now on just remove upright between thorax and each layer branch group in tree crown, intersect, overlapping and withered branch, thoroughly remove a large amount of lignification jujube and hang, transport outside woods, clear garden is clean.Pruning task mainly concentrates on summer, jujube head of mainly constantly erasing, jujube stock main bud and do not cultivate the newborn branch of object, and not allowing branches out expands hat; Only staying jujube to hang allows it yield positive results.Such pruning, short its is nourished and grown and is converted into reproductive growth, grows lignification jujube and hangs, bear the fruit of a large amount of good quality and high output, as shown in figures 1-4.When labour takes it easy, also row pinching is lifted up into jujube, to reduce bearing fruit of flower in latter stage, promote the growth of early stage fruit.
Branch group renewal pruning: jujube tree is got bumper crops after tree-like fixing, and mainly hangs result by jujube stock pumping jujube on Secondary Branch.Though the jujube stock life-span can reach 15 ~ 20 years, and hang many abilities by force with 4 ~ 8 years raw jujubes of light soy sauce, so before the raw decline in 5 years of jujube stock, return the Secondary Branch crouching raw jujube stock, stimulate rear portion jujube stock to bear new jujube head, new jujube head produces new jujube stock, to reach the object of renewal.Cycle like this carries out, and accomplishes to upgrade in time and cultivates in time, maintain tree vigo(u)r, extends the high yield time limit, realizes long-term good quality and high output.
Management:
Pour water: Xinjiang drought and water shortage, irrigate use water saving measures, year irrigation quantity to remain on 400m
3~ 450m
3, and filled with rudiment water in early stage, rudiment water, florescence water, young fruit expand water, 7 ~ 8 twice water, each 28m
3~ 32m
3, annual 12 times, water of surviving the winter for the last time strengthens irrigation volume and reaches 50m
3~ 60m
3, to spend the winter of the very long arid again in Xinjiang.And changing for the 4th year along tree row a line drip irrigation as setting row both sides two row drip irrigation in edge after grafting.In filling amount and number of times, when ensureing that annual feedwater index is constant, each irrigation volume be strengthened to 35m
3~ 40m
3, reducing annual frequency of irrigation is 9 ~ 11 times, and adaptation root system can be pricked deeply and expand extensively also increases the cold resistance of surviving the winter.
Fertilising: late October to the November after annual receipts jujube applies 2t base manure tree row trench digging every mu.Will impose chemical fertilizer at budding period, flowering stage and young fruit expanding stage, every mu of 35kg, early stage, the middle and later periods, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, with good conditionsily also will pour into night soil based on nitrogenous fertilizer.According to plot to lack trace element different, what have sprays 0.2% borax 3 times continuously at the florescence; What have imposes zinc sulphate each about 0.75kg, 10d 2 times.
Other flower and fruit protecting measures: for improving percentage of fertile fruit and amount of growth, to plantation more than 5 years, leading thread reached the jujube tree of 8cm, and what initial bloom stage and full-bloom stage carry out twice girdling, and meanwhile spray the gibberellin of a 15 ~ 20ppm.
The extermination of disease and insect pest:
A, become dense planting jujube garden according to grafting after, it is tree-like to cultivate permanent strain high yield, the requirement of the interim strain of intermediate cutting on one side constantly, and complete to interim strain intermediate cutting by after grafting 3 ~ 5 years of step, make appropriate density in woods, ventilation and penetrating light, Health of Tree grows.Do not cause closing in woods because intermediate cutting is not in place, damage by disease and insect phenomenon is grown in environmental change.
B, for preventing trouble before it happens, at the beginning of by the end of October or 11 months, receiving after jujube and taking without exception to remove dry branches and fallen leaves and decayed fruit, transporting to woods and destroy outward, eliminate disease worm source.
Behind c, Qing Wanzao garden, spray 3 ~ 5 and 0.2 ~ 0.3 Baume degrees lime sulfur for twice respectively before the rudiment of what jujube tree with after rudiment, with sterilization, kill mite and desinsection.
To main diseases and insect pests, the measure carrying out chemical control when noticing the suggestion of a new development is:
D, jujube cecidomyiia: how to occur in the beginning of spring, spraying children's urine 2000 ~ 3000 times of liquid, have received good result when finding that there is the jujube cecidomyiia symptom of a trend.
E, two spotted spider mite: many when occurring for 7 ~ August, the speed of spraying 20% catches and kills 1500 times of liquid or 15% Avermectin, 3000 times of liquid, all serves good control efficiency.
F, jujube black spot: when discovery jujube fruit has had black spot to spray 800 times of 70% thiophanate methyl in time, can prevent and treat preferably.
This group adopts the live grafting dense planting of red date to build the method for garden pruning Sustainable high yield, the fresh jujube 200 ~ 300kg of First Year per mu yield of grafting, Second Year 400kg, the 3rd year 600 ~ 800kg, after 4th year, per mu yield reaches 900 ~ 1200kg, the group's of achieving field red dates industry healthy and rapid development.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; to know in the present invention after contents; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some equal conversion to it and substitute, these convert on an equal basis and substitute and also should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. an implantation methods for red date Sustainable high yield, it comprises following operating procedure:
S1: cultivate rootstock seedling;
S2: by the scion grafting of object kind on stock;
S3: pruning is carried out to grafting jujube tree;
S4: jujube tree is pruned shaping Hou Duizao garden and manages;
In S3, pruning is carried out to grafting jujube tree and comprises following operation:
S31: grafting pruning then
Pinch when growing into 60 ~ 70cm after seedling grafting, pinching when side shoot grows to 50 ~ 60cm; Individual plant becomes the cylindrical tree-like of raw 6 ~ 7 side shoots around trunk, and forest land begins to take shape dense planting jujube garden in early stage, and every mu of cultivation has 888 ~ 1332 strain grafting jujube trees;
S32: the pruning of biennial jujube tree
Continue to carry out pinching bud picking, hinder Seedling height and tree crown expansion, make grafting jujube tree large result and make tree base portion increase thick and Secondary Branch is strong, the tree-like and woods shape of maintenance First Year;
The pruning of S33: three years raw jujube trees and intermediate cutting
In the beginning of spring, become the jujube garden of seeding row spacing 2m × 4m or 2m × 3m for target finally to build garden, determine permanent row, temporarily go and mark the permanent strain in permanent row, intermediate cutting falls the interim strain of each 1 strain in permanent strain both sides, makes the spacing in the rows in permanent row be 1m, goes temporarily and do not move;
Permanent strain is retained to the Secondary Branch at trunk top, under it about 30cm shaping strip in select the different Secondary Branch in three orientation, at 2nd ~ 3 jujube stock place cutting backs, germination stimulation attenuating increases thick shoot, the season of growth, other rudiment was with going out with erasing except giving over to major branch and cultivating; Carry out pinching when major branch grows to 7 ~ 9 Secondary Branchs, after pinching, the Secondary Branch of top is in outward direction; Only stay jujube to hang bud for interim strain jujube head-germ of should constantly erasing in several years that exist, make its large result, remove year by year later;
The intermediate cutting of S34: four years raw jujube trees and pruning
Intermediate cutting: the disposable removing of interim strain forever in row, and to early stage for disposing a line row temporarily of adjacent permanent row while bi-row mode;
Pruning to permanent strain: wipe out the Secondary Branch that top is stayed, its axillary bud sprouting short is branched out, pinching when shoot grows to 7 Secondary Branchs; To the pruning of major branch, be wipe out outward from second jujube stock 2 centimetres of top Secondary Branch, its rudiment short is branched out again, pinching when shoot grows to 5 ~ 6 Secondary Branchs;
The intermediate cutting of S35: five years raw jujube trees and pruning
Intermediate cutting: to the disposable whole intermediate cutting of interim row;
Pruning to permanent strain: under the Secondary Branch of top about 30cm shaping strip in select the different Secondary Branch in three orientation, at 2nd ~ 3 jujube stock place cutting backs, germination stimulation attenuating increases thick shoot, turn out the second layer three major branches, the Secondary Branch more than following ground floor major branch of second layer major branch is erased entirely, Secondary Branch ground floor major branch respectively selecting direction consistent is at the 3rd jujube stock place cutting back, and its pinching when growing to 4 ~ 6 Secondary Branchs of branching out short, turns out first side shoot;
The pruning of S36: six years raw jujube trees
Wipe out the Secondary Branch that permanent strain top is stayed, its axillary bud sprouting short is branched out, pinching when shoot grows to 3 ~ 5 Secondary Branchs, and no longer cutting back is urged its rudiment and branched out, and cultivating permanent strain, to become high yield tree-like.
2. the implantation methods of red date Sustainable high yield according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete operations of cultivating rootstock seedling in S1 are:
S11: the sowing of rootstock seedling:
The loam ground of selection below subterranean water level 1.0m, pH value 6.5 ~ 8.5 or sandy loam are as planting site, mu executes the fertilizer 2 ~ 3 tons through becoming thoroughly decomposed, pattern after growing into forest according to the garden of building is determined to sow seeding row spacing, stock seed is wild jujube or Keshen circle jujube, sowing time in 4 months, the last ten-days period, seeding quantity is every mu of 0.6 ~ 1.0kg, 2 ~ 3, every cave, and sowing depth is 2 ~ 3cm;
S12: the field management of rootstock seedling
After planting just carry out dripping irrigation, continuous water injection 2 ~ 3 times, timely grave mound around seedling after emerging, when nursery stock grows 5 ~ 6 true leaves, in conjunction with fertigation, every mu of consumption 10 ~ 15kg, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, 7 ~ August imposes twice fertilizer, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer with water again, carry out thinning as height of seedling 8 ~ 12cm, 1 strain is stayed in every cave, pinches when nursery stock grows to 40 ~ 50cm height, thickening growth, in order to grafting in the coming year, mid or late September cuts off the water, its lignification short, fills with 1 water of surviving the winter by the end of October again.
3. the implantation methods of red date Sustainable high yield according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, for the pruning of permanent strain in S34: with drawing, supportting a method adjustment major branch angle and direction, require that between three major branches, angle is at about 120 °, the angle that major branch and central authorities do is not more than 65 °.
4. the implantation methods of red date Sustainable high yield according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, pruning postforming jujube tree in S36 is three layers of pagoda shape, plant height 1.8 ~ 2.3m, hat 2.0 ~ 2.5m, 6, major branch, side shoot 8 ~ 9.
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