CN114956911B

CN114956911B - Camellia oleifera planting fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114956911B
Application number: CN202210782517.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 金定武
Original assignee: Hubei Gebihu Green Products Co ltd
Current assignee: Hubei Gebihu Green Products Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-07-05
Filing date: 2022-07-05
Publication date: 2023-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 2042-07-05
Also published as: CN114956911A

Abstract

The invention discloses a tea-oil tree planting fertilizer, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of animal waste, 10-15 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of natural calcium-containing substances, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of straw powder, 5-10 parts of humus, 3-5 parts of peanut meal and 1-3 parts of probiotics; fermenting the animal waste, the soybean meal, the straw powder, the humus and the peanut meal; the probiotics comprise bacillus subtilis and bacillus stearothermophilus. The invention also protects a preparation method of the camellia oleifera planting fertilizer. The invention has better soil hardening resistance, certain pest and disease prevention capability and rich nutrient substances, and can effectively improve the oil yield of the oil tea.

Description

Camellia oleifera planting fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting fertilizers, and particularly relates to a camellia oleifera planting fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Camellia oleifera (scientific name: camellia oleifera Abel, also known as tea tree), a plant of the genus Camellia of the family Theaceae of the order Theales, which is widely cultivated in China from the Yangtze river basin to the south of the China. The camellia oleifera is named because the seeds can extract oil, and the extracted oil is camellia oil. The tea oil has unsaturated fatty acid content as high as about 90%, which is 7% higher than olive oil, oleic acid content as high as 80-83%, linoleic acid content as high as 7-13%, and is rich in vitamins A, B, D, E, etc. The tea oil is one of the best edible vegetable oils because of good oil quality, strong oxidation resistance and good health care function, and has good medical care and health care effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases after long-term consumption. The camellia oleifera is one of four woody oil plants in the world, grows in high mountains and hilly lands in subtropical regions in south China, and is a pure natural high-grade oil plant special for China. Mainly focuses on Zhejiang, jiangxi, henan, hunan and Guangxi provinces, and the special growth environment requirements thereof cause extremely low yield.

With the increasing living standard of China, the demand of tea oil is increased dramatically. Due to the limitation of the planting region and the planting difficulty of the camellia oleifera, the yield of the camellia oleifera in China is far lower than the market demand at present. In order to solve the problem of insufficient demand, the planting area of the camellia oleifera in China is increased year by year, and in order to stimulate the yield, the existing camellia oleifera is planted by using a large amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, so that the existing camellia oleifera is poor in planting effect, low in oil yield and serious in land hardening in planting regions.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the camellia oleifera planting fertilizer and the preparation method thereof, the camellia oleifera planting fertilizer has better soil hardening resistance, can have certain pest and disease prevention capability, is rich in nutrient substances, and can effectively improve the oil yield of camellia oleifera.

In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a camellia oleifera planting fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of animal waste, 10-15 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of natural calcium-containing substances, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of straw powder, 5-10 parts of humus, 3-5 parts of peanut meal and 1-3 parts of probiotics; fermenting the animal waste, the soybean meal, the straw powder, the humus and the peanut meal; the probiotics comprise bacillus subtilis and bacillus stearothermophilus.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention also has the following improvement.

Further, the animal manure comprises one or more of chicken manure, pig manure and sheep manure.

Further, the diatomite is natural fresh water diatomite.

Further, the natural calcium-containing substance adopts eggshell powder.

Further, the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the peanut meal is 4.

Further, the humus is formed by mixing and fermenting leaves and animal wastes.

Further, the planting fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of animal waste, 12-15 parts of diatomite, 5-6 parts of eggshell powder, 12 parts of soybean meal, 8-10 parts of plant ash, 6-8 parts of straw powder, 5-6 parts of humic leaves, 3 parts of peanut meal and 2-3 parts of probiotics.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the camellia oleifera planting fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

s1, adding 4-8 parts of water into animal manure, soybean meal, straw powder, humus and peanut meal in a certain proportion and uniformly mixing;

s2, performing anaerobic fermentation on the mixture prepared in the step S1 in a fermentation tank at the temperature of 40-65 ℃ for 5-14 days;

s3, turning the fermentation product prepared in the step S3, and then drying;

and S4, adding the diatomite, the natural calcium-containing substances, the plant ash and the probiotics in the formula amount into the air-dried fermentation product prepared in the step S4, and uniformly mixing to prepare the camellia oleifera planting fertilizer.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention has the following improvement.

Further, in the step S2, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 50-55 ℃, and the fermentation time is controlled to be 7-10 days.

Further, in the step S3, the drying is carried out at the temperature of 70-85 ℃ for more than 6 hours by hot air drying.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, no chemical fertilizer and pesticide components are added, all components are obtained naturally, and the prepared planting fertilizer belongs to an excellent natural organic fertilizer, does not damage soil and environment, and can effectively protect the soil environment of the tea-oil tree planting region; according to the invention, the bean pulp, the peanut meal, the plant ash and the straw are adopted as main components, and a certain amount of natural humus is matched, so that the fertilizer is weak in acidity as a whole, has a neutralization effect on alkaline hardened soil with excessive salt applied to the fertilizer, can keep the planting soil weak in acidity, and provides an excellent soil condition for the growth of the oil tea; according to the invention, the diatomite is matched with the natural calcium-containing substances, so that hardened soil can be effectively conditioned, the conditioning and prevention effects on non-hardened soil can be realized, and the components such as natural humus are matched, so that the soil in a planting region can be fluffy, the retention capacity of the soil in the planting region on water and nutrient substances can be improved, the nutrition can be continuously provided for the growth of camellia oleifera, the growth of camellia oleifera can be promoted, and the yield of camellia seeds can be improved; the probiotic components are added, so that the disease can be prevented, and the main fertilizer components can be matched, so that necessary oil production nutrient substances are effectively provided for the growth of the camellia oleifera, and the oil yield of the camellia oleifera is effectively improved.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.

The invention designs a camellia oleifera planting fertilizer, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of animal waste, 10-15 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of natural calcium-containing substances, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of straw powder, 5-10 parts of humus, 3-5 parts of peanut meal and 1-3 parts of probiotics; fermenting the animal waste, the soybean meal, the straw powder, the humus and the peanut meal; the probiotics comprise bacillus subtilis and bacillus stearothermophilus.

The prepared planting fertilizer is used for planting the camellia oleifera, can provide comprehensive nutrition for growth of the camellia oleifera, can effectively prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests, greatly reduces the pesticide consumption, and effectively improves the soil environment of a planting region.

s3, turning the fermentation product prepared in the step S3, and then drying;

In some preferred embodiments, the animal manure comprises one or more of chicken manure, pig manure, sheep manure.

In some preferred embodiments, the diatomite is natural freshwater diatomite.

In some preferred embodiments, the natural calcium-containing material is ground eggshell.

In some preferred embodiments, the humus is formed by mixing and fermenting leaves and animal wastes.

The design of the invention is elaborately designed by the inventor aiming at the growth characteristics of the camellia oleifera and combining the soil environment of the current camellia oleifera planting region. According to the invention, the diatomite is matched with the natural calcium-containing substance, so that the soil hardening is effectively improved, the soil fluffing is loosened, and the nutrient and moisture retention capability of the soil can be effectively improved. The fertilizer disclosed by the invention is elaborately designed after experiments by the inventor, adopts animal wastes, soybean meal, straw powder, humus and peanut meal, and is matched with probiotics. Experiments prove that the fertilizer can provide comprehensive nutrition for the growth of the camellia oleifera, and the planted camellia oleifera has large seed yield and high oil yield. The inventor tests show that the planting fertilizer has a very obvious effect on preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and the probability of the planted camellia oleifera being infected by the plant diseases and insect pests is very low even if no pesticide is applied in the planting process.

The following are examples 1 to 6 of the present invention. In the embodiments 1 to 6, the humus is prepared by fermenting the fallen leaves of trees growing in the tea-oil tree planting region and animal wastes; the natural calcium-containing material is medical stone powder or basalt powder; the probiotics are Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus in a mass ratio of 1. The specific formulation is shown in table 1 below.

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Example 6

Animal waste

20 parts of chicken manure

30 parts of chicken manure

40 parts of chicken manure

40 parts of pig manure

30 parts of pig manure

20 parts of pig manure

Diatomite

10 portions of

12 portions of

15 portions of

14 portions of

10 portions of

Natural calcium-containing substance

5 parts of medical stone

7 parts of medical stone

10 portions of medical stone

10 parts of basalt

8 parts of basalt

6 parts of basalt

Soybean meal powder

10 portions of

13 portions of

15 portions of

13 portions of

10 portions of

Plant ash

5 portions of

7 portions of

10 portions of

7 portions of

5 portions of

Corn stalk powder

5 portions of

7 portions of

10 portions of

7 portions of

5 portions of

Humus

5 portions of

7 portions of

10 portions of

7 portions of

5 portions of

Peanut meal

3 portions of

4 portions of

5 portions of

4 portions of

3 portions of

Probiotics

1 part of

2 portions of

3 portions of

2 portions of

1 part of

Table 1 examples 1 to 6 formulation tables

The base fertilizer of Huawote oil tea and the compound fertilizer of forest expert oil tea are used as comparative examples 1 and 2. Based on example 3 of the present invention, a fertilizer prepared without adding probiotics was used as comparative example 3, and based on example 3 of the present invention, a fertilizer prepared without adding natural calcium-containing substances was used as comparative example 4.

Planting tests were performed on the fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 6 and the fertilizers of comparative examples 1 to 4, one-season camellia was planted, 20 camellia trees were planted in each fertilizer, no pesticide was applied, the final camellia fruit yield and the oil yield were tested, and the disease rate and the final properties of soil in the planting region were counted.

The planting adopts the current universal planting space, the watering amount is based on the watering amount commonly adopted by the current tea-oil tree planting, the standard of the fertilizer is used, the fertilizer is applied for 2 times in each season, and the fertilizer is applied according to the standard of 500 g/plant each time.

The results are shown in Table 2.

	Disease rate	Soil hardening	Saline alkali property of soil	Seed yield (kg)	Oil yield
						Example 1	5％	Is free of	Is free of	171	52.4％
Example 2	0	Is free of	Is free of	178	51.8％
						Example 3	0	Is composed of	Is composed of	181	51.9％
Example 4	0	Is composed of	Is free of	185	52.2％
						Example 5	5％	Is composed of	Is free of	174	52.1％
Example 6	0	Is free of	Is composed of	182	52.6％
						Comparative example 1	40％	Is provided with	Is provided with	118	39.8％
Comparative example 2	45％	Is provided with	Is provided with	104	41.2％
						Comparative example 3	10％	Is provided with	Is free of	148	44.6％
Comparative example 4	5％	Is provided with	Is free of	158	48.9％

Table 2 examples 1-6 tea-oil tree planting data table

As can be seen from the data in the table 2, the method can effectively improve the land hardening state in the tea-oil tree planting region, has excellent effect on preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, can greatly improve the fruit yield of the tea-oil trees, and has extremely high oil yield of the produced tea-oil trees.

As can be seen by comparing the data of the examples and comparative examples 3, 4 of table 2. After the probiotics are added, the oil yield of the oil tea is obviously improved, the fruit yield is also obviously improved, and the soil hardening is also effectively improved; after the natural calcium-containing substances are added, the conditioning effect of the soil hardening agent is obviously improved. Therefore, the invention can also be seen in that the soil conditioning is realized by utilizing the synergistic effect of the diatomite, the probiotics and the natural calcium-containing substances, the diatomite is singly adopted or only the diatomite and the probiotics are adopted, and the soil conditioning effect is very limited.

Furthermore, as can be seen from comparison of data in the example and the comparative example 3 in table 2, the pest control effect of the present application is excellent, and the addition of probiotics can cooperate with the pest control effect. Also, from the data of table 2 above, it can be seen that the disease components in the fertilizer composition were completely killed during the fermentation process after the anaerobic fermentation was used.

The bacillus subtilis of the application is preferably Acmec LA0228 bacillus subtilis; while the Bacillus stearothermophilus of LA8990 from Solarbio is preferably used as the Bacillus stearothermophilus of the present application.

Through experimental screening, the inventor adopts the two probiotics, the disease control effect is extremely excellent, and the condition that no pesticide is used can be ensured that no diseases and insect pests are infected in the growth process of the camellia oleifera.

The following are examples 7 to 12 of the present invention. In examples 7 to 12, the animal manure was prepared by mixing chicken manure and sheep manure at a ratio of 1; the humus is prepared by fermenting bamboo leaves serving as a raw material with animal wastes; the natural calcium-containing substance is egg shell powder, and the diatomite is natural fresh water diatomite; the probiotics adopt bacillus subtilis and bacillus stearothermophilus, and the mass ratio is 1. The specific ratios are shown in Table 3 below.

Example 7

Example 8

Example 9

Example 10

Example 11

Example 12

Animal waste

40 portions of

30 portions of

31 portions of

33 portions of

34 portions of

35 portions of

Diatomite

15 portions of

12 portions of

13 portions of

14 portions of

15 portions of

14 portions of

Natural calcium-containing substance

10 portions of

6 portions of

5 portions of

Soybean meal powder

15 portions of

12 portions of

Plant ash

10 portions of

8 portions of

9 portions of

10 portions of

Corn stalk powder

10 portions of

6 portions of

7 portions of

8 portions of

Humus

10 portions of

6 portions of

5 portions of

Peanut meal

5 portions of

3 portions of

Probiotics

3 portions of

2 portions of

3 portions of

Table 3 formulations of examples 7 to 12

On the basis of the embodiment 10 of the invention, the basalt powder is adopted to replace the diatomite as the comparative example 5; based on example 10 of the present invention, rapeseed meal was used instead of peanut meal as comparative example 6.

Selecting field planting to carry out a planting experiment, planting one-season tea-oil trees, planting 20 tea-oil trees in each fertilizer, and not applying pesticides; the planting adopts the current universal planting space, the watering amount is based on the watering amount commonly adopted by the current tea-oil tree planting, the standard of the fertilizer is used, the fertilizer is applied for 2 times in each season, and the fertilizer is applied according to the standard of 500 g/plant each time. The fertilizer applications of examples 7 to 12 and comparative examples 5 and 6 were tested for planting effect, respectively. Specific results are shown in Table 4.

	Disease rate	Soil hardening	Saline alkali property of soil	Seed yield (kg)	Oil yield
						Example 7	0	Is composed of	Is free of	178	52.3％
Example 8	0	Is free of	Is free of	187	53.8％
						Example 9	0	Is composed of	Is free of	189	53.9％
Example 10	0	Is free of	Is free of	188	53.9％
						Example 11	0	Is free of	Is composed of	191	54.4％
Example 12	0	Is free of	Is free of	189	54.2％
						Comparative example 5	15％	Is provided with	Is provided with	151	53.7％
Comparative example 6	0	Is free of	Is composed of	172	49.8％

Table 4 data table for field planting of camellia oleifera in examples 7 to 12

According to the data in table 4, it can be seen that the addition of the diatomite has a synergistic effect on the control of plant diseases and insect pests in addition to the proportion of the pesticide. The diatomite is added to be matched with natural calcium-containing substances, so that the soil conditioning effect is improved, the outstanding effect on the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests is achieved, and the unexpected technical effect is achieved. After the diatomite is replaced by the basalt powder with the same excellent soil conditioning performance, the effect is obviously reduced.

According to the data in table 4, it can be seen that the oil yield of the invention is high, and besides the probiotics are added, the reasonable proportion of the soybean meal and the peanut meal in the proportion components plays a key role. After the same oil pressing by-product rapeseed meal is adopted to replace peanut meal, the oil yield is obviously reduced.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The camellia oleifera planting fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of animal manure, 10-15 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of natural calcium-containing substances, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of straw powder, 5-10 parts of humus, 3-5 parts of peanut meal and 1-3 parts of probiotics; fermenting the animal waste, the soybean meal, the straw powder, the humus and the peanut meal; the probiotics comprise bacillus subtilis and bacillus stearothermophilus; the animal manure comprises one or more of chicken manure, pig manure and sheep manure; the diatomite is natural fresh water diatomite; the natural calcium-containing substance is egg shell powder; the humus is formed by mixing and fermenting leaves and animal wastes.

2. The fertilizer for planting camellia oleifera according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the soybean meal to the peanut meal is 4.

3. The camellia oleifera planting fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the planting fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of animal manure, 12-15 parts of natural freshwater diatomite, 5-6 parts of eggshell powder, 12 parts of soybean meal, 8-10 parts of plant ash, 6-8 parts of straw powder, 5-6 parts of humus, 3 parts of peanut meal and 2-3 parts of probiotics.

4. The preparation method of the camellia oleifera planting fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, adding 4-8 parts of water into animal manure, soybean meal, straw powder, humus and peanut meal in a certain proportion, and uniformly mixing;

s2, carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the mixture prepared in the step S1 in a fermentation tank at the temperature of 40 to 65 ℃ for 5 to 14 days;

s3, turning the fermentation product prepared in the step S2, and then drying;

and S4, adding the diatomite, the natural calcium-containing substances, the plant ash and the probiotics in the formula amount into the air-dried fermentation product prepared in the step S3, and uniformly mixing to prepare the camellia oleifera planting fertilizer.

5. The preparation method of the fertilizer for planting camellia oleifera according to claim 4, wherein in the step S2, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 50 to 55 ℃, and the fermentation time is controlled to be 7 to 10 days.

6. The preparation method of the camellia oleifera planting fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein in the step S3, the drying is performed at 70-85 ℃ for more than 6h by hot air.