CN111592422A - Multi-bacterium organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-bacterium organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a multi-bacterium organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The multi-bacterium organic fertilizer is prepared from livestock and poultry excrement, rapeseed cakes, rice bran, crop straws, fishbone meal, isatis root residues, stevia rebaudiana residues, plant ash, cellulase, compound vitamins and compound probiotics according to a specific proportion. The multi-bacterium organic fertilizer is rich in beneficial microbial floras, and the composition of soil components can be obviously improved by reasonably selecting the types and the proportions of microbes, so that the absorption and the utilization of nutrient components of fruit trees are improved, the disease and insect resistance of the fruit trees are improved, the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the yield and the mouthfeel of fruits are improved. The organic fertilizer of radix isatidis and stevia rebaudiana dregs is added and obtained by adopting a natural fermentation mode, so that the problem of waste residue pollution generated in the pharmaceutical process can be solved, the potential safety hazard problem of pesticide, chemical fertilizer and heavy metal residue application can be solved, and the organic fertilizer is energy-saving, environment-friendly, pollution-free, free of addition and low in price.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a multi-bacterium organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The biological organic fertilizer is a fertilizer with the effects of both microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer, which is compounded by using microorganisms with specific functions and organic materials mainly prepared from animal and plant residues (such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like) through harmless treatment and decomposition. The fertilizer has high organic matter content, not only N, P, K content, but also contains Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn and other elements essential for plant growth, and has the features of comprehensive nutrients, lasting fertilizer effect, capacity of maintaining fertilizer and loosening soil, activating soil, strengthening seedling and raising yield, protecting ecology, etc. The biological organic fertilizer is neither traditional organic fertilizer nor simple bacterial fertilizer, and is an organic combination of the traditional organic fertilizer and the simple bacterial fertilizer. The organic matter carrier is mostly organic waste such as crop straws, grass peat, livestock manure, household garbage and the like, and the contained microorganisms show a certain fertilizer effect, such as the effects of improving soil fertility, manufacturing and assisting crops to absorb nutrition, activating insoluble compounds in soil for crops to absorb and utilize, and the like, or the organic matter carrier can generate a plurality of active substances and disease-resistant and disease-inhibiting substances, has good stimulation and regulation effects on the growth of the crops, can reduce or reduce the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests, and improves the quality of agricultural products. In the production process of the bio-organic fertilizer, two links relate to the use of microorganisms: firstly, selecting microorganisms suitable for degrading, decomposing and deodorizing raw materials, such as cellulolytic bacteria, hemicellulose lytic bacteria, lignin lytic bacteria, high-temperature resistant fermentation flora and the like, including filamentous fungi, saccharomycetes, bacillus, acetic acid bacteria, actinomycetes and the like; secondly, functional bacteria are added after the material is thoroughly decomposed, and the functional bacteria generally mainly comprise azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, silicate bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, pseudomonas, bacillus, actinomycetes and the like, and play a specific fertilizer effect in the product.
The nutrition required by the sprouting, leaf spreading, flowering, fruit setting and young shoot growth of the fruit trees mainly utilizes the nutrition stored in the trees, and the fertilization is a means for adjusting the storage nutrition condition of the trees. By reasonably applying the bio-organic fertilizer, the soil organic matter content is increased, the soil volume weight is reduced, the soil porosity and water holding capacity are increased, the soil permeability is improved, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is improved. The biological organic fertilizer can increase beneficial microorganisms in soil, change the diversity of soil microorganisms, improve the utilization rate of the soil microorganisms to a carbon source, promote the effective conversion of nutrients in the soil, increase trace elements in the soil, enhance the soil fertility, reduce the loss of nutrient components, inhibit the generation of harmful microorganisms and reduce the occurrence probability of plant diseases and insect pests. Organic acid generated by decomposing organic matters by microorganisms can adjust the pH value of soil to a certain extent, relieve soil salinization and enhance the buffer capacity of the soil, so that the growth condition of plants is improved, the growth and extension of the root system of a fruit tree are promoted, the absorption capacity and the range of the root system are enhanced, the effectiveness of the root system of the fruit tree for absorbing nutrient components is improved, the fruit tree grows vigorously, branches are vigorous, leaves are dark green, the content of chlorophyll is increased, the photosynthesis is enhanced, photosynthesis products are effectively accumulated, the content of soluble solid matters and vitamins of fruits is obviously increased, the quality of the fruits is improved, and the yield is improved. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a multi-bacterium organic fertilizer which can obviously improve the growth condition of fruit trees and increase the fruit yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a multi-bacterium organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a multi-bacterium organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 60-100 parts of rapeseed cake, 50-80 parts of rice bran, 50-80 parts of crop straw, 30-60 parts of fishbone powder, 20-30 parts of radix isatidis residue, 20-30 parts of stevia rebaudiana residue, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of cellulase, 3-8 parts of compound vitamin and 1-5 parts of compound probiotics.
Preferably, the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-110 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 70-90 parts of rapeseed cake, 60-70 parts of rice bran, 60-70 parts of crop straw, 40-50 parts of fishbone powder, 22-28 parts of isatis root residue, 22-28 parts of stevia rebaudiana residue, 12-18 parts of plant ash, 6-8 parts of cellulase, 4-6 parts of compound vitamin and 2-4 parts of compound probiotics.
Preferably, the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 80 parts of rapeseed cakes, 65 parts of rice bran, 65 parts of crop straws, 45 parts of fishbone powder, 25 parts of isatis root residues, 25 parts of stevia rebaudiana residues, 15 parts of plant ash, 7 parts of cellulase, 5 parts of compound vitamin and 3 parts of compound probiotics.
Preferably, the livestock manure is at least one of pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure or sheep manure.
Preferably, the crop straw is selected from wheat straw, corn straw or soybean straw.
Preferably, the fishbone powder is micro powder obtained by drying and crushing catfish bone into particles with the particle size of less than 200 meshes.
Preferably, the radix Isatidis residue and stevia rebaudiana residue are residues of medicinal materials after ethanol or water extraction, and the water content is 50-60%.
Preferably, the composite probiotics are prepared by combining bacillus megaterium, lactobacillus plantarum, paecilomyces lilacinus and azotobacter chroococcum according to the proportion of 1-3:2-4:2-4: 4-6.
Further, the invention also provides a preparation method of the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing rapeseed cakes, rice bran, crop straws, isatis root residues and stevia rebaudiana residues, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a sieve of 80-120 meshes to obtain a mixture for later use;
(2) adding livestock and poultry manure into a fermentation tank, then pouring the mixture, the composite probiotics and the cellulase, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting, and fermenting at natural temperature for 8-12 days;
(3) after fermentation is finished, peeling the fermentation pile layer by layer, and drying the peeled fermentation product until the water content is lower than 8-12% to obtain a base fertilizer;
(4) adding fishbone powder, plant ash and compound vitamin into the base fertilizer, stirring uniformly, and subpackaging to obtain the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer.
Preferably, during the fermentation of step (2), the pile is turned over every 3-5 days.
The rapeseed cake is a byproduct after oil extraction of rapeseed, contains high protein and balanced amino acid composition, and contains high contents of sulfur-containing amino acid, crude fiber, calcium, manganese, zinc and copper, so that the rapeseed cake can provide nitrogen, phosphorus and trace elements necessary for crop growth. Rapeseed cakes are generally used in more fruit trees and flowers. The rapeseed cakes need to be used after fermentation, and the rapeseed cake fermentation can release heat, prevent roots from being burned and seedlings from being damaged, improve the fertilizer efficiency and increase the durability of the fertilizer. The fermented rapeseed cakes are attached with microbial probiotics, and the fermented rapeseed cakes enter soil along with fertilizers, so that the fermented rapeseed cakes have good effects on the growth of root systems and the improvement of the soil.
The rice bran is a main byproduct of processing rice into polished rice, and is rich in various nutrients and physiologically active substances. The rice is the 1 st large grain variety in China, and the annual yield is about 1.85 hundred million tons at present, which accounts for 42 percent of the total grain yield in China. During the process of processing the rice into polished rice, the shells and the seed coats and the embryos which account for about 10 percent of the total weight need to be removed, so that the rice bran resource is sufficient.
The fishbone powder is leftover powder prepared by processing leftover parts such as fishbone, fishskin, viscera and the like of aquatic fishes after processing, drying, crushing and the like, and mainly takes the fishbone as a main material. The fish bone is mainly composed of the shaft bone, the appendage bone and the fish bone of the fish body, accounts for 30-40% of the total weight of the fresh fish, contains a large amount of protein, water, fat and abundant metal ions such as Ca, Fe, Zn and the like, and is a processing by-product with rich nutritive value. The basic structure of the fishbone powder is aromatic ring and alicyclic ring, the ring is connected with functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, quinonyl, methoxyl and the like, and the functional groups have the functions of exchange, adsorption, complexation, chelation and the like with metal ions, can be separated from and separated from the metal ions in water, are beneficial to transmitting nutrient elements to crops, can improve the soil structure and are beneficial to the growth of the crops.
The isatis root and stevia rebaudiana dregs contain a large amount of cellulose, crude protein, starch, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient components, and the nutrient components are crushed and then composted to form organic fertilizer. After the medicinal materials are extracted by ethanol or water, the medicine dregs are disinfected at high temperature without the residue of microorganisms. After natural fermentation, organic matters and various nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the plants can be retained to the maximum extent, and the organic matters are directly returned to the field, so that the organic fertilizer has obvious influence on improving the soil fertility and supplying the crop nutrition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer adopts livestock and poultry manure, rapeseed cakes, rice bran and crop straws as fertilizer base materials, and has wide raw material sources and low cost. The multi-bacterium organic fertilizer is rich in beneficial microbial floras, and the composition of soil components can be obviously improved by reasonably selecting the types and the proportions of microbes, so that the absorption and the utilization of nutrient components of fruit trees are improved, the disease and insect resistance of the fruit trees are improved, the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the yield and the mouthfeel of fruits are improved. The organic fertilizer of radix isatidis and stevia rebaudiana dregs is added and obtained by adopting a natural fermentation mode, so that the problem of waste residue pollution generated in the pharmaceutical process can be solved, the potential safety hazard problem of pesticide, chemical fertilizer and heavy metal residue application can be solved, and the organic fertilizer is energy-saving, environment-friendly, pollution-free, free of addition and low in price.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
A multi-bacterium organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of pig manure, 100 parts of rapeseed cakes, 80 parts of rice bran, 50 parts of wheat straws, 30 parts of fishbone meal, 30 parts of isatis root residues, 30 parts of stevia rebaudiana residues, 10 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of cellulase, 8 parts of compound vitamin and 1 part of compound probiotics.
The composite probiotics are prepared by combining bacillus megatherium, lactobacillus plantarum, paecilomyces lilacinus and azotobacter chroococcum according to the proportion of 1:2:2:4
The preparation method of the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing rapeseed cakes, rice bran, wheat straws, isatis root residues and stevia rebaudiana residues, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture for later use;
(2) adding pig manure into a fermentation tank, then pouring the mixture, the composite probiotics and the cellulase, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting, fermenting for 12 days at natural temperature, and turning the stack once every 3 days;
(3) after fermentation is finished, peeling the fermentation pile layer by layer, and drying the peeled fermentation product until the water content is lower than 8% to obtain a base fertilizer;
(4) adding fishbone powder, plant ash and compound vitamin into the base fertilizer, stirring uniformly, and subpackaging to obtain the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer.
Example 2
A multi-bacterium organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120 parts of chicken manure, 60 parts of rapeseed cake, 50 parts of rice bran, 80 parts of corn straw, 60 parts of fishbone powder, 20 parts of radix isatidis residue, 20 parts of stevia rebaudiana residue, 20 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of cellulase, 3 parts of compound vitamin and 5 parts of compound probiotics.
The composite probiotics are prepared by combining bacillus megatherium, lactobacillus plantarum, paecilomyces lilacinus and azotobacter chroococcum according to the proportion of 3:4:4: 6.
The preparation method of the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing rapeseed cakes, rice bran, corn straws, isatis root residues and stevia rebaudiana residues, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture for later use;
(2) adding chicken manure into a fermentation tank, then pouring the mixture, the composite probiotics and the cellulase, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting, fermenting for 8 days at natural temperature, and turning the stacks once every 4 days;
(3) after fermentation is finished, peeling the fermentation pile layer by layer, and drying the peeled fermentation product until the water content is lower than 12% to obtain a base fertilizer;
(4) adding fishbone powder, plant ash and compound vitamin into the base fertilizer, stirring uniformly, and subpackaging to obtain the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer.
Example 3
A multi-bacterium organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of cow dung and/or sheep dung, 80 parts of rapeseed cakes, 65 parts of rice bran, 65 parts of soybean straws, 65 parts of fishbone meal, 25 parts of isatis root residues, 25 parts of stevia rebaudiana residues, 15 parts of plant ash, 7 parts of cellulase, 5 parts of compound vitamin and 3 parts of compound probiotics.
The composite probiotics are prepared by combining bacillus megatherium, lactobacillus plantarum, paecilomyces lilacinus and azotobacter chroococcum according to the proportion of 2:3:3: 5.
The preparation method of the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing rapeseed cakes, rice bran, soybean straws, isatis root residues and stevia rebaudiana residues, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture for later use;
(2) adding cow dung and/or sheep dung into a fermentation tank, then pouring the mixture, the composite probiotics and the cellulase, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting, fermenting at natural temperature for 10 days, and turning over once every 5 days;
(3) after fermentation is finished, peeling the fermentation pile layer by layer, and drying the peeled fermentation product until the water content is lower than 10% to obtain a base fertilizer;
(4) adding fishbone powder, plant ash and compound vitamin into the base fertilizer, stirring uniformly, and subpackaging to obtain the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer.
Influence of different fertilizers on yield and quality of fruits of the Fucheng bergamot
The test material is 18-year-old Baili Feicheng Buddha peach, the planting density is 4m multiplied by 4m, and the growth vigor is good. The test was set to 3 groups. Wherein group 1 is applied with the multi-bacterial organic fertilizer of example 3; group 2, the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer of example 3 without adding radix isatidis residue and stevia residue is applied; and the 3 rd group is applied with a mixed organic fertilizer of cow dung and sheep dung. The peach orchard is divided into 3 areas, and each area is provided with 10 plants with similar growth vigor. Fertilizer was applied to each test group 10 months in 2016 using radial fertilization followed by routine management. The treatment was continued for 3 years. And in 2019, in 9 months, picking mature Moghania philippinensis Buddha peaches, randomly selecting fruits with consistent maturity, intact appearance and no damage of diseases and insect pests, and picking 5 fruits per tree. The fruit quality and quality were measured and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different fertilizers on the fruit yield and quality of Feicheng bergamot
As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 1, compared with the control groups of groups 2-3, the application of the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer of the embodiment 3 of the invention can obviously improve the average weight of single fruits of the Futao Feicheng, and realize the purpose of increasing both production and income; has obvious effect on improving the content of soluble solid, soluble sugar, Vc and the like, and obviously improves the quality of peach fruits. In addition, experimental results also prove that the radix isatidis residue and stevia rebaudiana residue are added into the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer, so that the absorption and utilization of nutritional ingredients by fruit trees can be further promoted, the yield and the quality of fruits are improved, and the method has important significance for solving the problems of waste residue pollution, fertilizer safety and the like.
Influence of different fertilizers on browning of fruits of Fucheng stonewort in Baili province
Browning of the fruits of hispida is a serious disease occurring in the fruits of hispida, which is mainly due to depressions and brown spots appearing at the seams of the fruits near the maturation stage. The seriously affected fleshy peach pulp is completely changed into reddish brown or grayish brown, and the fragrant and sweet taste is completely lost. The same fertilization grouping and conventional management are adopted as in the experiment, after the fruits are ripe and harvested, 200 fruits are randomly selected from each group to investigate the occurrence situation of fruit browning, and the incidence rate of the fruit browning is counted. The results of the experiment are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of different fertilizers on browning of fruits of the great wall bergamot
As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 2, the application of the multi-bacterial organic fertilizer of the invention in example 3 has a significantly lower fruit browning incidence (3.0%) than the control groups (8.0%, 12.5%) of groups 2-3. The method shows that the disease resistance of fruit trees can be improved, the disease incidence rate can be reduced and the fruit quality can be obviously improved by adding the compound probiotics with specific types and proportions, the isatis root and stevia rebaudiana dregs into the organic fertilizer.
The foregoing describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, but is not intended to limit the invention thereto. Modifications and variations of the embodiments disclosed herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The multi-bacterium organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 60-100 parts of rapeseed cake, 50-80 parts of rice bran, 50-80 parts of crop straw, 30-60 parts of fishbone powder, 20-30 parts of radix isatidis residue, 20-30 parts of stevia rebaudiana residue, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of cellulase, 3-8 parts of compound vitamin and 1-5 parts of compound probiotics.
2. The multi-bacterium organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the weight portions of the raw materials are as follows: 90-110 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 70-90 parts of rapeseed cake, 60-70 parts of rice bran, 60-70 parts of crop straw, 40-50 parts of fishbone powder, 22-28 parts of isatis root residue, 22-28 parts of stevia rebaudiana residue, 12-18 parts of plant ash, 6-8 parts of cellulase, 4-6 parts of compound vitamin and 2-4 parts of compound probiotics.
3. The multi-bacterium organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the weight portions of the raw materials are as follows: 100 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 80 parts of rapeseed cakes, 65 parts of rice bran, 65 parts of crop straws, 45 parts of fishbone powder, 25 parts of isatis root residues, 25 parts of stevia rebaudiana residues, 15 parts of plant ash, 7 parts of cellulase, 5 parts of compound vitamin and 3 parts of compound probiotics.
4. The multi-bacterium organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the livestock manure is at least one of pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure, or sheep manure.
5. The multi-bacterium organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the crop straw is selected from wheat straw, corn straw or soybean straw.
6. The multi-bacterium organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fishbone powder is fine powder obtained by air-drying catfish bone and then pulverizing the dried catfish bone into particles with a particle size of 200 meshes or less.
7. The multi-bacterium organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the radix isatidis residue and stevia rebaudiana residue are residues of medicinal materials after ethanol or water extraction, and the water content is 50-60%.
8. The multi-bacterium organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composite probiotics are prepared by combining bacillus megaterium, lactobacillus plantarum, paecilomyces lilacinus and azotobacter chroococcum according to the proportion of 1-3:2-4:2-4: 4-6.
9. The preparation method of the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing rapeseed cakes, rice bran, crop straws, isatis root residues and stevia rebaudiana residues, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a sieve of 80-120 meshes to obtain a mixture for later use;
(2) adding livestock and poultry manure into a fermentation tank, then pouring the mixture, the composite probiotics and the cellulase, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting, and fermenting at natural temperature for 8-12 days;
(3) after fermentation is finished, peeling the fermentation pile layer by layer, and drying the peeled fermentation product until the water content is lower than 8-12% to obtain a base fertilizer;
(4) adding fishbone powder, plant ash and compound vitamin into the base fertilizer, stirring uniformly, and subpackaging to obtain the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer.
10. The method for preparing the multi-bacterium organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 9, wherein during the fermentation in step (2), the pile is turned over every 3-5 days.
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