CN114149808A - Soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving proportion of middle-grade and high-grade tobacco leaves and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and high-grade tobacco leaves and a preparation method thereof. The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of decomposed seaweed, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of shell powder, 20-30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 10-20 parts of fermented mushroom residue, 5-10 parts of vinasse, 5-20 parts of charcoal, 5-10 parts of waste tobacco shreds and 1-5 parts of auxiliary materials. The invention also provides a preparation method of the soil conditioner. The soil conditioner disclosed by the invention can be used for adjusting physicochemical properties such as the pH value of soil, improving the soil microecology and improving rhizosphere microflora, so that rhizosphere microenvironment is not beneficial to the growth of bacterial wilt pathogenic bacteria, bacterial wilt can be prevented and controlled from the source, the incidence rates of bacterial wilt in a vigorous growing period, a topping period and a picking and baking period of tobacco can be obviously reduced, the balance of nutrients can be adjusted, the yield of tobacco leaves and the proportion of medium and high-grade tobacco leaves can be increased, and the economic benefit can be increased.

Description

Soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving proportion of middle-grade and high-grade tobacco leaves and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of special fertilizers for tobacco, and particularly relates to a soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and high-grade tobacco leaves.

Background

The tobacco bacterial wilt is a destructive soil-borne disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Smith, pathogenic bacteria of the Ralstonia solanacearum have chemotaxis, motility and wide host range, the initial part of the disease is generally at the root, the disease rapidly expands under the proper environmental condition, and the tobacco leaves can be reduced in yield, the quality of the tobacco leaves is reduced, and even the tobacco leaves are not harvested. The pathogenic ralstonia solanacearum can survive for years in the environment and invade a host through a micro wound of a plant root system to cause withering of plant leaves and rot and blackening of vascular bundles, and finally death of the plant is caused.

The tobacco bacterial wilt is mainly caused by continuous cropping, chemical fertilizer abuse, improper farm work operation and the like, so that soil is slightly acidic, the microenvironment of the soil is damaged, plants are susceptible to diseases, the occurrence of the diseases is promoted, and serious loss is caused. At present, no fertilizer specially aiming at preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and high-grade tobacco leaves exists in the prior art, the morbidity is reduced mainly by using a chemical bactericide, and the use of the chemical bactericide can cause the drug resistance of the tobacco, so that the using amount of the chemical bactericide needs to be increased, but the prevention effect is very little, and in addition, pesticide residue can be caused to influence the quality of the tobacco leaves and the environmental safety.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and high-grade tobacco leaves and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the method for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt by adopting a chemical bactericide in the prior art has large dosage and low control efficiency, and pesticide residue is caused to influence the quality of the tobacco leaves and the environmental safety.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:

in one aspect, the soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and upper tobacco leaves comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of decomposed seaweed, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of shell powder, 20-30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 10-20 parts of fermented mushroom residue, 5-10 parts of vinasse, 5-20 parts of charcoal, 5-10 parts of waste tobacco shreds and 1-5 parts of auxiliary materials.

According to the invention, the livestock and poultry manure, the thoroughly decomposed seaweed and the biochar are reasonably matched, the soybean meal, the potassium humate, the shell powder and the waste tobacco shreds are added, under the action of the fermented mushroom residues, the vinasse and the auxiliary materials, the raw materials interact with each other, promote each other and supplement each other, and when the composite biological.

As a preferred embodiment, the moisture content of the decomposed seaweed is 50-60%. The invention adopts the decomposed seaweed as the raw material, the decomposed seaweed can be decomposed seaweed slag, and the control of the water content of the decomposed seaweed is beneficial to the preparation of the soil conditioner and convenient for storage and transportation.

In a preferred embodiment, the decomposed seaweed is any one or more of decomposed kelp, decomposed gulfweed, decomposed ciliate desert algae, decomposed eucheuma, decomposed ulva pertusa, decomposed enteromorpha, decomposed asparagus, decomposed leafy algae and decomposed hemerocallis. The algae is low-grade cryptogam plants growing in intertidal zones of coastal regions, has high growth speed, simple structure and strong adaptability, and can be fully developed and utilized; the seaweed fertilizer based on seaweed active substances contains a large amount of non-nitrogenous organic matters, more than 40 mineral elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iodine and the like, abundant vitamins, seaweed polysaccharide, alginic acid, highly unsaturated fatty acid and various natural plant growth regulators which are peculiar to seaweed, and can generate beneficial effects on plant growth and soil improvement; the seaweed fertilizer taking seaweed as a main raw material has remarkable effects on improving the growth and health of crops, can promote the growth and development of plant roots, enhance the absorption capacity of plants to mineral nutrient components, promote the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of plants and promote the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plants.

As a preferred embodiment, the livestock manure is the livestock manure after high-temperature sterilization and drying. The livestock manure after high-temperature sterilization and drying is the livestock manure which is sterilized at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 110 ℃ for 20-40min, dried to constant weight at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ and crushed and sieved; the livestock and poultry manure is subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying, has low water content, is convenient to store, is subjected to sterilization treatment, removes strains harmful to crop growth, is rich in nutrient components, is safe to use, has good particle form, is convenient to process soil conditioner, and eliminates potential safety hazards.

As a preferred embodiment, the livestock and poultry manure is any one or more of cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure and horse manure. The livestock manure is an organic fertilizer and contains rich microorganisms, and the livestock manure is effectively matched with the biochar and the decomposed seaweed, so that the nutrient components of the soil conditioner are greatly enriched, the nutrients of the soil conditioner are balanced, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, the tobacco yield is increased, the proportion of middle and high-grade tobacco leaves is increased, and the economic benefit is increased.

As a preferred embodiment, the water content of the fermented mushroom dregs is 50-60%. The fermented mushroom residues provide abundant strains for the soil conditioner, the strains are green and safe, the micro-ecology of the soil can be effectively improved, the microbial flora of the tobacco rhizosphere is improved, and the rhizosphere microenvironment is not beneficial to the growth of bacterial wilt pathogenic bacteria.

In a preferred embodiment, the distiller's grains are distiller's grains of white spirit. The vinasse is residue left after brewing the wine by rice, wheat, sorghum and the like, not only contains grain concentrate in a certain proportion, but also contains rich crude protein, and simultaneously contains various trace elements, vitamins, saccharomycetes and the like, the content of lysine, methionine and tryptophan is also high, and the nutrient balance of the soil conditioner is further improved under the action of the vinasse.

As a preferred embodiment, the biochar is any one or more of tobacco stalk biochar, corn stalk biochar, wheat stalk biochar, soybean stalk biochar, straw stalk biochar and sorghum stalk biochar. The biochar disclosed by the invention contains rich organic matters and a developed pore structure, and can promote soil to form large aggregates, so that the adsorption and maintenance of nutrient ions by the soil are increased, and the nutrient effectiveness and the nutrient absorption by plants are remarkably promoted. In addition, the biochar has extremely large surface area and more nutrient components, and can be used as a microbial carrier. The invention preferably uses the tobacco straw biochar, the tobacco straw has a plurality of gaps and loose texture, the biochar contains necessary nutrient components of tobacco, and the obtained biochar has better comprehensive performance.

As a preferred embodiment, the auxiliary material is any one or more of bentonite, kaolin, talcum powder and attapulgite. The auxiliary material is used for enriching the components of the soil conditioner, so that the structure of soil is improved, and the growth of tobacco is promoted; the auxiliary materials are green and environment-friendly, and have good use performance.

In another aspect, the preparation method of the soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle-grade and high-grade tobacco leaves comprises the following steps: 1) putting decomposed seaweed, bean pulp, potassium humate, shell powder, livestock and poultry manure, fermented mushroom residue, vinasse, biochar, waste cut tobacco and auxiliary materials into a mixer, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; 2) adding the mixture obtained in the step 1) into a granulation roller, granulating, drying, cooling, screening and packaging to obtain the soil conditioner.

The preparation method of the soil conditioner is simple to operate, easy to implement, free of special requirements on equipment, mild in conditions and easy to realize industrialization; the soil conditioner obtained by the method has good particle shape, is convenient for fertilizing, and is easy to store and transport. The soil conditioner of the present invention is typically applied by pond application.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the livestock and poultry manure, the thoroughly decomposed seaweed and the biochar are reasonably matched, the soybean meal, the potassium humate, the shell powder and the waste tobacco shreds are added, under the action of the fermented mushroom residues, the vinasse and the auxiliary materials, the raw materials interact with each other, promote each other and supplement each other, and when the composite biological. The preparation method of the soil conditioner is simple to operate, easy to implement, free of special requirements for equipment, mild in conditions and easy to realize industrialization; the soil conditioner obtained by the method has good particle shape, is convenient for fertilization, is easy to store and transport, and is generally fertilized by a pond application method.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention relates to a soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and high-grade tobacco leaves, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of decomposed seaweed, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of shell powder, 20-30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 10-20 parts of fermented mushroom residue, 5-10 parts of vinasse, 5-20 parts of charcoal, 5-10 parts of waste tobacco shreds and 1-5 parts of auxiliary materials.

Preferably, the moisture content of the decomposed seaweed is 50-60%.

Preferably, the decomposed seaweed is any one or more of decomposed kelp, decomposed gulfweed, decomposed centipede algae, decomposed eucheuma, decomposed ulva pertusa, decomposed enteromorpha, decomposed asparagus, decomposed paulownia and decomposed hemerocallis.

Preferably, the livestock and poultry manure is subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying.

Preferably, the livestock and poultry manure is any one or more of cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure and horse manure.

Preferably, the water content of the fermented mushroom dregs is 50-60%.

Preferably, the vinasse is white spirit vinasse.

Preferably, the biochar is any one or more of tobacco straw biochar, corn straw biochar, wheat straw biochar, soybean straw biochar, straw biochar and sorghum straw biochar.

Preferably, the auxiliary material is any one or more of bentonite, kaolin, talcum powder and attapulgite.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and high-grade tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:

1) putting decomposed seaweed, bean pulp, potassium humate, shell powder, livestock and poultry manure, fermented mushroom residue, vinasse, biochar, waste cut tobacco and auxiliary materials into a mixer, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;

2) adding the mixture obtained in the step 1) into a granulation roller, granulating, drying, cooling, screening and packaging to obtain the soil conditioner.

Example one

The invention relates to a preparation method of a soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and high-grade tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:

1) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of decomposed seaweed, 15 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of potassium humate, 15 parts of shell powder, 20 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 10 parts of fermented mushroom residue, 10 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of charcoal, 5 parts of waste tobacco shreds and 1 part of auxiliary materials;

wherein the auxiliary material is bentonite, the water content of the decomposed seaweed is 50%, the decomposed seaweed is decomposed gulfweed, the livestock and poultry manure is cow dung which is sterilized and dried at high temperature, the water content of the fermented mushroom residue is 60%, the vinasse is white spirit vinasse, and the biochar is tobacco straw biochar;

2) putting the decomposed seaweed, the bean pulp, the potassium humate, the shell powder, the livestock and poultry manure, the fermented mushroom residue, the vinasse, the biochar, the waste tobacco shreds and the auxiliary materials into a mixer, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;

3) adding the mixture obtained in the step 2) into a granulation roller, granulating, drying, cooling, screening and packaging to obtain the soil conditioner.

Example two

The invention relates to a preparation method of a soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and high-grade tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:

1) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of decomposed seaweed, 13 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of potassium humate, 12 parts of shell powder, 25 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15 parts of fermented mushroom residue, 8 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of charcoal, 8 parts of waste tobacco shreds and 3 parts of auxiliary materials;

wherein the auxiliary material is kaolin, the water content of the decomposed seaweed is 60%, the decomposed seaweed is decomposed enteromorpha, the livestock and poultry manure is pig manure after high-temperature sterilization and drying, the water content of the fermented mushroom residue is 50%, the vinasse is white spirit vinasse, and the biochar is corn straw biochar;

2) putting the decomposed seaweed, the bean pulp, the potassium humate, the shell powder, the livestock and poultry manure, the fermented mushroom residue, the vinasse, the biochar, the waste tobacco shreds and the auxiliary materials into a mixer, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;

3) adding the mixture obtained in the step 2) into a granulation roller, granulating, drying, cooling, screening and packaging to obtain the soil conditioner.

EXAMPLE III

The invention relates to a preparation method of a soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and high-grade tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:

1) weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of decomposed seaweed, 10 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of shell powder, 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20 parts of fermented mushroom residue, 5 parts of vinasse, 20 parts of charcoal, 10 parts of waste tobacco shreds and 5 parts of auxiliary materials;

wherein the auxiliary material is attapulgite, the water content of the decomposed seaweed is 55%, the decomposed seaweed is decomposed phyllocladium nodosum, the livestock and poultry manure is chicken manure after high-temperature sterilization and drying, the water content of the fermented mushroom residue is 55%, and the biochar is sorghum straw biochar;

2) putting the decomposed seaweed, the bean pulp, the potassium humate, the shell powder, the livestock and poultry manure, the fermented mushroom residue, the vinasse, the biochar, the waste tobacco shreds and the auxiliary materials into a mixer, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;

3) adding the mixture obtained in the step 2) into a granulation roller, granulating, drying, cooling, screening and packaging to obtain the soil conditioner.

Experiment 1

Three parts of the soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and high-grade tobacco leaves obtained in the first to third embodiments of the invention are taken for field test, a certain commercially available organic fertilizer special for tobacco is taken as a control sample, and a blank sample without applying the organic fertilizer is taken as a blank sample, and the three parts are respectively used for tobacco planting test.

The test site is a certain field with serious tobacco bacterial wilt in north of Tengchong city in Baoshan city of Yunnan province, conventionally turning the field and ridging, and averagely dividing the field into five parts, wherein each part is 0.5 mu, and one part is not applied with organic fertilizer, and only is applied with a special compound fertilizer for tobacco as a blank sample; the other four parts are respectively applied with the soil conditioner and a certain commercially available organic fertilizer special for tobacco on the basis of conventionally applied compound fertilizer special for tobacco.

And (3) applying fertilizers by adopting a pond application method, and respectively uniformly mixing the three soil conditioners for preventing and treating the tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and high-grade tobacco leaves and a certain commercially available special tobacco organic fertilizer with the special tobacco compound fertilizer into a pond before transplanting the tobacco plants.

The fertilizing amount of the soil conditioner and the commercially available special tobacco organic fertilizer is 40 Kg/mu, and the special tobacco compound fertilizer is applied according to the normal application amount; the tobacco variety tested was K326.

The tobacco plants are transplanted by the same method, and field management is carried out according to local production technical specifications after the tobacco plants are transplanted.

In the tobacco growth process, the incidence rates of bacterial wilt in the vigorous growth period, the topping period and the collecting and baking period are respectively recorded, the average incidence rate of bacterial wilt in the whole growth process of tobacco is counted, and the experimental results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 statistics of the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt

Sample name	Wangcheng (%)	Topping period (%)	Pluck roast period (%)	Mean incidence (%)
					Example one	5	1	0	1.65
Example two	3	0	2	1.54
					EXAMPLE III	4	0	2	1.78
Control sample	8	4	12	6.83
					Blank sample	9	8	10	9.00

As can be seen from Table 1, when the three soil conditioners for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and upper-grade tobacco leaves are used in the tobacco planting process, the incidence rates of the bacterial wilt of the tobacco in the vigorous growth period, the topping period and the baking period can be obviously reduced, and the average incidence rate of the bacterial wilt of the tobacco in the whole growth process is also obviously reduced. Moreover, the performances of the soil conditioner for preventing and treating the tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of the middle and upper-grade tobacco leaves in the aspect of preventing and treating the morbidity of the tobacco bacterial wilt are superior to those of the existing special organic fertilizer for certain commercially available tobacco.

Experiment 2

On the basis of experiment 1, the fertilizer application amount of the soil conditioner and the commercially available organic fertilizer special for tobacco is adjusted to 80 Kg/mu, other conditions are unchanged, the field test is carried out again, and the experimental results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 statistics of the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt after increasing the amount of fertilizer applied

Sample name	Wangcheng (%)	Topping period (%)	Pluck roast period (%)	Mean incidence (%)
					Example one	4	0	0	1.32
Example two	3	1	0	1.28
					EXAMPLE III	4	1	0	1.64
Control sample	6	4	7	5.68
					Blank sample	9	8	10	9.00

As can be seen from Table 2, the three soil conditioners for controlling tobacco bacterial wilt and increasing the proportion of middle and upper tobacco leaves can also obviously reduce the incidence of bacterial wilt of tobacco in the vigorous growth period, the topping period and the picking and baking period and also obviously reduce the average incidence of bacterial wilt of tobacco in the whole growth process after the fertilizing amount is increased. The soil conditioner for preventing and treating the tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of the middle and upper-grade tobacco leaves improves the performance of the soil conditioner in the aspect of preventing and treating the morbidity of the tobacco bacterial wilt after increasing the fertilizing amount. Moreover, the performance of the three parts of the soil conditioner for preventing and treating the tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of the middle and upper-grade tobacco leaves in the aspect of preventing and treating the disease incidence rate of the tobacco bacterial wilt is still superior to that of the existing organic fertilizer special for certain tobacco sold in the market.

Experiment 3

And (3) harvesting the tobacco leaves obtained in the experiment 1 according to a conventional method, baking and grading. Respectively counting the proportion of the first-class tobacco leaves and the medium tobacco leaves, calculating the yield per mu of the tobacco leaves, and counting the yield per mu of the tobacco leaves. The results of the experiment are shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 tobacco quality statistics table

As can be seen from Table 3, when the three soil conditioners for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and upper tobacco leaves are used in the tobacco planting process, the proportion of middle and upper tobacco leaves can be obviously improved, and simultaneously, the per mu yield of the tobacco leaves is improved, so that the per mu yield of the tobacco leaves is improved. Moreover, the three parts of the soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and upper-grade tobacco leaves is superior to the existing special organic fertilizer for certain tobacco sold in the market in the aspect of improving the proportion and mu yield of the middle and upper-grade tobacco leaves.

Experiment 4

TABLE 4 tobacco quality statistics Table after increasing fertilizing amount

And (3) harvesting, baking and grading the tobacco leaves obtained in the experiment 2 according to the method in the experiment 3. Respectively and statistically calculating the proportion of the first-class tobacco leaves and the medium tobacco leaves, calculating the yield per mu of the tobacco leaves, and counting the yield per mu of the tobacco leaves. The results of the experiment are shown in table 4.

As can be seen from Table 4, the three soil conditioners for controlling tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and upper tobacco leaves of the invention can obviously improve the proportion of middle and upper tobacco leaves after increasing the fertilizing amount, and simultaneously improve the per mu yield of the tobacco leaves, thereby improving the per mu yield of the tobacco leaves. Meanwhile, the soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and high grade tobacco leaves improves the performance of the soil conditioner in the aspects of improving the proportion of the middle and high grade tobacco leaves and the per mu yield after increasing the fertilizing amount. Moreover, the three parts of the soil conditioner for preventing and treating the tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of the middle and upper-grade tobacco leaves is superior to the existing organic fertilizer special for certain tobacco sold in the market in the aspect of improving the proportion of the middle and upper-grade tobacco leaves and the yield per mu.

Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the livestock and poultry manure, the decomposed seaweed and the biochar are reasonably matched, the soybean meal, the potassium humate, the shell powder and the waste tobacco shreds are added, under the action of the fermented mushroom residues, the vinasse and the auxiliary materials, the raw materials interact with each other, promote each other and supplement each other, and when the composite biological. The preparation method of the soil conditioner is simple to operate, easy to implement, free of special requirements for equipment, mild in conditions and easy to realize industrialization; the soil conditioner obtained by the method has good particle shape, is convenient for fertilization, is easy to store and transport, and is generally fertilized by a pond application method.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. The soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and high-grade tobacco leaves is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

10-15 parts of decomposed seaweed, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of shell powder, 20-30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 10-20 parts of fermented mushroom residue, 5-10 parts of vinasse, 5-20 parts of charcoal, 5-10 parts of waste tobacco shreds and 1-5 parts of auxiliary materials.

2. The soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving proportion of middle-grade and superior tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the water content of the decomposed seaweed is 50-60%.

3. The soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving proportion of middle-grade and superior tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the decomposed seaweed is any one or more of decomposed kelp, decomposed gulfweed, decomposed centipede algae, decomposed eucheuma, decomposed ulva pertusa, decomposed enteromorpha, decomposed asparagus, decomposed paulownia algae and decomposed hemerocallis.

4. The soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving proportion of middle-grade and superior tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the livestock and poultry manure is subjected to high-temperature sterilization and drying.

5. The soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving proportion of middle-grade and superior tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the livestock and poultry manure is any one or more of cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure and horse manure.

6. The soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving proportion of middle-grade and superior tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the water content of the fermented mushroom residue is 55-65%.

7. The soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving proportion of middle-grade and superior tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the distiller's grains are Chinese liquor distiller's grains.

8. The soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving proportion of middle-grade and superior tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the biochar is any one or more of tobacco straw biochar, corn straw biochar, wheat straw biochar, soybean straw biochar, straw biochar and sorghum straw biochar.

9. The soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving proportion of middle-grade and superior tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the auxiliary material is one or more of bentonite, kaolin, talcum powder and attapulgite.

10. The preparation method of the soil conditioner for preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and improving the proportion of middle and upper tobacco leaves according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

1) putting decomposed seaweed, bean pulp, potassium humate, shell powder, livestock and poultry manure, fermented mushroom residue, vinasse, biochar, waste cut tobacco and auxiliary materials into a mixer, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;

2) adding the mixture obtained in the step 1) into a granulation roller, granulating, drying, cooling, screening and packaging to obtain the soil conditioner.