CN102417411B - Composite biological agent used for replacing chemical fertilizers and pesticides and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite biological agent used for replacing chemical fertilizers and pesticides and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
For reducing the negative effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on grain production and natural environment, the invention provides a composite biological agent used for replacing chemical fertilizers. The use of the composite biological agent can effectively avoid many drawbacks caused by the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and has the effect of increasing both production and income of grains. The composite biological agent comprises the following ingredients: 10-15 wt% of plant enzyme preparation, 0.5-1.5 wt% of composite trace elements, 15-25 wt% of zeolite, and 60-70 wt% of water. The preparation method is characterized by mixing in proportion and fermenting. The composite biological agent can increase the production capacity of grains, improve the grain quality, effectively save resource and protect the environment. The method has the advantages of simple operation, easy control of the parameters, and short period, and is benefit for popularization and application.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of composite biological agent and preparation method thereof.
Background technology:
For a long time, be to solve grain-production and Food Security, many places all produce and use fertilizer and pesticide a large amount of, and this is for improving crop yield, ensureing that the aspects such as grain security of China have brought into play huge effect.But chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals are long-term, excessive using caused more serious pollution to environment, have brought ecological threat.Using with the contradiction of grain security of fertilizer and pesticide is increasingly urgent.
State Environmental Protection Administration's data presentation of 2006, year amount of application of China's agricultural chemicals is up to 1,320,000 tons, and wherein, riskiest pesticide accounts for 70%; Applying quantity of chemical fertilizer reaches 4,412 ten thousand tons, wherein amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is up to 2,200 ten thousand tons of left and right, organic manure application rate only accounts for 25% of Term Fertilization total amount, and some local chemical fertilizer application levels are up to per hectare more than 600 kilograms, and the chemical fertilizer utilising efficiency but maintains the lower level of 35% left and right.
Use the problem that chemical fertilizer brings:
1, weaken crops throughput.The crops is just the same with the people, and overeat can be unfavorable for health on the contrary not only bad for growth.The excessive result that the crops is worked the mischief of applying fertilizer mainly contains two: one is easy lodging, and lodging is in case appearance just must cause grain drop in production; Another is that disease and pest easily occurs, and nitrogen application is too much, and the crops resistant to diseases and insects is weakened, and subjects to the disease worm and infects, and then increases the pesticide dosage that destroys plant diseases and insect pests, and has directly threatened the security of food.
2, aggravation environmental pollution.When the fertilizer amount of too much using surpasses the hold facility of soil, in the water around will flowing into, form widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, eutrophication, cause algae to grow, then destroy water surrounding.According to statistics, China is annual because unreasonable fertilising causes the nitrogen loss of more than 1,000 ten thousand tons outside the farmland, approximately 30,000,000,000 yuan of direct economic losses.Excessive fertilizer also can infiltrate 20 meters with in interior shallow ground water, makes Nitrate content in ground water increase.
3, waste a large amount of narrow resources.If the chemical fertilizer that slatterns can be saved, will alleviate the energy scarcity situation of China.Only in 2004, China's chemical fertilizers production consumed about 100,000,000 tons of standard coals, surpassed national energy and consumed 5% of proportion.In addition, the annual higher-grade Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL) that consumes of China's chemical fertilizers production has surpassed 100,000,000 tons, and Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL) has been listed the row of Ministry of Land and Resources's narrow resources after 2010 in; Chemical fertilizers production has also consumed the sulphur resource of China 72%.
The problem of using agricultural chemicals to bring:
1, be detrimental to health.According to the literature, the agricultural chemicals utilization ratio is generally 10%, and approximately 90% remain in environment, cause the pollution to environment.A large amount of agricultural chemicals that scatter and disappear evaporate in air, flow in water body, and sedimentation is gathered in soil, pollute farming animals fishing fruit product, and transfer to human body by the inrichment of food chain, and human body is produced harm.This class harm often will just demonstrate symptom through long time integral, is not familiar with by people; It is again the inrichment by food chain, just enters at last human body, is difficult in time finding, therefore, is not generally paid attention to by people, and thus, this class harm is more dangerous.
2, harm ecotope.A large amount of agricultural chemicals that use when killing off the insect pests, also can kill beneficial bird, the beneficial beast of other food insect, beneficial bird, the beneficial beast of food insect are greatly reduced, thereby destroyed the eubiosis.Often use agricultural chemicals in addition, make insect produce resistance, cause the increase of medication number of times and dosage, strengthened to the pollution of environment with to the destruction of ecology, form thus the vicious cycle of pesticide abuse.
Summary of the invention:
The negative impact that grain-production and physical environment is brought in order to reduce chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, the invention provides a kind of composite biological agent that contains the various plants ferment and preparation method thereof, replace fertilizer and pesticide to use with it, the many drawbacks that can effectively avoid using fertilizer and pesticide and cause also have the effect of increasing both production and income simultaneously to grain.
Described purpose is achieved by the following scheme:
A kind of composite biological agent that replaces fertilizer and pesticide to use, it is made by composite plant enzyme preparation, composite trace element, zeolite and water, and its part by weight is: plant enzyme preparation: 10~15%; Composite trace element: 0.5~1.5%; Zeolite: 15~25%; Water: 60~70%;
Wherein, the plant enzyme preparation is mixed by the monomer plant enzyme of following part by weight: tomato ferment 4.8-5.2: potato ferment 4.8-5.2: root of langdu flower ferment 17-19: argy wormwood ferment 14.5-15.5: pineapple ferment 14-16: soybean ferment 9.5-10.5: spirulina ferment 0.2-0.3: apple ferment 0.18-0.22.
Described composite trace element is mixed by the monomer trace element of following part by weight: potassium primary phosphate 75-80: sal epsom 52-54: zinc sulfate 2-4: ferrous sulfate 1.5-2.0: copper sulfate 0.5-1.5.
Not leaded in described zeolite, cadmium, arsenic, the weight content of silicate is more than 60%.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method who replaces the composite biological agent of fertilizer and pesticide use, its preparation process is as follows:
By weight proportion, composite plant enzyme preparation 10~15%, composite trace element 0.5~1.5%, zeolite 15~25% and water 60~70% are mixed, stir rear under 40~45 ℃, aerobic fermentation 30 days; Stirred once at interval of 10-20 hour between yeast phase; Standing rear filtration, filtrate is composite biological agent;
Wherein, the plant enzyme preparation is mixed by the monomer plant enzyme of following part by weight: tomato ferment 4.8-5.2: potato ferment 4.8-5.2: root of langdu flower ferment 17-19: argy wormwood ferment 14.5-15.5: pineapple ferment 14-16: soybean ferment 9.5-10.5: spirulina ferment 0.2-0.3: apple ferment 0.18-0.22.
Described composite trace element is mixed by the monomer trace element of following part by weight: potassium primary phosphate 75-80: sal epsom 52-54: zinc sulfate 2-4: ferrous sulfate 1.5-2.0: copper sulfate 0.5-1.5.
The present invention also provides another can replace the preparation method of the composite biological agent of fertilizer and pesticide use, and preparation process is as follows:
A. the preparation of various plants enzyme preparation:
Spend ferment, argy wormwood ferment, pineapple ferment, soybean ferment, spirulina ferment, apple ferment by weight 5: 5: 18 monomer tomato ferment, potato ferment, the root of langdu: 15: 15: 10: mix at 0.25: 0.2, standby;
B. the preparation of composite trace element:
With potassium primary phosphate, sal epsom, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate by weight 75: 52: 3: mix at 1.5: 1, standby;
C. choosing of zeolite: not leaded in the zeolite of choosing, cadmium, arsenic, the silicate weight content is more than 60%;
D. the preparation of composite biological agent, carry out successively according to the following steps:
Various plants enzyme preparation, composite trace element, zeolite and water are prepared by 13.2%, 0.7%, 19.9%, 66.2% weight percent;
All pour into the water of preparing in fermentor tank;
1/2 of the composite trace element weight prepared is dropped in fermentor tank, stirred 30 minutes;
1/2 of the zeolite weight prepared is dropped in fermentor tank, stirred 20 minutes;
1/2 and remaining composite trace element of the various plants enzyme preparation weight prepared are dropped in fermentor tank, stirred 30 minutes;
After 1 day, remaining various plants enzyme preparation and zeolite are dropped in fermentor tank, stirred 30 minutes;
Under 40~45 ℃, continuously fermented 30 days, stirred every day 30 minutes, complete fermentation for the first time;
With the product standing 30 days again of fermentation for the first time, to filter, the filtrate that obtains is composite biological agent.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, the present invention can improve the grain-production ability.Composite biological agent of the present invention improves the probiotics vigor by exciting organism active, and yield and quality, increase production more than 10% with can improving farm crop.
2, the present invention can improve grain quality.Utilize composite biological agent replacing fertilizer agricultural chemicals of the present invention to use, composite biological agent no longer contains remaining fertilizer and pesticide without any toxic side effect in the farm crop such as the grain that people eat, vegetables, melon and fruit, guaranteed food safety.
3, the present invention can effectively economize on resources.Composite biological agent of the present invention is plant milk extract, by mix, fermentation makes, its dilution carrier is water, zeolite powder, does not need other mineral substance, can effectively alleviate the resource scarcity that causes because using chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals.
But 4, the present invention protection of the environment.Composite biological agent of the present invention exists so that the biologic ferment form is compound, is the catalyzer of biological respinse, without any toxic side effect, can improve micro-ecological environment; Composite biological agent of the present invention is not bacterium or other life entities, does not have the species intrusion risk, and public health security is not had hidden danger.
The method of the invention is simple to operate, and parameter is easily controlled, and the cycle is short, is beneficial to and applies.
Embodiment:
Embodiment one:
Prepare as follows composite biological agent:
A. spend ferment, argy wormwood ferment, pineapple ferment, soybean ferment, spirulina ferment, apple ferment by weight 5: 5: 18 monomer tomato ferment, potato ferment, the root of langdu: 15: 15: 10: mix at 0.25: 0.2, get various plants ferment compound formulation, standby;
B. with potassium primary phosphate, sal epsom, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate by weight 75: 52: 3: mix at 1.5: 1, get composite trace element, standby;
C. choose not leaded, cadmium, arsenic, the silicate weight content is at the zeolite powder more than 60%, and is standby;
D. then carry out successively according to the following steps:
Described various plants enzyme preparation, composite trace element, zeolite powder and water are prepared by 13.2%, 0.7%, 19.9%, 66.2% weight percent;
The water of preparing is all poured in fermentor tank, then 1/2 of the composite trace element weight prepared is dropped in fermentor tank, stirred 30 minutes; Then 1/2 of the zeolite weight prepared is dropped in fermentor tank, stirred 20 minutes; 1/2 and remaining composite trace element with the various plants enzyme preparation weight prepared drops in fermentor tank again, stirs 30 minutes; After under 40~45 ℃ standing 1 day, remaining various plants enzyme preparation and zeolite are dropped in fermentor tank, stirred 30 minutes;
Then under 40~45 ℃, continuously fermented 30 days, stirred every day 30 minutes, complete fermentation for the first time; With the product standing 30 days again of fermentation for the first time, to filter, the filtrate that obtains is the composite biological agent that replaces fertilizer and pesticide to use of the present invention.
Use on paddy rice with the composite biological agent that aforesaid method obtains, a kind of contrast experiment on paddy rice be provided simultaneously:
Carry out the controlled trial of paddy rice in Yong Li village, Yongan town, Jidong County, Jixi, Heilongjiang city, the rice varieties of test group and control group is all for cultivating rice 12; Test group uses the present embodiment method to obtain composite biological agent, the agricultural chemicals that the chemical fertilizer that control group is produced with Heilungkiang Bei Feng capital goods in the agricultural sector Group Co.,Ltd, the Dalian distant Group Co.,Ltd of pine produce.
Control group, every mu of rate of fertilizer application: 50 jin, paddy rice base fertilizer, turn green and carry 20 jin, seed manure, apply fertilizer 10 to 15 May of date; Dial the joint phase and topdress 20 jin, the May 28 date of applying fertilizer was to June 4; Seal every seedling with sealing medicine 300 grams with having ploughed, sealed 10 to 15 May of date with having ploughed; Head is all over carrying every mu of medication 80 grams of seed manure band sealing, and head is all over carrying seedling fertilising May 28 date to June 4.When gathering in the crops, 1650 jin of paddy rice per mu yields.
Utilize the use procedure of composite biological agent of the present invention on Rice Cropping as follows:
1, rice paddy seed was soaked 24 hours in the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.2% (volumetric concentration).
2, seed germinateed 24 hours naturally after making immersion under the condition of 30~34 degree.
3, the planting seed that germinates is arrived nursery box.
4, seedling raise period is 35 days, sprays the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.1% (volumetric concentration) when growing to 7~10 centimetres of left and right wait growing seedlings, and every mu is sprayed 200 kilograms.
5, the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.1% (volumetric concentration) was sprayed in rice transplanting in 10 days afterwards, and every mu is sprayed 200 kilograms.
6, use weedicide to spray afterwards the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.3% (volumetric concentration) in 3~5 days, every mu is sprayed 100 kilograms.
7, go out to spray the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.1% (volumetric concentration) after fringe, every mu is sprayed 200 kilograms.
8, the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.1% (volumetric concentration) was sprayed in harvesting in front 15~20 days, and every mu is sprayed 200 kilograms.
Test-results shows, the control group average yield per mu is 1650 jin; The test group average yield per mu is 1900 jin, and volume increase reaches 15%.
Embodiment two:
The present embodiment prepares composite biological agent as follows:
By weight proportion, with the composite plant enzyme preparation by 10%, composite trace element 1.5%, zeolite 20% and water 68.5% mixes, after stirring under 40 ℃, aerobic fermentation 30 days; Stirred once at interval of 20 hours between yeast phase; Standing rear filtration, filtrate is composite biological agent;
Wherein, the plant enzyme preparation is mixed by the monomer plant enzyme of following part by weight: tomato ferment 5.1: potato ferment 4.9: root of langdu flower ferment 17.5: argy wormwood ferment 15.2: pineapple ferment 15.5: soybean ferment 9.5: spirulina ferment 0.28: apple ferment 0.18.
Described composite trace element is mixed by the monomer trace element of following part by weight: potassium primary phosphate 80: sal epsom 54: zinc sulfate 2: ferrous sulfate 2.0: copper sulfate 1.4.
Composite biological agent with the described method preparation of the present embodiment uses on corn, and a kind of control experiment on corn is provided simultaneously:
Utilize the use procedure of composite biological agent of the present invention on corn planting as follows:
Spray the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.1% (volumetric concentration) when 1, after planting rice shoot grows to 7~10 centimetres of left and right, every mu is sprayed 200 kilograms.
2, the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.1% (volumetric concentration) after 15 days, is sprayed in the interval, and every mu is sprayed 200 kilograms.
3, the just male phase (on July 15 to 25) is sprayed the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.3% (volumetric concentration), and every mu is sprayed 100 kilograms.
4, (on August 1 to the 15) sprinkling of taking over the baton the phase contains the aqueous solution of composite biological agent 0.1% (volumetric concentration), and every mu is sprayed 200 kilograms.
5, the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.1% (volumetric concentration) was sprayed in harvesting in front 15~20 days, and every mu is sprayed 200 kilograms.
The corn control group: corn base fertilizer 50-70 jin, fertilizer application period April 28 was to May 10; Trumpet period topdresses 50 jin, 24 to 30 June of dressing time; Sealing is sealed April 28 date of application to May 10 with 69% second diazine mu consumption 150 grams.
Test-results shows, the control group average yield per mu is 1950 jin; The test group average yield per mu is 2250 jin, and volume increase reaches 16%.
Embodiment three:
Prepare as follows composite biological agent:
By weight proportion, with the composite plant enzyme preparation by 15%, composite trace element 0.5%, zeolite 24.5% and water 60% mixes, after stirring under 45 ℃, aerobic fermentation 30 days; Stirred once at interval of 10 hours between yeast phase; Standing rear filtration, filtrate is composite biological agent;
Wherein, the plant enzyme preparation is mixed by the monomer plant enzyme of following part by weight: tomato ferment 4.9: potato ferment 5.1: root of langdu flower ferment 19: argy wormwood ferment 14.5: pineapple ferment 14.5: soybean ferment 10.5: spirulina ferment 0.2: apple ferment 0.22.
Described composite trace element is mixed by the monomer trace element of following part by weight: potassium primary phosphate 78: sal epsom 53: zinc sulfate 4: ferrous sulfate 1.8: copper sulfate 0.8.
Composite biological agent with the described method preparation of the present embodiment uses on soybean, and a kind of contrast experiment on soybean is provided simultaneously:
The soybean control group: base fertilizer 50-70 jin, fertilizer application period April 28 was to May 10; Sealing is sealed April 28 date of application to May 10 with two wide mu of consumption 150-200 grams of 48% second.
Utilize the use procedure of composite biological agent of the present invention on soybean planting as follows:
Spray the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.1% (volumetric concentration) when 1, after planting rice shoot grows to 7~10 centimetres of left and right, every mu is sprayed 200 kilograms.
2, the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.1% (volumetric concentration) after 15 days, is sprayed in the interval, and every mu is sprayed 200 kilograms.
3, initial bloom stage (on June 15 to 25) sprays the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.3% (volumetric concentration), and every mu is sprayed 100 kilograms.
4, victory florescence (July 10 was to July 15) is sprayed the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.1% (volumetric concentration), and every mu is sprayed 200 kilograms.
5, the poppyhead phase (July 25 to August 5) is sprayed the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.1% (volumetric concentration), and every mu is sprayed 200 kilograms.
6, the aqueous solution that contains composite biological agent 0.1% (volumetric concentration) was sprayed in harvesting in front 15~20 days, and every mu is sprayed 200 kilograms.
Test-results shows, the control group average yield per mu is 500 jin; The test group average yield per mu is 650 jin, and volume increase reaches 30%.
Above-mentioned embodiment is the exemplary illustration of this patent not to be limited its protection domain; those skilled in the art can also carry out the part to it and change; as long as no the spirit that exceeds this patent, all be considered as the replacement that is equal to this patent, all within the protection domain of this patent.
Claims (8)
1. the composite biological agent that can replace fertilizer and pesticide to use, is characterized in that, it is made by composite plant enzyme preparation, composite trace element, zeolite and water, and its part by weight is: plant enzyme preparation: 10~15%; Composite trace element: 0.5~1.5%; Zeolite: 15~25%; Water: 60~70%;
Wherein, the plant enzyme preparation is prepared from by the monomer plant enzyme of following part by weight: tomato ferment 4.8-5.2: potato ferment 4.8-5.2: root of langdu flower ferment 17-19: argy wormwood ferment 14.5-15.5: pineapple ferment 14-16: soybean ferment 9.5-10.5: spirulina ferment 0.2-0.3: apple ferment 0.18-0.22;
Composite trace element is mixed by the monomer trace element of following part by weight: potassium primary phosphate 75-80: sal epsom 52-54: zinc sulfate 2-4: ferrous sulfate 1.5-2.0: copper sulfate 0.5-1.5.
2. the composite biological agent that replaces fertilizer and pesticide to use according to claim 1, is characterized in that described composite trace element is mixed by the monomer trace element of following part by weight: potassium primary phosphate 80: sal epsom 54: zinc sulfate 2: ferrous sulfate 2.0: copper sulfate 1.4.
3. the composite biological agent that replaces fertilizer and pesticide to use according to claim 1, is characterized in that described composite trace element is mixed by the monomer trace element of following part by weight: potassium primary phosphate 78: sal epsom 53: zinc sulfate 4: ferrous sulfate 1.8: copper sulfate 0.8.
4. the described composite biological agent that replaces fertilizer and pesticide to use of according to claim 1-3 any one is characterized in that not leaded in described zeolite, cadmium, arsenic, and the weight content of silicate is more than 60%.
5. the described composite biological agent that replaces fertilizer and pesticide to use of according to claim 1-3 any one, is characterized in that the plant enzyme preparation is mixed by the monomer plant enzyme of following part by weight: tomato ferment 5.1: potato ferment 4.9: root of langdu flower ferment 17.5: argy wormwood ferment 15.2: pineapple ferment 15.5: soybean ferment 9.5: spirulina ferment 0.28: apple ferment 0.18.
6. the described composite biological agent that replaces fertilizer and pesticide to use of according to claim 1-3 any one, is characterized in that the plant enzyme preparation is mixed by the monomer plant enzyme of following part by weight: tomato ferment 4.9: potato ferment 5.1: root of langdu flower ferment 19: argy wormwood ferment 14.5: pineapple ferment 14.5: soybean ferment 10.5: spirulina ferment 0.2: apple ferment 0.22.
7. preparation method that can replace the composite biological agent that fertilizer and pesticide uses is characterized in that preparation process is as follows:
By weight proportion, composite plant enzyme preparation 10~15%, composite trace element 0.5~1.5%, zeolite 15~25% and water 60~70% are mixed, stir rear under 40~45 ℃, aerobic fermentation 30 days; Stirred once at interval of 10-20 hour between yeast phase; Standing rear filtration, filtrate is composite biological agent;
Wherein, the plant enzyme preparation is mixed by the monomer plant enzyme of following part by weight: tomato ferment 4.8-5.2: potato ferment 4.8-5.2: root of langdu flower ferment 17-19: argy wormwood ferment 14.5-15.5: pineapple ferment 14-16: soybean ferment 9.5-10.5: spirulina ferment 0.2-0.3: apple ferment 0.18-0.22;
Composite trace element is mixed by the monomer trace element of following part by weight: potassium primary phosphate 75-80: sal epsom 52-54: zinc sulfate 2-4: ferrous sulfate 1.5-2.0: copper sulfate 0.5-1.5.
8. the preparation method who replaces the composite biological agent that fertilizer and pesticide uses according to claim 7 is characterized in that preparation process is as follows:
A. the preparation of various plants enzyme preparation:
Spend ferment, argy wormwood ferment, pineapple ferment, soybean ferment, spirulina ferment, apple ferment by weight 5: 5: 18 monomer tomato ferment, potato ferment, the root of langdu: 15: 15: 10: mix at 0.25: 0.2, standby;
B. the preparation of composite trace element:
With potassium primary phosphate, sal epsom, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate by weight 75: 52: 3: mix at 1.5: 1, standby;
C. choosing of zeolite: not leaded in the zeolite of choosing, cadmium, arsenic, the silicate weight content is more than 60%;
D. the preparation of composite biological agent, carry out successively according to the following steps:
Various plants enzyme preparation, composite trace element, zeolite and water are prepared by 13.2%, 0.7%, 19.9%, 66.2% weight percent;
All pour into the water of preparing in fermentor tank;
1/2 of the composite trace element weight prepared is dropped in fermentor tank, stirred 30 minutes;
1/2 of the zeolite weight prepared is dropped in fermentor tank, stirred 20 minutes;
1/2 and remaining composite trace element of the various plants enzyme preparation weight prepared are dropped in fermentor tank, stirred 30 minutes;
After 1 day, remaining various plants enzyme preparation and zeolite are dropped in fermentor tank, stirred 30 minutes;
Under 40~45 ℃, continuously fermented 30 days, stirred every day 30 minutes, complete fermentation for the first time;
With the product standing 30 days again of fermentation for the first time, to filter, the filtrate that obtains is composite biological agent.
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CN101284739A (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2008-10-15 | 庞纯凯 | Biological leaf fertilizer |
CN102010256B (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2013-07-03 | 徐维康 | Ferment biological organic liquid fertilizer for aquaculture and preparation method thereof |
CN102010240B (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2013-10-16 | 徐维康 | Plant enzyme foliar fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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