CN113072412A - Disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113072412A CN113072412A CN202110569149.1A CN202110569149A CN113072412A CN 113072412 A CN113072412 A CN 113072412A CN 202110569149 A CN202110569149 A CN 202110569149A CN 113072412 A CN113072412 A CN 113072412A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees and a preparation method thereof, wherein the disease-preventing fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of livestock manure, 22-28 parts of fermented bean dregs, 15-20 parts of fruit residues, 10-20 parts of vinasse, 5-15 parts of tea seed meal, 15-20 parts of fruit branch powder, 13-18 parts of leaves, 6-10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 1-4 parts of hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, 20-30 parts of silkworm excrement, 10-15 parts of seafood leftovers, 5-13 parts of vermiculite, 3-7 parts of nano bentonite, 10-15 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of vinasse, 11-16 parts of volcanic ash, 6-10 parts of biogas residues, 5-10 parts of tripotassium phosphate, 6-10 parts of ammonium humate, 3-7 parts of wormwood ash, 3-7 parts of a decomposing agent, 1-3 parts of beauveria bassiana, 3-5 parts of a biological bacterium preparation and 2-5 parts of a decomposing agent. The fertilizer of the invention is a biological, organic, quick-acting and slow-acting fertilizer integrated fertilizer for preventing and controlling diseases and pests of fruit trees.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fruit is rich in vitamins, minerals, cellulose and fructose. The food intake is large in daily life of people, the food is combined with grains and vegetables in human dietary structure, and the yield and the planting area of the food have obvious rising tendency. Plays an important role in the national economy and the civilian economy. The economic benefit of the fruit trees depends on the yield and the production cost of the fruit trees, the high quality of the fruit trees is the target of continuous pursuit of people, the limited land resources are effectively utilized, and the direction of effort of people is to improve the yield and the fruit quality of fruit tree crops. The growth of fruit trees is the same as that of other crops, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are needed to be applied, and various mineral substances and trace elements such as calcium, iron, sulfur, zinc and the like are needed to be enriched. In recent years, because of using a large amount of fertilizers and pesticides in fruit tree production, China has high production cost and reduced quality, and causes the problems of food safety, environmental pollution, unbalanced soil nutrients, degeneration, hardening and the like. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of developing modern agriculture, overcome the bottleneck of resource and environment constraint, reduce the fertilizer input, improve the fertilizer utilization rate and protect the environment on the premise of ensuring the fruit yield, the method is an urgent task facing agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of livestock manure, 22-28 parts of fermented bean dregs, 15-20 parts of fruit residues, 10-20 parts of vinasse, 5-15 parts of tea seed meal, 15-20 parts of fruit branch powder, 13-18 parts of leaves, 6-10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 1-4 parts of hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, 20-30 parts of silkworm excrement, 10-15 parts of seafood leftovers, 5-13 parts of vermiculite, 3-7 parts of nano bentonite, 10-15 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of vinasse, 11-16 parts of volcanic ash, 6-10 parts of biogas residues, 5-10 parts of tripotassium phosphate, 6-10 parts of ammonium humate, 3-7 parts of wormwood ash, 3-7 parts of a decomposing agent, 1-3 parts of beauveria bassiana, 3-5 parts of a biological bacterium preparation and 2-5 parts of a decomposing agent.
The pomace is a raw material left after juice is squeezed by a beverage factory, the pomace is a mixture of apple pomace, pear pomace, peach, pomegranate pomace, apple pomace and melon pomace, and the mass ratio of the apple pomace to the pear pomace to the peach to the pomegranate pomace to the apple pomace to the melon pomace is 5-10: 5-10: 2-4: 1-5: 1;
the bone meal is prepared by cleaning the bones of poultry and livestock purchased in a slaughterhouse, placing the cleaned bones in a high-pressure tank, introducing steam at the temperature of 110-.
The traditional Chinese medicine residues are a mixture of coptis chinensis residues, phellodendron residues, scutellaria baicalensis residues, forsythia suspensa residues and honeysuckle residues obtained after production in a pharmaceutical factory, and the mass ratio of the coptis chinensis residues, the phellodendron residues, the scutellaria baicalensis residues, the forsythia suspensa residues and the honeysuckle residues is 5-10: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1.
the preparation method of the fruit branch powder comprises the following steps: soaking fruit tree branches in 3-5 wt% sodium hydroxide solution for one day and one night, and crushing the fruit tree branches into fruit tree branch powder of 5-60 mesh size while controlling the water content in the fruit tree branch powder to 30-40 wt%; inoculating 92.9-93.9 wt% of fruit tree branch powder to 5-10 wt% of streptomyces, adding 0.1 wt% of urea, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 20-70 ℃, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 7-10 days, naturally airing or drying the fruit tree branch powder after the fruit tree branch powder is thoroughly decomposed, and controlling the water content to be 10-15 wt% to obtain the fruit branch powder.
The spore content of the beauveria bassiana is 100 hundred million/gram. The biological bacteria preparation is 0.3% azadirachtin biological insecticide.
A disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of livestock manure, 22 parts of fermented bean dregs, 15 parts of fruit residues, 10 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of tea seed meal, 15 parts of fruit branch powder, 13 parts of leaves, 6 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 1 part of hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, 20 parts of silkworm excrement, 10 parts of seafood leftovers, 5 parts of vermiculite, 3 parts of nano bentonite, 10 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of vinasse, 11 parts of volcanic ash, 6 parts of biogas residues, 5 parts of tripotassium phosphate, 6 parts of ammonium humate, 3 parts of wormwood ash, 3 parts of a decomposition agent, 1 part of beauveria bassiana, 3 parts of a biological bacterium preparation and 2 parts of a decomposition agent.
A disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of livestock manure, 28 parts of fermented bean dregs, 20 parts of fruit residues, 20 parts of vinasse, 15 parts of tea seed cakes, 20 parts of fruit branch powder, 18 parts of leaves, 10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 4 parts of hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, 30 parts of silkworm excrement, 15 parts of seafood leftovers, 13 parts of vermiculite, 7 parts of nano bentonite, 15 parts of bone meal, 10 parts of vinasse, 16 parts of volcanic ash, 10 parts of biogas residues, 10 parts of tripotassium phosphate, 10 parts of ammonium humate, 7 parts of wormwood ash, 7 parts of a decomposition agent, 3 parts of beauveria bassiana, 5 parts of a biological bacterium preparation and 5 parts of a decomposition agent.
A disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of livestock manure, 25 parts of fermented bean dregs, 18 parts of fruit residues, 15 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of tea meal, 18 parts of fruit branch powder, 16 parts of leaves, 8 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 2.5 parts of hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, 25 parts of silkworm excrement, 13 parts of seafood leftovers, 9 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of nano bentonite, 13 parts of bone meal, 8 parts of vinasse, 14 parts of volcanic ash, 8 parts of biogas residues, 8 parts of tripotassium phosphate, 8 parts of humic acid ammonium, 5 parts of wormwood ash, 5 parts of a decomposition agent, 2 parts of beauveria bassiana, 4 parts of a biological bacterial preparation and 3.5 parts of a decomposition agent.
A disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 68 parts of livestock manure, 24 parts of fermented bean dregs, 15-19 parts of fruit residues, 10-206 parts of vinasse, 8 parts of tea seed meal, 13 parts of fruit branch powder, 14 parts of leaves, 7 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 3 parts of hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, 27 parts of silkworm excrement, 14 parts of seafood leftovers, 8 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of nano bentonite, 12 parts of bone meal, 7 parts of vinasse, 13 parts of volcanic ash, 7 parts of biogas residues, 7 parts of tripotassium phosphate, 9 parts of humic acid ammonium, 6 parts of wormwood ash, 4 parts of a decomposition agent, 1.7 parts of beauveria bassiana, 3.5 parts of a biological bacterium preparation and 3 parts of a decomposition agent.
A preparation method of a disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees comprises the following steps:
1) preparing dry manure powder: drying the collected livestock manure, preparing the dried livestock manure into powder, and sieving the powder by a sieve of 20-80 meshes to remove impurities to obtain dry manure powder for later use;
2) mixing: adding livestock manure, fermented bean dregs, fruit residues, vinasse, tea seed cakes, leaves, traditional Chinese medicine residues, silkworm excrement, seafood leftovers, vinasse, biogas residues, wormwood ash, a decomposition agent and a decomposition agent into a mixing device according to the weight part ratio, stirring, and continuously stirring for 30-40min during stirring to obtain a mixture for later use;
4) fermentation: feeding the mixture into a fermentation tank for composting fermentation, standing for at least 7 days, measuring the internal temperature of the mixture after 7 days, turning and dumping the mixture when the temperature reaches 60-70 ℃, controlling the humidity of the mixture to be more than or equal to 60% during turning and dumping, standing for fermentation for 7-10 days, and cooling the mixture to normal temperature to obtain a fermented material;
5) feeding: adding hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, fruit branch powder, vermiculite, nano bentonite, bone meal, volcanic ash, tripotassium phosphate, ammonium humate, beauveria bassiana and biological bacteria preparation into the fermentation material, and stirring for 10-20 minutes;
6) preparing particles: and (3) feeding the fermented material obtained in the step 5) into a granulator for granulation to obtain a finished fertilizer of the granular material, and packaging the finished fertilizer of the granular material to obtain a packaged finished organic fertilizer.
The streptomycete used in the invention is a commercial product.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the fertilizer provided by the invention is a multifunctional fruit tree disease and insect pest prevention and control type synergistic fertilizer integrating biological, organic, quick-acting and slow-acting fertilizers, has biological and organic components suitable for growth of fruit trees, has quick-acting and slow-acting nutrients meeting different growth periods of the fruit trees, and has a remarkable improvement on fruit quality, especially a remarkable effect of increasing the yield of apples; the organic fertilizer contains a large amount of beneficial bacteria, organic matters and a plurality of trace elements (such as calcium, silicon and the like) after being fermented by a microbial agent, after the organic fertilizer is applied, the beneficial bacteria, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and soil activation of soil are increased, the water retention property, the fertilizer utilization rate and the fertilizer persistence of the soil are improved, the breeding and spread of soil-borne diseases can be inhibited, meanwhile, the redox process in fruit trees can be accelerated, the growth of the fruit trees is stimulated, and the functions of fruit tree metabolism and absorption and utilization of various nutrient components are promoted.
The fruit tree nutrient solution contains abundant macroelements necessary for the growth of fruit trees, and is scientifically added with micronutrients and rare earth elements, so that the absorption of the fruit trees to nutrients is more comprehensive and balanced, the photosynthesis, the drought resistance, the disease and pest resistance of the fruit trees are favorably enhanced, and the quality and the yield of fruits are improved; the added fruit branch micro powder, leaf ash and rotten fruits can provide energy for growth, development and propagation activities of soil microorganisms and enzymes, can decompose nutrient substances in soil, provide nutrients for fruit trees, and simultaneously make full use of waste, improve the utilization rate of the waste, save energy and protect environment; the fruit tree organic fertilizer can provide a large amount of nutrient elements for the growth of fruit trees, not only can improve the yield of fruits and the soil structure, but also does not need top dressing after one-time fertilization, and has obvious and lasting fertilizer efficiency. The raw materials are all free of common chemical reagents, the cost is low, the raw materials are convenient to obtain, the raw materials are harmless to people and livestock, and ions harmful to soil such as heavy metals are not contained, so that the soil is not damaged and underground water is not polluted after the raw materials are used for a long time.
The Chinese medicine dregs are prepared with Chinese medicinal materials and contain plant bactericidal and pesticidal components, and this can raise the disease and pest resistance of fruit tree and reduce the amount of pesticide.
Beauveria bassiana is a fungal microbial insecticide. The thallus is dead naturally when meeting higher temperature and is ineffective. The effective insecticidal substance is live spores of beauveria bassiana. After the spore contacts with pests, the spore germinates under the condition of proper temperature, and growing hypha invades into the pests to produce a large amount of hypha and secretion, so that the pests are sick and die after about 4 to 5 days.
Azadirachtin is a biological insecticide extracted from neem tree species, can prevent and control over more than 200 kinds of agricultural, forestry, storage and indoor sanitary pests, and is a worldwide recognized insecticide with broad spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity, easy degradation and no residue. Azadirachtin (Azadirachtin) is a compound isolated from neem with the strongest activity, and it belongs to the class of tetracyclic triterpenes. Azadirachtin can be divided into 8 types of azadirachtin-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F, -G, -I, azadirachtin-A being commonly referred to as azadirachtin. The nimbin compounds are very similar to the steroid, steroid and other hormone substances in the insect body, so that the pests are not easy to distinguish whether the substances are inherent in the body or are imposed from the outside, and the substances can enter the insect body to interfere the life process of the pests, thereby killing the pests and are not easy to cause the drug resistance of the pests. These compounds are structurally very different from the vertebrate hormones, so they are almost none in humans or animals. The components such as nimbin extracted from nim fruits are widely recognized in the world at present, are broad-spectrum, efficient, low-toxicity, easily degradable, residue-free insecticides and have no drug resistance, and have the effect of repelling and killing almost all plant pests, indoor bedbugs, fleas, flies, mosquitoes and the like. Tests prove that the neem has special effect on controlling more than 400 agricultural, forestry, storage and sanitary pests of 10 meshes, particularly Hemiptera (Hemiptera), Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and other pests, and has no pollution to human, livestock and surrounding environment.
Tea seed cake, also called tea bran, tea seed cake, is purple brown granules, and is a subsidiary product left after oil pressing of wild camellia oil fruits produced by our company. The tea seed cake contains tea saponin 18%. Tea saponin is a hemolytic toxin which can melt red blood cells of fish, so that wild fishes, loaches, snails, mussels, frog eggs, tadpoles and a part of aquatic insects can be killed. The tea saponin is easily dissolved in alkaline water, and has good drug effect by adding a small amount of lime water. Because the protein content of the tea seed cake is higher, the tea seed cake is also a high-efficiency organic fertilizer, is widely applied to the cultivation of crops and fruit trees and has excellent effect. Can play a role in increasing fertilizer for ponds with less sludge and barren bottom materials. The tea seed cake used as the pond clearing medicament has more unique effect than other medicaments.
The tea seed cake has effects of eliminating snail, snot worm, grub, cutworm, etc. in fruit tree in dry land.
The tea seed cake is widely applied to pond cleaning in fish ponds, rice fields and high-grade lawns for killing insects, earthworms, cutworms and other pests. The tea seed cake as a green medicine can be automatically decomposed without toxicity and residual, has no influence on human body, and is safe to use. Secondly, the aquatic weeds are not killed, and the growth promoting effect on the aquatic weeds is also achieved. Thirdly, the larvae of the prawns and the crabs are not damaged, and the pond yielding rate in the process of breeding the shrimp larvae and breeding the young crabs is high. The quality standard of the tea seed cake is as follows: the tea saponin contains 12-18 percent of tea saponin, less than 2 percent of residual oil, 12-16 percent of protein, 30-50 percent of starch and saccharide, 10-12 percent of fiber, less than 12 percent of water, less than 2 percent of impurity and fineness: 20-50 meshes.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of livestock manure, 22 parts of fermented bean dregs, 15 parts of fruit residues, 10 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of tea seed meal, 15 parts of fruit branch powder, 13 parts of leaves, 6 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 1 part of hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, 20 parts of silkworm excrement, 10 parts of seafood leftovers, 5 parts of vermiculite, 3 parts of nano bentonite, 10 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of vinasse, 11 parts of volcanic ash, 6 parts of biogas residues, 5 parts of tripotassium phosphate, 6 parts of ammonium humate, 3 parts of wormwood ash, 3 parts of a decomposition agent, 1 part of beauveria bassiana, 3 parts of a biological bacterium preparation and 2 parts of a decomposition agent.
The pomace is a raw material left after juice is squeezed by a beverage factory, the pomace is a mixture of apple pomace, pear pomace, peach, pomegranate pomace, apple pomace and pomace of melons, and the mass ratio of the apple pomace to the pear pomace to the peach to the pomegranate pomace to the apple pomace to the pomace is 5: 5: 2: 1: 1;
the bone meal is prepared by cleaning the bones of poultry and livestock purchased in a slaughterhouse, placing the cleaned bones in a high-pressure tank, introducing steam at the temperature of 110-.
The traditional Chinese medicine residues are a mixture of coptis chinensis residues, phellodendron residues, scutellaria baicalensis residues, forsythia suspensa residues and honeysuckle residues obtained after production in a pharmaceutical factory, and the mass ratio of the coptis chinensis residues, the phellodendron residues, the scutellaria baicalensis residues, the forsythia suspensa residues and the honeysuckle residues is 5: 1: 1: 1: 1.
the preparation method of the fruit branch powder comprises the following steps: soaking fruit tree branches in 3-5 wt% sodium hydroxide solution for one day and one night, and crushing the fruit tree branches into fruit tree branch powder of 5-60 mesh size while controlling the water content in the fruit tree branch powder to 30-40 wt%; inoculating 92.9-93.9 wt% of fruit tree branch powder to 5-10 wt% of streptomyces, adding 0.1 wt% of urea, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 20-70 ℃, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 7-10 days, naturally airing or drying the fruit tree branch powder after the fruit tree branch powder is thoroughly decomposed, and controlling the water content to be 10-15 wt% to obtain the fruit branch powder.
The spore content of the beauveria bassiana is 100 hundred million/gram. The biological bacteria preparation is 0.3% azadirachtin biological insecticide.
Example 2
A disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of livestock manure, 28 parts of fermented bean dregs, 20 parts of fruit residues, 20 parts of vinasse, 15 parts of tea seed cakes, 20 parts of fruit branch powder, 18 parts of leaves, 10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 4 parts of hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, 30 parts of silkworm excrement, 15 parts of seafood leftovers, 13 parts of vermiculite, 7 parts of nano bentonite, 15 parts of bone meal, 10 parts of vinasse, 16 parts of volcanic ash, 10 parts of biogas residues, 10 parts of tripotassium phosphate, 10 parts of ammonium humate, 7 parts of wormwood ash, 7 parts of a decomposition agent, 3 parts of beauveria bassiana, 5 parts of a biological bacterium preparation and 5 parts of a decomposition agent.
The pomace is a raw material left after juice is squeezed by a beverage factory, the pomace is a mixture of apple pomace, pear pomace, peach, pomegranate pomace, apple pomace and pomace of melons, and the mass ratio of the apple pomace to the pear pomace to the peach to the pomegranate pomace to the apple pomace to the pomace is 10: 10: 4: 5: 1;
the bone meal is prepared by cleaning the bones of poultry and livestock purchased in a slaughterhouse, placing the cleaned bones in a high-pressure tank, introducing steam at the temperature of 110-.
The traditional Chinese medicine residues are a mixture of coptis chinensis residues, phellodendron residues, scutellaria baicalensis residues, forsythia suspensa residues and honeysuckle residues obtained after production in a pharmaceutical factory, wherein the mass ratio of the coptis chinensis residues, the phellodendron residues, the scutellaria baicalensis residues, the forsythia suspensa residues and the honeysuckle residues is 10: 5: 5: 5: 1.
the preparation method of the fruit branch powder comprises the following steps: soaking fruit tree branches in 3-5 wt% sodium hydroxide solution for one day and one night, and crushing the fruit tree branches into fruit tree branch powder of 5-60 mesh size while controlling the water content in the fruit tree branch powder to 30-40 wt%; inoculating 92.9-93.9 wt% of fruit tree branch powder to 5-10 wt% of streptomyces, adding 0.1 wt% of urea, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 20-70 ℃, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 7-10 days, naturally airing or drying the fruit tree branch powder after the fruit tree branch powder is thoroughly decomposed, and controlling the water content to be 10-15 wt% to obtain the fruit branch powder.
The spore content of the beauveria bassiana is 100 hundred million/gram. The biological bacteria preparation is 0.3% azadirachtin biological insecticide.
Example 3
A disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of livestock manure, 25 parts of fermented bean dregs, 18 parts of fruit residues, 15 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of tea meal, 18 parts of fruit branch powder, 16 parts of leaves, 8 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 2.5 parts of hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, 25 parts of silkworm excrement, 13 parts of seafood leftovers, 9 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of nano bentonite, 13 parts of bone meal, 8 parts of vinasse, 14 parts of volcanic ash, 8 parts of biogas residues, 8 parts of tripotassium phosphate, 8 parts of humic acid ammonium, 5 parts of wormwood ash, 5 parts of a decomposition agent, 2 parts of beauveria bassiana, 4 parts of a biological bacterial preparation and 3.5 parts of a decomposition agent.
The pomace is a raw material left after juice is squeezed by a beverage factory, the pomace is a mixture of apple pomace, pear pomace, peach, pomegranate pomace, apple pomace and pomace of melons, and the mass ratio of the apple pomace to the pear pomace to the peach to the pomegranate pomace to the apple pomace to the pomace is 7: 7: 3: 2: 1;
the bone meal is prepared by cleaning the bones of poultry and livestock purchased in a slaughterhouse, placing the cleaned bones in a high-pressure tank, introducing steam at the temperature of 110-.
The traditional Chinese medicine residues are a mixture of coptis chinensis residues, phellodendron residues, scutellaria baicalensis residues, forsythia suspensa residues and honeysuckle residues obtained after production in a pharmaceutical factory, wherein the mass ratio of the coptis chinensis residues, the phellodendron residues, the scutellaria baicalensis residues, the forsythia suspensa residues and the honeysuckle residues is 10: 3: 2: 2: 1.
the preparation method of the fruit branch powder comprises the following steps: soaking fruit tree branches in 3-5 wt% sodium hydroxide solution for one day and one night, and crushing the fruit tree branches into fruit tree branch powder of 5-60 mesh size while controlling the water content in the fruit tree branch powder to 30-40 wt%; inoculating 92.9-93.9 wt% of fruit tree branch powder to 5-10 wt% of streptomyces, adding 0.1 wt% of urea, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 20-70 ℃, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 7-10 days, naturally airing or drying the fruit tree branch powder after the fruit tree branch powder is thoroughly decomposed, and controlling the water content to be 10-15 wt% to obtain the fruit branch powder.
The spore content of the beauveria bassiana is 100 hundred million/gram. The biological bacteria preparation is 0.3% azadirachtin biological insecticide.
Example 4
A disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 68 parts of livestock manure, 24 parts of fermented bean dregs, 15-19 parts of fruit residues, 10-206 parts of vinasse, 8 parts of tea seed meal, 13 parts of fruit branch powder, 14 parts of leaves, 7 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 3 parts of hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, 27 parts of silkworm excrement, 14 parts of seafood leftovers, 8 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of nano bentonite, 12 parts of bone meal, 7 parts of vinasse, 13 parts of volcanic ash, 7 parts of biogas residues, 7 parts of tripotassium phosphate, 9 parts of humic acid ammonium, 6 parts of wormwood ash, 4 parts of a decomposition agent, 1.7 parts of beauveria bassiana, 3.5 parts of a biological bacterium preparation and 3 parts of a decomposition agent.
The pomace is a raw material left after juice is squeezed by a beverage factory, the pomace is a mixture of apple pomace, pear pomace, peach, pomegranate pomace, apple pomace and pomace of melons, and the mass ratio of the apple pomace to the pear pomace to the peach to the pomegranate pomace to the apple pomace to the pomace is 8: 8: 3: 3: 1;
the bone meal is prepared by cleaning the bones of poultry and livestock purchased in a slaughterhouse, placing the cleaned bones in a high-pressure tank, introducing steam at the temperature of 110-.
The traditional Chinese medicine residues are a mixture of coptis chinensis residues, phellodendron residues, scutellaria baicalensis residues, forsythia suspensa residues and honeysuckle residues obtained after production in a pharmaceutical factory, wherein the mass ratio of the coptis chinensis residues, the phellodendron residues, the scutellaria baicalensis residues, the forsythia suspensa residues and the honeysuckle residues is 8: 3: 3: 3: 1.
the preparation method of the fruit branch powder comprises the following steps: soaking fruit tree branches in 3-5 wt% sodium hydroxide solution for one day and one night, and crushing the fruit tree branches into fruit tree branch powder of 5-60 mesh size while controlling the water content in the fruit tree branch powder to 30-40 wt%; inoculating 92.9-93.9 wt% of fruit tree branch powder to 5-10 wt% of streptomyces, adding 0.1 wt% of urea, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 20-70 ℃, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 7-10 days, naturally airing or drying the fruit tree branch powder after the fruit tree branch powder is thoroughly decomposed, and controlling the water content to be 10-15 wt% to obtain the fruit branch powder.
The spore content of the beauveria bassiana is 100 hundred million/gram. The biological bacteria preparation is 0.3% azadirachtin biological insecticide.
The preparation method of the disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees in the embodiments 1 to 4 comprises the following steps:
1) preparing dry manure powder: drying the collected livestock manure, preparing the dried livestock manure into powder, and sieving the powder by a sieve of 20-80 meshes to remove impurities to obtain dry manure powder for later use;
2) mixing: adding livestock manure, fermented bean dregs, fruit residues, vinasse, tea seed cakes, leaves, traditional Chinese medicine residues, silkworm excrement, seafood leftovers, vinasse, biogas residues, wormwood ash, a decomposition agent and a decomposition agent into a mixing device according to the weight part ratio, stirring, and continuously stirring for 30-40min during stirring to obtain a mixture for later use;
4) fermentation: feeding the mixture into a fermentation tank for composting fermentation, standing for at least 7 days, measuring the internal temperature of the mixture after 7 days, turning and dumping the mixture when the temperature reaches 60-70 ℃, controlling the humidity of the mixture to be more than or equal to 60% during turning and dumping, standing for fermentation for 7-10 days, and cooling the mixture to normal temperature to obtain a fermented material;
5) feeding: adding hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, fruit branch powder, vermiculite, nano bentonite, bone meal, volcanic ash, tripotassium phosphate, ammonium humate, beauveria bassiana and biological bacteria preparation into the fermentation material, and stirring for 10-20 minutes;
6) preparing particles: and (3) feeding the fermented material obtained in the step 5) into a granulator for granulation to obtain a finished fertilizer of the granular material, and packaging the finished fertilizer of the granular material to obtain a packaged finished organic fertilizer.
Application Effect examples
In order to verify the effects of the disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees in preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests, improving yield, improving quality, reducing cost, improving economic benefit of apple planting, reducing fertilizer waste, protecting ecological environment and the like, the application effect of the disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees is researched.
Test site: in 2020, a certain apple plantation base in Linyi City of Shandong province is selected for testing, the test soil is yellow soil for granite matrix weathering debris development, and the soil fertility condition is as follows: the pH value is as follows: 6.5, 14.3g/kg of organic matters, 62.8mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 33mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus and 45.1mg/kg of quick-acting potassium. The ground is flat and the ground force is uniform for each treatment in the test field.
Test methods and materials: the tested apple variety is Fuji red, the tree age is 10 years, 20 trees are treated for each test, the size and the growth vigor are basically consistent, and the area of each tree is 15m2667m by volume247 plants were planted. The test is provided with 6 treatments, and the treatment method of each treatment group is as follows
The fertilizer is applied to the soil as a base fertilizer in the initial growth stage of the fruit trees in a furrowing manner, the fertilizing amount of each treatment group is the same, wherein T1 is the fertilizer treatment group obtained in the application of the fertilizer of the embodiment 4 of the invention; t2 is a group treated with a fertilizer of the same formulation as in example 4 of the present invention except that it does not contain beauveria bassiana, biological bacteria preparation, herb residue and wormwood ash; t3 is a group treated by applying a common organic compound fertilizer produced by a certain company on the market, wherein N is P2O5, K2O is 16-16-16, and the total nutrient is more than or equal to 45%. The treatment groups were identical for the other field management. Weighing all fruits to count the yield, selecting 4 apple trees with the same tree vigor for each treatment group to pick all fruits, weighing and counting the yield in a grading manner, measuring the soluble solid content of the fruits by using a portable sugar meter, and measuring the tree vigor on site. The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical analysis of fruit morphological traits for different treatment groups
As is clear from the results in Table 1, the fertilizer of the present invention exhibited a remarkable effect in increasing the yield of fruit, and it was found from the analysis of fruit morphology that the yield per 667m of the single plant was higher than that of group T3 using the fertilizer of the present invention2The yield is obviously improved, and the yield increasing effect is very obvious.
The invention also researches and counts the pest and disease occurrence conditions of the fruit trees of different treatment groups, and the statistical results are shown in the following tables 2-3.
TABLE 2 statistics of apple disease status for different treatment groups
TABLE 3 statistics of apple pest status for different treatment groups
As shown in tables 2 and 3: apple diseases and insect pests are various and commonly occur in fields, and popular apple diseases and insect pests in test areas mainly include powdery mildew, ring spot, apple leaf roller, red spiders, white spiders and the like. Under the same pest management condition, the pest incidence rate of T1 is obviously reduced compared with that of T2 and T3. The single microbial strain has a low sterilization effect, and after multiple strains are reasonably combined, the strains act synergistically to achieve a stable microbial ecological environment, the number of viable beneficial bacteria is large, the sterilization and bacteriostasis effects are more remarkable, and the stress resistance and the nutrition absorption balance of plants are improved. In addition, the fertilizer disclosed by the invention is balanced in nutrient release, meets the growth requirements of fruit trees, and can also improve the soil fertility level of the fertilizer application soil and improve the quality of agricultural products.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. The disease-preventing fertilizer for the fruit trees and the preparation method thereof are characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of livestock manure, 22-28 parts of fermented bean dregs, 15-20 parts of fruit residues, 10-20 parts of vinasse, 5-15 parts of tea seed meal, 15-20 parts of fruit branch powder, 13-18 parts of leaves, 6-10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 1-4 parts of hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, 20-30 parts of silkworm excrement, 10-15 parts of seafood leftovers, 5-13 parts of vermiculite, 3-7 parts of nano bentonite, 10-15 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of vinasse, 11-16 parts of volcanic ash, 6-10 parts of biogas residues, 5-10 parts of tripotassium phosphate, 6-10 parts of ammonium humate, 3-7 parts of wormwood ash, 3-7 parts of a decomposing agent, 1-3 parts of beauveria bassiana, 3-5 parts of a biological bacterium preparation and 2-5 parts of a decomposing agent.
2. The disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pomace is the raw material left after juice is extracted by a beverage factory, the pomace is a mixture of apple pomace, pear pomace, peach, pomegranate pomace, apple pomace and melon pomace, and the mass ratio of the apple pomace, pear pomace, peach, pomegranate pomace, apple pomace and melon pomace is 5-10: 5-10: 2-4: 1-5: 1.
3. the disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bone meal is prepared by cleaning the bones of poultry and livestock purchased from slaughterhouses, placing the cleaned bones in a high-pressure tank, introducing steam at 110 ℃ and 120 ℃, extracting the oil glue liquid at the bottom layer every one hour, taking out the oil glue liquid after most of the oil is separated from the bones, drying and crushing the oil glue liquid into bone meal.
4. The disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residue is a mixture of coptis chinensis residue, phellodendron residue, scutellaria baicalensis residue, forsythia suspensa residue and honeysuckle residue obtained after production in a pharmaceutical factory, and the weight ratio of the coptis chinensis residue, the phellodendron residue, the scutellaria baicalensis residue, the forsythia suspensa residue and the honeysuckle residue is 5-10: 1-5: 1-5: 1-5: 1.
5. the disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the fruit branch powder comprises the following steps: soaking fruit tree branches in 3-5 wt% sodium hydroxide solution for one day and one night, and crushing the fruit tree branches into fruit tree branch powder of 5-60 mesh size while controlling the water content in the fruit tree branch powder to 30-40 wt%; inoculating 92.9-93.9 wt% of fruit tree branch powder to 5-10 wt% of streptomyces, adding 0.1 wt% of urea, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 20-70 ℃, carrying out aerobic fermentation for 7-10 days, naturally airing or drying the fruit tree branch powder after the fruit tree branch powder is thoroughly decomposed, and controlling the water content to be 10-15 wt% to obtain the fruit branch powder.
6. The disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spore content of beauveria bassiana is 100 hundred million/g; the biological bacteria preparation is 0.3% azadirachtin biological insecticide.
7. The disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disease-preventing fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of livestock manure, 22 parts of fermented bean dregs, 15 parts of fruit residues, 10 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of tea seed meal, 15 parts of fruit branch powder, 13 parts of leaves, 6 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 1 part of hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, 20 parts of silkworm excrement, 10 parts of seafood leftovers, 5 parts of vermiculite, 3 parts of nano bentonite, 10 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of vinasse, 11 parts of volcanic ash, 6 parts of biogas residues, 5 parts of tripotassium phosphate, 6 parts of ammonium humate, 3 parts of wormwood ash, 3 parts of a decomposition agent, 1 part of beauveria bassiana, 3 parts of a biological bacterium preparation and 2 parts of a decomposition agent.
8. The disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disease-preventing fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of livestock manure, 28 parts of fermented bean dregs, 20 parts of fruit residues, 20 parts of vinasse, 15 parts of tea seed cakes, 20 parts of fruit branch powder, 18 parts of leaves, 10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 4 parts of hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, 30 parts of silkworm excrement, 15 parts of seafood leftovers, 13 parts of vermiculite, 7 parts of nano bentonite, 15 parts of bone meal, 10 parts of vinasse, 16 parts of volcanic ash, 10 parts of biogas residues, 10 parts of tripotassium phosphate, 10 parts of ammonium humate, 7 parts of wormwood ash, 7 parts of a decomposition agent, 3 parts of beauveria bassiana, 5 parts of a biological bacterium preparation and 5 parts of a decomposition agent.
9. The disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disease-preventing fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 68 parts of livestock manure, 24 parts of fermented bean dregs, 15-19 parts of fruit residues, 10-206 parts of vinasse, 8 parts of tea seed meal, 13 parts of fruit branch powder, 14 parts of leaves, 7 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 3 parts of hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, 27 parts of silkworm excrement, 14 parts of seafood leftovers, 8 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of nano bentonite, 12 parts of bone meal, 7 parts of vinasse, 13 parts of volcanic ash, 7 parts of biogas residues, 7 parts of tripotassium phosphate, 9 parts of humic acid ammonium, 6 parts of wormwood ash, 4 parts of a decomposition agent, 1.7 parts of beauveria bassiana, 3.5 parts of a biological bacterium preparation and 3 parts of a decomposition agent.
10. The preparation method of the disease-preventing fertilizer for fruit trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing dry manure powder: drying the collected livestock manure, preparing the dried livestock manure into powder, and sieving the powder by a sieve of 20-80 meshes to remove impurities to obtain dry manure powder for later use;
2) mixing: adding livestock manure, fermented bean dregs, fruit residues, vinasse, tea seed cakes, leaves, traditional Chinese medicine residues, silkworm excrement, seafood leftovers, vinasse, biogas residues, wormwood ash, a decomposition agent and a decomposition agent into a mixing device according to the weight part ratio, stirring, and continuously stirring for 30-40min during stirring to obtain a mixture for later use;
4) fermentation: feeding the mixture into a fermentation tank for composting fermentation, standing for at least 7 days, measuring the internal temperature of the mixture after 7 days, turning and dumping the mixture when the temperature reaches 60-70 ℃, controlling the humidity of the mixture to be more than or equal to 60% during turning and dumping, standing for fermentation for 7-10 days, and cooling the mixture to normal temperature to obtain a fermented material;
5) feeding: adding hydrolyzed amino acid chelated multi-element powder, fruit branch powder, vermiculite, nano bentonite, bone meal, volcanic ash, tripotassium phosphate, ammonium humate, beauveria bassiana and biological bacteria preparation into the fermentation material, and stirring for 10-20 minutes;
6) preparing particles: and (3) feeding the fermented material obtained in the step 5) into a granulator for granulation to obtain a finished fertilizer of the granular material, and packaging the finished fertilizer of the granular material to obtain a packaged finished organic fertilizer.
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