CN112219678A - Polygonum criopolitanum planting matrix and method for promoting growth of polygonum criollis - Google Patents
Polygonum criopolitanum planting matrix and method for promoting growth of polygonum criollis Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
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- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, and particularly relates to a polygonum bulbiferum planting matrix and a method for promoting the growth of polygonum bulbiferum. The polygonum bulbiferum planting substrate consists of waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and nitrogen fertilizer; the method for promoting the growth of the polygonum bulbiferum comprises the following steps: (1) paving the completely degradable grass-prevention cloth in the field for 3-6 months; (2) covering a planting substrate with the thickness of 5-10 cm on the grass prevention cloth, wherein the planting substrate is composed of waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and nitrogen fertilizer; (3) and (5) seeding the pearl buds. The planting matrix for the polygonum bulbiferum and the method for promoting the growth of the polygonum bulbiferum can effectively solve the weed damage problem of the growth of the polygonum bulbiferum and promote the robust growth of the polygonum bulbiferum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, and particularly relates to a polygonum bulbiferum planting matrix and a method for promoting the growth of polygonum bulbiferum.
Background
Polygonum bulbiferum L, also known as Scorpion seven, sorghum halepense and dyed cloth, is a perennial herb of Polygonum of Polygonaceae. The ecological floating fertilizer is widely distributed in Asia, North America and Europe, and mainly grows on grasslands, beaches and bushes with the elevation of 1200-5100 m, such as Sichuan, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Yunnan, Jilin, inner Mongolia and Hubei, in China. Polygonum bulboruifolium is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine, and has the functions of reducing fever, stopping diarrhea, regulating menstruation, astringing and stopping bleeding by using rhizome as a medicine; the rhizome and fruit are rich in starch, and can be used for brewing wine, and the young stem and leaf can be used as feed. The whole grass is mashed and made into powder or solution which can prevent and control crop pests. Besides being used as a traditional Chinese medicine, the rhizome of the polygonum bulbiferum is also a main feed for host larvae of cordyceps sinensis which is a rare medicinal material in China, so that the polygonum bulbiferum has higher economic value.
In recent years, the utilization of the rhizome of the polygonum bulbiferum mainly depends on digging the wild polygonum bulbiferum, the artificial cultivation and breeding technology of the polygonum bulbiferum is less researched, and the shortage and even extinction of wild resources can be caused after the wild cultivation, so that the market demand can not be met. At present, the polygonum bulbiferum begins to be artificially planted, but from the planting situation in various places, the biggest problem of the polygonum bulbiferum is the problem of weed overgrowth and weed damage. However, the existing polygonum bulbiferum belongs to a new planting variety, no mature and efficient scheme exists for weed control, such as chemical herbicide, physical treatment and the like, and the basic guarantee can be provided for the large-scale planting of the polygonum bulbiferum only by solving the problem of weed damage. The weeding method with scientific, efficient and economical efficiency can greatly reduce the weed damage problem in the planting of the polygonum capitatum because the early stage of the polygonum capitatum grows slowly and weeds grow excessively on the surface of the ridge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a polygonum bulbiferum planting substrate which can effectively promote the growth of polygonum bulbiferum and enables polygonum bulbiferum plants to be tall, big and robust, and the invention also aims to provide a method for promoting the growth of polygonum bulbiferum, wherein the method comprises the following steps of paving a grass-prevention cloth which can be completely degraded in 3-6 months in a field, and then covering the grass-prevention cloth with a planting substrate of 5-10 cm: the mixture of the waste mushroom dregs, the peat soil and the nitrogen fertilizer replaces the conventional soil planting of the polygonum bulbiferum. Under normal water and fertilizer management, after the pearl buds germinate and come out of the soil, the weed prevention cloth under the planting matrix isolates weeds in the soil of the ridge surface, and the pearl bud polygonum plant fully absorbs the light and heat on the planting matrix without weed inhibition and grows quickly.
In particular, in one aspect, the invention provides a polygonum bulbiferum planting matrix which consists of waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and nitrogen fertilizer. The polygonum bulbiferum planting substrate can effectively promote the growth of polygonum bulbiferum, so that the polygonum bulbiferum plants are tall, big and robust.
In some embodiments, the amount of nitrogen element in the nitrogen fertilizer in the planting substrate is 7-21 g/m2。
In some embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, sodium nitrate, nitric acid, calcium cyanamide, or a nitrogen-containing compound fertilizer, or any combination thereof.
In other embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the amount of the urea is 15-45 g/m2. The inventor of the application finds that the urea added into the mixed planting matrix can well promote the rapid growth of the polygonum bulborum in the seedling stage as the fertilizer, form the density advantage and inhibit the growth of weeds, and the nitrogen-containing compound fertilizer has the same growth promotion effect on seedlings, and has low price and high cost performance compared with the nitrogen-containing compound fertilizer.
In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the waste mushroom dregs to the peat soil in the planting substrate is 2-4: 1.
In some embodiments, the planting substrate of the present invention has a thickness of 5 to 10 cm.
The polygonum bulbiferum planting matrix provided by the invention is used for replacing the conventional polygonum bulbiferum planting soil, so that the growth of polygonum bulbiferum can be effectively promoted, and the polygonum bulbiferum plants are tall, large and robust. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for promoting the growth of Polygonum nuciferum, comprising the following steps:
(1) laying grass prevention cloth in the field: paving a completely degradable grass-prevention cloth for 3-6 months on the leveled ridge surface;
(2) planting matrix laying: covering a planting substrate with the thickness of 5-10 cm on the grass prevention cloth, wherein the planting substrate is preferably composed of waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and nitrogen fertilizer;
(3) and (3) seeding of the pearl buds: uniformly scattering the polygonum bulbiferum in the planting substrate, covering peat soil with the thickness of 0.7-1.5 cm, and performing normal water and fertilizer management.
By the method for promoting the growth of the polygonum bulbiferum, after the polygonum bulbiferum sprouts come out of the ground, the weed prevention cloth under the planting matrix isolates weeds in the soil of the ridge surface, and the polygonum bulbiferum plants fully absorb light and heat on the planting matrix without weed inhibition and grow quickly; when the plants enter the rapid growth period in 3-6 months, the grass-prevention cloth is rapidly degraded, the environment is protected, white pollution is not caused, and the continuous rapid growth of the bulbil plants is not influenced.
In some embodiments, the amount of nitrogen element in the nitrogen fertilizer in the planting substrate is 7-21 g/m2. The application of the nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of the polygonum bulbiferum and make the plant robust.
In some preferred embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium cyanamide, or a nitrogen-containing compound fertilizer, or any combination thereof.
In some preferred embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer in the planting substrate is urea, and preferably, the amount of the urea is 15-45 g/m2. The inventor of the application finds that the urea added into the mixed planting matrix can well promote the rapid growth of the polygonum bulborum in the seedling stage as the fertilizer, form the density advantage and inhibit the growth of weeds, and the nitrogen-containing compound fertilizer has the same growth promotion effect on seedlings, and has low price and high cost performance compared with the nitrogen-containing compound fertilizer.
In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the waste mushroom dregs to the peat soil in the planting substrate is 2-4: 1. Under the proportion, the waste mushroom dregs, the peat soil and the nitrogen fertilizer in the planting matrix can promote the growth of the polygonum bulbiferum, so that the plants are tall, strong and strong, and the leaves of the polygonum bulbiferum are dark green.
In some embodiments, the grass protection cloth has a warp and weft yarn density of 3 x 3 to 5 x 5 yarns/cm2. The inventor finds that if the warp and weft yarn density of the grass-prevention cloth is too thin, the gap is large, and the grass-prevention effect is not good; if the density is too close, the grass prevention cloth can completely isolate the gas and water exchange between the substrate and the soil, and the growth of plants can be influenced. The grass-proof cloth of the inventionAfter the pearl buds germinate out of the soil, weeds in the soil of the ridge surface are isolated, and the pearl bud polygonum plants fully absorb light and heat on the planting substrate without weed inhibition to grow quickly; and the grass-prevention cloth is rapidly degraded when the plants enter a rapid growth period, is environment-friendly and does not cause white pollution. The width of the grass-prevention cloth used in the invention is 1.2-2.2 m.
In some embodiments, the grass protection cloths of the present invention are black.
In some embodiments, the waste mushroom dregs are waste products after cultivation of edible mushrooms on the basis of wood chips. The waste mushroom residue material has rich nutrition, is simple and easy to obtain, has low price, and is convenient for large-scale popularization. The waste mushroom dregs, the nitrogen fertilizer and the peat soil are uniformly stirred and spread on the surface of the ridge covered with the grass-prevention cloth, so that the polygonum bulbiferum plant is tall, strong and strong, and the leaves are dark green.
In some embodiments, the bead seeding density is 20-40g/m2Preferably, the sowing density of the polygonum bulbiferum is 30g/m2. Under the sowing density, the polygonum bulbiferum plants are strong, the leaves are dark green, the land utilization rate is high, and the weeds are few.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the peat soil covering in step (3) is 0.8-1.2cm, which is favorable for the sufficient nutrient absorption and rapid germination of the beads.
In some embodiments, the seeding temperature and the growth temperature of the bead buds in the step (3) are 15-28 ℃, and the elevation of the seeding land is 1200-5100 meters.
In some embodiments, the method for promoting the growth of polygonum bulbiferum of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) laying grass prevention cloth in the field: paving a completely degradable grass-prevention cloth for 3-6 months on the leveled ridge surface;
(2) planting matrix laying: covering a planting substrate with the thickness of 5-10 cm on the grass prevention cloth, wherein the planting substrate consists of waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and urea, and the dosage of the urea is 15-45 g/m2The volume ratio of the waste mushroom dregs to the peat soil is 2-4: 1;
(3) and (3) seeding of the pearl buds: uniformly sowing the polygonum bulbiferum in the planting substrate, and covering 0.8-1 percent of the polygonum bulbiferum with the planting substratePeat soil with the thickness of 2cm and normal water and fertilizer management; the seeding density of the bulbil is 20-40g/m2。
In some embodiments, the present invention has a bead bud propagation density of 30g/m2。
By the method for promoting the growth of the polygonum bulbiferum, after the polygonum bulbiferum sprouts come out of the ground, the weed prevention cloth under the planting matrix isolates weeds in the soil of the ridge surface, and the polygonum bulbiferum plants fully absorb the light and heat on the planting matrix without weed inhibition to grow rapidly.
In some embodiments, the seeding temperature and the growth temperature of the pearl buds are 15-28 ℃, and the elevation of the seeding land is 1200-5100 meters.
The grass prevention cloth is gradually degraded within about 3-6 months, the polygonum bulbiferum also enters a rapid growth period, the height of seedlings is over 10cm, the root system of the polygonum bulbiferum extends into soil on the surface of the ridge, the polygonum bulbiferum can fully absorb light and heat to become dominant species, the growth of weeds is inhibited, and the weed damage problem of the polygonum bulbiferum is solved; and the plant of the polygonum bulbiferum grows strongly and leaves are dark green.
The normal water and fertilizer management method comprises the following steps: after the bulbils are evenly sown in the planting substrate and covered with peat soil, the moisture supply of the seedlings from each stage of germination, emergence, growth and the like is ensured, and sufficient fertilizer supply is provided in the vigorous growth period of the bulbil polygonum, the rapid growth period of underground tubers and the like. Specifically, the polygonum bulbiferum is wet and drought-afraid, the soil humidity is not lower than 60% before seeding, and the root fixing water is thoroughly poured after the seed sowing. In the first three months after sowing, the growth of the bulbil is slow, the stress resistance is poor, watering can be carried out properly according to the soil moisture content, the humidity of the soil after watering is not lower than 50%, and intertillage and soil loosening are carried out timely. If too much rain water exists, the water should be drained in time, so that the tubers are prevented from being rotted due to water accumulation in the field. The additional fertilizer can be applied for 3-4 times in the growing period. Topdressing a first fertilizer and a second fertilizer in a vigorous growth period, wherein the fertilizers mainly comprise high-nitrogen compound fertilizers; and (3) applying a low-nitrogen high-phosphorus high-potassium compound fertilizer in the rapid growth period of the underground tubers to promote the growth of the tubers.
The nitrogen fertilizer is abbreviated as nitrogen fertilizer in the invention. The "nitrogen fertilizer" in the present invention includes a fertilizer containing nitrogen as a main nutrient, and the amount of fertilizer effect depends on the nitrogen content. They can be classified according to source:(1) natural fertilizers such as manure, compost, cake manure, and the like; (2) chemical nitrogen fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, liquid ammonia, ammonia water, urea, and the like. The nitrogen fertilizer also comprises a nitrogen-containing compound fertilizer, namely, the fertilizer comprises nitrogen elements and fertilizers of other nutrient elements, wherein the other nutrient elements are as follows: p, K, etc. The nitrogen-containing compound fertilizer in the invention includes but is not limited to: urea, ammonium phosphate and potassium chloride are used as main raw materials to prepare fertilizer; the fertilizer is prepared by taking ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride as main raw materials; ammonium phosphate; ammonium phosphate; ammonium nitrophosphate; ammonium phosphate urea, and the like. For example, the nitrogen-containing compound fertilizer in the specific embodiment of the invention is as follows: n, P, K, 17 and 17. The dosage of nitrogen element in the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 7-21 g/m2Namely, the nitrogen element in the nitrogen fertilizer contained in the 1 square meter of the bulbil planting matrix is 7-21 g. Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer in the invention is selected from urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, sodium nitrate, nitric acid, calcium cyanamide or nitrogen-containing compound fertilizer, or any combination thereof; more preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer in the present invention is urea.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can effectively solve the weed damage problem of the growth of the polygonum bulbiferum, and the use of the degradable weed control cloth can reduce the harm caused by the toxicity of the chemical herbicide.
(2) According to the invention, the special planting matrix is laid on the degradable grass prevention cloth, and then the seed sowing of the polygonum bulbiferum is carried out, so that the number of weeds in the growth of the polygonum bulbiferum is further reduced, and the robust growth of the polygonum bulbiferum is promoted. Repeated artificial weeding in the growing process of the polygonum bulbiferum is not needed, the cost of manpower and material resources is saved, and the method is suitable for artificial large-scale planting of the polygonum bulbiferum.
(3) The planting substrate consists of waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and nitrogen fertilizer; the waste mushroom dregs are waste products obtained after edible mushroom cultivation and using sawdust as a main material, the waste products are convenient to be reused, the cost of the planting matrix is effectively reduced, and the cost of the polygonum bulborum cultivation and planting is further reduced.
Detailed Description
The following are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following preferred embodiments. It should be noted that various changes and modifications based on the inventive concept herein will occur to those skilled in the art and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. The reagents and apparatus used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
The grass prevention cloth source is as follows: the Taizhou city Chanong new material science and technology limited can degrade the grass-prevention cloth.
The waste mushroom dregs in the invention are waste products after edible mushrooms are cultivated by taking sawdust as a main material, and specifically, the waste mushroom dregs in the embodiment of the invention are waste products after edible mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms, lucid ganoderma and the like are cultivated by taking sawdust as a main material.
The peat soil in the invention is purchased from Yunnan Kunming.
The sources of the bulblets are as follows: the wild bulbil polygonum bulbil in the Yunan Zhaotong Xiaoshilin producing area selects plump and mellow bulbil with consistent grain size as experimental material. And is used with the necessary sprinkler installation for the embodiments described below.
The planting environment of the bulbil in the embodiment of the invention is as follows: the method is characterized in that sandy loam and weak acid soil are selected in a hillside land plot with the altitude of 1800 m in Zhaotong of Yunnan, the environmental temperature is 15-28 ℃, rainfall is sufficient, and the sowing time is 6 middle days.
The water and fertilizer management in the embodiment of the invention is as follows: as the polygonum bulbiferum is wet and drought-afraid, the soil humidity is not lower than 60% before seeding, and the root fixing water is watered thoroughly after the seed of the bulbiferum is sowed. In the first three months after sowing, the growth of the bulbil is slow, the stress resistance is poor, watering can be carried out properly according to the soil moisture content, the humidity of the soil after watering is not lower than 50%, and intertillage and soil loosening are carried out timely. If too much rain water exists, the water should be drained in time, so that the tubers are prevented from being rotted due to water accumulation in the field. The additional fertilizer can be applied for 3-4 times in the growing period. Topdressing a first fertilizer and a second fertilizer in a vigorous growth period, wherein the fertilizers mainly comprise high-nitrogen compound fertilizers; and (3) applying a low-nitrogen high-phosphorus high-potassium compound fertilizer in the rapid growth period of the underground tubers to promote the growth of the tubers.
Examples
Example 1
Taking 1200g of polygonum bulbiferum bulbil, and dividing into four parts, each part being 300 g; setting three treatment groups, one control group; the area of each treatment group and control group was 10m2。
Treatment groups 1-1: 1) land preparation: carrying out rotary tillage on the land to be planted twice, and then ditching and ridging; 2) paving the completely degradable grass-prevention cloth for 3-6 months; 3) covering a planting substrate consisting of a mixture of waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and urea with the thickness of 6cm on the grass prevention cloth: wherein the volume ratio of the waste mushroom dregs to the peat soil is 2:1, and the dosage of the urea is 0.015kg/m2。
Treatment groups 1-2: 1) land preparation: carrying out rotary tillage on the land to be planted twice, and then ditching and ridging; 2) laying grass-proof cloth which can be degraded for more than 1 year conventionally; 3) covering a planting substrate consisting of a mixture of waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and urea with the thickness of 6cm on the grass prevention cloth: wherein the volume ratio of the waste mushroom dregs to the peat soil is 2:1, and the dosage of the urea is 0.015kg/m2。
Treatment groups 1-3: 1) land preparation: carrying out rotary tillage on the land to be planted twice, and then ditching and ridging; 2) paving the completely degradable grass-prevention cloth for 3-6 months; 3) covering common soil with the thickness of 6cm on the grass prevention cloth as a planting substrate: wherein the volume ratio of the waste mushroom dregs to the peat soil is 2:1, and the dosage of the urea is 0.015kg/m2。
Control group 1: land preparation: and (3) carrying out rotary tillage on the land to be planted twice, and then ditching and ridging for later use.
Then uniformly sowing the bulbils in the planting matrixes of each group, covering peat soil with the thickness of about 1cm, watering thoroughly, performing normal water and fertilizer management, and keeping the soil moist. And (4) counting the emergence rate and the weed growth condition on the 30 th day after sowing, and counting the plant growth condition on the 120 th day. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Numbering | Rate of emergence (%) | Number of weeds | Growth conditions of plants |
| Treatment group 1-1 | 83.1 | 44 | The plant height is more than 10cm, the leaves are dark green, and the plant is strong |
| Treatment groups 1-2 | 82.7 | 39 | The plant height is about 7cm, the growth is nearly stopped, and the leaves are yellow |
| Treatment groups 1 to 3 | 85.2 | 1426 | The plant height is about 5cm, and the stem leaves are tender and slender |
| Control group 1 | 84.7 | 2798 | The plant height is about 5cm, and the stem leaves are tender and slender |
As can be seen from the table above, the emergence rates of the three treatment groups and the control group are not obviously different, which indicates that the grass prevention cloth and the planting substrate used in the invention are safe and reliable; since the planting substrates used in the treatment groups 1 to 3 and the control group 1 were common soil and contained a large number of weed seeds, the number of weeds was clearly contrasted with the treatment groups 1 to 1 and 1 to 2.
The treatment group 1-1 was higher and healthier than the treatment group 1-2 at day 120 because the grass cloth of the treatment group 1-1 was gradually degraded during vigorous growth of Polygonum bulborum and did not inhibit the normal growth of the plants. The grass prevention cloth of the treatment group 2 is not easy to degrade, the root development of the polygonum bulbiferum seedlings is influenced, and the normal growth of plants is inhibited.
In conclusion, the method for using the completely degradable weed control cloth for 3-6 months and paving the waste mushroom dregs, the peat soil and the fertilizer as the planting matrix can not inhibit the normal growth of plants, can obviously inhibit the number of weeds and greatly reduce the weeding pressure.
Example 2
Taking 900g of the bulbil polygonum orientale bulbil, and dividing into three parts, each part being 300 g; setting four processing groups; each treatment group has an area of 10m2。
Treatment groups 2-1: 1) land preparation: carrying out rotary tillage on the land to be planted twice, and then ditching and ridging; 2) (ii) a Paving the completely degradable grass-prevention cloth for 3-6 months; 3) only covering the grass prevention cloth with a planting substrate consisting of a mixture of waste mushroom dregs and urea with the thickness of 8 cm: wherein the dosage of urea is 0.045kg/m2。
Treatment groups 2-2: 1) land preparation: carrying out rotary tillage on the land to be planted twice, and then ditching and ridging; 2) paving the completely degradable grass-prevention cloth for 3-6 months; 3) only covering the grass prevention cloth with a planting substrate consisting of a mixture of peat soil and urea with the thickness of 8 cm: wherein the dosage of urea is 0.045kg/m2。
Treatment groups 2-3: 1) land preparation: carrying out rotary tillage on the land to be planted twice, and then ditching and ridging; 2) paving the completely degradable grass-prevention cloth for 3-6 months; 3) covering a planting substrate consisting of a mixture of waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and urea with the thickness of 8cm on grass prevention cloth: wherein the volume ratio of the waste mushroom dregs to the peat soil is 4:1, and the dosage of the urea is 0.045kg/m2。
Treatment groups 2-4: 1) land preparation: carrying out rotary tillage on the land to be planted twice, and then ditching and ridging; 2) paving the completely degradable grass-prevention cloth for 3-6 months; 3) covering 8cm thick sawdust and a planting substrate consisting of a mixture of chaff and urea on grass prevention cloth: wherein the volume ratio of sawdust to feed chaff is 4:1, and the dosage of urea is 0.045kg/m2。
Then uniformly sowing the bulbils in the planting matrixes of each group, covering peat soil with the thickness of about 1cm, watering thoroughly, performing normal water and fertilizer management, and keeping the soil moist. And counting the growth condition of the plants on 120 days after sowing. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
| Numbering | Rate of emergence (%) | Number of weeds | Growth conditions of plants |
| Treatment group 2-1 | 83.4 | 23 | The plant height is about 3cm, the stem leaves are tender and slender, and the growth is slow |
| Treatment group 2-2 | 85.3 | 71 | The height of the plant is more than 7cm, the leaves are withered and yellow, and the growth is slow |
| Treatment groups 2 to 3 | 84.2 | 46 | The plant height is more than 10cm, the leaves are dark green, and the plant is strong |
| Treatment groups 2 to 4 | 82.5 | 34 | The plant height is less than 2cm, the leaves are withered and yellow, and the growth is slow |
From experimental results, the height of the plants of the treatment groups 2-1 is about 3cm, the stems and leaves are tender and slender, and the growth is slow; the height of the plants in the treatment groups 2-2 is more than 7cm, the leaves are withered and yellow, and the growth is slow; the plants of the treatment groups 2-3 are over 10cm in height, the leaves are dark green, and the plants are robust; the plants of the treatment groups 2-4 are below 2cm in height, withered and yellow in leaves and slow in growth. The growth conditions of the treatment groups 2-1, 2-3 and 2-4 are short, yellow and weak leaves and slow in growth, and the growth conditions of the treatment groups 2-3 are high, big, dark and green leaves and strong in growth.
In conclusion, the planting matrix is a mixture of the waste mushroom dregs, the peat soil and the nitrogen fertilizer in a certain proportion, and can better ensure the robust growth of the polygonum bulbiferum plants than the planting matrix of other mixtures, and one or two of the matrixes cannot play a good planting effect when used alone.
Example 3
Taking 900g of the bulbil polygonum orientale bulbil, and dividing into three parts, each part being 300 g; setting four processing groups; the area of each treatment group was 10m2。
Treatment groups 3-1: 1) land preparation: carrying out rotary tillage on the land to be planted twice, and then ditching and ridging; 2) paving the completely degradable grass-prevention cloth for 3-6 months; 3) covering a planting substrate consisting of a mixture of 10 cm-thick waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and fertilizer on the grass prevention cloth, wherein the volume ratio of the waste mushroom dregs to the peat soil is 3:1, and the fertilizer is 0.03kg/m2The urea of (1).
Treatment groups 3-2: 1) land preparation: carrying out rotary tillage on the land to be planted twice, and then ditching and ridging; 2) paving the completely degradable grass-prevention cloth for 3-6 months; 3) covering a planting substrate consisting of a mixture of waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and fertilizer with the thickness of 10cm on the grass prevention cloth, wherein the volume ratio of the waste mushroom dregs to the peat soil is 3:1, and the fertilizer is 0.075kg/m2The urea of (1).
Treatment groups 3-3: 1) land preparation: after the land to be planted is rotary-tilled twiceDitching and ridging; 2) paving the completely degradable grass-prevention cloth for 3-6 months; 3) covering a planting substrate consisting of a mixture of 10 cm-thick waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and fertilizer on the grass prevention cloth, wherein the volume ratio of the waste mushroom dregs to the peat soil is 3:1, and the fertilizer is 0.09kg/m2The N, P, K and 17, 17:17 compound fertilizer.
Treatment groups 3-4: 1) land preparation: carrying out rotary tillage on the land to be planted twice, and then ditching and ridging; 2) paving the completely degradable grass-prevention cloth for 3-6 months; 3) covering a planting substrate consisting of a mixture of waste mushroom dregs and peat soil with the thickness of 10cm on the grass prevention cloth, wherein the volume ratio of the waste mushroom dregs to the peat soil is 3:1, and no fertilizer is added.
Then uniformly sowing the bulbils in the planting matrixes of each group, covering peat soil with the thickness of about 1cm, watering thoroughly, performing normal water and fertilizer management, and keeping the soil moist. And counting the growth condition of the plants on 120 days after sowing. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
From experimental results, the height of the polygonum bulbiferum plants of the treatment groups 3-1 is more than 10cm, the leaves are dark green, and the plants are robust; the reason is that the polygonum bulbiferum plants have the density advantage and basically no weed is found. The height of the polygonum bulbiferum plants of the treatment groups 3-2 is more than 13cm, the stems and leaves are overgrown, tender and slender, and the leaves are large and thin; the reason is that the polygonum bulbiferum plants have the density advantage, the growth of weeds is inhibited, the weeds are basically not seen, but the vain growth of stem leaves is also not beneficial to the formation and weight accumulation of underground tubers. The height of the polygonum bulbiferum plants of the treatment groups 3-3 is more than 10cm, the leaves are dark green, and the plants are robust; the reason is that the polygonum bulbiferum plants have the density advantage and basically no weed is found. The height of the polygonum bulbiferum plant of the control group is about 4cm, the plant is short and small, the growth is slow, the leaves are thin and small, and the leaves are green and yellow; the reason is that the growth of the short and short polygonum bulbiferum plants is inhibited, the density advantage is not formed, and the quantity of weeds on the ridge surface is large.
In conclusion, compared with treatment groups 3-4 without nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer added into the mixed planting matrix can well promote the rapid growth of the polygonum capitatum in the seedling stage, form density advantage and inhibit the growth of weeds. However, excessive nitrogen fertilizer can also cause the stem and leaf of the plant to grow excessively, the plant is tender and slender, and the leaves are large and thin. In addition, proper nitrogen supply is ensured, the urea of the pure nitrogen fertilizer has the same growth promoting effect on the seedlings as the compound fertilizer, but the cost performance of the urea is superior to that of the compound fertilizer.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A planting matrix for polygonum bulbiferum is characterized by consisting of waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and nitrogen fertilizer.
2. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the amount of nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer in the planting substrate is 7-21 g/m2，
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, sodium nitrate, nitric acid, calcium cyanamide or nitrogen-containing compound fertilizer, or any combination thereof;
preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the dosage of the urea is 15-45 g/m2。
3. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the waste mushroom dregs to the peat soil in the planting substrate is 2-4: 1.
4. A method for promoting the growth of Polygonum nuciferum comprises the following steps:
(1) laying grass prevention cloth in the field: paving a completely degradable grass-prevention cloth for 3-6 months on the surface of the ridge;
(2) planting matrix laying: covering a planting substrate with the thickness of 5-10 cm on the grass prevention cloth, wherein the planting substrate is preferably composed of waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and nitrogen fertilizer;
(3) and (3) seeding of the pearl buds: and (3) sowing the polygonum bulbil bulbils in the planting substrate in the step (2), covering peat soil with the thickness of 0.7-1.5 cm, and performing normal water and fertilizer management.
5. The method for promoting the growth of Polygonum nuciferum as claimed in claim 4, wherein the amount of nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer in said planting matrix is 7-21 g/m2；
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, sodium nitrate, nitric acid, calcium cyanamide or nitrogen-containing compound fertilizer, or any combination thereof;
preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the dosage of the urea is 15-45 g/m2。
6. The method for promoting the growth of the polygonum nuciferum as claimed in claim 4, wherein the volume ratio of the waste mushroom dregs to the peat soil in the planting substrate is 2-4: 1.
7. The method for promoting the growth of Polygonum nuciferum as claimed in claim 4, wherein the density of warp and weft yarns of said grass-proof cloth is 3 x 3-5 x 5 pieces/cm2。
8. The method for promoting the growth of Polygonum nuciferum as claimed in claim 4, wherein the seeding density of Polygonum nuciferum is 20-40g/m2Preferably, the sowing density of the polygonum bulbiferum is 30g/m2。
9. The method for promoting the growth of Polygonum nuciferum as claimed in claim 4, wherein the thickness of the covering peat soil in step (3) is 0.8-1.2 cm.
10. The method for promoting the growth of Polygonum nuciferum as claimed in claim 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) laying grass prevention cloth in the field: paving a completely degradable grass-prevention cloth for 3-6 months on the leveled ridge surface;
(2) planting matrix laying: covering a planting substrate with the thickness of 5-10 cm on the grass prevention cloth, wherein the planting substrate consists of waste mushroom dregs, peat soil and urea, and the dosage of the urea is 15-45 g/m2The volume ratio of the waste mushroom dregs to the peat soil is 2-4: 1;
(3) and (3) seeding of the pearl buds: uniformly scattering the polygonum bulbiferum in the planting substrate, covering peat soil with the thickness of 0.8-1.2cm, and performing normal water and fertilizer management; the seeding density of the bulbil is 20-40g/m2。
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