JP2009077665A - Soil structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a soil structure which can store the rain of a rainy season for a long period in desert or the like and can gradually supply the water to soil to grow plants in a wide range in a dry season. <P>SOLUTION: This soil structure is characterized by forming many penetrated holes in an upper wall, forming drain holes in side walls, thus storing water in a portion lower than the drain holes and always forming an air layer in a portion higher than the drain holes, laminating a moisture-absorbing and releasing material layer to the upper side of the upper wall of the water storing container, and further laminating soil to the upper side of the moisture-absorbing and releasing material layer in a directly contacted state. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a soil structure in which stored rainwater is appropriately supplied in the soil according to the dry state without special driving means such as electricity and a pump, and the plant is grown. Especially, the rainfall is small or limited. The present invention relates to a soil structure for growing plants in areas where it rains only during the rainy season.

  In recent years, desertification has progressed in Asia, Africa, America, Australia, etc., and there has been a problem of a decrease in green space, an increase in the carbon dioxide ratio, and global warming. However, desertification is not progressing not because it does not rain, but it is raining 200 to 500 mm per year (by the way, the average rainfall in Japan is about 1700 mm), and it is concentrated in the summer months. However, there are many areas that are desertified because they can not be kept underground and run out and do not fall at other times.

  In areas where there are rainy and dry seasons, desertification can be prevented by storing rain in the rainy season and gradually supplying it to the soil in the dry season to enable plant growth. There is no direct water supply method to prevent desertification in areas where electricity is not supplied.

Various methods have been proposed for storing rainwater for a long period of time so that it does not withstand water without giving water to plant pots and planter plants, and gradually supplying it to the soil. For example, “at the appropriate height in the middle of the pot body, a drop bottom provided through an appropriate number of ventilation holes is detachably disposed, the inside of the pot body below that is used as a water storage tank, There has been proposed "a flower pot" (see, for example, Patent Document 1) characterized in that an appropriate number of drainage holes penetrating to the outside are provided on the wall surface of the pot body at a lower distance.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-256604

  The above-mentioned flower pot is intended to store water with the lower part of the flower pot as a water storage tank, to maintain the humidity in the space with this water, and to create a suitable environment for plants. It is not possible to supply the necessary moisture to the plant simply by supplying the appropriate moisture.

In addition, “a mesh-like, fibrous or protrusion is provided in the inner space of the container whose upper surface is opened, and these are fixed to the container, and the plant roots are entangled with the plant and the bottom floor (the part where the plant is rooted). Is a plant growth container that does not easily come off from the container, and the container has an open top surface, and has one or more through-holes only on the side surface. Porous or water that is provided to provide a space in which the bottom floor is not disposed and that the water sprayed on the bottom surface of the container accumulates, and that raises the water accumulated in the space disposed on the bottom surface inside the container to the bottom floor disposed on the top or A “plant growth container” (see, for example, Patent Document 2) in which one or more fibrous or pipe-like devices are arranged has been proposed.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-243784

  However, in the above-mentioned plant growing container, water accumulated on the bottom surface inside the container is pulled up to the bottom floor arranged on the upper part by a porous, fibrous or pipe-shaped device, but this method uses capillary action. Therefore, the height is limited. For example, the height pulled up by a glass tube having a diameter of 0.1 mm is 28 cm. If the diameter is reduced, the height can be further increased, but the amount of water that can be supplied is extremely small, which is impossible with a large apparatus. Moreover, water is always supplied until the soil becomes wet, and the amount of supplied water cannot be controlled.

Furthermore, “a perforated lid for placing a soil layer for plant cultivation containing or laminating a porous material composed of continuous fine pores, an overflow notch on the side wall, and a vertical groove continuous therewith” A container that forms a raised bottom for drainage vertically and horizontally on the bottom surface, and an inner wall that protrudes from the lower surface of the perforated lid or the inner surface of the container and abuts against the container or the lid and opens an opening for water passage Has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 3).
JP 2004-97235 A

  However, the water reservoir is for use on a veranda or a paved area, and cannot be used for greening in a wide area, for example, desert greening.

  In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the object of the present invention is to store a long-term rain that falls only in a limited rainy season such as a desert, and gradually supply it to the soil in the dry season so that a wide range of plants can grow. To provide a structure.

  The soil structure according to claim 1 has a plurality of through-holes formed in the upper wall and drain holes formed in the side walls so that water can be stored below the drain holes, and the air layer is always above the drain holes. The moisture absorbing / releasing material layer is laminated on the upper wall of the water storage container, and the soil is laminated in direct contact with the moisture absorbing / releasing material layer.

  The water storage container has a plurality of through holes formed in the upper wall and drain holes formed in the side walls so that water can be stored below the drain holes and the air layer is always above the drain holes. Has been made.

  The material of the water storage container is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include concrete, plastic, and metal, and the size and shape thereof may be appropriately determined depending on the application. A number of through holes are formed in the upper wall of the water storage container. The through holes are used to store rainwater that has fallen and to discharge the water vapor of the stored rainwater upward, and the shape thereof is particularly limited. For example, a round shape, a quadrangular shape, a hexagonal shape, and the like can be mentioned, and it is preferable that they are formed on the entire upper wall. Further, the water storage container may be integrally formed, or may be formed from a container body and a lid body in which a large number of through holes are formed.

  Moreover, although the drainage hole is formed in the side wall and water can be stored below the drainage hole, the shape and the number of the drainage holes may be appropriately determined as necessary.

  The moisture-absorbing / releasing material is not particularly limited as long as it is a material having the property of absorbing moisture when the surroundings are wet and releasing moisture when dried, for example, charcoal, activated carbon, unglazed clay plate, pulverized granules thereof, etc. These porous inorganic materials are preferably used. These inorganic materials have many fine pores with a diameter of several nanometers to several tens of micrometers communicating from the surface to the inside, and reversibly adsorb and release moisture in the inside depending on the surrounding humidity. You can do it.

  When using a particulate moisture-absorbing / releasing material, it is preferable to use it in a metal container or plastic container provided with a large number of through-holes on the upper and lower surfaces, a non-woven fabric or a woven bag, etc. . Further, the thickness of the moisture absorbing / releasing material layer is not particularly limited, but when it is installed in an area where drying is intense, it is preferable to increase the thickness so as to increase the water retention, generally 10 to 300 mm.

  The moisture absorbing / releasing material layer is directly laminated on the upper wall of the water storage container, and the soil is laminated in direct contact with the moisture absorbing / releasing material layer. The thickness of the soil layer may be determined as appropriate depending on the type of plant to be grown and the degree of drying, but if it becomes too thin, the moisture supplied from the moisture-absorbing / releasing material reaches the soil surface due to surface tension and evaporates. 300-2000 mm is preferable. Needless to say, the moisture absorbing / releasing material may be mixed in the soil.

  Therefore, in the rainy season, the rainwater that has fallen enters the water storage container through a number of through holes on the upper wall and is stored below the drain hole. Since the surroundings are wet in the rainy season, rainwater is stored in the water storage container as it is, but in the dry season the surroundings become dry, and the rainwater stored in the water storage container becomes water vapor and is absorbed by the moisture absorption / release material. . Since the soil that is in direct contact with the moisture absorbing / releasing material layer is exposed on the ground surface, water that is dried from the moisture absorbing / releasing material and absorbed by the moisture absorbing / releasing material is released into the soil in the dry season. As a result, the soil is supplied little by little over a long period of time, and plants are grown.

  The soil structure according to claim 2 includes a drainage hole of a water storage container in which a drainage hole is formed in a side wall, water can be stored below the drainage hole, and the upper part is always an air layer above the drainage hole. At least one tubular body is installed laterally from the upper side wall or the upper wall, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the upper wall of the tubular body, and a moisture absorbing / releasing material layer is laminated on the upper wall. The soil is laminated in direct contact with the moisture absorbing / releasing material layer.

Next, only differences from the soil structure according to claim 1 will be described.
In the water storage container, at least one tubular body is installed laterally from the side wall or upper wall above the drainage hole of the water storage container, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the upper wall of the tubular body, A moisture absorbing / releasing material layer is laminated on the upper wall.

  The material of the tubular body is not particularly limited, and the same material as that of the water storage container can be used. The thickness and number of the tubular body and the size and number of the through-holes may be appropriately determined depending on the place and purpose of use, but when used in a wide area such as a desert where the dryness is intense, the tubular body is omnidirectional from the water storage container. It is preferable to install. In this case, the interval between the tubular bodies is preferably 3 m or less, more preferably 1 to 2 m.

  The upper wall of the water storage container is similar to the water storage container in the soil structure according to claim 1 so that it can efficiently store rainwater that has fallen in the rainy season and can efficiently supply moisture to the moisture absorbing / releasing material layer in the dry season. It is preferable that a large number of through-holes are formed.

  The soil structure is suitable for growing plants in a wider area. For example, plants can be grown in a wide range by forming a large number of the above-mentioned soil structures at regular intervals in the desert, and the desert can be greened.

  The structure of the soil structure according to claim 1 is as described above. Rain that falls only in a limited rainy season such as a desert is stored for a long period of time, and is gradually supplied into the soil in the dry season to grow a wide range of plants. be able to.

  The structure of the soil structure according to claim 2 is as described above, and the rain that only falls in a limited rainy season such as a desert is stored for a long time and is gradually supplied to the soil in the dry season to grow a wider range of plants. can do.

  Next, the soil structure of this invention is demonstrated with reference to drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of the soil structure of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a water storage container, and a plurality of through-holes 12 are formed in the upper wall 11 of the water storage container 1. Further, a drain hole 14 is formed in the side wall 13 of the water storage container 1 so that water can be stored below the drain hole 14 and the air layer 15 is always above the drain hole 14. In addition, 4 is rainwater and has shown the state by which rainwater 4 was stored to the lower end part of the drain hole 14. FIG.

  In the figure, reference numeral 2 denotes a moisture absorbing / releasing material layer, which is directly laminated on the upper wall 11 of the water storage container 1 and a large number of through holes 12, 12,..., And the water storage container 1 and the moisture absorbing / releasing material layer 2 are in the soil. The soil 3 is buried in direct contact with the moisture absorbing / releasing material layer 2.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a different example of the soil structure of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 'denotes a water storage container. A drain hole 14' is formed in the side wall 13 'of the water storage container 1' so that water can be stored below the drain hole 14 'and above the drain hole 14'. The air layer 15 'is always formed. 4 'is rainwater, and rainwater 4' has been stored up to the lower end of the drain hole 14 '.
The tubular body 5 is installed on the side of the side wall 13 ′ above the drain hole 14 ′ of the water storage container 1 ′, and a plurality of through holes 52, 52... Are formed in the upper wall 51 of the tubular body 5.

  In the figure, reference numeral 2 'denotes a moisture absorbing / releasing material layer, which is directly laminated on the upper wall 51 of the tubular body 5 and a large number of through holes 52, 52, ..., the water storage container 1', the tubular body 5 and the moisture absorbing / releasing material. The layer 2 'is embedded in the soil, and the soil 3' is laminated in direct contact with the moisture absorbing / releasing material layer 2 '.

  FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an example of a water storage container. In the figure, 1 "is a water storage container having a square shape in plan view, and an upper wall 11" of the water storage container 1 "is formed with a number of through holes 12", 12 ".... Each of the water storage containers 1" .. Are provided laterally on the side walls 13 ″, 13 ″,. Further, a plurality of through holes 52 ", 52", ... are formed on the upper wall of each tubular body 5 ", 5",. By thus forming the tubular body 5 ″ in all directions, water can be supplied to a wide area with one water storage container.

Example 1
A 200 liter drum can having an inner diameter of 566 mm and a height of 890 mm was used as the water storage container 1. Thirteen circular through holes 12 with a diameter of 20 mm are provided in the lid of the drum can at regular intervals (in the center and on the circumference thereof), and circular drain holes 13 with a diameter of 10 mm are provided at a height of 800 mm from the bottom wall of the side wall. It was.

  A coarsely pulverized product of charcoal was used as a moisture absorbing / releasing material, and 5 kg of a coarsely pulverized product of charcoal was placed in a hemp bag. The thickness was about 50 mm. A 1.5m hole is dug in the ground, and as shown in Fig. 1, the drum can (water storage container 1) is stored, and a hemp bag (coarse-absorbing material layer 2) containing coarsely pulverized charcoal is stacked on it. Furthermore, it was covered with soil 3. The thickness of the soil 3 was about 65 cm. The top of the drum can was provided with a transparent plastic roof at a height of 3 m above the ground to prevent it from raining and was surrounded by a drainage groove to prevent water from flowing in from the surroundings.

  After gradually spraying water equivalent to 300 mm of precipitation on the drums and infiltrating them into the soil, four jujube seedlings were planted as plants to be grown in semi-arid land and left for three months from July to September. However, all four were growing without withering.

(Comparative Example 1)
When jujube seedlings were grown in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the hemp sachet containing coarsely pulverized charcoal (moisture absorbing / releasing material layer 2) was not laminated, all seedlings were withered.

(Example 2)
As shown in FIG. 2, a concrete tank (water storage container 1 ′) having a horizontal inner cross section of 2 m on a side and a depth of 1.5 m was formed so that the upper surface had a depth of 1 mm in soil. On the side wall 13 'of the concrete tank, three vinyl chloride resin pipes (tubular bodies 5) were installed in the horizontal direction at intervals of 40 cm at a position 10 cm from the upper surface. The pipe had an inner diameter of 10 cm, an outer diameter of 12 cm, and a length of 3 m. Four through-holes 52 having a diameter of 10 mm were provided at intervals of 5 cm from a position 50 cm from the concrete tank side. Further, a circular drain hole 14 'having a diameter of 10 mm was provided at a height of 120 cm from the bottom wall of the side wall 13' of the concrete tank.

  Coarse pulverized charcoal was laminated between and on the pipes. The thickness of the coarsely pulverized charcoal layer (moisture absorbing / releasing material layer 2 ') above the pipe was 30 mm, and the top was covered with soil 3'. The thickness of the soil 3 'was about 107 cm. A transparent plastic roof at a height of 3m above the concrete tank and the coarsely pulverized layer of charcoal is provided to prevent rain, and the perimeter is surrounded by a drainage groove so that water does not flow from the surroundings. .

  After gradually spreading water equivalent to 300 mm of precipitation onto the coarsely ground layer of charcoal and infiltrating it into the soil, four jujube seedlings were planted as plants to be grown in semi-arid land. When left unattended for 3 months, all four were growing without withering.

(Comparative Example 2)
When the jujube seedlings were grown in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the coarsely pulverized layer of charcoal was not laminated, all the seedlings were withered.

It is sectional drawing which shows one example of the soil structure of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the example from which the soil structure of this invention differs. It is a top view which shows one example of a water storage container.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water storage container 11 Upper wall 12 Through-hole 13 Side wall 14 Drain hole 15 Air layer 2 Hygroscopic material layer 3 Soil 4 Rain water 5 Tubular body

Claims (2)

  A water storage container in which a large number of through holes are formed in the upper wall and drain holes are formed in the side walls so that water can be stored below the drain holes and the air layer is always above the drain holes. A soil structure in which a moisture absorbing / releasing material layer is laminated on an upper wall, and soil is laminated in direct contact with the moisture absorbing / releasing material layer.   A drainage hole is formed on the side wall, and water can be stored below the drainage hole, and the upper side of the drainage hole is always an air layer. At least one tubular body is installed, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the upper wall of the tubular body, and a moisture absorbing / releasing material layer is laminated on the upper wall, and the moisture absorbing / releasing material layer is formed on the moisture absorbing / releasing material layer. A soil structure characterized in that the soil is laminated in direct contact.

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