CN112868448A

CN112868448A - Tea leaf standardized planting method

Info

Publication number: CN112868448A
Application number: CN202011506089.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汤守章
Original assignee: Hubei Xuguang Biotechnology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Hubei Xuguang Biotechnology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-18
Filing date: 2020-12-18
Publication date: 2021-06-01

Abstract

The invention discloses a tea leaf standardized planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting soil: 1. selecting soil with a soil layer depth of more than 60CM, measuring the pH value of the soil, applying lime or plant ash to the soil when the acidity is high, applying farmyard manure and organic fertilizer, and applying a small amount of aluminum sulfate or sulfur powder and applying phosphate fertilizer to the soil when the alkalinity is high so that the pH value of the soil is 4.5-6.5. The invention is more beneficial to controlling the balance of fertilization by controlling the proportion of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and controlling the fertilizing amount per mu, is convenient to collect organic matters and human excrement and urine by constructing concentrated broken branches, weed smashing fields and public toilets in a tea garden, is convenient to manufacture farmyard manure, and reduces the fertilizing cost.

Description

Tea leaf standardized planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tea planting, in particular to a tea standardized planting method.

Background

Tea water is the most common thing for people to be waited in China, the history of tea planting in China is quite long and is a quite important part in ancient culture in China, and the tea planting technology directly influences the yield and quality of tea;

the traditional tea planting method is not standard enough in the aspects of fertilization balance, freezing prevention in winter and the like, and the traditional planting method is not beneficial to tea tree growth and cost control because farmyard manure, organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and the like are used and fertilization balance is not carefully controlled, so that a standard planting method needs to be explored to meet the requirements of tea yield and quality of people.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a tea leaf standardized planting method.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a tea leaf standardized planting method comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting soil: 1. Selecting soil with a soil layer depth of more than 60CM, measuring the pH value of the soil, applying lime or plant ash to the soil when the acidity is higher, applying farmyard manure and organic fertilizer, and applying a small amount of aluminum sulfate or sulfur powder and phosphate fertilizer to the soil when the alkalinity is higher, so that the pH value of the soil is 4.5-6.5, and selecting a near-water-source land with a thick soil layer for the planting land to prevent drought;

2. and selecting a hillside or a hillside with the gradient below 25 degrees to plant the tea trees.

(2) The planting method comprises the following steps:

1. adopting two methods of tea seedling and tea seed sowing and seedling raising, adopting good tea tree seeds with high yield, quality, stress resistance, adaptability and strong resistance to main diseases and insect pests when the tea seedling is planted, adopting the tea seeds to sow and seedling and selecting full, solid, deep and glossy tea seeds without damage, mildew and moth;

2. the planting ditch is 20-30 cm deep and 20-30 cm wide, a single plant planting method is adopted, the planting row spacing is 1.2-1.5m, the plant spacing in the same row is 0.6-0.8m, and 2000-3000 plants are planted per mu.

(3) The fertilization requirement is as follows:

1. applying base fertilizer, applying 2000 kg or 100 kg of farmyard manure or 500 kg of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer in each mu of the dug planting ditch;

2. fertilizing in spring, namely applying 40-60 kg of urea or 100-140 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu, wherein the fertilizer is generally applied in summer before and after summer solstice, the fertilizer consumption is half of that in spring, the fertilizer consumption in autumn is the same as that in summer, the ammonium bicarbonate is used for ditching and strip applying covering soil among tea rows, and the urea can be sprinkled among the rows after raining;

3. soil improvement and topdressing in winter, deep ploughing and fertilizing furrows 25-35 cm in depth and 20-30 cm in width in winter, and applying 40-50 kilograms of organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer of 200-300 kilograms per mu.

(4) Pruning tea trees:

1. cutting young tea trees: when the tea seedlings grow to be more than 30cm before autumn, cutting off the part more than 15-20cm away from the ground, cutting off the part more than 30-35cm away from the ground for the second time, cutting off the part more than 45-50 cm away from the ground for the third time, cutting into an arc shape and culturing tree crowns at the position about 60-70cm away from the ground for the fourth time, wherein the second to fourth time of fixed cutting are all used for cutting branches which have the stem thickness of more than 0.4cm, the spread leaf number of more than 7-8 leaves and reach semi-lignification on the basis of the last fixed cutting;

2. when the tea season is over, slightly trimming, trimming branches protruding from the crown surface of the tree, generally trimming about 3-5 cm, wherein the trimming period is required to be performed before 5 months ten days, and trimming branches protruding, insect-infected branches, aged branches and the like; the tea tree is deeply pruned before spring tea or after the tea season is finished, the deep pruning is mainly used for tea trees with crown branches which are too dense, chicken claw branches and withered branches appear, a large amount of leaf clamping occurs, the tea yield is obviously reduced, and the deep pruning depth is to prune branches of 10-15 cm on the crown surface.

(5) Pest control:

1. through chemical pesticide control, 0.2-0.5% copper sulfate solution can be sprayed during summer control, the copper sulfate solution is sprayed once every 7 days and is continuously sprayed for 2-3 times, diseased leaves caused by tea bud blight are distorted and are irregular, scorch, black or blackish brown, the diseased leaves generally occur on tender leaves of summer tea, 70% of thiophanate methyl 75-100 g can be sprayed per mu, 50 kg of water is added, the copper sulfate solution is sprayed once every 7 days, and larvae of tea caterpillars, tea geometrids and the like eating tender leaves can be sprayed once every mu with 100 g of 90% wettable trichlorfon powder, 45 kg of water is added, and the copper sulfate solution is sprayed once every 5-7 days;

2. the tea garden is provided with the trap lamp, and the insects are trapped and killed by utilizing light.

(6) Preparing the agricultural fertilizer:

1. a brick house and a public toilet are arranged near a tea garden, trimmed waste materials such as broken branches, weeds, dead leaves and straws are intensively crushed in the brick house, the public toilet is used for collecting human excrement, the crushed waste materials are mixed and stirred with the human excrement, water and soil, and are piled into a circular pile with the diameter of more than 2 meters to form a long pile with the width of 2.5 meters and the length of no limit, the pile height is 1.5-2 meters, a plurality of grass handles can be erected in the pile for ventilation, the pile is used for piling, covering and fermenting to prepare compost, and chemical fertilizers can be mixed for use when the compost is used.

Preferably, straw is paved between the ground surfaces, the thickness is 8-10 cm, and the permeability and the water storage capacity of the soil are improved.

Preferably, weeding is carried out once every three months, and directional stem leaf treatment can be carried out twice in summer and autumn by using glyphosate biocidal herbicide.

Preferably, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 2-4:1: 1.

Preferably, the spring fertilizer, the summer fertilizer and the autumn fertilizer are applied to the outer edge of a water dripping line of the tree crown of the tea tree, a fertilizing ditch which is 15-20cm deep is dug, the fertilizer is uniformly applied to the ditch, and soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied.

Preferably, the fertilizer and the foliar nutrient solution are sprayed in summer and autumn, and can be sprayed in the evening or the cloudy day after the dew is dry in the morning of sunny days, and the leaf backs of the tea trees are required to be sprayed with moisture.

Preferably, lime sulphur mixture of Baume 0.5-1 degree is sprayed all over the garden in winter to reduce the number of overwintering pests, and 300ppm ethephon is sprayed once to reduce the amount of flowers in the full season of the flowering tea trees.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the invention is more beneficial to controlling the balance of fertilization by controlling the proportion of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and controlling the fertilizing amount per mu, and is convenient for collecting organic matters and human excrement, making farmyard manure and reducing the fertilizing cost by constructing concentrated broken branches, weed smashing land and public toilets in the tea garden;

2. by controlling the pH value of the soil and adjusting the pH of the soil, the soil can be controlled under the slightly acidic condition, which is convenient for the growth foundation of the tea and is more beneficial to controlling the yield and the quality of the tea,

3. by laying straws on the ground, the permeability and the water storage capacity of the soil are increased, the antifreezing capability in winter is facilitated, and the reduction of pests is facilitated

4. Through controlling a plurality of links of tea planting, a standardized planting method is more favorably formed, and the controllability of tea planting is stronger.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

A tea leaf standardized planting method comprises the following steps:

(2) The planting method comprises the following steps:

2. the planting furrows are dug to be 20-30 cm deep and 20-30 cm wide, a single plant field planting method is adopted, the spacing between the planting rows is 1.2-1.5m, the plant spacing in the same row is 0.6-0.8m, 2000-3000 plants are planted per mu, sufficient root fixing water needs to be poured during the first planting, a layer of loose soil is covered, the old tea garden is cultivated in the furrows, the quintozene is required for disinfection treatment, the planting density can be ensured during planting, and the reasonable planting density is favorable for the quality and the yield of tea.

(4) The fertilization requirement is as follows:

(4) Pruning tea trees:

1. cutting young tea trees: the method comprises the following steps that when tea seedlings grow to be more than 30cm before autumn, parts more than 15-20cm away from the ground are cut off, parts more than 30-35cm away from the ground are cut off, parts more than 45-50 cm away from the ground are cut off, and branches which are half lignified and have stem thicknesses of more than 0.4cm and leaf spreading numbers of more than 7-8 leaves are cut off around 60-70cm away from the ground for the fourth time;

(5) Pest control:

1. through chemical pesticide control, 0.2-0.5% copper sulfate solution can be sprayed during summer control, the copper sulfate solution is sprayed once every 7 days and is continuously sprayed for 2-3 times, diseased leaves caused by tea bud blight are distorted and are irregular, scorch-like, diseased spots are black or dark brown, the diseased leaves generally occur on tender leaves of summer tea, 70% of thiophanate methyl 75-100 g can be sprayed per mu, 50 kg of water is added for spraying, the copper sulfate solution is sprayed once every 7 days, young leaves eaten by tea caterpillars, tea geometrids and the like can be sprayed once every 5-7 days with 150 g of 90% wettable trichlorfon powder 100-100 per mu, 45 kg of water is added for spraying, and the copper sulfate solution is sprayed once every 5-7 days, and low-volume spraying is advocated during spraying;

2. the insect trapping lamp is arranged in the tea garden, the light is used for trapping and killing insects, and the phototaxis of the insects is used for trapping and killing the insect trapping lamp in the adult stage of the insects, so that the field occurrence amount is reduced;

when pest control is carried out, biological control technologies such as insect pathogenic bacteria, abamectin and the like can also be adopted to control the damage of tea plant diseases and pests.

(6) Preparing the agricultural fertilizer:

1. the method is characterized in that a brick house and a public toilet are arranged near a tea garden, trimmed waste materials such as broken branches, weeds, dead leaves and straws are intensively crushed in the brick house, the public toilet is used for collecting human excrement, the crushed waste materials are mixed and stirred with the human excrement, water and soil, and are piled into a circular pile with the diameter of more than 2 meters to form a long pile with the width of 2.5 meters and the length of no limit, the pile is 1.5-2 meters high, a plurality of straw bundles can be erected in the pile to ventilate for piling and fermenting to prepare compost, the compost can be mixed with chemical fertilizers when in use, fine soil can be scattered on the surface of the compost for sealing, the fine soil is used for heat preservation and fermentation of the compost, and the organic waste materials are intensively collected and treated to be matched with excrement of human livestock for comprehensive utilization, so that the fertilization cost is reduced.

Furthermore, straw is paved between the ground, the thickness is 8-10 cm, the permeability and the water storage capacity of the soil are improved, and meanwhile the anti-freezing capacity of the tea trees is improved.

Furthermore, weeding is carried out once every three months, the glyphosate biocidal herbicide can be used, the stem leaf treatment is carried out twice in summer and autumn, and intertillage and soil loosening are combined during weeding, so that the growth of tea is facilitated.

Furthermore, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the compound fertilizer is 2-4:1:1, the tea planting fertilizer mainly comprises N, P, K compound fertilizer, and the yield and quality of tea are ensured by controlling the balance of the fertilizer application.

Further, spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer need to be applied to the outer edge of a water dripping line of a tree crown of the tea tree by digging a fertilizing ditch which is 15-20cm deep, the fertilizer is uniformly applied to the ditch, and the fertilizer is applied to the ditch and then covered with soil and is 20-25 cm deep when base fertilizer is applied.

Further, the fertilizer and the foliar nutrient solution are sprayed in summer and autumn, the fertilizer and the foliar nutrient solution can be sprayed in the evening or the cloudy day after the sunny morning is dry in dew, the leaf backs and the leaves of the tea trees are required to be wet, and the fertilizer is sprayed in summer and autumn to be used as extra-root topdressing.

Furthermore, lime sulphur mixture of Baume 0.5-1 degree is sprayed in the whole garden in winter to reduce the number of overwintering disease and pest base, 300ppm ethephon is sprayed once in the full season of the flowering tea trees to reduce the flower amount, and grass spreading covering or planting of winter green manure crops such as astragalus sinicus and the like is carried out on young tea gardens and tea gardens of varieties with poor cold resistance, so that the cold resistance is improved, and the organic fertilizer source is increased.

After the tea season is finished, the tea garden, and dead branches, fallen leaves and weed stalks around the tea garden are cleaned out of the garden to be burnt or buried deeply, and are decomposed by soil microorganisms to provide fertility, so that the occurrence of leaf diseases and overwintering pests in the soil can be effectively reduced.

Claims

1. The tea leaf standardized planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. selecting a hillside or a hill with the gradient below 25 ℃ to plant the tea trees;

(2) the planting method comprises the following steps:

2. the planting ditch is dug to be 20-30 cm deep and 20-30 cm wide, a single plant planting method is adopted, the planting row spacing is 1.2-1.5m, the plant spacing in the same row is 0.6-0.8m, and 2000-3000 plants are planted per mu;

the fertilization requirement is as follows:

3. soil improvement and topdressing in winter, deep ploughing and fertilizing furrows 25-35 cm in depth and 20-30 cm in width in winter, and applying 40-50 kilograms of organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer of 200-300 kilograms per mu;

(4) pruning tea trees:

2. when the tea season is over, slightly trimming, trimming branches protruding from the crown surface of the tree, generally trimming about 3-5 cm, wherein the trimming period is required to be performed before 5 months ten days, and trimming branches protruding, insect-infected branches, aged branches and the like; deep pruning is carried out before spring tea or after the tea season is over, the deep pruning is mainly used for tea trees with crown branches which are too dense, chicken claw branches and withered branches appear, a large amount of leaf clamping occurs, the tea yield is obviously reduced, and the deep pruning depth is to prune branches of 10-15 cm on the crown surface;

(5) pest control:

through chemical pesticide control, 0.2-0.5% copper sulfate solution can be sprayed during summer control, the copper sulfate solution is sprayed once every 7 days and is continuously sprayed for 2-3 times, diseased leaves caused by tea bud blight are distorted and are irregular, scorch, black or blackish brown, the diseased leaves generally occur on tender leaves of summer tea, 70% of thiophanate methyl 75-100 g can be sprayed per mu, 50 kg of water is added, the copper sulfate solution is sprayed once every 7 days, and larvae of tea caterpillars, tea geometrids and the like eating tender leaves can be sprayed once every mu with 100 g of 90% wettable trichlorfon powder, 45 kg of water is added, and the copper sulfate solution is sprayed once every 5-7 days;

2. a trap lamp is arranged in the tea garden, and light is used for trapping and killing;

(6) preparing the agricultural fertilizer:

2. The tea leaf standardized planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein straw is paved between the ground, the thickness is 8-10 cm, and the permeability and water storage capacity of soil are increased.

3. The tea leaf standardized planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein weeding is performed once every three months, and directional stem leaf treatment can be performed twice in summer and autumn by using glyphosate biocidal herbicide.

4. The tea leaf standardized planting method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 2-4:1: 1.

5. The tea leaf standardized planting method according to claim 1, wherein spring fertilizer, summer fertilizer and autumn fertilizer are applied at the outer edge of a water dripping line of a crown of the tea tree, a fertilizing ditch with the depth of 15 cm to 20cm is dug, the fertilizer is uniformly applied in the ditch, and soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied.

6. The tea leaf standardized planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer and the foliar nutrient solution are sprayed in summer and autumn, and the fertilizer and the foliar nutrient solution can be sprayed in the evening or cloudy day after dew is dry in the morning in sunny days, and the leaf backs and the leaves of the tea trees are required to be sprayed with moisture.

7. The tea leaf standardized planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying of lime mixture of Baume 0.5-1 degree is performed in winter to reduce the number of overwintering disease pests, and 300ppm ethephon is applied once to reduce the amount of flowers in the full season of the flowered tea tree.