CN114931053A - Cultivation method of macadimia nut excellent germplasm resources - Google Patents
Cultivation method of macadimia nut excellent germplasm resources Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000018330 Macadamia integrifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 240000000912 Macadamia tetraphylla Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000003800 Macadamia tetraphylla Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N Brassinolide Natural products O=C1OC[C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@](C)([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C(C)C)C)C)CC3)CC[C@@H]2[C@]2(C)[C@@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C2 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N brassinolide Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]21 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000208467 Macadamia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 abstract 6
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 38
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000005794 Hymexazol Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- KGVPNLBXJKTABS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hymexazol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=NO1 KGVPNLBXJKTABS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 235000011869 dried fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001514666 Kunzea Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- NCYVXEGFNDZQCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nikethamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 NCYVXEGFNDZQCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2,4$l^{2}-dioxathiaplumbetane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000226021 Anacardium occidentale Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012272 crop production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method of excellent germplasm resources of macadimia nuts, which combines primary hardening-seedling, secondary hardening-seedling, tertiary hardening-seedling and quartic hardening-seedling in the hardening-seedling process, wherein the primary hardening-seedling process mainly enriches selenium element in seedlings, the secondary hardening-seedling process is continuous selenium supplement, the tertiary hardening-seedling process is drought-enduring process, the quartic hardening-seedling process is temperature-changing process, seedlings which can not enrich selenium element in the primary hardening-seedling process are eliminated in drought-enduring process and temperature-changing process, seedlings which enrich selenium element excessively in the secondary hardening-seedling process are eliminated in drought-enduring process and temperature-changing process, and finally screened seedlings can improve stress resistance of seedlings such as drought resistance, temperature-resisting property and the like to the maximum extent under biological function of selenium element, through the combination of primary seedling exercising, secondary seedling exercising, tertiary seedling exercising and quartic seedling exercising, high-quality selenium-enriched macadamia nut germplasm resources can be screened out in a targeted manner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of macadimia nut seedling culture, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of a macadimia nut excellent germplasm resource.
Background
The macadamia nut is also named as Kunzea chestnut, macadamia walnut, macadamia nut and Kunzea fruit, and is a tree nut native to Australia. Macadamia nuts belong to evergreen trees and dicotyledonous plants. The tree crown is tall and big, 3-4 leaves are in rotation, and the tree crown is needle-shaped, is leather, is smooth and has thorn-shaped sawteeth on the edge. Raceme axillary, flower beige, spherical fruit, pericarp, hard endocarp, and kernel beige to light brown. Is suitable for growing in mild, humid and wind-driven areas. Among the numerous dried fruits in the world, macadamia nut is the most economically valuable, enjoying the reputation of "king of dried fruit". Macadamia nut is rich in nutrition (milk white), its epicarp is green, its endocarp is hard and brown, its single fruit weight is 15-16 g, oil content is about 70%, protein is 9%, and contains 17 amino acids including 8 amino acids necessary for human body, and also contains mineral substances and vitamins. The macadamia nut is crisp, tender and delicious, has unique cream fragrance, is an edible fruit with the best quality in the world, has the beauty of 'dried fruit queen' and 'world nut king', and has far better flavor and mouthfeel than cashew nuts. Macadamia nut can be used for making dried fruits, cakes, chocolates, edible oil, cosmetics and the like. In addition, macadamia nut also has high nutritional value and medicinal value.
At present, the problems of the macadamia nut seedling raising technology are as follows: the method can be used for culturing seedlings in large quantity, the quality of the seedlings is judged only according to the stout condition of the seedlings, and the germplasm resources with excellent properties are difficult to be screened out in a targeted manner.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method of an excellent germplasm resource of macadimia nuts, which has strong operability and can screen out the germplasm resource with specific excellent characters.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a cultivation method of excellent germplasm resources of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling selection and pretreatment: selecting 1-2 years old robust macadimia nut seedlings, soaking the healthy macadimia nut seedlings in the root treatment solution for 3-5 hours, and taking out the healthy macadimia nut seedlings to obtain treated seedlings; the root treatment solution consists of the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of sterile water, 0.5-0.8 part of 98% chlorothalonil, 0.3-0.6 part of hymexazol-methyl, 0.5-0.7 part of 25% imidacloprid missible oil, 35-50 parts of sodium humate and 25-30 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate;
(2) hardening seedlings for the first time: planting the treated seedlings into a plot with selenium content of 0.2-0.25 mg/kg, and hardening seedlings for 10-15 days under the conditions that the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 75-80% and the shading degree is 45-55% to obtain seedlings hardened for one time;
(3) and (3) secondary hardening-seedling: spraying a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer for 3-4 times, with 5-7 days interval each time, on the seedlings which are subjected to the primary seedling hardening in the step (2), so as to obtain seedlings which are subjected to secondary seedling hardening;
the secondary hardening-seedling conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 60-70%, and the light shading degree is 30-35%;
the dosage of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is 15-25 g/plant, and the concentration of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is calculated by selenium: se is 0.25-0.35 g/L;
(4) hardening seedlings for the third time: sequentially reducing the humidity in the environment, and carrying out seedling hardening treatment on the seedlings hardened for the second time in the step (3) to obtain seedlings hardened for the third time;
the conditions for three times of seedling hardening are as follows: first-stage hardening seedling: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 50-55%, and the seedling exercising time is 5-7 days; and (3) second-stage seedling hardening: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 40-45%, and the seedling exercising time is 4-6 days; three-stage seedling hardening: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 30-35%, and the seedling exercising time is 4-6 days;
(5) four times of hardening seedlings: sequentially changing the temperature in the environment to carry out seedling hardening treatment on the seedlings hardened for three times in the step (4) to obtain seedlings hardened for four times;
the four seedling exercising conditions are as follows: primary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 28-32 ℃, the humidity is 65-75%, and the seedling exercising time is 5-7 days; secondary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 33-35 ℃, the humidity is 65-75%, and the seedling exercising time is 5-7 days; cooling and hardening seedlings: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 30-35%, and the seedling exercising time is 4-6 days;
(6) screening: and observing the conditions of the seedling leaves of the four times of hardening seedlings, simultaneously measuring the selenium content of the seedling leaves, and screening to obtain the excellent germplasm resources of the macadimia nuts.
Further, the root treatment solution in the step (1) is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of sterile water, 0.6-0.8 part of 98% chlorothalonil, 0.4-0.6 part of hymexazol-methyl, 0.6-0.7 part of 25% imidacloprid missible oil, 40-50 parts of sodium humate and 27-30 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
Further, the treated seedlings are planted in a plot with selenium content of 0.22-0.25 mg/kg in the step (2), and seedlings are hardened for 12-15 days under the conditions that the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the humidity is 76-80% and the shading degree is 50-55%, so that the seedlings with one-time hardening are obtained.
Further, in the step (2), the roots of the treated seedlings are soaked in the root care pulp, so that the roots of the seedlings are wrapped by one layer of the root care pulp to obtain the seedlings wrapped by the root care pulp, and then the seedlings wrapped by the root care pulp are planted in a land parcel with selenium content of 0.2-0.25 mg/kg for one-time seedling hardening; the root care pulp consists of the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of water, 50-60 parts of yellow mud, 15-20 parts of plant ash, 5-8 parts of hydrated lime, 6-8 parts of rice straw powder, 5-7 parts of clay, 2-3 parts of sodium humate and 0.05-0.08 part of trace element fertilizer.
Further, the root care slurry in the step (2) further comprises 0.003-0.005 part by weight of brassinolide and 0.006-0.008 part by weight of naphthylacetic acid.
Further, in the step (3), spraying a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer for 3-4 times at intervals of 5-7 days on the seedlings which are subjected to the primary seedling hardening in the step (2), so as to obtain seedlings which are subjected to secondary seedling hardening;
the secondary hardening-seedling conditions are as follows: the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the humidity is 65-70%, and the light shielding degree is 32-35%;
the dosage of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is 18-25 g/plant, and the concentration of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is calculated by selenium: se is 0.28-0.35 g/L.
Further, the humidity in the environment is sequentially reduced in the step (4) to perform seedling hardening treatment on the seedlings subjected to the secondary seedling hardening in the step (3) to obtain seedlings subjected to the tertiary seedling hardening;
the conditions for three times of seedling hardening are as follows: first-stage hardening seedling: the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the humidity is 52-55%, and the seedling exercising time is 5-7 days; two-stage seedling hardening: the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the humidity is 42-45%, and the seedling exercising time is 4-6 days; three-stage seedling hardening: the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the humidity is 32-35%, and the seedling exercising time is 4-6 days.
Further, the temperature in the environment is sequentially changed in the step (5) to perform seedling hardening treatment on the seedlings hardened for three times in the step (4) to obtain seedlings hardened for four times;
the four seedling exercising conditions are as follows: primary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 29-32 ℃, the humidity is 68-75%, and the seedling exercising time is 5-7 days; secondary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 34-35 ℃, the humidity is 68-75%, and the seedling exercising time is 5-7 days; cooling and hardening seedlings: the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the humidity is 33-35%, and the seedling exercising time is 4-6 days.
And (3) further, observing the conditions of the leaves of the seedlings obtained by four times of seedling hardening in the step (6), selecting the seedlings without abnormal leaves, measuring the selenium content of the leaves of the seedlings, and screening to obtain the excellent germplasm resources of the macadimia nuts.
Further, the selenium content of the seedling leaves in the step (6) is 15-16 mg/kg, and the macadimia nut excellent germplasm resource is obtained.
According to the cultivation method of the macadimia nut excellent germplasm resources, in the prior art, the seedling exercising process is a process of forcibly exercising the seedlings by taking measures of air release, temperature reduction, proper water control and the like under the condition of seedling cultivation in a protected area, so that the seedlings can quickly adapt to the adverse environmental conditions of land after field planting, the seedling reviving time is shortened, and the resistance to low temperature, strong wind and the like is enhanced; the invention mainly utilizes the performance of the seedlings with different characteristics under the specific seedling exercising condition to screen out the germplasm resources with specific excellent characteristics; specifically, before hardening, the seedlings are soaked in a root treatment solution, the root treatment solution contains chlorothalonil, hymexazol and imidacloprid missible oil, the effect of killing plant diseases and insect pests can be achieved, the survival rate of the seedlings can be increased, sodium humate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate are added into the root treatment solution to serve as plant growth stimulin, the root growth of the seedlings can be promoted, and the survival rate of the seedlings is further improved; the combination of primary seedling hardening, secondary seedling hardening, tertiary seedling hardening and quartic seedling hardening is adopted in the seedling hardening process, the selenium element is enriched in the seedlings in the primary seedling hardening process, the selenium is continuously supplemented in the secondary seedling hardening process, the drought resistance treatment is mainly carried out on the tertiary seedling hardening, the temperature change treatment is mainly carried out on the quartic seedling hardening, the seedlings which cannot be enriched in the selenium element in the primary seedling hardening process are eliminated in the drought resistance treatment and the temperature change treatment, the seedlings which are excessively enriched in the selenium element in the secondary seedling hardening process are eliminated in the drought resistance treatment and the temperature change treatment, the selenium element can be effectively enriched in the finally screened seedlings, the selenium element cannot be excessively enriched, the selenium poisoning reaction cannot be generated in the seedling plants, can improve the stress resistance of the seedlings, such as drought resistance, temperature change resistance and the like to the maximum extent under the biological function of the selenium element, through the combination of primary seedling exercising, secondary seedling exercising, tertiary seedling exercising and quartic seedling exercising, high-quality selenium-enriched macadamia nut germplasm resources can be screened out in a targeted manner.
According to the cultivation method of the excellent germplasm resources of the macadimia nuts, before one-time seedling hardening, the root of each seedling is wrapped with a layer of root care pulp, and the root care pulp contains yellow mud, clay, plant ash and other components, so that the root of each seedling can be protected, the water loss of the root of each seedling can be prevented, the effect of supplementing nutritional ingredients can be achieved, and the survival rate of the seedlings can be improved; brassinolide and naphthylacetic acid with certain compositions are also added into the root nursing pulp, so that the transverse and longitudinal growth of seedling root systems can be stimulated, the seedling root systems are developed, and the seedling hardening survival rate is high.
Detailed Description
The following examples may help one skilled in the art to more fully understand the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
According to the cultivation method of the excellent germplasm resources of the macadimia nuts, the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer used for secondary seedling hardening is a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer special for fruit trees purchased from the market.
The invention relates to a cultivation method of an excellent germ plasm resource of macadimia nuts, wherein 98% of chlorothalonil, hymexazol-methyl and 25% of imidacloprid missible oil used as root treatment liquid are purchased from the market.
According to the cultivation method of the excellent germplasm resources of the macadimia nuts, the microelement fertilizer in the root care pulp is a special microelement fertilizer for fruit trees purchased from the market, and the microelement fertilizer contains two or more of manganese fertilizer, copper fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer and zinc fertilizer.
The test site is Chong left city Longzhou county in Guangxi, the climate in Longzhou county is mild, the rainfall is abundant, the illumination is sufficient, and the unique southern subtropical zone monsoon climate and rich land resources are very suitable for developing tropical and subtropical zone crop production; the tested macadamia nut varieties are Guire No. 1 and No. 695 respectively; the experimental time was 2015 for 4 months.
Example 1
A cultivation method of excellent macadimia nut germplasm resources comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling selection and pretreatment: selecting 1-2 year-old robust macadimia nut seedlings of Guire No. 1 and No. 695 respectively, soaking the seedlings in a root treatment solution with the depth of 10-15 cm for 3 hours, and taking out the seedlings to obtain treated seedlings; the root treatment solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of sterile water, 0.5 part of 98% chlorothalonil, 0.3 part of hymexazol, 0.5 part of 25% imidacloprid missible oil, 35 parts of sodium humate and 25 parts of dipotassium phosphate;
(2) hardening seedlings for the first time: soaking the roots of the treated seedlings in root care pulp to wrap the roots of the seedlings with a layer of root care pulp to obtain seedlings wrapping the root care pulp, then planting the seedlings wrapping the root care pulp in a plot with the selenium content of 0.2mg/kg, and hardening the seedlings for 10 days under the conditions that the temperature is 20 ℃, the humidity is 75% and the shading degree is 45% to obtain seedlings hardened for one time; the root care pulp consists of the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of water, 50 parts of yellow mud, 15 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of slaked lime, 6 parts of straw powder, 5 parts of clay, 2 parts of sodium humate, 0.05 part of trace element fertilizer, 0.003 part of brassinolide and 0.006 part of naphthylacetic acid;
(3) and (3) secondary hardening seedling: spraying the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer for 3 times on the seedlings obtained by the primary seedling hardening in the step (2), wherein the interval is 5 days each time, and then obtaining the seedlings obtained by the secondary seedling hardening;
the conditions for the secondary hardening-off are as follows: the temperature is 20 ℃, the humidity is 60%, and the light shading degree is 30%;
the dosage of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is 15 g per plant, and the concentration of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is calculated by selenium: se is 0.25 g/L;
(4) hardening seedlings for the third time: sequentially reducing the humidity in the environment, and carrying out seedling hardening treatment on the seedlings hardened for the second time in the step (3) to obtain seedlings hardened for the third time;
the conditions for hardening seedlings for the third time are as follows: first-stage hardening seedling: the temperature is 20 ℃, the humidity is 50%, and the seedling exercising time is 5 days; two-stage seedling hardening: the temperature is 20 ℃, the humidity is 40%, and the seedling exercising time is 4 days; three-stage seedling exercising: the temperature is 20 ℃, the humidity is 30 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 4 days;
(5) four times of hardening seedlings: sequentially changing the temperature in the environment to carry out seedling hardening treatment on the seedlings hardened for three times in the step (4) to obtain seedlings hardened for four times;
the four seedling exercising conditions are as follows: primary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 28 ℃, the humidity is 65%, and the seedling exercising time is 5 days; secondary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 33 ℃, the humidity is 65%, and the seedling exercising time is 5 days; cooling and hardening seedlings: the temperature is 20 ℃, the humidity is 30 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 4 days;
(6) screening: observing the conditions of the leaves of the seedlings after four times of seedling hardening, selecting seedlings without abnormal leaves, and measuring the selenium content of the leaves of the seedlings, wherein the selenium content of the leaves of the seedlings is 15-16 mg/kg, so that the excellent germplasm resource of the macadimia nuts is obtained; the seedling leaves are regarded as abnormal if they have wilting, green losing, curling, swelling, malformed, and falling.
And when the four times of seedling hardening is finished, respectively counting the survival rate of seedlings of Guire No. 1 and No. 695, the number of abnormal seedlings of the leaves, the number of normal seedlings of the leaves and the selenium content of the seedlings of the leaves, wherein the counting results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
| Item | Survival Rate of seedling (%) | Abnormal number of seedlings in leaf | Selenium content (mg/kg) of abnormal leaves of seedling | Normal number of seedlings planted on leaves | Selenium content (mg/kg) of normal seedling leaves |
| Guire No. 1 | 94.0 | 266 | 10 to 14 or 17 to 19 | 16 | 15～16 |
| 695 # 695 | 92.7 | 264 | 10 to 14 or 17 to 19 | 14 | 15～16 |
Example 2
A cultivation method of excellent germplasm resources of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling selection and pretreatment: selecting 1-2-year-old robust macadamia nut seedlings of Guire No. 1 and No. 695 respectively, soaking the seedlings in a root treatment solution with the depth of 10-15 cm for 5 hours, and taking out the seedlings to obtain treated seedlings; the root treatment solution consists of the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of sterile water, 0.8 part of 98% chlorothalonil, 0.6 part of hymexazol, 0.7 part of 25% imidacloprid missible oil, 50 parts of sodium humate and 30 parts of dipotassium phosphate;
(2) hardening seedlings for the first time: soaking the roots of the treated seedlings in root care pulp to wrap the roots of the seedlings with a layer of root care pulp to obtain seedlings wrapping the root care pulp, then planting the seedlings wrapping the root care pulp in a plot with the selenium content of 0.25mg/kg, and hardening the seedlings for 15 days under the conditions that the temperature is 25 ℃, the humidity is 80% and the shading degree is 55% to obtain seedlings hardened for one time; the root care pulp consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of water, 60 parts of yellow mud, 20 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of slaked lime, 8 parts of straw powder, 7 parts of clay, 3 parts of sodium humate, 0.08 part of trace element fertilizer, 0.005 part of brassinolide and 0.008 part of naphthylacetic acid;
(3) and (3) secondary hardening seedling: spraying a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer on the seedlings which are subjected to the primary seedling hardening in the step (2) for 4 times, wherein the interval is 7 days every time, so that seedlings which are subjected to secondary seedling hardening are obtained;
the secondary hardening-seedling conditions are as follows: the temperature is 25 ℃, the humidity is 70 percent, and the light shading degree is 35 percent;
the dosage of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is 25 g/plant, and the concentration of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is calculated by selenium: se is 0.35 g/L;
(4) hardening seedlings for the third time: sequentially reducing the humidity in the environment, and carrying out seedling hardening treatment on the seedlings hardened for the second time in the step (3) to obtain seedlings hardened for the third time;
the conditions for three times of seedling hardening are as follows: first-stage seedling hardening: the temperature is 25 ℃, the humidity is 55 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 7 days; and (3) second-stage seedling hardening: the temperature is 25 ℃, the humidity is 45 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 6 days; three-stage seedling exercising: the temperature is 25 ℃, the humidity is 35%, and the seedling exercising time is 6 days;
(5) four times of hardening seedlings: sequentially changing the temperature in the environment to carry out seedling hardening treatment on the seedlings hardened for three times in the step (4) to obtain seedlings hardened for four times;
the four seedling exercising conditions are as follows: primary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 32 ℃, the humidity is 75%, and the seedling exercising time is 7 days; secondary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 35 ℃, the humidity is 75%, and the seedling exercising time is 7 days; cooling and hardening seedlings: the temperature is 25 ℃, the humidity is 35 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 6 days;
(6) screening: observing the conditions of the leaves of the seedlings after four times of seedling hardening, selecting seedlings without abnormal leaves, and measuring the selenium content of the leaves of the seedlings, wherein the selenium content of the leaves of the seedlings is 15-16 mg/kg, so that the excellent germplasm resource of the macadimia nuts is obtained; the seedling leaves are regarded as abnormal if they have wilting, green losing, curling, swelling, malformed, and falling.
When the four times of hardening-off are finished, the survival rate of seedlings of Guire No. 1 and No. 695, the number of abnormal seedlings of leaves, the number of normal seedlings of leaves and the selenium content of the seedlings and leaves are respectively counted, and the statistical results are shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2
| Item | Survival rate of seedling（%） | Abnormal number of seedlings in leaves | Selenium content (mg/kg) of abnormal leaves of seedling | Normal number of seedlings planted on leaves | Selenium content (mg/kg) of normal seedling leaves |
| Gui hot No. 1 | 94.6 | 267 | 10 to 14 or 17 to 19 | 17 | 15～16 |
| 695 # 695 | 93.3 | 265 | 10 to 14 or 17 to 19 | 15 | 15～16 |
Example 3
A cultivation method of excellent germplasm resources of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling selection and pretreatment: selecting 1-2 year-old robust macadimia nut seedlings of Guire No. 1 and No. 695 respectively, soaking the seedlings in a root treatment solution with the depth of 10-15 cm for 4 hours, and taking out the seedlings to obtain treated seedlings; the root treatment solution consists of the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of sterile water, 0.6 part of 98% chlorothalonil, 0.4 part of hymexazol, 0.6 part of 25% imidacloprid missible oil, 40 parts of sodium humate and 27 parts of dipotassium phosphate;
(2) hardening seedlings for the first time: soaking the roots of the treated seedlings in root care pulp to wrap the roots of the seedlings with a layer of root care pulp to obtain seedlings wrapping the root care pulp, then planting the seedlings wrapping the root care pulp in a plot with the selenium content of 0.22mg/kg, and hardening the seedlings for 12 days under the conditions that the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 76% and the shading degree is 50% to obtain seedlings hardened for one time; the root care pulp consists of the following components in parts by weight: 27 parts of water, 55 parts of yellow mud, 17 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of slaked lime, 7 parts of rice straw powder, 6 parts of clay, 2.5 parts of sodium humate, 0.07 part of trace element fertilizer, 0.004 part of brassinolide and 0.007 part of naphthylacetic acid;
(3) and (3) secondary hardening seedling: spraying a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer on the seedlings which are subjected to the primary seedling hardening in the step (2) for 4 times, wherein the interval between every two times is 6 days, so as to obtain seedlings which are subjected to secondary seedling hardening;
the conditions for the secondary hardening-off are as follows: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 65%, and the light shading degree is 32%;
the dosage of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is 18 g per plant, and the concentration of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is calculated by selenium: se is 0.28 g/L;
(4) hardening seedlings for three times: sequentially reducing the humidity in the environment, and carrying out seedling hardening treatment on the seedlings hardened for the second time in the step (3) to obtain seedlings hardened for the third time;
the conditions for three times of seedling hardening are as follows: first-stage hardening seedling: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 52 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 5 days; two-stage seedling hardening: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 42 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 4 days; three-stage seedling hardening: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 32 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 4 days;
(5) four times of hardening seedlings: sequentially changing the temperature in the environment to perform hardening treatment on the seedlings hardened for three times in the step (4) to obtain seedlings hardened for four times;
the four seedling exercising conditions are as follows: primary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 29 ℃, the humidity is 68 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 5 days; secondary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 34 ℃, the humidity is 68 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 5 days; cooling and hardening seedlings: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 33 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 4 days;
(6) screening: observing the conditions of the leaves of the seedlings of the four times of hardening seedlings, selecting the seedlings without abnormal leaves, and measuring the selenium content of the leaves of the seedlings, wherein the selenium content of the leaves of the seedlings is 15-16 mg/kg, so that the macadimia nut excellent germplasm resource is obtained; the seedling leaves are regarded as abnormal if they have wilting, green losing, curling, swelling, malformed, and falling.
When the four times of seedling hardening is finished, the survival rate of seedlings of Guire No. 1 and No. 695, the number of abnormal seedlings of leaves, the number of normal seedlings of leaves and the selenium content of the seedlings of leaves are respectively counted, and the counting results are shown in the following table 3.
TABLE 3
| Item | Survival Rate of seedling (%) | Abnormal number of seedlings in leaves | Selenium content (mg/kg) of abnormal leaves of seedling | Normal number of seedlings planted on leaves | Selenium content (mg/kg) of normal seedling leaves |
| Gui hot No. 1 | 97.0 | 272 | 10 to 14 or 17 to 19 | 19 | 15～16 |
| 695 # 695 | 96.0 | 270 | 10 to 14 or 17 to 19 | 18 | 15～16 |
Example 4
A cultivation method of excellent germplasm resources of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling selection and pretreatment: selecting 1-2 year-old robust macadimia nut seedlings of Guire No. 1 and No. 695 respectively, soaking the seedlings in a root treatment solution with the depth of 10-15 cm for 4 hours, and taking out the seedlings to obtain treated seedlings; the root treatment solution consists of the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of sterile water, 0.6 part of 98% chlorothalonil, 0.4 part of hymexazol, 0.6 part of 25% imidacloprid missible oil, 40 parts of sodium humate and 27 parts of dipotassium phosphate;
(2) hardening seedlings for the first time: planting the treated seedlings into a plot with selenium content of 0.22mg/kg, and hardening under the conditions of temperature of 22 ℃, humidity of 76% and shading degree of 50% for 12 days to obtain seedlings hardened for one time;
(3) and (3) secondary hardening-seedling: spraying the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer for 4 times to the seedlings which are subjected to the primary seedling hardening in the step (2), wherein the interval between every two times is 6 days, so that the seedlings which are subjected to the secondary seedling hardening are obtained;
the secondary hardening-seedling conditions are as follows: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 65 percent, and the light shading degree is 32 percent;
the dosage of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is 18 g per plant, and the concentration of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is calculated by selenium: se is 0.28 g/L;
(4) hardening seedlings for the third time: sequentially reducing the humidity in the environment, and carrying out hardening treatment on the seedlings subjected to the secondary hardening-seedling in the step (3) to obtain seedlings subjected to the tertiary hardening-seedling;
the conditions for three times of seedling hardening are as follows: first-stage hardening seedling: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 52 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 5 days; two-stage seedling hardening: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 42 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 4 days; three-stage seedling exercising: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 32 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 4 days;
(5) four times of hardening seedlings: sequentially changing the temperature in the environment to carry out seedling hardening treatment on the seedlings hardened for three times in the step (4) to obtain seedlings hardened for four times;
the four seedling exercising conditions are as follows: primary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 29 ℃, the humidity is 68 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 5 days; secondary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 34 ℃, the humidity is 68 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 5 days; cooling and hardening seedlings: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 33 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 4 days;
(6) screening: observing the conditions of the leaves of the seedlings after four times of seedling hardening, selecting seedlings without abnormal leaves, and measuring the selenium content of the leaves of the seedlings, wherein the selenium content of the leaves of the seedlings is 15-16 mg/kg, so that the excellent germplasm resource of the macadimia nuts is obtained; the seedling leaves are regarded as abnormal if they have wilting, green losing, curling, swelling, malformed, and falling.
When the four times of seedling hardening is finished, the survival rate of seedlings of Guire No. 1 and No. 695, the number of abnormal seedlings of leaves, the number of normal seedlings of leaves and the selenium content of the seedlings of leaves are respectively counted, and the counting results are shown in the following table 4.
TABLE 4
| Item | Survival Rate of seedling (%) | Abnormal number of seedlings in leaf | Selenium content (mg/kg) of abnormal leaves of seedling | Normal number of seedlings growing on leaves | Selenium content (mg/kg) of normal seedling leaves |
| Guire No. 1 | 82.3 | 230 | 10 to 14 or 17 to 19 | 17 | 15～16 |
| 695 # 695 | 84.3 | 237 | 10 to 14 or 17 to 19 | 16 | 15～16 |
Comparative example 1
A cultivation method of excellent germplasm resources of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling selection and pretreatment: selecting 1-2-year-old robust macadamia nut seedlings of Guire No. 1 and No. 695 respectively, soaking the seedlings in a root treatment solution with the depth of 10-15 cm for 4 hours, and taking out the seedlings to obtain treated seedlings; the root treatment solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of sterile water, 0.6 part of 98% chlorothalonil, 0.4 part of hymexazol, 0.6 part of 25% imidacloprid missible oil, 40 parts of sodium humate and 27 parts of dipotassium phosphate;
(2) hardening seedlings for the first time: soaking the roots of the treated seedlings in root care pulp to wrap the roots of the seedlings with a layer of root care pulp to obtain seedlings wrapping the root care pulp, then planting the seedlings wrapping the root care pulp in a plot with the selenium content of 0.22mg/kg, and hardening the seedlings for 12 days under the conditions that the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 76% and the shading degree is 50% to obtain seedlings hardened for one time; the root care pulp consists of the following components in parts by weight: 27 parts of water, 55 parts of yellow mud, 17 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of slaked lime, 7 parts of straw powder, 6 parts of clay, 2.5 parts of sodium humate, 0.07 part of trace element fertilizer, 0.004 part of brassinolide and 0.007 part of naphthylacetic acid;
(3) hardening seedlings for the third time: sequentially reducing the humidity in the environment, and carrying out hardening treatment on the seedlings hardened in the step (2) for one time to obtain seedlings hardened for three times;
the conditions for hardening seedlings for the third time are as follows: first-stage hardening seedling: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 52 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 5 days; two-stage seedling hardening: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 42 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 4 days; three-stage seedling exercising: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 32 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 4 days;
(4) four times of hardening seedlings: sequentially changing the temperature in the environment to perform seedling hardening treatment on the seedlings hardened for three times in the step (3) to obtain seedlings hardened for four times;
the four seedling exercising conditions are as follows: primary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 29 ℃, the humidity is 68 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 5 days; secondary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 34 ℃, the humidity is 68 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 5 days; cooling and hardening seedlings: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 33 percent, and the seedling exercising time is 4 days;
(5) screening: high-quality selenium-rich macadamia nut germplasm resources cannot be screened out.
Comparative example 2
A cultivation method of excellent germplasm resources of macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling selection and pretreatment: selecting 1-2-year-old robust macadamia nut seedlings of Guire No. 1 and No. 695 respectively, soaking the seedlings in a root treatment solution with the depth of 10-15 cm for 4 hours, and taking out the seedlings to obtain treated seedlings; the root treatment solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of sterile water, 0.6 part of 98% chlorothalonil, 0.4 part of hymexazol, 0.6 part of 25% imidacloprid missible oil, 40 parts of sodium humate and 27 parts of dipotassium phosphate;
(2) hardening seedlings for the first time: soaking the roots of the treated seedlings in root care pulp to wrap the roots of the seedlings with a layer of root care pulp to obtain seedlings wrapping the root care pulp, then planting the seedlings wrapping the root care pulp in a plot with the selenium content of 0.22mg/kg, and hardening the seedlings for 12 days under the conditions that the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 76% and the shading degree is 50% to obtain seedlings hardened for one time; the root care pulp consists of the following components in parts by weight: 27 parts of water, 55 parts of yellow mud, 17 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of slaked lime, 7 parts of straw powder, 6 parts of clay, 2.5 parts of sodium humate, 0.07 part of trace element fertilizer, 0.004 part of brassinolide and 0.007 part of naphthylacetic acid;
(3) and (3) secondary hardening seedling: spraying a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer on the seedlings which are subjected to the primary seedling hardening in the step (2) for 4 times, wherein the interval between every two times is 6 days, so as to obtain seedlings which are subjected to secondary seedling hardening;
the conditions for the secondary hardening-off are as follows: the temperature is 22 ℃, the humidity is 65%, and the light shading degree is 32%;
the dosage of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is 18 g per plant, and the concentration of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is calculated by selenium: se is 0.28 g/L;
(4) screening: high-quality selenium-rich macadamia nut germplasm resources cannot be screened out.
In the above examples 1-4, the selenium content of abnormal leaf seedlings is 10-19 mg/kg, specifically, the selenium content of the leaf seedlings is subdivided into two parts, the selenium content of the leaf blades of the first part of plants is 10-14 mg/kg, and the selenium content of the leaf blades of the other part of plants is 17-19 mg/kg; the selenium content of the leaves of the plants with normal leaves is 15-16 mg/kg.
Planting the quality selenium-rich macadimia nut germplasm resources screened out in the embodiments 1-4 and the healthy and non-selenium-rich macadimia nut germplasm resources in a field, measuring the selenium content of the macadimia nut bearing the fruit, and according to the experimental results, increasing the selenium content of the macadimia nut bearing the fruit by more than 20% by using the quality selenium-rich macadimia nut germplasm resources.
According to the field planting experiment and the statistical results of the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-2, the cultivation method of the macadamia nut excellent germplasm resource is characterized in that before hardening, seedlings are placed into the root treatment liquid for soaking treatment, the root treatment liquid contains chlorothalonil, hymexazol and imidacloprid missible oil, the effect of killing plant diseases and insect pests can be achieved, the survival rate of the seedlings can be increased, sodium humate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate are added into the root treatment liquid to serve as plant growth stimulin, the root system growth can be promoted, and the survival rate of the seedlings can be further increased; the combination of primary seedling hardening, secondary seedling hardening, tertiary seedling hardening and quartic seedling hardening is adopted in the seedling hardening process, the selenium element is enriched in the seedlings in the primary seedling hardening process, the selenium is continuously supplemented in the secondary seedling hardening process, the drought resistance treatment is mainly carried out on the tertiary seedling hardening, the temperature change treatment is mainly carried out on the quartic seedling hardening, the seedlings which cannot be enriched in the selenium element in the primary seedling hardening process are eliminated in the drought resistance treatment and the temperature change treatment, the seedlings which are excessively enriched in the selenium element in the secondary seedling hardening process are eliminated in the drought resistance treatment and the temperature change treatment, the selenium element can be effectively enriched in the finally screened seedlings, the selenium element cannot be excessively enriched, the selenium poisoning reaction cannot be generated in the seedling plants, can improve the stress resistance of the seedlings, such as drought resistance, temperature change resistance and the like to the maximum extent under the biological function of the selenium element, through the combination of primary seedling exercising, secondary seedling exercising, tertiary seedling exercising and quartic seedling exercising, high-quality selenium-enriched macadamia nut germplasm resources can be screened out in a targeted manner; before the primary seedling hardening, the root of the seedling is wrapped with a layer of root care pulp, the root care pulp contains yellow mud, clay, plant ash and other components, the root of the seedling can be protected, the water loss of the root of the seedling can be prevented, the effect of supplementing nutrient components can be achieved, and the survival rate of the seedling can be improved; brassinolide and naphthylacetic acid with certain compositions are also added into the root nursing pulp, so that the transverse and longitudinal growth of seedling root systems can be stimulated, the seedling root systems are developed, and the seedling hardening survival rate is high.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method of excellent germplasm resources of macadimia nuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seedling selection and pretreatment: selecting 1-2 years old robust macadamia nut seedlings, soaking the robust macadamia nut seedlings in the root treatment solution for 3-5 hours, and taking out the robust macadamia nut seedlings to obtain treated seedlings; the root treatment solution consists of the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of sterile water, 0.5-0.8 part of 98% chlorothalonil, 0.3-0.6 part of hymexazol-methyl, 0.5-0.7 part of 25% imidacloprid missible oil, 35-50 parts of sodium humate and 25-30 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate;
(2) hardening seedlings for the first time: planting the treated seedlings into a plot with selenium content of 0.2-0.25 mg/kg, and hardening seedlings for 10-15 days under the conditions that the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 75-80% and the shading degree is 45-55% to obtain seedlings hardened for one time;
(3) and (3) secondary hardening seedling: spraying a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer for 3-4 times, with 5-7 days interval each time, on the seedlings which are subjected to the primary seedling hardening in the step (2), so as to obtain seedlings which are subjected to secondary seedling hardening;
the conditions for the secondary hardening-off are as follows: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 60-70%, and the light shading degree is 30-35%;
the dosage of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is 15-25 g/plant, and the concentration of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is calculated by selenium: se is 0.25-0.35 g/L;
(4) hardening seedlings for the third time: sequentially reducing the humidity in the environment, and carrying out hardening treatment on the seedlings subjected to the secondary hardening-seedling in the step (3) to obtain seedlings subjected to the tertiary hardening-seedling;
the conditions for three times of seedling hardening are as follows: first-stage hardening seedling: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 50-55%, and the seedling exercising time is 5-7 days; and (3) second-stage seedling hardening: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 40-45%, and the seedling exercising time is 4-6 days; three-stage seedling hardening: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 30-35%, and the seedling exercising time is 4-6 days;
(5) four times of hardening seedlings: sequentially changing the temperature in the environment to perform hardening treatment on the seedlings hardened for three times in the step (4) to obtain seedlings hardened for four times;
the four seedling exercising conditions are as follows: primary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 28-32 ℃, the humidity is 65-75%, and the seedling exercising time is 5-7 days; secondary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 33-35 ℃, the humidity is 65-75%, and the seedling exercising time is 5-7 days; cooling and hardening seedlings: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, the humidity is 30-35%, and the seedling exercising time is 4-6 days;
(6) screening: and observing the conditions of the seedling leaves of the four times of hardening seedlings, simultaneously measuring the selenium content of the seedling leaves, and screening to obtain the excellent germplasm resources of the macadimia nuts.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the root treatment solution in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of sterile water, 0.6-0.8 part of 98% chlorothalonil, 0.4-0.6 part of hymexazol-methyl, 0.6-0.7 part of 25% imidacloprid missible oil, 40-50 parts of sodium humate and 27-30 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) planting the treated seedlings into a plot with selenium content of 0.22-0.25 mg/kg, and hardening seedlings for 12-15 days under the conditions that the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the humidity is 76-80% and the light shading degree is 50-55% to obtain seedlings hardened for one time.
4. A cultivation method of excellent germplasm resources of macadimia nuts according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), the root of the treated seedling is soaked in the root care pulp, so that the root of the seedling is wrapped by one layer of root care pulp to obtain the seedling wrapped by the root care pulp, and then the seedling wrapped by the root care pulp is planted in a plot with selenium content of 0.2-0.25 mg/kg for hardening once; the root care pulp consists of the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of water, 50-60 parts of yellow mud, 15-20 parts of plant ash, 5-8 parts of slaked lime, 6-8 parts of rice straw powder, 5-7 parts of clay, 2-3 parts of sodium humate and 0.05-0.08 part of trace element fertilizer.
5. The method for cultivating excellent germplasm resources of macadamia nuts according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the root care slurry in the step (2) further comprises 0.003-0.005 part by weight of brassinolide and 0.006-0.008 part by weight of naphthylacetic acid.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: spraying a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer for 3-4 times in the step (3) on the seedlings which are subjected to the primary seedling hardening in the step (2), wherein the interval is 5-7 days every time, so as to obtain seedlings which are subjected to secondary seedling hardening;
the conditions for the secondary hardening-off are as follows: the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the humidity is 65-70%, and the light shielding degree is 32-35%;
the dosage of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is 18-25 g/plant, and the concentration of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is calculated by selenium: se is 0.28-0.35 g/L.
7. A cultivation method of excellent germplasm resources of macadimia nuts according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the humidity in the environment is sequentially reduced in the step (4) to perform seedling hardening treatment on the seedlings subjected to the secondary seedling hardening in the step (3) to obtain seedlings subjected to the tertiary seedling hardening;
the conditions for three times of seedling hardening are as follows: first-stage hardening seedling: the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the humidity is 52-55%, and the seedling exercising time is 5-7 days; two-stage seedling hardening: the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the humidity is 42-45%, and the seedling exercising time is 4-6 days; three-stage seedling exercising: the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the humidity is 32-35%, and the seedling exercising time is 4-6 days.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: sequentially changing the temperature in the environment in the step (5) to perform hardening treatment on the seedlings hardened for three times in the step (4) to obtain seedlings hardened for four times;
the four seedling exercising conditions are as follows: primary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 29-32 ℃, the humidity is 68-75%, and the seedling exercising time is 5-7 days; secondary temperature rise seedling hardening: the temperature is 34-35 ℃, the humidity is 68-75%, and the seedling exercising time is 5-7 days; cooling and hardening seedlings: the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the humidity is 33-35%, and the seedling exercising time is 4-6 days.
9. A cultivation method of excellent germplasm resources of macadimia nuts according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (4) observing the conditions of the seedling leaves of the four-time seedling hardening in the step (6), selecting seedlings without abnormal leaves, measuring the selenium content of the seedling leaves, and screening to obtain the excellent germplasm resources of the macadimia nuts.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (5) in the step (6), the selenium content of the seedling leaves is 15-16 mg/kg, and the macadimia nut excellent germplasm resource is obtained.
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Application publication date: 20220823 Assignee: Wuzhou Ruifeng Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: SOUTH ASIAN TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE Research Institute OF GUANGXI Contract record no.: X2023980045477 Denomination of invention: A Method for Cultivating Excellent Germplasm Resources of Macadamia Nuts Granted publication date: 20230627 License type: Common License Record date: 20231106 |