CN114931057A - Method for improving olive cultivation soil in Jinsha river valley region - Google Patents
Method for improving olive cultivation soil in Jinsha river valley region Download PDFInfo
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- CN114931057A CN114931057A CN202210687972.7A CN202210687972A CN114931057A CN 114931057 A CN114931057 A CN 114931057A CN 202210687972 A CN202210687972 A CN 202210687972A CN 114931057 A CN114931057 A CN 114931057A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving olive cultivation soil in Jinsha river valley areas, which belongs to the technical field of olive cultivation and comprises the following aspects: (1) deeply ploughing soil: in autumn and winter, deeply ploughing soil; (2) applying calcium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer: in autumn and winter, applying a calcium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer according to the pH value of garden soil by combining deep ploughing; (3) applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer: applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer after 10-11 months; applying nitrogen fertilizer and boron fertilizer as first top dressing for 1-2 months, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as second top dressing for 6-7 months; (4) applying a microbial fertilizer: once in spring or autumn; (5) leguminous plants or traditional Chinese medicinal materials are intercropped. The method can obviously improve the yield of the olive and increase the income, and can further improve the profit of the unit area of the land on the basis of the original income increase by intercropping other varieties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of olive cultivation, in particular to a method for improving olive cultivation soil in Jinsha river valley areas.
Background
Olea europaea (Olea europaea) is a world-known woody and fruit-bearing tree species, the fruits of which are rich in high-quality edible vegetable oil (olive oil). As olive oil is more and more popular with consumers, the consumption market of olive oil is more and more extensive. At present, the olive planting area of China is about 120 ten thousand mu, and the olive planting area is mainly distributed in provinces such as Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Sichuan.
The olive is a species of introduction, faces a plurality of technical bottlenecks in the aspect of cultivation management, and restricts the development of the olive industry to a certain extent. Research of an olive expert Dengming professor (2005) proposes that olives are typical crops in a mediterranean area, and the climate conditions of the area are completely different from those of an olive introduction area in China, so that the selection of an olive planting garden needs to fully consider the climate and soil conditions, the soil of the garden needs to be treated before planting, and the whole depth is turned by 80-100 cm. The study of plum blossom (2006) considers that olive fruiting is closely related to soil texture and water content. Wuwanbo et al (2006) found that high and stable yield can be obtained by cultivating olea europaea in olea europaea suitable areas under different climatic conditions by improving cultivation technology, selecting suitable varieties, improving soil and enhancing tree management. The study of the plum convergent frames (2010) shows that the growth period of the Chinese rainy season is consistent with that of the olive, but the olive is sensitive to accumulated water, the accumulated water is easy to cause root rot and other diseases, and the root system of a soil layer is easy to grow badly. Studies of Zhaoyang, et al (2017) suggest that different olive varieties have different drought resistance, and the SOD, POD and CAT activities of the leaves of the olive varieties change along with the aggravation of drought stress. Studies such as Johan et al (2018) show that improvement of soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activity and microbial quantity can promote the growth, flower bud differentiation and fruit setting conditions of olive, and the soil water content, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content, quick-acting phosphorus content, soil urease activity, phosphatase activity and sucrase activity of orchard can be remarkably improved by intercropping deep-rooted naturally-grown grass and shallow-rooted peas.
Climate conditions, light and moisture are important factors affecting the normal growth of olive plants, while soil structure is a key factor affecting olive yield. Therefore, the improvement of soil to promote the normal growth of olives and increase the yield is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for improving the olive cultivation soil in the Jinsha river valley region, which aims at the characteristics of acidity, viscosity, easy hardening and the like of the olive plantation soil in the Jinsha river valley region, and improves the soil, so that the high-quality growth, high yield and stable yield of the olives are realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving olive cultivation soil in Jinsha river valley areas comprises the following steps:
(1) deeply ploughing soil: in autumn and winter, soil is deeply ploughed;
(2) applying calcium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer: in autumn and winter, applying a calcium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer according to the pH value of garden soil by combining deep ploughing;
(3) applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer: applying organic fertilizer as base fertilizer for 10-11 months; applying nitrogen fertilizer and boron fertilizer as first top dressing for 1-2 months, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as second top dressing for 6-7 months;
(4) applying a microbial fertilizer: the medicine is applied once in spring and autumn;
(5) intercropping leguminous plants or Chinese medicinal materials.
The olea europaea is a nitrogen-philic and calcium-philic plant, and requires fertile soil and is rich in calcium; the oxygen demand of the root system is very high, and the soil ventilation is required to be good. The soil in the Jinsha river valley region of the olive suitable growing area in China is mostly neutral or slightly acidic soil which is lack of calcium, and has low organic matter content, poor structure and poor fertility. After the olive fruits enter the fruiting period, soil is easy to harden, fertility is reduced, growth of the olive root system is affected, tree vigor is weakened, and yield is reduced. The inventor is engaged in the cultivation and management technical research of economic forests such as olive for a long time, and develops the soil improvement method aiming at the characteristics of slightly acidic soil, heavy soil, easy hardening and the like of olive plantation. The method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, saves the cost, effectively improves the restriction of soil conditions on the yield of the olive, and has an important popularization value.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the pH value, CaCO and the like of the olive garden soil are measured before the soil is improved 3 And determining the fertilizing amount according to the measured value, wherein the contents of organic matters, quick-acting N, quick-acting P, quick-acting K and the like are determined.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, (1) the depth of the deep ploughing soil is 20-30 cm, and deep ploughing is carried out on the whole garden or according to the projection area of the plant crown.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, (2) the calcium fertilizer is one or more of lime powder or calcium superphosphate, and the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or ammonium phosphate.
More preferably, in the step (2), the pH value of neutral soil is 7.0, and 50kg of calcium superphosphate is applied per mu;
for subacid soil, 60kg of lime powder and 50kg of calcium superphosphate are applied per mu;
for alkaline soil, organic fertilizer is additionally applied or acidic fertilizer such as monoammonium phosphate is added.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the organic fertilizer (3) is applied to each plant with the age of less than 5 years by 20-30kg, each plant with the age of 5-10 years by 30-50kg and each plant with the age of more than 10 years by 50-100 kg.
The first topdressing is carried out for 1-2 months, the nitrogen fertilizer and the boron fertilizer are applied at the time just in the flower bud differentiation and germination stage of the olea europaea, the fertilizer requirement is large, the fertilizer application can meet the nutrient requirement of the olea europaea for flowering and strip-drawing growth, the complete flower proportion can be improved, and the spring tip drawing and fertilization fruit setting rate can be improved. Reduce flower and fruit drop and improve yield. And (4) topdressing for the second time, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers are applied for 6-7 months, and 1-1.5kg of the fertilizer is applied to each fruiting tree. The olive in the summer young sprout growing stage and the fruit expanding stage are the oil accumulation and conversion stage, the requirements of young sprout growing, fruit growing and oil accumulation on nutrients can be met after fertilization, fruit drop can be reduced, the fruit quality and weight can be improved, and the oil content of the fruit can be improved.
As a preferable technical scheme, the microbial fertilizer (4) is a compound microbial agent consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, can improve the granular structure of soil, decompose phosphorus and potassium, fix nitrogen, promote rooting, enhance the water retention and air permeability of soil and the like, and is applied at 40-50 g/strain.
And digging an annular groove in the crown by adopting a compound microbial agent, wherein the depth of the annular groove is 10-20cm, and 40-50 g of the compound microbial agent is applied to each plant. The fertilizer and water combined fertilizer and water.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the intercropping leguminous plants or traditional Chinese medicinal materials are (5), the olive trees are used for intercropping traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as rhizoma polygonati, radix asparagi and the like, or leguminous plants such as peanuts, soybeans, mung beans and the like are interplanted.
More preferably, (5) interplanting sealwort, planting in 3-4 months or 8-9 months, planting 1500-2000 tubers per mu, digging in 3-5 years, and obtaining 4000-10000 yuan per year of average profit.
Intercropping peanuts, and sowing in spring and autumn, wherein 10-15 kg of peanuts are planted per mu; harvesting in 11-12 months or 4-5 months next year, and the profit per mu year is about 1500 yuan.
The Chinese medicinal materials such as rhizoma polygonati, radix paeoniae alba, radix codonopsitis, platycodon grandiflorum, pinellia ternate, radix asparagi and the like are intercropped among the olive tree rows, or leguminous plants such as peanuts, soybeans, mung beans and the like are interplanted, so that the economic income of an orchard is increased, the soil curing is accelerated, the water and fertilizer loss of the ground is reduced, the olive growth is promoted, the combination of the land use and the land cultivation is realized, and the purpose of short cultivation and long cultivation is achieved.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method for improving the olive cultivation soil in the Jinshajiang river valley region is disclosed, compared with conventional fertilization, the method can obviously improve the yield of the olive and increase the income, and meanwhile, the profit of the unit area of the land can be further improved on the basis of the original income increase by intercropping other varieties.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for improving olive cultivation soil in Jinsha river valley areas, wherein the used raw materials are all commercially available, for example, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be purchased from Yunnan chemical limited, and microbial fertilizer can be purchased from Zhengzhou Zhongzhou chemical product limited, the sources of the microbial fertilizer are not specifically limited, and the related methods are conventional methods if no special mention is made, and are not repeated.
Example 1
A method for improving olive cultivation soil in Jinsha river valley areas comprises the following steps:
(1) deeply ploughing soil: in autumn and winter, soil is deeply ploughed;
and (3) deeply ploughing the soil with the depth of 20-30 cm, and deeply ploughing the whole garden or deeply ploughing according to the projection area of the plant crown.
(2) Application of calcium and phosphate fertilizers: in autumn and winter, applying a calcium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer according to the pH value of garden soil by combining deep ploughing; the calcium fertilizer is one or more of lime powder or calcium superphosphate, and the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or ammonium phosphate.
For neutral soil, pH value is 7.0, 50kg of calcium superphosphate is applied per mu;
for subacid soil, 60kg of lime powder and 50kg of calcium superphosphate are applied per mu;
for alkaline soil, organic fertilizer is additionally applied or acidic fertilizer such as monoammonium phosphate is added.
(3) Applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer: applying organic fertilizer as base fertilizer for 10-11 months; applying nitrogen fertilizer and boron fertilizer as first top dressing for 1-2 months, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as second top dressing for 6-7 months;
organic fertilizer, 20-30kg is applied to each plant with the age of less than 5 years, 30-50kg is applied to each plant with the age of 5-10 years, and 50-100kg is applied to each plant with the age of more than 10 years;
the first topdressing is a compound fertilizer (N, P, K: 15-15-15) and a boron fertilizer, the application amount is 0.5-1.0 kg/plant of the compound fertilizer in the tree age of less than 10 years, and the application amount is 0.05-0.1 kg/plant of the boron fertilizer; 1-2 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.2kg of boron fertilizer per plant at the age of 10 years and above;
and the second additional fertilizer is a foliar fertilizer applied for 3-5 months, wherein the foliar fertilizer contains 0.1-0.2% of urea and 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate or 0.1-0.2% of boric acid.
(4) Applying a microbial fertilizer: the medicine is applied once in spring and autumn;
the microbial fertilizer is a compound microbial agent consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the application amount is 40-50 g per strain.
(5) Intercropping leguminous plants or traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
Leguminous plants or traditional Chinese medicinal materials are intercropped, traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as rhizoma polygonati and radix asparagi are intercropped in olive rows, or leguminous plants such as peanut, soybean and mung bean are interplanted. When the sealwort is intercropped, planting is carried out in 3-4 months or 8-9 months, 1500-plus 2000 plants are planted in each mu of tuber, and the tubers are dug in 3-5 years; when the peanuts are intercropped, sowing 10-15 kg of the peanuts per mu in spring and autumn; harvesting in 11-12 months or 4-5 months in the next year.
Example 2
Experiments were conducted in the olive orchard of Daegie county, Yulong county, Lijiang City to study the relationship between olive yield and economic benefits and soil fertilization. A10-mu plot is selected for the experiment, and 22 olive bean fruit seeds growing for 2 years are planted in each mu. 8 mu of the fertilizer application group is used as a test group, a fertilizer application test is carried out according to the mode of example 1, 2 mu of conventional fertilizer application (once base fertilizer and once additional fertilizer are applied every year) is used as a control, and the pH value and the nutrient element content of the soil are measured and compared.
And (4) testing flowers and fruits in the third year after the 2-year-old bean fruit variety is planted, entering a fruit producing period in the fourth year, and testing yield in the fifth year. The results show that: compared with a control group, the total nitrogen of the soil of the test group is increased by 129%, the available phosphorus and the available potassium are respectively increased by 83.8% and 28.3%, the organic matter is increased by 97.7%, the pH value is increased to 7.2 from 6.8, the yield of fresh fruits is improved by 80%, and the profit is improved by 116%. See table 1.
TABLE 1 fertility improvement effect and economic benefit after soil improvement
Example 3 (intercropping sealwort)
Selecting 10 mu of Mingyun Zhenzhen Olive gardens of Yulong county of Lijiang city in 2018, planting No. 8 Hubei plants for 5 years in 10 mu, performing soil improvement and management in the embodiment 1 mode for 10 mu of Olive gardens, intercropping Chinese medicinal material rhizoma polygonati between 5 mu of lines, and intercropping 3000 rhizoma polygonati seedlings per mu of the olive gardens; 5 mu of single olive planting. After the olive variety Hubei is planted with No. 8 fixed value, the flower and fruit test is carried out in 4 th year, and the fruit production period is reached in 5 th year; after the sealwort seedlings are planted, the sealwort can be dug in 3 rd year. In 2018 and 2020, the test results of the test of the sample plot of the intercropped polygonatum and the single olive planting are shown in the table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison of olive single planting and interline sealwort
As can be seen in table 2: under the same conditions, the yield per mu of the sealwort is increased by 4% compared with the single olive planting, a certain economic benefit is obtained for the sealwort, the total income is increased by 103%, and the land utilization efficiency per unit area is increased. Sealwort belongs to a shade plant and is planted under olive trees, so that the shading effect is achieved, and the cost for building a shading net is saved; secondly, sealwort planting needs fine management, and frequent fertilization and frequent watering are needed, so that the olive increases the water and fertilizer absorption while sealwort management is carried out, and the olive management cost is reduced.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving olive cultivation soil in Jinsha river valley areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) deeply ploughing soil: in autumn and winter, deeply ploughing soil;
(2) application of calcium and phosphate fertilizers: in autumn and winter, applying a calcium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer according to the pH value of garden soil by combining deep ploughing;
(3) applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer: applying organic fertilizer as base fertilizer for 10-11 months; applying nitrogen fertilizer and boron fertilizer as first top dressing for 1-2 months, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer as second top dressing for 6-7 months;
(4) applying a microbial fertilizer: the medicine is applied once in spring and autumn;
(5) leguminous plants or traditional Chinese medicinal materials are intercropped.
2. The method for improving the olive cultivation soil in the Jinshajiang river valley areas, according to claim 1, wherein (1) the deep ploughing soil has a depth of 20-30 cm, and the deep ploughing is performed on the whole garden or according to the projection area of the plant crown.
3. The method for improving the olive cultivation soil in the Jinshajiang river valley area according to claim 1, wherein (2) the calcium fertilizer is one or more of lime powder or calcium superphosphate, and the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or ammonium phosphate.
4. The method for improving the olive cultivation soil in the Jinsha river valley area according to claim 3, wherein in (2), 50kg of calcium superphosphate is applied per mu at a pH value of 7.0 for neutral soil;
for subacid soil, 60kg of lime powder and 50kg of calcium superphosphate are applied per mu;
for alkaline soil, organic fertilizer is additionally applied or acidic fertilizer such as monoammonium phosphate is added.
5. The method for improving the olive cultivation soil in Jinshajiang river valley areas according to claim 1, wherein in the organic fertilizer (3), 20-30kg of the organic fertilizer is applied to each plant with the age of less than 5 years, 30-50kg of the organic fertilizer is applied to each plant with the age of 5-10 years, and 50-100kg of the organic fertilizer is applied to each plant with the age of more than 10 years.
6. The method for improving the olive cultivation soil in the Jinshajiang river valley areas, according to claim 1, wherein the microbial fertilizer (4) is a compound microbial agent consisting of bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus mucilaginosus and paenibacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the application amount is 40-50 g/strain.
7. The method for improving olive cultivation soil in Jinshajiang river valley areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein (5) the intercropping of leguminous plants or traditional Chinese medicinal materials, the intercropping of Chinese medicinal materials such as rhizoma polygonati and radix asparagi in the olive tree row, or the interplantation of leguminous plants such as peanut, soybean and mung bean is carried out.
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| CN112868448A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-06-01 | 湖北旭光生物科技开发有限公司 | Tea leaf standardized planting method |
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