CN114478091A - Camellia oleifera organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Camellia oleifera organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114478091A
CN114478091A CN202210142236.3A CN202210142236A CN114478091A CN 114478091 A CN114478091 A CN 114478091A CN 202210142236 A CN202210142236 A CN 202210142236A CN 114478091 A CN114478091 A CN 114478091A
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China
Prior art keywords
organic fertilizer
tea
camellia oleifera
oil
parts
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CN202210142236.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘薇祎
陈贝贝
李园
张川
曾勇
吴代坤
胡钧恩
张瑛
向朝辉
李春霖
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Forestry Research Institute Of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture
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Forestry Research Institute Of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture
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Priority to CN202210142236.3A priority Critical patent/CN114478091A/en
Publication of CN114478091A publication Critical patent/CN114478091A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12Granules or flakes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and particularly provides a camellia oleifera organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of oil-tea camellia shells, 50-60 parts of oil-tea camellia cakes, 20-30 parts of crop wastes, 30-40 parts of animal wastes and 8-10 parts of biological fermentation bacteria. The residues such as oil tea stems, dry branches and fallen leaves, oil tea shells, oil tea cakes and the like generated in the whole process from tea fruit picking to tea oil processing are fully utilized, the raw materials are selected to be green and pollution-free, and the biological fermentation microbial inoculum is selected by reasonably adjusting the proportion of the raw materials, so that the time required by fermentation is reduced, the problem of the waste of tea oil enterprises is solved, the development of the tea oil processing industry is promoted, meanwhile, a biological organic fertilizer source rich in nutrients is provided for planting plants, the additional value of the tea oil is increased, and the specific form of the organic fertilizer can be formed by using corresponding matched machines as required.

Description

Camellia oleifera organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a camellia oleifera organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Tea-oil camellia is one of 4 major woody oil plants in the world, China is the world with the widest distribution of theaceae plants, and in recent years, tea-oil camellia is favored by more and more consumers and has very good production and sale prospects. The method has the advantages that residues such as camellia oleifera stems, dry branches and fallen leaves, camellia oleifera shells, camellia oleifera cake dregs and the like can be generated in the whole process of planting camellia oleifera, picking tea fruits and processing camellia oleifera oil, the time for preparing the camellia oleifera shell organic fertilizer through common fermentation is long, the fertilizer function is single, only the camellia oleifera shells are utilized, and other things are not fully utilized.
The oil tea cake dregs can be generally used as raw materials for extracting tea saponin, but because the existing tea saponin extraction technology is not mature, and the tea saponin is extracted by adopting solvents such as methanol and the like, the energy consumption is very high, the yield is extremely low, so the oil tea cake dregs are basically directly used as wastes or used as fuel for treatment, and even if the oil tea cake dregs are directly used as fertilizers, the fertility is weak due to insufficient nutrient substances, and the great resource waste is caused.
Aiming at the problems, a method for preparing the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer by fully utilizing residues generated by processing the camellia oleifera oil is sought, so that the problem of the waste of camellia oleifera oil enterprises can be solved, the development of the camellia oleifera oil processing industry is promoted, meanwhile, a biological organic fertilizer source rich in nutrients can be provided for planting plants, and the added value of the camellia oleifera oil is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that residual substances generated in the whole process from the planting of the camellia oleifera to the picking of tea fruits to the processing of the camellia oleifera in the prior art cannot be fully utilized.
Therefore, the invention provides an oil tea organic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of oil-tea camellia shells, 50-60 parts of oil-tea camellia cakes, 20-30 parts of crop wastes, 30-40 parts of animal wastes and 8-10 parts of biological fermentation bacteria.
Specifically, the crop waste comprises at least one of camellia oleifera stems, camellia oleifera branches and leaves and crop straws.
Specifically, the animal waste includes at least one of pig manure, sheep manure and chicken manure.
Specifically, the biological fermentation inoculant comprises at least one of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus mucilaginosus; effective viable count is not less than 7.3 × 108cfu/g。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the tea oil organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
(2) processing crop wastes into powder;
(3) putting all the raw materials into a fermentation tank, and fermenting after water is supplemented;
(4) and opening the membrane and dispersing particles after the fermentation is finished, and drying the fermentation product in the air to obtain the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer.
Specifically, the step (2) further includes: adding cellulase solution into oil tea hull to make its water content be 35-45%.
Specifically, the water content of the raw material is kept at 60-70% after water is supplemented in the step (3).
Specifically, the fermentation temperature in the step (3) is 60-65 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15-20 days.
Specifically, the step (3) also comprises turning the piles for 4-5 times during the fermentation period, so that all the materials are more uniform and are fully contacted with fresh air.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the organic fertilizer for the camellia oleifera provided by the invention fully utilizes residues such as camellia oleifera stalks, dry branches and fallen leaves, camellia oleifera shells, camellia oleifera cakes and the like generated in the whole process from planting of camellia oleifera to picking of tea fruits to processing of tea oil, the raw materials are green and pollution-free, the raw material proportion is reasonably adjusted, and the biological fermentation microbial inoculum is selected, so that the time required by fermentation is reduced, the waste of tea oil enterprises is avoided, the development of the tea oil processing industry is promoted, meanwhile, a biological organic fertilizer source rich in nutrients is provided for planted plants, the additional value of the tea oil is increased, and the specific form of the organic fertilizer can be processed and formed by using a corresponding matched machine as required.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Although representative embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the embodiments, but should be defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
The invention provides a camellia oleifera organic fertilizer which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of oil-tea camellia shells, 50-60 parts of oil-tea camellia cakes, 20-30 parts of crop wastes, 30-40 parts of animal wastes and 8-10 parts of biological fermentation bacteria.
Wherein the crop waste comprises at least one of camellia oleifera stems, camellia oleifera branches and leaves and crop straws; the animal manure comprises at least one of pig manure, sheep manure and chicken manure; the biological fermentation inoculum comprises at least one of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus mucilaginosus; effective viable count is not less than 7 × 108cfu/g。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
(2) adding cellulase solution into oil tea hull to make its water content be 35-45%; processing crop wastes into powder; the enzyme activity of the cellulase solution is preferably 15-20U/ml.
(3) Putting all the raw materials into a fermentation tank, supplementing water to keep the water content of the raw materials at 60-70%, fermenting for 15-20 days at 60-65 ℃, and turning over for 4-5 times during fermentation to make the raw materials more uniform and fully contact with fresh air;
(4) and (3) opening membranes and dispersing particles after fermentation is finished, drying the fermentation product in the air to obtain the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer, and preparing the organic fertilizer into organic fertilizer finished products in different forms, different specifications, such as powder, particles and the like by using a fertilizer matching processing machine according to different application requirements.
The effect of the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer of the present invention is studied by the following specific examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a tea-oil tree organic fertilizer, includes according to the part by weight: 30 parts of oil-tea camellia shells, 50 parts of oil-tea camellia cakes, 20 parts of crop wastes, 30 parts of animal wastes and 8 parts of biological fermentation bacteria. Wherein the crop waste is a mixture of oil tea stems, dry branches and fallen leaves and crop straws; the animal manure is a mixture of pig manure, sheep manure and chicken manure; the biological fermentation microbial inoculum is a mixture of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus mucilaginosus; the effective viable count is 7.3 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
The camellia oleifera organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
(2) adding a cellulase solution into the camellia oleifera shells to ensure that the water content of the camellia oleifera shells is 40% and the enzyme activity of the cellulase solution is 15U/ml; processing crop wastes into powder;
(3) putting all the raw materials into a fermentation tank, supplementing water to keep the water content of the raw materials at 65%, then fermenting for 16 days at 65 ℃, and turning over and piling for 5 times during the fermentation period to make all the materials more uniform and fully contact with fresh air;
(4) and (3) opening the membrane and dispersing particles after the fermentation is finished, drying the fermentation product in the air to obtain the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer, and preparing the organic fertilizer into powder by using a fertilizer matched processing machine.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a tea-oil camellia organic fertilizer, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of oil-tea camellia shells, 50 parts of oil-tea camellia cakes, 30 parts of crop wastes, 40 parts of animal wastes and 10 parts of biological fermentation bacteria. Wherein the crop waste is a mixture of camellia oleifera stems, dry branches and fallen leaves and crop straws; the animal manure is a mixture of pig manure, sheep manure and chicken manure; the biological fermentation microbial inoculum is a mixture of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus mucilaginosus; the effective viable count is 8.1 × 108cfu/g。
The camellia oleifera organic fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
(2) adding a cellulase solution into the camellia oleifera shells to ensure that the water content of the camellia oleifera shells is 40% and the enzyme activity of the cellulase solution is 20U/ml; processing crop wastes into powder;
(3) putting all the raw materials into a fermentation tank, supplementing water to keep the water content of the raw materials at 70%, then fermenting for 20 days at 65 ℃, and turning over and piling for 5 times during the fermentation period to make all the materials more uniform and fully contact with fresh air;
(4) opening the membrane and dispersing particles after fermentation is finished, drying the fermentation product in the air to obtain the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer, and preparing the organic fertilizer into particles by using a processing machine matched with the fertilizer.
Example 3:
in this example, indexes of the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer prepared in example 1 and example 2 were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 detection results of oil-tea camellia organic fertilizer indexes
Index (I) Example 1 Example 2
Appearance of the product Uniform brown powder Uniform brown granule
Smell(s) No foul smell No foul smell
Tea saponin (in terms of tea saponin) 8.63% 11.27%
Organic matter content (on a dry basis) 86.23% 94.17%
Total nitrogen content 3.42% 4.22%
Total phosphorus content 3.75% 5.37%
Total potassium content 4.61% 6.49%
pH value 7.8 8.1
The results in table 1 show that the indexes of the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer prepared in example 1 and example 2 all meet the standard regulation of NY 525 and 2012 "organic fertilizer".
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims and any design similar or equivalent to the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The camellia oleifera organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of oil-tea camellia shells, 50-60 parts of oil-tea camellia cakes, 20-30 parts of crop wastes, 30-40 parts of animal wastes and 8-10 parts of biological fermentation bacteria.
2. The camellia oleifera organic fertilizer of claim 1, wherein: the crop waste comprises at least one of camellia oleifera stems, camellia oleifera branches and leaves and crop straws.
3. The camellia oleifera organic fertilizer of claim 1, wherein: the animal manure comprises at least one of pig manure, sheep manure and chicken manure.
4. The camellia oleifera organic fertilizer of claim 1, wherein: the biological fermentation inoculum comprises at least one of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus mucilaginosus; effective viable count is not less than 7.3 × 108cfu/g。
5. The preparation method of the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
(2) processing crop wastes into powder;
(3) putting all the raw materials into a fermentation tank, and fermenting after water is supplemented;
(4) and opening the membrane and dispersing particles after the fermentation is finished, and drying the fermentation product in the air to obtain the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer.
6. The preparation method of the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein the step (2) further comprises: adding cellulase solution into oil tea hull to make its water content be 35-45%.
7. The preparation method of the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: and (4) in the step (3), the water content of the raw material is kept at 60-70% after water is supplemented.
8. The preparation method of the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: the fermentation temperature in the step (3) is 60-65 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15-20 days.
9. The preparation method of the camellia oleifera organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: and the step (3) also comprises turning the piles for 4-5 times during the fermentation period, so that all the materials are more uniform and are fully contacted with fresh air.
CN202210142236.3A 2022-02-16 2022-02-16 Camellia oleifera organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Pending CN114478091A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114956911A (en) * 2022-07-05 2022-08-30 湖北省阁壁湖绿色产品有限公司 Camellia oleifera planting fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN115226769A (en) * 2022-07-27 2022-10-25 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所(广西亚热带农产品加工研究所) Preparation method of preservative, product and application thereof
CN116041120A (en) * 2023-02-03 2023-05-02 贵州省林业科学研究院 Preparation method of oil tea fruit shell organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and application

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106831065A (en) * 2017-04-10 2017-06-13 湖南应用技术学院 A kind of oil tea fertilizer special for organic and preparation method thereof
CN109293413A (en) * 2018-11-13 2019-02-01 贵州省中国科学院天然产物化学重点实验室 A kind of cake of camellia oleifera seeds residue organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof extracting Tea Saponin
CN113004098A (en) * 2021-05-12 2021-06-22 泉州市惠安鼎模农业综合开发有限公司 Tea tree bio-organic fertilizer prepared from camellia oleifera shells and preparation process and equipment thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106831065A (en) * 2017-04-10 2017-06-13 湖南应用技术学院 A kind of oil tea fertilizer special for organic and preparation method thereof
CN109293413A (en) * 2018-11-13 2019-02-01 贵州省中国科学院天然产物化学重点实验室 A kind of cake of camellia oleifera seeds residue organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof extracting Tea Saponin
CN113004098A (en) * 2021-05-12 2021-06-22 泉州市惠安鼎模农业综合开发有限公司 Tea tree bio-organic fertilizer prepared from camellia oleifera shells and preparation process and equipment thereof

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114956911A (en) * 2022-07-05 2022-08-30 湖北省阁壁湖绿色产品有限公司 Camellia oleifera planting fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN115226769A (en) * 2022-07-27 2022-10-25 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所(广西亚热带农产品加工研究所) Preparation method of preservative, product and application thereof
CN116041120A (en) * 2023-02-03 2023-05-02 贵州省林业科学研究院 Preparation method of oil tea fruit shell organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and application
CN116041120B (en) * 2023-02-03 2024-01-19 贵州省林业科学研究院 Preparation method of oil tea fruit shell organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and application

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