CN1802892A - Cultivation method of herb plant seedling for adapting to high and cold environment - Google Patents
Cultivation method of herb plant seedling for adapting to high and cold environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN1802892A CN1802892A CN 200510121174 CN200510121174A CN1802892A CN 1802892 A CN1802892 A CN 1802892A CN 200510121174 CN200510121174 CN 200510121174 CN 200510121174 A CN200510121174 A CN 200510121174A CN 1802892 A CN1802892 A CN 1802892A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method of cultivating herb plants which grows in cold belt environment, comprising cultivating the mesophyte perennial herb small plants with strong underground root with nutrition maintaining bags, cultivating with different temperature of day and night in the cultivating house, spraying the foliage with auximone, replanting the qualitative plant during the first days in May of each year and intensive planting. The method is suitable for cultivation and repair planting of mesophyte perennial herb plant in meadow steppe of ecological degeneration and desert or bare earth and cave, and the survival rate is higher than 85%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method that adapts to the herbaceous plant plant seedling of alpine condition.
Background technology
The Qinghai-Tibet Platean extends across subtropics, dim temperate zone, temperate zone and cool temperate zone, unique geographical environment and special climate condition, unique in the world large-area high and cold wetland, high and cold grassy marshland, high-cold steppe and high and cold desert ecosystem have been grown, bred Qinghai-Tibet unique biological fauna, being described as the natural germplasm resource bank of high and cold biology, is the most concentrated area of high altitude localities bio-diversity in the world.High and cold grassy marshland meadow is by high-cold steppe wormwood grassy marshland; high and cold wormwood grassy marshland; high-cold scrub grassy marshland; living herbaceos perennial and shrubbery formed during high-cold steppe meadow and bogginess wormwood grassy marshland subclass etc. were cold-resistant; because Qinghai-Tibet Special geography position and high and cold windy dry climate; it is very fragile that harsh natural conditions make it ecotope; especially population sharp increase; people are thin to environmental protection consciousness; the indiscriminate mining and serious waste traditional Chinese medicine and the gold mining of opening a mine; and irrational animal husbandry activity; cause the grassland coverage rate sharply to descend; native pasture is degenerated rapidly; having occurred many exposed soils on the high and cold grassy marshland exposes; hole spreads all over; the scene that the ecotope that rat hole subsides is degenerated; good animal husbandry is degenerated; poison is invaded by weeds; grassland fish scale shape bald spot manifests; some become " the black earth beach " that not even a blade of grass grows in lush grassland originally; the ecosystem view is destroyed; the reverse succession trend of vegetation succession is high and cold grassy marshland---the high and cold grassy marshland of degenerating---desertificated area, bio-diversity significantly descends.
Be adapted to the plateau grassy marshland of breeding growth under the cold climate all the year round, form the intensive middle weak point geophyta rhizomatosa group of giving birth to of root system with middle living herbaceos perennial and scrub plant, interleaved discs knot forms the fine and close solid netted root system in soil top, in alpine condition, taked based on nourish and generate, sexual propagation is that the breeding strategy of assisting is multiplied reproduction.The mid or late April on grassy marshland meadow, plateau, snow melting, frozen soil thaws, May, the first tenday period of a month, temperature obviously rose, poad begins to tell bud, 5, plateau grassy marshland between June has been lively, the grass leafiness is green, herbaceous plant is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, wild flower follows allegro Songs of Life to vie with each other for glamour in of short duration summer, July, but autumn scenery was dignified for the plateau grassy marshland of late August first to achieving great success, and a piercing cold wind sooner or later, plant begins to wither, upper blade not regrowth in ground forms nutriment and supplies with but this class hardy plant that is adapted to alpine condition is all the year round still carrying out photosynthesis still do not entering resting stage with indomitable vitality before frost and snow covers before, and underground root system still can carry out normal physiological activity development growth.The severe rugged environment condition of alpine condition makes plateau grassy marshland herbaceous plant breeding slowly, and seed is taken root to growing up from sprouting, almost will experience time several years until growing up strong and sturdy.Because the growth and breeding cycle of plateau grassy marshland herbaceous plant thermophilic is too short, this class herbaceous plant of plantation on the alpine condition of ecological degradation, plateau grassy marshland had not entered frozen soil season before plant root in owing to grow up was physically well developed as yet, and seedling is difficult to withstand the severe cold test, and survival rate is low.Therefore, living herbaceos perennial has become a great problem of high and cold grassy marshland ecological recovery in alpine condition desertificated area plantation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of breeding method that adapts to the herbaceous plant plant seedling of alpine condition.
The inventive method is by adopting nutrition child care bag to cultivate the middle living herbaceos perennial plantlet seedling with underground well developed root system, the cultivation of seed cultivation canopy day and night temperature alternating temperature and the foliage-spray of auximone, and seedling transplanted and intensive cropping in the annual the first tenday period of a month in May.The plantation or the kind shoot survival percent of after-culture be up to more than 85%, and the early August of the middle living herbaceos perennial of plantation after plantation then grown into well developed root system, plant is plentiful, branches and leaves are luxuriant plant.
The concrete steps of the inventive method comprise:
(1), cultivates the plant seedling: root, stem or the branch of getting the middle living herbaceos perennial that grows in alpine condition, adopt the tissue culture technique (hereinafter to be referred as tissue culture technology) of common modern agriculture extensive use, utilize totipotency of plant cell, by apical meristem directly the cell development of division become new plant or by developing into new plant by original initial body in the root or becoming new plant or the plant of the uncertain buds growth Cheng Xin that takes place by the root fringe by healing tissue development; Living herbaceos perennial seed in perhaps collecting promotes seed germination and develops into plantlet by vernalization.
(2), preparation nutrition soil matrix matter: by weight by humus soil 20～40%, plateau meadow soil 10～30% is burnt soil 10～20%, the barnyard manure 10～20% of becoming thoroughly decomposed, dried horsehit 10～20%, vermiculite or perlite 10～30% and superphosphate 1～3% are mixed with nutrition soil matrix matter; Regulating nutrition soil matrix matter water content is 50～60%;
In order to prevent seedling generation damage by disease and insect, after the nutrition soil matrix plasmogamy system preferably more routinely compost stack retting mode macerate heap fermentation 5～7 days, macerate top, heap back and cover agricultural film and carry out heat-preservation fermentation.As stated above Pei Zhi nutrition soil matrix matter have preferably be incubated, preserve moisture, ventilation and drainage performance.
(3), make closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch (hereinafter to be referred as pouch): adopt PLA macromolecule material film or other general agricultural film of industrial extensive use to be made into diameter: highly to be 2～8: the pouch of 10～26cm with biological degradability, place a common cotton thread that is through to the bag bottom and reserves long 3-5cm in pouch mouth upper end in the pouch, the macromolecule water uptake resin with biological degradability of placing industrial common extensive use in the pouch also absorbs water, and (water absorbing properties is for absorbing the water of 1000～5000 times of own wts for the formation hydrogel, commodity are called water-loss reducer of soil, or humectant), when the dehydration of nutrition soil matrix matter drying, can slowly discharge moisture content by the cotton thread capillary that runs through the pouch bottom and regulate soil moisture content in the nutrition child care bag, plant seedling after guaranteeing to plant prevents the dry dehydration of nutrition soil, the sealing of pouch sack before frozen soil thaws.
(4), make nutrition child care bag: adopt PLA macromolecule material film or other general agricultural film to be made into diameter: highly to be 10～16: be equipped with the aperture of some diameters bottom the tube-shape bag of 20～30cm, bag, so that draining less than 1mm; Pack in the bag closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch and fill nutrition soil matrix matter;
(5), the plant planting seedlings that step (1) is obtained is on the nutrition soil matrix matter of nutrition child care bag, regulate and cultivate the interior diurnal temperature of canopy at 15～22 ℃, cultivate the interior plant seedling of canopy ornamental plant cultivation management and spray routinely, the plant seedling is grown under the thermophilic environment fast; Grow when the plant seedling and to grow up when the plant seedling height is 5-8cm, will cultivate the canopy temperature night every day and reduce to 5-8 ℃ and keep 15-25min, stimulate as cold current; Every 8-12 days at auximone dilution of foliage-spray; Plant seedling resistance through cultivating significantly strengthens, and root system development is unfolded, and the cold-resistant effect of plant seedling is obvious.
Described cultivation canopy generally adopts the high and cold area modern agriculture to be widely used in the glass plastic greenhouse of the wind resistance snow of vegetable growing usually, can be provided with at 5 meters, the every interval of glass plastic greenhouse can be for air door or the window opened, can make and cultivate the temperature of shed reduction by opening air door or window when needing the adjusting cooling.
(6), the cultivation of cultivating canopy day and night temperature alternating temperature through 100-150 days, the plant seedling has grown up to the finished product seedling, the plant growing way is vigorous, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, the root well developed root system, root system stretches downwards, the tip of a root arrives at nutrition child care bag middle and lower part.
(7), annual the first tenday period of a month in May plateau grassy marshland temperature obviously rise and when reaching more than 6 ℃, connect bag and transplant Desert Area intensive cropping cultivating the finished product seedling of cultivating in the canopy to plateau grassy marshland ecological degradation.
The related middle living herbaceos perennial kind of the inventive method comprises that natural world grows in the glacier knotweed (Polygonvm glaciale) in the alpine condition throughout the year, spire serpentgrass (P.tenuifolium), serpentgrass (P.viviparum), circle fringe knotweed (P.macrophyllum), the snow mountain Radix Astragali (Astragalus bolfourianus), the acaulescence Radix Astragali (A.acaulis), the cold ground Radix Astragali (A.frigidus), the light pipe Radix Astragali (A.levitubus), Baima snow mountain Radix Astragali (A.craipianus), the Dajianlu Radix Astragali (A.tatsienens s), the Yunnan long shoot Radix Astragali (A.yunnanensis f.elougatus), Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Rheum pumilum), billows deep blue ground glossy ganoderma (Arenaria lancangensis), musciform kansu sandwort herb (A.bryophylla), evil mind kiss-me (Saxifragamelanocentra), Herba Saxifragae montanae (S.Montana), Saussurea laniceps (Saussurea laniceps) and sheep lance plants such as (Festuca ovina).
The alpine condition region that the present invention relates to comprises that height above sea level is from 3600 meters to 4300 meters high and cold grassy marshland meadow.
Auximone involved in the present invention comprises the widely used auximone heteroauxin of common modern agriculture, indolebutyric acid or methyl, and working concentration is generally 30～70mg/kg (promptly 1 gram pulvis is converted and added 33.5～14.5 premium on currency).
Living herbaceos perennial in plantation and the after-culture can effectively be improved planting survival rate on the Desert Area of the suitable plateau grassy marshland ecological degradation of the inventive method or exposed soil, the cave, is the new technology of fast lifting grassland coverage rate.Up to more than 85%, before frost and snow covers then after the plantation, grown into well developed root system, plant is plentiful, branches and leaves are luxuriant plant in strong sprout by the kind shoot survival percent of the inventive method plantation or after-culture, and the young tender sprouting that after next year, frozen soil thawed, spues.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment
Embodiment one:
1, gets serpentgrass (P.viviparum) branch apical meristem, adopt conventional tissue culture technology to cultivate into new plantlet.
2, preparation nutrition soil matrix matter: by weight by humus soil 30%, plateau meadow soil 20% is burnt soil 15%, the barnyard manure 10% of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and dried horsehit 10%, vermiculite 14% and superphosphate 1% is mixed with nutrition soil matrix matter; Regulate nutrition soil matrix matter water content 50%; Nutrition soil matrix matter is through macerating heap fermentation 5 days; The nutrition soil matrix matter of preparation has good insulation, preserves moisture, ventilation and drainage performance.
3, make closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 2: the pouch of 25cm, placing one in the pouch is through to the bag bottom and reserves the common cotton thread that is about 3cm in pouch mouth upper end, fill macromolecule water uptake resin hydrogel (water absorbing properties is for absorbing the water of 1000 times of own wts) in the pouch, the sealing of pouch sack.
4, make nutrition child care bag: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 10: the tube-shape bag of 26cm, the bag bottom is equipped with the aperture of some diameters less than 1mm; Pack in the bag closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch and fill nutrition soil matrix matter.
5, will be colonizated on the nutrition child care bag nutrition soil through the new plant of the serpentgrass that tissue culture technology obtains, regulate and cultivate the interior diurnal temperature of canopy about 22 ℃, cultivate the interior plant seedling of canopy and cultivate management and spray through conventional ornamental plant, the plant seedling is grown under the thermophilic environment fast; Grow when the plant seedling and to grow up to the about 6cm of plant seedling height when above, opening the ventilation door and window night will cultivate the canopy temperature and reduce to 5 ℃ and keep the 20min cold current and stimulate, the auximone indolebutyric acid dilution that per about 10 days of while was 50mg/kg in concentration of foliage-spray, plant seedling resistance significantly strengthens, root system development is unfolded, and the cold-resistant effect of plant seedling is obvious.
6, through the cultivation of 100 days cultivation canopy day and night temperature alternating temperatures, serpentgrass plant seedling has grown up to the finished product seedling, and plant grows up strong and sturdy, and growing way is vigorous, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, the root well developed root system, and root system stretches downwards, and the tip of a root arrives at nutrition child care bag middle and lower part.
7, annual the first tenday period of a month in May, plateau grassy marshland temperature obviously rose and when reaching more than 6 ℃, the finished product seedling of cultivating in the cultivation canopy can be connected the Desert Area intensive cropping (this moment nutrition child care bag in formed netted root system, nutrition child care bag certainly use after 250～300 day quilt gradually biological degradation) of bag transplanting to plateau grassy marshland ecological degradation.Adopt the serpentgrass plant finished product shoot root system of this method plantation flourishing, transplanting the back survival rate is 89%, and the serpentgrass plant of plantation has grown up to the luxuriant plant in strong sprout of branches and leaves in early August then, and the young tender sprouting that spues after next year, frozen soil thawed; After testing, the soil of the nutrition under plant water content reaches more than 45%.
Embodiment two:
1, gets the callus of round fringe knotweed (P.macrophyllum) stem, adopt conventional tissue culture technology to cultivate into new plantlet.
2, preparation nutrition soil matrix matter: by weight by humus soil 20%, plateau meadow soil 15% is burnt soil 20%, the barnyard manure 15% of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and dried horsehit 14%, vermiculite 15% and superphosphate 1% is mixed with nutrition soil matrix matter; Regulate nutrition soil matrix matter water content 55%; Nutrition soil matrix matter is through macerating heap fermentation 6 days; The nutrition soil matrix matter of preparation has good insulation, preserves moisture, ventilation and drainage performance.
3, make closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 4: the pouch of 24cm, placing one in the pouch is through to the bag bottom and reserves the common cotton thread that is about 3cm in pouch mouth upper end, fill macromolecule water uptake resin hydrogel (water absorbing properties is for absorbing the water of 2000 times of own wts) in the pouch, the sealing of pouch sack.
4, make nutrition child care bag: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 16: the tube-shape bag of 30cm, the bag bottom is equipped with the aperture of some diameters less than 1mm; Pack in the bag closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch and fill nutrition soil matrix matter.
5, will be colonizated on the nutrition child care bag nutrition soil through the new plant of round fringe knotweed that tissue culture technology obtains, regulate and cultivate the interior diurnal temperature of canopy about 17 ℃, cultivate the interior plant seedling of canopy and cultivate management and spray through conventional ornamental plant, the plant seedling is grown under the thermophilic environment fast; When the growth of plant seedling is grown up to the about 7cm of plant seedling height, opening the ventilation door and window night will cultivate the canopy temperature and reduce to 7 ℃ and keep the 40min cold current and stimulate, the auximone methyl dilution that per about 10 days of while was 40mg/kg in concentration of foliage-spray, plant seedling resistance significantly strengthens, root system development is unfolded, and the cold-resistant effect of plant seedling is obvious.
6, through the cultivation of 150 days cultivation canopy day and night temperature alternating temperatures, circle fringe knotweed plant seedling has grown up to the finished product seedling, and plant grows up strong and sturdy, and growing way is vigorous, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, the root well developed root system, and root system stretches downwards, and the tip of a root arrives at nutrition child care bag middle and lower part.
7, annual the first tenday period of a month in May, plateau grassy marshland temperature obviously rose and when reaching more than 6 ℃, can with cultivate the finished product seedling of cultivating in the canopy connect bag transplant after-culture to the exposed soil of plateau grassy marshland ecological degradation (formed netted root system in the nutrition child care this moment bag, nutrition child care bag from using after 250～300 days by biological degradation gradually).The round fringe knotweed plant finished product shoot root that adopts this method plantation is flourishing, and transplanting the back survival rate is 88%, and the round fringe knotweed plant of plantation has grown up to the big plant that plant is plentiful, branches and leaves are luxuriant in early August then, and the young tender sprouting that spues after next year, frozen soil thawed; After testing, the soil of the nutrition under plant water content reaches more than 45%.
Embodiment three:
1, gets original initial body in the snow mountain Radix Astragali (Astragalus bolfourianus) root, adopt conventional tissue culture technology to cultivate into new plantlet.
2, preparation nutrition soil matrix matter: by weight by humus soil 40%, plateau meadow soil 10% is burnt soil 10%, the barnyard manure 10% of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and dried horsehit 10%, perlite 19% and superphosphate 1% is mixed with nutrition soil matrix matter; Regulate nutrition soil matrix matter water content 60%; Nutrition soil matrix matter is through macerating heap fermentation 7 days; The nutrition soil matrix matter of preparation has good insulation, preserves moisture, ventilation and drainage performance.
3, make closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 5: the pouch of 22cm, placing one in the pouch is through to the bag bottom and reserves the common cotton thread that is about 3cm in pouch mouth upper end, fill macromolecule water uptake resin hydrogel (water absorbing properties is for absorbing the water of 3000 times of own wts) in the pouch, the sealing of pouch sack.
4, make nutrition child care bag: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 12: the tube-shape bag of 20cm, the bag bottom is equipped with the aperture of some diameters less than 1mm; Pack in the bag closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch and fill nutrition soil matrix matter.
5, will be colonizated in through the new plant of the snow mountain Radix Astragali that tissue culture technology obtains on the nutrition child care bag nutrition soil, regulate and cultivate the interior diurnal temperature of canopy about 19 ℃, cultivate the interior plant seedling of canopy and cultivate management and spray through conventional ornamental plant, the plant seedling is grown under the thermophilic environment fast; When the growth of plant seedling is grown up to the about 5cm of plant seedling height, opening the ventilation door and window night will cultivate the canopy temperature and reduce to 8 ℃ and keep the 60min cold current and stimulate, the auximone heteroauxin dilution that per about 10 days of while was 70mg/kg in concentration of foliage-spray, plant seedling resistance significantly strengthens, root system development is unfolded, and the cold-resistant effect of finished product seedling is obvious.
6, through the cultivation of 120 days cultivation canopy day and night temperature alternating temperatures, snow mountain Radix Astragali plant seedling has grown up to the finished product seedling, and plant grows up strong and sturdy, and growing way is vigorous, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, the root well developed root system, and root system stretches downwards, and the tip of a root arrives at nutrition child care bag middle and lower part.
7, annual the first tenday period of a month in May, plateau grassy marshland temperature obviously rose and when reaching more than 6 ℃, can with cultivate the finished product seedling of cultivating in the canopy connect bag transplant plantation to the cave of plateau grassy marshland ecological degradation (formed netted root system in the nutrition child care this moment bag, nutrition child care bag from using after 250～300 days by biological degradation gradually).Adopt the snow mountain Radix Astragali plant finished product shoot root system of this method plantation flourishing, transplanting the back survival rate is 86%, and the snow mountain Radix Astragali plant of plantation has grown up to the luxuriant plant in strong sprout of branches and leaves in early August then, and the young tender sprouting that spues after next year, frozen soil thawed; After testing, the soil of the nutrition under plant water content reaches more than 45%.
Embodiment four:
1, gets the indefinite bud that the cold ground Radix Astragali (A.frigidus) root fringe takes place, adopt conventional tissue culture technology to cultivate into new plantlet.
2, preparation nutrition soil matrix matter: by weight by humus soil 40%, plateau meadow soil 10% is burnt soil 10%, the barnyard manure 13% of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and dried horsehit 10%, perlite 14% and superphosphate 3% is mixed with nutrition soil matrix matter; Regulate nutrition soil matrix matter water content 50%; Nutrition soil matrix matter is through macerating heap fermentation 5 days; The nutrition soil matrix matter of preparation has good insulation, preserves moisture, ventilation and drainage performance.
3, make closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 6: the pouch of 25cm, placing one in the pouch is through to the bag bottom and reserves the common cotton thread that is about 4cm in pouch mouth upper end, fill macromolecule water uptake resin hydrogel (water absorbing properties is for absorbing the water of 5000 times of own wts) in the pouch, the sealing of pouch sack.
4, make nutrition child care bag: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 16: the tube-shape bag of 25cm, the bag bottom is equipped with the aperture of some diameters less than 1mm; Pack in the bag closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch and fill nutrition soil matrix matter.
5, will be colonizated in through the cold ground Radix Astragali planting strain that tissue culture technology obtains on the nutrition child care bag nutrition soil, regulate and cultivate the interior diurnal temperature of canopy about 16 ℃, cultivate the interior plant seedling of canopy and cultivate management and spray through conventional ornamental plant, the plant seedling is grown under the thermophilic environment fast; Grow when the plantlet seedling and to grow up to the about 8cm of plant seedling height when above, opening the ventilation door and window night will cultivate the canopy temperature and reduce to 6 ℃ and keep the 35min cold gas stream and stimulate, the auximone naphthalene second butyric acid dilution that per about 10 days of while was 50mg/kg in concentration of foliage-spray, plant seedling resistance significantly strengthens, root system development is unfolded, and the cold-resistant effect of finished product seedling is obvious.
6, through the cultivation of 130 days cultivation canopy day and night temperature alternating temperatures, cold ground Radix Astragali plant seedling has grown up to the finished product seedling, and plant grows up strong and sturdy, and growing way is vigorous, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, the root well developed root system, and root system stretches downwards, and the tip of a root arrives at nutrition child care bag middle and lower part.
7, annual the first tenday period of a month in May, plateau grassy marshland temperature obviously rose and when reaching more than 6 ℃, the finished product seedling of cultivating in the cultivation canopy can be connected the Desert Area intensive cropping (this moment nutrition child care bag in formed netted root system, nutrition child care bag certainly use after 250～300 day quilt gradually biological degradation) of bag transplanting to plateau grassy marshland ecological degradation.Adopt the cold ground Radix Astragali plant finished product shoot root system of this method plantation flourishing, transplanting the back survival rate is 88%, the cold ground Radix Astragali plant of plantation has grown young shoot in early August then, forms the luxuriant plant of branches and leaves, and the young tender sprouting that spues after next year, frozen soil thawed; After testing, the soil of the nutrition under plant water content reaches more than 45%.
Embodiment five:
1, gets the callus of Baima snow mountain Radix Astragali (A.craipianus) stem, adopt conventional tissue culture technology to cultivate into new plantlet.
2, preparation nutrition soil matrix matter: by weight by humus soil 30%, plateau meadow soil 10% is burnt soil 15%, the barnyard manure 15% of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and dried horsehit 10%, vermiculite 18% and superphosphate 2% is mixed with nutrition soil matrix matter; Regulate nutrition soil matrix matter water content 53%; Nutrition soil matrix matter is through macerating heap fermentation 7 days; The nutrition soil matrix matter of preparation has good insulation, preserves moisture, ventilation and drainage performance.
3, make closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 7: the pouch of 22cm, placing one in the pouch is through to the bag bottom and reserves the common cotton thread that is about 5cm in pouch mouth upper end, fill macromolecule water uptake resin hydrogel (water absorbing properties is for absorbing the water of 4000 times of own wts) in the pouch, the sealing of pouch sack.
4, make nutrition child care bag: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 12: the tube-shape bag of 28cm, the bag bottom is equipped with the aperture of some diameters less than 1mm; Pack in the bag closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch and fill nutrition soil matrix matter.
5, will be colonizated on the nutrition child care bag nutrition soil through Baima new plant of the snow mountain Radix Astragali that tissue culture technology obtains, regulate and cultivate the interior diurnal temperature of canopy about 19 ℃, cultivate the interior plant seedling of canopy and cultivate management and spray through conventional ornamental plant, the plant seedling is grown under the thermophilic environment fast; When the growth of plant seedling is grown up to the about 6.5cm of plant seedling height, opening the ventilation door and window night will cultivate the canopy temperature and reduce to 6 ℃ and keep the 35min cold current and stimulate, the auximone methyl dilution that per about 10 days of while was 30mg/kg in concentration of foliage-spray, plant seedling resistance significantly strengthens, root system development is unfolded, and the cold-resistant effect of finished product seedling is obvious.
6, through the cultivation of 145 days cultivation canopy day and night temperature alternating temperatures, Baima snow mountain Radix Astragali plant seedling has grown up to the finished product seedling, and plant grows up strong and sturdy, and growing way is vigorous, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, the root well developed root system, and root system stretches downwards, and the tip of a root arrives at nutrition child care bag middle and lower part.
7, annual the first tenday period of a month in May, plateau grassy marshland temperature obviously rose and when reaching more than 6 ℃, the finished product seedling of cultivating in the cultivation canopy can be connected the Desert Area intensive cropping (this moment nutrition child care bag in formed netted root system, nutrition child care bag certainly use after 250～300 day quilt gradually biological degradation) of bag transplanting to plateau grassy marshland ecological degradation.Adopt Baima snow mountain Radix Astragali plant finished product shoot root system of this method plantation flourishing, transplanting the back survival rate is 87%, Baima snow mountain Radix Astragali plant of plantation has grown up to the plant that plant is plentiful, branches and leaves are luxuriant in early August then, and the young tender sprouting that spues after next year, frozen soil thawed; After testing, the soil of the nutrition under plant water content reaches more than 45%.
Embodiment six:
1, gets Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Rheum pumilum) plant seed, promote seed germination and develop into plant by vernalization.
2, preparation nutrition soil matrix matter: by weight by humus soil 25%, plateau meadow soil 20% is burnt soil 15%, the barnyard manure 10% of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and dried horsehit 10%, perlite 17% and superphosphate 3% is mixed with nutrition soil matrix matter; Regulate nutrition soil matrix matter water content 60%; Nutrition soil matrix matter is through macerating heap fermentation 6 days; The nutrition soil matrix matter of preparation has good insulation, preserves moisture, ventilation and drainage performance.
3, make closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 6: the pouch of 25cm, placing one in the pouch is through to the bag bottom and reserves the common cotton thread that is about 5cm in pouch mouth upper end, fill macromolecule water uptake resin hydrogel (water absorbing properties is for absorbing the water of 4500 times of own wts) in the pouch, the sealing of pouch sack.
4, make nutrition child care bag: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 14: the tube-shape bag of 28cm, the bag bottom is equipped with the aperture of some diameters less than 1mm; Pack in the bag closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch and fill nutrition soil matrix matter.
5, the Radix et Rhizoma Rhei plant that planting seed is obtained is colonizated on the nutrition child care bag nutrition soil, regulate and cultivate the interior diurnal temperature of canopy about 22 ℃, cultivate the interior plant seedling of canopy and cultivate management and spray through conventional ornamental plant, the plant seedling is grown under the thermophilic environment fast; When the growth of plant seedling is grown up to the about 8cm of plant seedling height, opening the ventilation door and window night will cultivate the canopy temperature and reduce to 5 ℃ and keep the 20min cold current and stimulate, the auximone heteroauxin dilution that per about 10 days of while was 30mg/kg in concentration of foliage-spray, plant seedling resistance significantly strengthens, root system development is unfolded, and the cold-resistant effect of finished product seedling is obvious.
6, through the cultivation of 142 days cultivation canopy day and night temperature alternating temperatures, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei plant seedling has grown up to the finished product seedling, and plant grows up strong and sturdy, and growing way is vigorous, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, the root well developed root system, and root system stretches downwards, and the tip of a root arrives at nutrition child care bag middle and lower part.
7, annual the first tenday period of a month in May, plateau grassy marshland temperature obviously rose and when reaching more than 6 ℃, can with cultivate the finished product seedling of cultivating in the canopy connect bag transplant plantation to the exposed soil of plateau grassy marshland ecological degradation (formed netted root system in the nutrition child care this moment bag, nutrition child care bag from using after 250～300 days by biological degradation gradually).Adopt the Radix et Rhizoma Rhei plant finished product shoot root system of this method plantation flourishing, transplanting the back survival rate is 85%, and the Radix et Rhizoma Rhei plant of plantation has grown up to the luxuriant plant in strong sprout of branches and leaves in early August then, and the young tender sprouting that spues after next year, frozen soil thawed; After testing, the soil of the nutrition under plant water content reaches more than 45%.
Embodiment seven:
1, gets the callus of billows deep blue ground glossy ganoderma (Arenaria lancangensis) stem, adopt conventional tissue culture technology to cultivate into new plantlet.
2, preparation nutrition soil matrix matter: by weight by humus soil 35%, plateau meadow soil 10% is burnt soil 10%, the barnyard manure 15% of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and dried horsehit 15%, vermiculite 14% and superphosphate 1% is mixed with nutrition soil matrix matter; Regulate nutrition soil matrix matter water content 55%; Nutrition soil matrix matter is through macerating heap fermentation 6 days; The nutrition soil matrix matter of preparation has good insulation, preserves moisture, ventilation and drainage performance.
3, make closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 7: the pouch of 23cm, placing one in the pouch is through to the bag bottom and reserves the common cotton thread that is about 3cm in pouch mouth upper end, fill macromolecule water uptake resin hydrogel (water absorbing properties is for absorbing the water of 4200 times of own wts) in the pouch, the sealing of pouch sack.
4, make nutrition child care bag: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 12: the tube-shape bag of 25cm, the bag bottom is equipped with the aperture of some diameters less than 1mm; Pack in the bag closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch and fill nutrition soil matrix matter.
5, will be colonizated on the nutrition child care bag nutrition soil through the billows deep blue ground glossy ganoderma planting strain that tissue culture technology obtains, regulate and cultivate the interior diurnal temperature of canopy about 18 ℃, cultivate the interior plant seedling of canopy and cultivate management and spray through conventional ornamental plant, the plant seedling is grown under the thermophilic environment fast; When the growth of plant seedling is grown up to the about 6cm of plant seedling height, opening the ventilation door and window night will cultivate the canopy temperature and reduce to 8 ℃ and keep the 60min cold current and stimulate, the auximone methyl dilution that per about 10 days of while was 65mg/kg in concentration of foliage-spray, plant seedling resistance significantly strengthens, root system development is unfolded, and the cold-resistant effect of finished product seedling is obvious.
6, through the cultivation of 125 days cultivation canopy day and night temperature alternating temperatures, billows deep blue ground glossy ganoderma plant seedling has grown up to the finished product seedling, and plant grows up strong and sturdy, and growing way is vigorous, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, the root well developed root system, and root system stretches downwards, and the tip of a root arrives at nutrition child care bag middle and lower part.
7, annual the first tenday period of a month in May, plateau grassy marshland temperature obviously rose and when reaching more than 6 ℃, can with cultivate the finished product seedling of cultivating in the canopy connect bag transplant plantation to the cave of plateau grassy marshland ecological degradation (formed netted root system in the nutrition child care this moment bag, nutrition child care bag from using after 250～300 days by biological degradation gradually).Adopt the billows deep blue ground glossy ganoderma plant finished product shoot root system of this method plantation flourishing, transplanting the back survival rate is 86%, and the billows deep blue ground glossy ganoderma plant of plantation has grown up to the luxuriant big plant of branches and leaves in early August then, and the young tender sprouting that spues after next year, frozen soil thawed; After testing, the soil of the nutrition under plant water content reaches more than 45%.
Embodiment eight:
1, gets evil mind kiss-me (Saxifraga melanocentra) branch apical meristem, adopt conventional tissue culture technology to cultivate into new plantlet;
2, preparation nutrition soil matrix matter: by weight by humus soil 20%, plateau meadow soil 30% is burnt soil 15%, the barnyard manure 10% of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and dried horsehit 10%, perlite 14% and superphosphate 1% is mixed with nutrition soil matrix matter; Regulate nutrition soil matrix matter water content 50%; Nutrition soil matrix matter is through macerating heap fermentation 5 days; The nutrition soil matrix matter of preparation has good insulation, preserves moisture, ventilation and drainage performance.
3, make closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 6: the pouch of 20cm, placing one in the pouch is through to the bag bottom and reserves the common cotton thread that is about 3cm in pouch mouth upper end, fill macromolecule water uptake resin hydrogel (water absorbing properties is for absorbing the water of 2000 times of own wts) in the pouch, the sealing of pouch sack.
4, make nutrition child care bag: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 15: the tube-shape bag of 25cm, the bag bottom is equipped with the aperture of some diameters less than 1mm; Pack in the bag closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch and fill nutrition soil matrix matter.
5, will be colonizated in through the new plant of evil mind kiss-me that tissue culture technology obtains on the nutrition child care bag nutrition soil, regulate and cultivate the interior diurnal temperature of canopy about 18 ℃, cultivate the interior plant seedling of canopy and cultivate management and spray through conventional ornamental plant, the plant seedling is grown under the thermophilic environment fast; Grow when the plant seedling and to grow up to the about 7cm of plant seedling height when above, opening the ventilation door and window night will cultivate the canopy temperature and reduce to 6 ℃ and keep the 35min cold current and stimulate, the auximone indolebutyric acid dilution that per about 10 days of while was 50mg/kg in concentration of foliage-spray, plant seedling resistance significantly strengthens, root system development is unfolded, and the cold-resistant effect of finished product seedling is obvious.
6, through the cultivation of 145 days cultivation canopy day and night temperature alternating temperatures, evil mind kiss-me plant seedling has grown up to the finished product seedling, and plant grows up strong and sturdy, and growing way is vigorous, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, the root well developed root system, and root system stretches downwards, and the tip of a root arrives at nutrition child care bag middle and lower part.
7, annual the first tenday period of a month in May, plateau grassy marshland temperature obviously rose and when reaching more than 6 ℃, the finished product seedling of cultivating in the cultivation canopy can be connected the Desert Area intensive cropping (this moment nutrition child care bag in formed netted root system, nutrition child care bag certainly use after 250～300 day quilt gradually biological degradation) of bag transplanting to plateau grassy marshland ecological degradation.Adopt the evil mind kiss-me plant finished product shoot root system of this method plantation flourishing, transplanting the back survival rate is 89%, and the evil mind kiss-me plant of plantation has grown up to the luxuriant plant in strong sprout of branches and leaves in early August then, and the young tender sprouting that spues after next year, frozen soil thawed; After testing, the soil of the nutrition under plant water content reaches more than 45%.
Embodiment nine:
1, gets the callus of Saussurea laniceps (Saussurea laniceps) stem, adopt conventional tissue culture technology to cultivate into new plantlet.
2, preparation nutrition soil matrix matter: by weight by humus soil 20%, plateau meadow soil 15% is burnt soil 20%, the barnyard manure 15% of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and dried horsehit 15%, vermiculite 12% and superphosphate 3% is mixed with nutrition soil matrix matter; Regulate nutrition soil matrix matter water content 55%; Nutrition soil matrix matter is through macerating heap fermentation 6 days; The nutrition soil matrix matter of preparation has good insulation, preserves moisture, ventilation and drainage performance.
3, make closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 6: the pouch of 26cm, placing one in the pouch is through to the bag bottom and reserves the common cotton thread that is about 4cm in pouch mouth upper end, fill macromolecule water uptake resin hydrogel (water absorbing properties is for absorbing the water of 4000 times of own wts) in the pouch, the sealing of pouch sack.
4, make nutrition child care bag: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 16: the tube-shape bag of 28cm, the bag bottom is equipped with the aperture of some diameters less than 1mm; Pack in the bag closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch and fill nutrition soil matrix matter.
5, will be colonizated on the nutrition child care bag nutrition soil by new plant through the Saussurea laniceps that tissue culture technology obtains, regulate and cultivate the interior diurnal temperature of canopy about 19 ℃, cultivate the interior plant seedling of canopy and cultivate management and spray through conventional ornamental plant, the plant seedling is grown under the thermophilic environment fast; When the growth of plant seedling is grown up to the about 7cm of plant seedling height, opening the ventilation door and window night will cultivate the canopy temperature and reduce to 7 ℃ and keep the 50min cold current and stimulate, the auximone methyl dilution that per about 10 days of while was 50mg/kg in concentration of foliage-spray, plant seedling resistance significantly strengthens, the root system pastiness is unfolded, and the cold-resistant effect of finished product seedling is obvious.
6, through the cultivation of 150 days cultivation canopy day and night temperature alternating temperatures, Saussurea laniceps plant seedling has grown up to the finished product seedling, and plant grows up strong and sturdy, and growing way is vigorous, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, the root well developed root system, and root system stretches downwards, and the tip of a root arrives at nutrition child care bag middle and lower part.
7, annual the first tenday period of a month in May, plateau grassy marshland temperature obviously rose and when reaching more than 6 ℃, can with cultivate the finished product seedling of cultivating in the canopy connect bag transplant plantation to the exposed soil of plateau grassy marshland ecological degradation (formed netted root system in the nutrition child care this moment bag, nutrition child care bag from using after 250～300 days by biological degradation gradually).Adopt the Saussurea laniceps plant finished product shoot root system of this method plantation flourishing, transplanting the back survival rate is 88%, and the Saussurea laniceps plant of plantation has grown up to the luxuriant plant in strong sprout of branches and leaves in early August then, and the young tender sprouting that spues after next year, frozen soil thawed; After testing, the soil of the nutrition under plant water content reaches more than 45%.
Embodiment ten:
1, gets original initial body in sheep lance (Festuca ovina) root, adopt conventional tissue culture technology to cultivate into new plantlet;
2, preparation nutrition soil matrix matter: by weight by humus soil 30%, plateau meadow soil 10% is burnt soil 10%, the barnyard manure 10% of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and dried horsehit 10%, perlite 29% and superphosphate 1% is mixed with nutrition soil matrix matter; Regulate nutrition soil matrix matter water content 60%; Nutrition soil matrix matter is through macerating heap fermentation 7 days; The nutrition soil matrix matter of preparation has good insulation, preserves moisture, ventilation and drainage performance.
3, make closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 8: the pouch of 26cm, placing one in the pouch is through to the bag bottom and reserves the common cotton thread that is about 4cm in pouch mouth upper end, fill macromolecule water uptake resin hydrogel (water absorbing properties is for absorbing the water of 53000 times of own wts) in the pouch, the sealing of pouch sack.
4, make nutrition child care bag: adopt the PLA macromolecule material film to be made into diameter: highly to be 16: the tube-shape bag of 30cm, the bag bottom is equipped with the aperture of some diameters less than 1mm; Pack in the bag closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch and fill nutrition soil matrix matter.
5, will be colonizated in through the new plant of sheep lance that tissue culture technology obtains on the nutrition child care bag nutrition soil, regulate and cultivate the interior diurnal temperature of canopy about 19 ℃, cultivate the interior plant seedling of canopy and cultivate management and spray through conventional ornamental plant, the plant seedling is grown under the thermophilic environment fast; When the growth of plant seedling is grown up to the about 5cm of plant seedling height, opening the ventilation door and window night will cultivate the canopy temperature and reduce to 5 ℃ and keep the 300min cold current and stimulate, the auximone heteroauxin dilution that per about 10 days of while was 70mg/kg in concentration of foliage-spray, plant seedling resistance significantly strengthens, root system development is unfolded, and the cold-resistant effect of finished product seedling is obvious.
6, through the cultivation of 140 days cultivation canopy day and night temperature alternating temperatures, sheep lance plantlet seedling has grown up to the finished product seedling, and plant grows up strong and sturdy, and growing way is vigorous, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, the root well developed root system, and root system stretches downwards, and the tip of a root arrives at nutrition child care bag middle and lower part.
7, annual the first tenday period of a month in May, plateau grassy marshland temperature obviously rose and when reaching more than 6 ℃, can with cultivate the finished product seedling of cultivating in the canopy connect bag transplant plantation to the cave of plateau grassy marshland ecological degradation (formed netted root system in the nutrition child care this moment bag, nutrition child care bag from using after 250～300 days by biological degradation gradually).Adopt the sheep lance plant finished product shoot root system of this method plantation flourishing, transplanting the back survival rate is 89%, the sheep lance plant of plantation has grown up to the luxuriant big plant of branches and leaves in early August then, and the young tender sprouting that after next year, frozen soil thawed, spues, after testing, the soil of the nutrition under plant water content reaches more than 45%.
Claims (4)
1. breeding method that adapts to the herbaceous plant plant seedling of alpine condition, concrete steps comprise:
(1), cultivates the plant seedling: root, stem or the branch of getting the middle living herbaceos perennial that grows in alpine condition, utilize totipotency of plant cell, by apical meristem directly the cell development of division become new plant or by developing into new plant by original initial body in the root or becoming new plant or the plant of the uncertain buds growth Cheng Xin that takes place by the root fringe by healing tissue development; Living herbaceos perennial seed in perhaps collecting promotes seed germination and develops into plantlet by vernalization;
(2), preparation nutrition soil matrix matter: by weight by humus soil 20～40%, plateau meadow soil 10～30% is burnt soil 10～20%, the barnyard manure 10～20% of becoming thoroughly decomposed, dried horsehit 10～20%, vermiculite or perlite 10～30% and superphosphate 1～3% are mixed with nutrition soil matrix matter; Regulate nutrition soil matrix matter water content 50～60%;
(3), make closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch: adopt PLA macromolecule material film or general agricultural film to be made into diameter: highly to be 2～8: the pouch of 10～26cm, place a common cotton thread that is through to the bag bottom and reserves long 3-5cm in pouch mouth upper end in the pouch, fill the macromolecule water uptake resin hydrogel in the pouch, the sealing of pouch sack;
(4), make nutrition child care bag: adopt PLA macromolecule material film or general agricultural film to be made into diameter: highly to be 10～16: be equipped with the aperture of some diameters bottom the tube-shape bag of 20～30cm, bag less than 1mm; Pack in the bag closed water-loss reducer of soil pouch and fill nutrition soil matrix matter;
(5), the plant planting seedlings that step (1) is obtained is on the nutrition soil matrix matter of nutrition child care bag, regulate and cultivate the interior diurnal temperature of canopy at 15～22 ℃, cultivate the interior plant seedling of canopy ornamental plant cultivation management and spray routinely, the plant seedling is grown under the thermophilic environment fast; Grow when the plant seedling and to grow up when the plant seedling height is 5-8cm, will cultivate the canopy temperature night every day and reduce to 5-8 ℃ and keep 15-25min, every 8-12 days at auximone dilution of foliage-spray;
(6), the cultivation of cultivating canopy day and night temperature alternating temperature through 100-150 days, the plant seedling has grown up to the finished product seedling, the plant growing way is vigorous, and is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, the root well developed root system, root system stretches downwards, the tip of a root arrives at nutrition child care bag middle and lower part;
(7), annual the first tenday period of a month in May plateau grassy marshland temperature obviously rise and when reaching more than 6 ℃, connect bag and transplant Desert Area intensive cropping cultivating the finished product seedling of cultivating in the canopy to plateau grassy marshland ecological degradation.
2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described middle living herbaceos perennial is that natural world grows in glacier knotweed, spire serpentgrass, serpentgrass, circle fringe knotweed, the snow mountain Radix Astragali, the acaulescence Radix Astragali, the cold ground Radix Astragali, the light pipe Radix Astragali, Baima snow mountain Radix Astragali, the Dajianlu Radix Astragali, the Yunnan long shoot Radix Astragali, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, billows deep blue ground glossy ganoderma, musciform kansu sandwort herb, evil mind kiss-me, Herba Saxifragae montanae, Saussurea laniceps or the sheep lance in the alpine condition throughout the year.
3. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described auximone dilution is that concentration is heteroauxin, indolebutyric acid or the naphthalene acid solution of 30～70mg/kg.
4. according to the described method of claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that fermenting 5-7 days through macerating heap again after the described nutrition soil matrix plasmogamy system.
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| CN102417391A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2012-04-18 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Serpentgrass planting method and rhizome cultivation special fertilizer |
| CN102972256A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-20 | 东营市绿洲农业生产力促进中心有限公司 | Deep-hole cave SAP resin mixed nutritive soil base guide root system arid land tree planting technology |
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