CN108476856A - A kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation - Google Patents
A kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108476856A CN108476856A CN201810426482.5A CN201810426482A CN108476856A CN 108476856 A CN108476856 A CN 108476856A CN 201810426482 A CN201810426482 A CN 201810426482A CN 108476856 A CN108476856 A CN 108476856A
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- jujube
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of grafting cultivation techniques of jujube tree plantation, include the following steps：S1, sowing and seedling management；Management after S2, grafting and grafting；S3, fertilizer and water management；S4, pruning；S5, flower and fruit protecting；S6, timely collecting；S7, integrated pest prevention and control；S8, overwintering protection.The present invention can solve the problems, such as that emergence rate is low, improve jujube tree initial stage economic benefit, additionally it is possible to improve fruit-setting rate of jujube tree, meet the demand developed now.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the grafting cultivation techniques that jujube tree planting technology field more particularly to a kind of jujube tree are planted.
Background technology
Building well is cultivated to existing jujube and seedling-wood breeding technology does not adapt to production needs, outstanding behaviours is in building well variety pure
After the not high, transplanted seedling tree of degree the problems such as survival rate, established with cutting orchard, wild jujube live streaming, wild jujube seedling be completely cured strong rush, jujube grafting,
Cold region apple building well, the tree-like pruning technique of standardization and jujube garden premature labor Steady product technique are core, and the quick high standard of structure jujube is early
Stable yields and jujube seedling-wood breeding technical system are produced, jujube building well is improved comprehensively and seedling-raising technique is horizontal.For this purpose, we have proposed one
The grafting cultivation technique of kind jujube tree plantation.
Invention content
The present invention proposes a kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation, to solve mentioned above in the background art ask
Topic.
The present invention proposes a kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation, includes the following steps：
S1, sowing and seedling management：Low altitude area, high accumulated temperature arid sand dune region are chosen, April, early and middle ten days were broadcast in the region
Kind wild jujube, and the application rate of wild jujube is 4-5kg/ha, takes uniline drilling, line-spacing 1.4-1.7m, spacing in the rows 0.4- between wild jujube
0.7m, depth of planting 1-4cm also need the protection band of reserved 1-1.3m, and spray suitable moisture on its surface, wait for that wild jujube seedling is long
When to 10-15cm, single plant thinning is stayed by every cave, and apply microorganism fertilizer to its root, carried out when wild jujube seedling grows to 35-45cm
Pinching is handled, to promote plant base portion diameter increment；
Management after S2, grafting and grafting：Wild jujube seedling is proceeded by after the completion of being planted in S1, and in second year at the beginning of 4 months
Grafting, grafted at wild jujube seedling rootstock position, according to the configuration singling of Cold region apple wild jujube seedling spacing in the rows 0.4-0.7m, make to have
Effect strain number reaches 13350 plants/ha or more, cannot pour water in 30d after grafting, descendant of erasing in time weeds with a hoe, and also needs to combine
Pour water and impose chemical fertilizer 2-3 times, and the dosage of chemical fertilizer be 135-165kg/ha, when wild jujube grafting grows to 0.3-0.6m again into
Row pinching, and need to retain 3-6 Secondary Branch, grafting need to terminate at the beginning of 5 months, and carry out water and fertilizer control again at the beginning of the August, promote branch
Lignifying, it is overwintering with profit, then winter irrigation is being carried out by the end of October；
S3, fertilizer and water management：After fruit harvesting, mid-October late September-applies base manure, and every plant of the raw jujube trees of 1-3 apply base
Fertile 10-20kg, 25-40kg is applied in every plant of life in 4,5 years, and urea 0.4-0.5kg and calcium superphosphate 1-2kg is mixed into base manure,
And apply fertilizer ditch spread or by way of spreading manuer in holes, ditch spread or the depth spreaded manuer in holes are 40-50cm, and fertilising position is vertical in tree crown
In drop shadow spread, foliage application can spray water with the florescence and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is combined four or five times annual, general growth early period 2 times,
Based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage two is three times based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer, additionally it is possible to which fill spray certain trace elements, to keep higher soil early period
Earth humidity, the 70%-80% of field capacity, later stage dimension stay in medium level, the 50%-60% of field capacity, in August under
Start Controlled irrigation ten days, mid or late October is filled with enough overwintering water；
S4, pruning；
S5, flower and fruit protecting：Foliar fertilizer is sprayed, 4,5 years raw Cold region apple jujube trees have been enter into fruiting period, at the beginning of first arrival in June 7 months, company
The 0.1-0.3kg boron fertilizers and 0.2-0.3kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquors that continuous spray is 2-3 times, are spaced 8-12 days, the florescence puts bee, big face
Product is cultivated, and manually point is awarded relatively difficult, preferably bee pollination, water spray full-bloom stage water spray, or use and irrigate through furrow, trickle irrigation, keep flower
Phase soil moisture and air humidity improve the fruit-setting rate of jujube；
S6, timely collecting：It is early and middle ten days in October in suitable collection period, mostly uses and shake tree or bar is beaten and shakes off jujube fruit, pay attention to keeping away
Exempt from gravity and beats jujube limb and damage jujube stock；
S7, integrated pest prevention and control：The tertia on trunk major branch is thoroughly struck off in early spring, sticks up skin, and is concentrated and burnt, autumn
In trunk, the upper beam insect adhesive tape of tree fork or trap band, artificial trapping is carried out to pest, binder is taken off within 2 months in second year, is concentrated
It burns and is trimmed in conjunction with Winter-Spring, wipe out disease pest limb and concentrate and burn, the wild jujube seedling of jujube cecidomyiia harm, in conjunction with summer pruning, in 6 months
Ten days extracts the spray and blade that are endangered by jujube cecidomyiia, concentrates buried or burns, tree disk is turned over before freeze-up, can will be overwintering in soil
Jujube cecidomyiia Overwintering Larvae is freezed to death, and hangs frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp insect-killing trapping in orchard, has the spy of phototaxis using over-wintering adult
Point can be trapped and killed at the beginning of -5 months mid-Aprils of adult stage with trapping lamp, and in the gardens jujube tree rudiment Qian Quan, 3-5 ° of Be stone sulphur of spraying closes
300 times of liquid of agent or sulphur deflocculant, control effect is notable, before jujube tree blooms and after fallen flowers, red spider class first generation egg hatching peak period,
1.8% 6000 times of liquid of avermectin etc. can be selected, after mid-July, when red spider quantity reaches every leaf 7-8 heads in mid or late May
When, 1000 times of liquid of 73% 2000-3000 times of liquid of propargite missible oil or 10% macro tetrolide missible oil are sprayed in time, even spray 2-3 times, in jujube
1000 times of 1000-1500 times of liquid of 1 25% mieyotmiao No.3 or matrine are respectively sprayed before and after tree Germination to Frondescent initial stage and the first tenday period of a month in May
Liquid slaughters 800-1000 times of liquid in 40% speed of early and middle ten days spray in June；
S7, overwintering protection：Control is long to be promoted to strengthen, and mid-July, jujube completed Tipping, stopped nitrogen fertilizer application, and late August starts to control
Water sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 times of 0.2-0.3kg at the beginning of the 7-9 months, promote the abundant lignifying of branch；
Winter irrigation and soil is buried, overwintering water, 1-3 treelets ridging, relative water content before soil is freeze-up were filled with enough before the later stage in October
60% hereinafter, 3 years or more jujube tree November early and middle ten days trunk whitewashing, packet grass and infantees, antifreeze and prevent animal from biting, the winter
It cleans the accumulated snow in protection band and on branch season in time, prevents freeze injury.
Preferably, the raw Cold region apple jujube trees of the 4-5 at least top dressing 3 times every year in S4, the 1st time on growth early period, April
Impose 0.3-0.5kg/ plants of urea ten days, the 2nd time at the florescence, June early and middle ten days, the 3rd time in fruit expanding period, July early and middle ten days, with
Based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, 0.3-0.5kg/ plants of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 0.1-0.2kg/ plants of potash fertilizer are applied, fertilizing method is trench digging, ring under tree crown
Shape point is applied or spreads manuer in holes, and depth 15-20cm pours water in time after top dressing.
Preferably, the chemical fertilizer in S2 is specially：Growth chases after chemical fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer early period, and the later stage is based on phosphorus potash fertilizer.
Preferably, the base manure in S3 is the mixture of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer, and organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer rub
Your mass ratio is 7：3.
Preferably, the pruning in S3 is based on summer pruning, supplemented by winter pruning.
Preferably, summer pruning is as follows：
Bud picking, pinching, sparse branching, the particular technique measure for drawing branch are mostly used in pruning method, in grafting current year, work as trunk
Jujube head branch it is long to 4-5 Secondary Branch when timely pinching, promote Secondary Branch robust growth, pinching mid-May to June early and middle ten days into
Row, stays 5-7 to save, and jujube hangs appropriate pinching when bearing fruit 2-4, is conducive to the jujube on Secondary Branch and hangs that lignifying, result are more, head is big, and 4
The middle ten days and the last ten days moon, mid-May to early June was to not development space except sprouting or staying 1cm bud pickings to the jujube head of not growing space
Innovation removes in time.
Preferably, winter pruning is as follows：Trim the time be mid-February to late March, raw jujube tree is repaiied within 4,5 years
Cut, mainly by constant rate of production, enhancing tree vigo(u)r, improve fruit quality for the purpose of, the dry extending head in center is grown to when requiring height 1.5m
Fall head in time, secondary branch growth it is thin and delicate stay 1 or 2 section cutting backs, inspire healthy and strong jujube head branch.
A kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation proposed by the present invention, advantageous effect are：
(1) depth of planting when live streaming under different conditions, sowing quantity are promoted in sandy loam flat planting, clayed soil
Plot trench digging bed planting, can solve the problems, such as that emergence rate is low.
(2) thickness of sowing is respectively 2 meters of 0.5 meter × 1.5 meters of seeding row spacing and wide row, 1 meter of narrow row, 0.5 meter two kinds of spacing in the rows, often
890 plants of mu；Finally formed seeding row spacing is 1.5 × 4 meters after grafting 5 years, is kept a full stand of seedings per acre 111 plants, and jujube tree initial stage economy is improved
Benefit.
(3) carrying out flower and fruit protecting show-how and popularization can be improved by spraying the green health foliar fertilizer of " gibberellic acid "+leaf
Fruit-setting rate of jujube tree.
(4) jujube mid-July completes Tipping, stops nitrogen fertilizer application, and late August starts to control water, and 7-9 sprays 0.2- at the beginning of the month
0.3kg potassium dihydrogen phosphates 2-3 times can effectively facilitate the abundant lignifying of branch.
(5) tertia on trunk major branch can be thoroughly struck off in early spring, sticks up skin, and concentrates and burns, and autumn is in trunk, tree fork
Upper beam insect adhesive tape or bundle trap the trap bands such as grass bundle, carry out artificial trapping to red spider, binder is taken off within 2 months in second year,
Concentration is burnt trims in conjunction with Winter-Spring, wipes out disease pest limb and concentrates and burns, the jujube garden of jujube cecidomyiia harm, in conjunction with summer pruning, June
The middle ten days extracts the spray and blade that are endangered by jujube cecidomyiia, concentrates buried or burns, tree disk is turned over before freeze-up, can will be overwintering in soil
Jujube cecidomyiia Overwintering Larvae freeze to death.Physical control hangs frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp insect-killing trapping in orchard, has using over-wintering adult
The characteristics of phototaxis, can be trapped and killed at the beginning of adult stage mid-April to 5 months with trapping lamp.3-5 ° of the gardens jujube tree rudiment Qian Quan spraying
300 times of liquid of Be lime sulfurs or sulphur deflocculant, control effect is notable, suitable for large-scale promotion.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
The present invention proposes a kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation, includes the following steps：
S1, sowing and seedling management：Low altitude area, high accumulated temperature arid sand dune region are chosen, April, early and middle ten days were broadcast in the region
Kind wild jujube, and the application rate of wild jujube is 4-5kg/ha, takes uniline drilling, line-spacing 1.4-1.7m, spacing in the rows 0.4- between wild jujube
0.7m, depth of planting 1-4cm also need the protection band of reserved 1-1.3m, and spray suitable moisture on its surface, wait for that wild jujube seedling is long
When to 10-15cm, single plant thinning is stayed by every cave, and apply microorganism fertilizer to its root, carried out when wild jujube seedling grows to 35-45cm
Pinching is handled, to promote plant base portion diameter increment；
Management after S2, grafting and grafting：Wild jujube seedling is proceeded by after the completion of being planted in S1, and in second year at the beginning of 4 months
Grafting, grafted at wild jujube seedling rootstock position, according to the configuration singling of Cold region apple wild jujube seedling spacing in the rows 0.4-0.7m, make to have
Effect strain number reaches 13350 plants/ha or more, cannot pour water in 30d after grafting, descendant of erasing in time weeds with a hoe, and also needs to combine
Pour water and impose chemical fertilizer 2-3 times, and the dosage of chemical fertilizer be 135-165kg/ha, when wild jujube grafting grows to 0.3-0.6m again into
Row pinching, and need to retain 3-6 Secondary Branch, grafting need to terminate at the beginning of 5 months, and carry out water and fertilizer control again at the beginning of the August, promote branch
Lignifying, it is overwintering with profit, then winter irrigation is being carried out by the end of October；
S3, fertilizer and water management：After fruit harvesting, mid-October late September-applies base manure, and every plant of the raw jujube trees of 1-3 apply base
Fertile 10-20kg, 25-40kg is applied in every plant of life in 4,5 years, and urea 0.4-0.5kg and calcium superphosphate 1-2kg is mixed into base manure,
And apply fertilizer ditch spread or by way of spreading manuer in holes, ditch spread or the depth spreaded manuer in holes are 40-50cm, and fertilising position is vertical in tree crown
In drop shadow spread, foliage application can spray water with the florescence and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is combined four or five times annual, general growth early period 2 times,
Based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage two is three times based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer, additionally it is possible to which fill spray certain trace elements, to keep higher soil early period
Earth humidity, the 70%-80% of field capacity, later stage dimension stay in medium level, the 50%-60% of field capacity, in August under
Start Controlled irrigation ten days, mid or late October is filled with enough overwintering water；
S4, pruning；
S5, flower and fruit protecting：Foliar fertilizer is sprayed, 4,5 years raw Cold region apple jujube trees have been enter into fruiting period, at the beginning of first arrival in June 7 months, company
The 0.1-0.3kg boron fertilizers and 0.2-0.3kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquors that continuous spray is 2-3 times, are spaced 8-12 days, the florescence puts bee, big face
Product is cultivated, and manually point is awarded relatively difficult, preferably bee pollination, water spray full-bloom stage water spray, or use and irrigate through furrow, trickle irrigation, keep flower
Phase soil moisture and air humidity improve the fruit-setting rate of jujube；
S6, timely collecting：It is early and middle ten days in October in suitable collection period, mostly uses and shake tree or bar is beaten and shakes off jujube fruit, pay attention to keeping away
Exempt from gravity and beats jujube limb and damage jujube stock；
S7, integrated pest prevention and control：The tertia on trunk major branch is thoroughly struck off in early spring, sticks up skin, and is concentrated and burnt, autumn
In trunk, the upper beam insect adhesive tape of tree fork or trap band, artificial trapping is carried out to pest, binder is taken off within 2 months in second year, is concentrated
It burns and is trimmed in conjunction with Winter-Spring, wipe out disease pest limb and concentrate and burn, the wild jujube seedling of jujube cecidomyiia harm, in conjunction with summer pruning, in 6 months
Ten days extracts the spray and blade that are endangered by jujube cecidomyiia, concentrates buried or burns, tree disk is turned over before freeze-up, can will be overwintering in soil
Jujube cecidomyiia Overwintering Larvae is freezed to death, and hangs frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp insect-killing trapping in orchard, has the spy of phototaxis using over-wintering adult
Point can be trapped and killed at the beginning of -5 months mid-Aprils of adult stage with trapping lamp, and in the gardens jujube tree rudiment Qian Quan, 3-5 ° of Be stone sulphur of spraying closes
300 times of liquid of agent or sulphur deflocculant, control effect is notable, before jujube tree blooms and after fallen flowers, red spider class first generation egg hatching peak period,
1.8% 6000 times of liquid of avermectin etc. can be selected, after mid-July, when red spider quantity reaches every leaf 7-8 heads in mid or late May
When, 1000 times of liquid of 73% 2000-3000 times of liquid of propargite missible oil or 10% macro tetrolide missible oil are sprayed in time, even spray 2-3 times, in jujube
1000 times of 1000-1500 times of liquid of 1 25% mieyotmiao No.3 or matrine are respectively sprayed before and after tree Germination to Frondescent initial stage and the first tenday period of a month in May
Liquid slaughters 800-1000 times of liquid in 40% speed of early and middle ten days spray in June；
S7, overwintering protection：Control is long to be promoted to strengthen, and mid-July, jujube completed Tipping, stopped nitrogen fertilizer application, and late August starts to control
Water sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 times of 0.2-0.3kg at the beginning of the 7-9 months, promote the abundant lignifying of branch；
Winter irrigation and soil is buried, overwintering water, 1-3 treelets ridging, relative water content before soil is freeze-up were filled with enough before the later stage in October
60% hereinafter, 3 years or more jujube tree November early and middle ten days trunk whitewashing, packet grass and infantees, antifreeze and prevent animal from biting, the winter
It cleans the accumulated snow in protection band and on branch season in time, prevents freeze injury.
The raw Cold region apple jujube trees of the 4-5 at least top dressing 3 times every year in S4, imposes for the 1st time in growth early period, early April
0.3-0.5kg/ plants of urea, the 2nd time at the florescence, June early and middle ten days, the 3rd time in fruit expanding period, July early and middle ten days, with phosphorus potash fertilizer
Based on, apply 0.3-0.5kg/ plant of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 0.1-0.2kg/ plant of potash fertilizer, fertilizing method be under tree crown trench digging, ring-type put apply
Or spread manuer in holes, depth 15-20cm pours water in time after top dressing.
Chemical fertilizer in S2 is specially：Growth chases after chemical fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer early period, and the later stage is based on phosphorus potash fertilizer.
Base manure in S3 is the mixture of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer, and the molal weight of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer ratio
It is 7：3.
Pruning in S3 is based on summer pruning, supplemented by winter pruning.
Summer pruning is as follows：Bud picking, pinching, sparse branching, the particular technique for drawing branch are mostly used in pruning method
Measure, in grafting current year, when trunk jujube head branch it is long to 4-5 Secondary Branch when timely pinching, promotion Secondary Branch robust growth, pinching
It is carried out in mid-May to early and middle ten days in June, stays 5-7 to save, jujube hangs appropriate pinching when bearing fruit 2-4, and the jujube be conducive on Secondary Branch is hung
Lignifying, result are more, head is big, and mid or late April, which removes, sprouts or stay 1cm bud pickings, mid-May to 6 to the jujube head of not growing space
The first tenday period of a month moon remove the innovation of not development space in time.
Winter pruning is as follows：The time is trimmed as mid-February to late March, raw jujube tree is trimmed within 4,5 years, mainly
For the purpose of constant rate of production, enhancing tree vigo(u)r, raising fruit quality, the dry extending head in center, which is grown to, to be required to fall in time when height 1.5m
Head, secondary branch growth it is thin and delicate stay 1 or 2 section cutting backs, inspire healthy and strong jujube head branch.
Embodiment 2
The jujube kind of suitable Minqin Oasis basin cultivation is based on fine horse jujube, and the kind is quoted from Shanxi, best in quality, early stage
The good resistance of yielding ability is strong, is transplanted in Minqin large area, it is as follows that technology implements production and technical indication：
Structure of output
Effective strain number >=13350 plant/ha；
Single plant jujube fruit number >=270；
20-30g of mean fruit weight；
Average Secondary Branch quantity 9-12/plants；
Effective jujube 5-7/Secondary Branch of stock；
Jujube hangs quantity 3-4/jujube stock；
Jujube fruit 2-3/jujube of quantity is hung；
System does rate >=45%；
Theoretical yield >=10t/ha；
High yield morphological index；
1.1-1.8m of plant height；
2-3cm of trunk diameter；
Secondary Branch quantity >=40,000/ha；
Rational close planting is according in recent years to the investigation and analysis of high-density jujube orchard
4,5 year outputs are in the jujube garden of 5250kg/ha or so, and effective strain number is mostly 1650 plants/ha, and yield is in 10t/
The jujube garden of ha or more, effective strain number is mostly in 4500 plants/hm2 or more.Illustrate that effective strain number is improved under current production level is
One major measure of fine horse jujube early stage high yield.Minqin County Cold region apple jujube garden seeding row spacing is more universal with 0.5m × 1.5m, effectively
Strain number reaches 13350 plants/ha, suitable for area big, prepartion of land, also have using effective strain number 4950 convenient for the field of mechanical planting
Strain/ha, i.e. seeding row spacing 0.5m-4m's, it is suitable for the relatively low plot of soil fertility.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1, sowing and seedling management：Low altitude area, high accumulated temperature arid sand dune region are chosen, April, early and middle ten days carried out sowing acid in the region
Jujube, and the application rate of wild jujube is 4-5kg/ha, takes uniline drilling, line-spacing 1.4-1.7m, spacing in the rows 0.4-0.7m between wild jujube are broadcast
Kind depth 1-4cm also needs the protection band of reserved 1-1.3m, and sprays suitable moisture on its surface, waits for that wild jujube seedling grows to 10-
When 15cm, single plant thinning is stayed by every cave, and apply microorganism fertilizer to its root, pinching is carried out when wild jujube seedling grows to 35-45cm
Processing, to promote plant base portion diameter increment；
Management after S2, grafting and grafting：Transferring for wild jujube seedling is proceeded by after the completion of being planted in S1, and in second year at the beginning of 4 months
It connects, is grafted at wild jujube seedling rootstock position, according to the configuration singling of Cold region apple wild jujube seedling spacing in the rows 0.4-0.7m, make effective strain
Number reaches 13350 plants/ha or more, cannot pour water in 30d after grafting, and descendant of erasing in time weeds with a hoe, and also needs to combine and pour water
Impose chemical fertilizer 2-3 times, and the dosage of chemical fertilizer is 135-165kg/ha, is plucked again when wild jujube grafting grows to 0.3-0.6m
The heart, and need to retain 3-6 Secondary Branch, grafting need to terminate at the beginning of 5 months, and carry out water and fertilizer control again at the beginning of the August, promote branch wood
Matter, it is overwintering with profit, then winter irrigation is being carried out by the end of October；
S3, fertilizer and water management：After fruit harvesting, mid-October late September-applies base manure, 1-3 every plant of basal dressing of raw jujube tree
10-20kg, 25-40kg is applied in every plant of life in 4,5 years, and urea 0.4-0.5kg and calcium superphosphate 1-2kg is mixed into base manure, and
It applies fertilizer ditch spread or by way of spreading manuer in holes, ditch spread or the depth spreaded manuer in holes are 40-50cm, and fertilising position is vertically thrown in tree crown
Within the scope of shadow, foliage application can spray water with the florescence and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is combined four or five times annual, general growth early period 2 times, with
Based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage two is three times based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer, additionally it is possible to which fill spray certain trace elements, to keep higher soil early period
Humidity, the 70%-80% of field capacity, later stage dimension stay in medium level, the 50%-60% of field capacity, mid or late August
Start Controlled irrigation, mid or late October is filled with enough overwintering water；
S4, pruning；
S5, flower and fruit protecting：Foliar fertilizer is sprayed, 4,5 years raw Cold region apple jujube trees have been enter into fruiting period, at the beginning of first arrival in June 7 months, continuous spray
2-3 0.1-0.3kg boron fertilizers and 0.2-0.3kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquors is spaced 8-12 days, and the florescence puts bee, and large area is planted
It trains, manually point is awarded relatively difficult, preferably bee pollination, water spray full-bloom stage water spray, or use and irrigate through furrow, trickle irrigation, keep florescence soil
Earth moisture and air humidity improve the fruit-setting rate of jujube；
S6, timely collecting：It is early and middle ten days in October in suitable collection period, mostly uses and shake tree or bar is beaten and shakes off jujube fruit, pays attention to avoiding again
Power beats jujube limb and damage jujube stock；
S7, integrated pest prevention and control：The tertia on trunk major branch is thoroughly struck off in early spring, sticks up skin, and concentrates and burns, and autumn is setting
Dry, the upper beam insect adhesive tape of tree fork or trap band, carry out artificial trapping to pest, take off binder within 2 months in second year, concentration is burnt
It is trimmed in conjunction with Winter-Spring, wipes out disease pest limb and concentrate and burn, the wild jujube seedling of jujube cecidomyiia harm is plucked in conjunction with summer pruning mid-June
Except the spray and blade endangered by jujube cecidomyiia, concentrates buried or burn, tree disk is turned over before freeze-up, it can be by jujube goitre overwintering in soil
Mosquito Overwintering Larvae is freezed to death, and hangs frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp insect-killing trapping in orchard, has the characteristics that phototaxis using over-wintering adult, can
At the beginning of -5 months mid-Aprils of adult stage, trapped and killed with trapping lamp, 3-5 ° of Be lime sulfur of spraying or sulphur in the gardens jujube tree rudiment Qian Quan
300 times of liquid of suspending agent, control effect is notable, before jujube tree blooms and after fallen flowers, red spider class first generation egg hatching peak period, in 5 months
1.8% 6000 times of liquid of avermectin etc. can be selected in the last ten-days period, after mid-July, when red spider quantity reaches every leaf 7-8, and
When spray 1000 times of liquid of 73% 2000-3000 times of liquid of propargite missible oil or 10% macro tetrolide missible oil, even spray 2-3 times, sprouts in jujube tree
1000 times of liquid of 1000-1500 times of liquid of 1 25% mieyotmiao No.3 or matrine are respectively sprayed before and after bud lamina initial stage and the first tenday period of a month in May, 6
40% speed of moon early and middle ten days spray slaughters 800-1000 times of liquid；
S8, overwintering protection：Control is long to be promoted to strengthen, and mid-July, jujube completed Tipping, stops nitrogen fertilizer application, and late August starts to control water,
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 times of 0.2-0.3kg is sprayed at the beginning of the 7-9 months, promotes the abundant lignifying of branch；
Winter irrigation and soil is buried, overwintering water, 1-3 treelets ridging, relative water content 60% before soil is freeze-up were filled with enough before the later stage in October
Hereinafter, 3 years or more jujube trees November early and middle ten days trunk whitewashing, packet grass and infantees, it is antifreeze and prevent animal from biting, winter and
When clean protection band in and branch on accumulated snow, prevent freeze injury.
2. a kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：4-5 is raw in S4
At least top dressing 3 times every year of Cold region apple jujube tree, the 1st time in growth early period, early April imposes 0.3-0.5kg/ plants of urea, the 2nd time
At the florescence, June early and middle ten days, the 3rd time in fruit expanding period, July, early and middle ten days applied Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.3- based on phosphorus potash fertilizer
0.5kg/ plants, 0.1-0.2kg/ plants of potash fertilizer, fertilizing method is that trench digging under tree crown, cyclic annular point are applied or spread manuer in holes, depth 15-20cm,
It pours water in time after top dressing.
3. a kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Chemical fertilizer tool in S2
Body is：Growth chases after chemical fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer early period, and the later stage is based on phosphorus potash fertilizer.
4. a kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Base manure in S3 is
The mixture of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer, and the molal weight of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer ratio is 7：3.
5. a kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Shaping in S3 is repaiied
It cuts based on summer pruning, supplemented by winter pruning.
6. a kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Summer pruning specifically walks
It is rapid as follows：
Bud picking, pinching, sparse branching, the particular technique measure for drawing branch are mostly used in pruning method, in grafting current year, when trunk jujube head
Branch it is long to 4-5 Secondary Branch when timely pinching, promote Secondary Branch robust growth, pinching in mid-May to early and middle ten days in June progress,
5-7 is stayed to save, jujube hangs appropriate pinching when bearing fruit 2-4, is conducive to the jujube on Secondary Branch and hangs that lignifying, result are more, head is big, April
The middle ten days and the last ten days, which removes, sprouts or stays 1cm bud pickings, mid-May to early June new to not development space on the jujube head of not growing space
Raw branch removes in time.
7. a kind of grafting cultivation technique of jujube tree plantation according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Winter pruning specifically walks
It is rapid as follows：It is mid-February to late March to trim the time, raw jujube tree trimming in 4,5 years, mainly with constant rate of production, enhance tree vigo(u)r, carry
For the purpose of high fruit quality, the dry extending head in center, which is grown to, requires to fall head in time when height 1.5m, secondary branch growth it is thin and delicate stay 1 or
2 section cutting backs, inspire healthy and strong jujube head branch.
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| CN110150139A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-23 | 塔里木大学 | A method of moveable convenient jujube cross combination |
| CN111615983A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-04 | 李孔 | Planting technology of Mongolian jujube trees |
| CN112970505A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-18 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Integrated application and method for improving disease resistance of fruit tree body |
| CN114946509A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-08-30 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating crisp jujube |
| CN115428690A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2022-12-06 | 临猗县长艳果品种植专业合作社 | Greenhouse double-season fresh jujube cultivation technology and management method |
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| CN115428690A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2022-12-06 | 临猗县长艳果品种植专业合作社 | Greenhouse double-season fresh jujube cultivation technology and management method |
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