CN116253600B - Organic fertilizer and method for promoting vegetable growth and/or preventing and controlling vegetable diseases - Google Patents

Organic fertilizer and method for promoting vegetable growth and/or preventing and controlling vegetable diseases Download PDF

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CN116253600B
CN116253600B CN202211524278.XA CN202211524278A CN116253600B CN 116253600 B CN116253600 B CN 116253600B CN 202211524278 A CN202211524278 A CN 202211524278A CN 116253600 B CN116253600 B CN 116253600B
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organic fertilizer
vegetable
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soil
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CN116253600A (en
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杨佩文
李铭刚
申云鑫
赵江源
冯路遥
唐蜀昆
施竹凤
李建宇
孔垂思
刘晓迪
王楠
梁松国
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Yunnan University YNU
Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Yunnan University YNU
Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07—Bacillus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to an organic fertilizer and a method for promoting vegetable growth and/or preventing and controlling vegetable diseases. The organic fertilizer provided by the invention takes the production byproducts or wastes such as turf, decomposed cow dung, oil cake and the like as main raw materials, and by the cooperation of the components, the soil microecology condition suitable for vegetable growth is easily formed, the microbial diversity of vegetable rhizosphere soil is improved, and healthy soil microecology is constructed, so that the vegetable growth is promoted, the vegetable yield is improved, and the organic fertilizer has a good control effect on vegetable soil-borne diseases. After the Siamese bacillus is added into the organic fertilizer, the effect is further improved.

Description

Organic fertilizer and method for promoting vegetable growth and/or preventing and controlling vegetable diseases
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to an organic fertilizer and a method for promoting vegetable growth and/or preventing and controlling vegetable diseases.
Background
The yield increase and disease prevention and control of vegetables are one of important influencing factors for controlling the yield and quality of vegetables in the vegetable planting process, and the scientific, green and sustainable vegetable control mode has positive significance for a plurality of aspects of increasing income of farmers, food safety, environmental protection and the like. In the current vegetable planting process, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are still mainly relied on for disease control, yield increase management and the like. However, chemical fertilizers and pesticides have found very limited effectiveness in vegetable production in production practice. Moreover, a great deal of researches show that improper use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides not only has poor disease control and yield increase effects on vegetables, but also can further cause problems of land force reduction, soil nutrient loss, environmental pollution and the like, thereby causing continuous year reduction of vegetable yield and quality and forming vicious circle. On the other hand, with the development of economy, the food safety concept of consumers is gradually enhanced, the requirements on food safety are also higher and higher, and the problems of pesticide residue, chemical fertilizer ripening and the like are more and more concerned. Therefore, there is a need to develop more efficient, environment-friendly, green, safe yield-increasing and disease-preventing products for vegetable production, thereby satisfying the great demands of the market for fresh high-quality vegetables and eliminating the concerns of consumers about food safety hazards.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an organic fertilizer and a method for promoting vegetable growth and/or preventing and controlling vegetable diseases, aiming at solving the problems that chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the prior art have poor effect, high environmental protection risk, are easy to cause soil activity and nutrition loss, cannot meet the requirements of consumers on food safety and the like in the vegetable planting process. The organic fertilizer provided by the invention can effectively improve the vegetable yield, has a better disease control effect, and can further improve the promotion effect on the disease resistance and the production performance of vegetable plants when being matched with the bacillus siamensis.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides an organic fertilizer comprising:
component 1: optionally Siamese bacillus;
component 2: turf, thoroughly decomposed cow dung and oil cake;
and (3) a component 3: lime, borax, potassium phosphite, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate;
wherein, the content of the component 1 in the organic fertilizer is 0-1 wt%;
the content of component 2 is 80-90 wt%;
the content of component 3 is 10-20 wt.%.
The second aspect of the invention provides a Siamese bacillus and/or the application of the organic fertilizer in promoting vegetable growth and/or preventing and controlling vegetable diseases.
In a third aspect the present invention provides a method for promoting vegetable growth and/or controlling vegetable diseases, said method comprising applying bacillus siamensis, or an organic fertilizer according to the first aspect, to soil.
Through the technical scheme, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The organic fertilizer provided by the invention can effectively improve soil fertility, improve soil quality, and is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops, thereby improving crop yield and quality. Further researches show that the biological organic fertilizer has good effect of promoting vegetable growth, can improve vegetable yield, and can effectively solve the problems that the existing method for carrying out field management by adopting chemical fertilizers and pesticides has poor effect of preventing and controlling vegetable diseases or promoting the growth or can not realize continuous disease prevention or continuous promotion of vegetable growth. The organic fertilizer has a synergistic effect when being used together with the microbial agents such as Siamese bacillus and the like, and can further improve the yield increase and disease control effects on vegetables.
(2) The organic fertilizer provided by the invention adopts food production waste as a main raw material, and has the characteristics of wide raw material source, low cost, green and environment-friendly property and simple preparation method. Meanwhile, the production and application of the bio-organic fertilizer can promote the recycling of wastes and the sustainable development of agricultural production, is beneficial to promoting the adjustment of an industrial structure, and has positive significance for the improvement of the total agricultural yield and the income increase of farmers.
Preservation of organisms
The Siamese bacillus adopted by the invention is classified and named Bacillus siamensis SH-1439, and is preserved in China center for type culture collection (China) for 6-month 20 days, and has the address of eight paths 299 of Wuchang district of Wuhan, hubei province, and the preservation number of CCTCC NO: m2022925.
Detailed Description
The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
In the invention, the Siamese bacillus SH-1439 and the Siamese bacillus CCTCC NO: m2022925 is the same strain, both of which are synonymous, and their names (numbers) are used interchangeably.
In the present invention, "optional" means that the component belongs to an optional component, and a person skilled in the art can choose whether to add the component according to the actual situation. In the technical scheme provided by the invention, the purpose of the invention (such as promoting vegetable growth, preventing vegetable diseases, improving soil fertility, improving soil quality and the like) can be realized without adding an optional component, and the effect can be further improved if the optional component is added.
The inventor of the invention separates and obtains a strain of Siamese bacillus (Bacillus siamensis) in the research process, which is named SH-1439 and is preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) in 2022, 6 months and 20 days, wherein the preservation number is CCTCC NO: m2022925. The research shows that the strain has better capabilities of phosphate dissolution, potassium dissolution, nitrogen fixation and indoleacetic acid (IAA) production, and has good antagonism on bacteria causing vegetable diseases.
The inventor of the invention also discovers in the research that the biological organic fertilizer prepared by mixing turf with proper amount of decomposed cow dung, oil cake and the like according to a certain proportion is applied to soil, so that the content of effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil can be effectively improved, the soil fertility is improved, the conversion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant rhizosphere and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are promoted, and the use amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced. In addition, the application of the bio-organic fertilizer can also improve the biological index of soil, adjust the micro-nutrient structure of the soil and promote the formation of the micro-ecological condition of the soil which is beneficial to the healthy growth of crops, especially for vegetables, the application of the bio-organic fertilizer can promote the growth of vegetable plants and improve the yield of vegetables. Moreover, the bio-organic fertilizer has good control effect on vegetable diseases, especially vegetable diseases caused by bacteria.
Through further research, the inventor skillfully discovers that when the bacillus siamensis SH-1439 is applied to the soil for planting vegetables alone or together with the organic fertilizer with the formula, the soil microenvironment can be improved, the soil fertility is improved, the absorption of the vegetables to nutrients in the soil is promoted, the growth of the vegetables is effectively promoted, the resistance of the vegetables to bacterial diseases (especially the root rot caused by bacteria) is improved more permanently, and the control effect is better.
Based on the above findings, the present invention provides, in one aspect, an organic fertilizer comprising:
component 1: optionally Siamese bacillus;
component 2: turf, thoroughly decomposed cow dung and oil cake;
and (3) a component 3: lime, borax, potassium phosphite, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate;
wherein, the content of the component 1 in the organic fertilizer is 0-1 wt%;
the content of component 2 is 80-90 wt%;
the content of component 3 is 10-20 wt.%.
Namely, the formula of the bio-organic fertilizer provided by the invention is any one of the following:
(1) Bacillus siamese, turf, decomposed cow dung, oil cake, lime, borax, potassium phosphite, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate;
(2) Turf, decomposed cow dung, oil cake, lime, borax, potassium phosphite, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic fertilizer contains component 2 in an amount of 80 to 85% by weight.
Preferably, in component 2, the weight ratio of turf, decomposed cow dung and oil cake is 1-10:1. Preferably 1-5:3-8:1. More preferably 3-5:4-6:1.
More preferably, in component 2, the weight ratio of grass carbon to decomposed cow dung is 0.5-1.5:1. Preferably 0.5-1:1. More preferably 0.7-1:1.
In the invention, the decomposed cow dung is prepared by decomposing dry cow dung, and the preparation method can comprise the steps of adding sufficient water (controlled at about 40-65%) into the dry cow dung, piling up the dry cow dung, and then sealing and fermenting. When the material turns black brown, the temperature starts to drop to normal temperature, and the fermentation is successful.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic fertilizer contains component 3 in an amount of 15 to 20% by weight.
Preferably, in component 3, the weight ratio of lime, borax, potassium phosphite, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate is 100-150:1-10:1-5:1.
More preferably, in component 3, the weight ratio of lime to zinc sulphate is 120-140:1. Preferably 130-140:1.
More preferably, in component 3, the weight ratio of borax to zinc sulfate is 5-10:1. Preferably 6-8:1.
More preferably, in component 3, the weight ratio of potassium phosphite to zinc sulfate is 2-8:1. Preferably 4-6:1.
More preferably, in component 3, the weight ratio of copper sulfate to zinc sulfate is 1-3:1. Preferably 1-2:1.
In the present invention, the raw materials (such as turf, decomposed cow dung, oil cake, etc.) used as the above bio-organic fertilizer are not particularly limited, and may be any related products that can be used in the art to prepare bio-organic fertilizers, either commercially available related products or related products that are prepared by themselves according to the prior art.
The inventors found in the study that the growth promoting effect and disease control effect of the obtained bio-organic fertilizer are better when specific raw materials are adopted. Thus, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the grass carbon has a moisture content of 10-15% by weight. Preferably 10-13% by weight.
Preferably, the turf has an organic matter content of 30-60 wt% and a humic acid content of 20-40 wt% on a dry matter basis; nitrogen content (in terms of N) of 1.5-2.5 wt%, and phosphorus content (in terms of P 2 O 5 0.1 to 0.5 wt.%, potassium content (in K) 2 O) is 0.1 to 2% by weight.
More preferably, the turf has an organic matter content of 40-50 wt% and a humic acid content of 20-30 wt% on a dry matter basis; the nitrogen content is 1.5-2 wt%, the phosphorus content is 0.2-0.4 wt%, and the potassium content is 1-2 wt%.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the moisture content of the decomposed cow dung is 10-15% by weight. Preferably 10-13% by weight.
Preferably, the decomposed cow dung contains organic matter 10-20wt%, humic acid 0.1-0.5wt%, nitrogen (N) 0.1-0.5wt%, and phosphorus (P) 2 O 5 0.1 to 0.5 wt.%, potassium content (in K) 2 O) is 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.
More preferably, the decomposed cow dung contains 12-18 wt% of organic matter, 0.2-0.4 wt% of humic acid, 0.3-0.45 wt% of nitrogen, 0.15-0.25 wt% of phosphorus and 0.1-0.15 wt% of potassium based on dry matter.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the water content in the oil cake is 10-20 wt%. Preferably 12-16 wt%.
Preferably, the oil cake is at least one selected from bean cake, rapeseed cake, sesame cake, oil tea cake and peanut cake. Namely, the oil cake is residues left after edible oil is squeezed by soybean, rapeseed, sesame, oil tea, peanut and the like.
Preferably, the oil cake is a rapeseed cake.
Preferably, the oil cake has an organic matter content of 60-85 wt%, humic acid content of 10-20 wt%, crude protein content of 50-65 wt%, crude fiber content of 5-10 wt%, nitrogen content (calculated as N) of 1-7 wt%, and phosphorus content (calculated as P) 2 O 5 0.4-5 wt%, potassium content (K) 2 O) is 0.5 to 5% by weight.
More preferably, in the oil cake, the organic matter content is 60-65 wt%, the humic acid content is 15-20 wt%, the crude protein content is 60-65 wt%, the crude fiber content is 5-8 wt%, the nitrogen content is 4-6 wt%, the phosphorus content is 2-4 wt%, and the potassium content is 1.5-2.5 wt%, based on dry matter.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preservation number of the bacillus siamensis is CCTCC NO: m2022925.
In the present invention, the mode of adding the Siamese bacillus is not particularly limited. Any means of adding biocontrol bacteria to organic fertilizers in the art can be used in the present invention. For example, the bacillus siamensis can be prepared into a microbial inoculum first and then directly added into the organic fertilizer according to a certain proportion, or the microbial inoculum and the organic fertilizer are packaged separately and then mixed or applied together before use. For example, the biological organic fertilizer may be prepared by amplifying and culturing the Siamese bacillus and using the obtained culture solution in a certain ratio. In view of the preparation process and convenience in use, it is preferable to add the same to the aforementioned bio-organic fertilizer in the form of a bacillus siamensis microbial inoculum.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the bacillus siamensis agent is 0.1-1% by weight based on the total weight of the organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the use amount of the Siamese bacillus bacterial agent is such that the content of Siamese bacillus in the organic fertilizer is 1 multiplied by 10 8 -1×10 10 cfu/g. Preferably 1X 10 8 -1×10 9 cfu/g. More preferably 3X 10 8 -8×10 8 cfu/g。
In order to further improve the fertilizer efficiency of the bio-organic fertilizer, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bio-organic fertilizer further contains (a small amount of) auxiliary materials. Preferably, the auxiliary material is at least one selected from nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
In the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer selected as the auxiliary materials, and any of the agents commonly used in the art as the above-mentioned fertilizers may be applied to the present invention. For example, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and the like can be selected as auxiliary materials in the bio-organic fertilizer provided by the invention.
The specific amounts and proportions of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer used as auxiliary materials are not particularly limited in the invention, and can be adjusted correspondingly according to actual conditions (such as the condition of soil in a planting field, the growth condition and the growth characteristics of crops, and the like). According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary material is selected from the group consisting of mixtures of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in such amounts that the weight ratio of N, P to K in the auxiliary material is 1:1-3:3-5.
Preferably, the total content of the auxiliary material is 0.1-3 wt%, preferably 0.1-1 wt%, based on the total weight of the bio-organic fertilizer. More preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.
The invention further provides a preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of mixing turf, decomposed cow dung and oil cake (and auxiliary materials) of the component 2, composting to obtain a basic organic fertilizer, and adding lime, borax, potassium phosphite, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, optional bacillus siamensis (or microbial inoculum thereof) and other raw materials of the component 3 into the basic organic fertilizer according to the dosage ratio, and uniformly mixing.
In the present invention, the specific storage and use form of the bio-organic fertilizer is not particularly limited. Because the raw materials adopted in the bio-organic fertilizer are basically solid, the preparation method only comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the components according to the proportion. Therefore, the bio-organic fertilizer can be directly stored or used in the form of the prepared solid preparation. In consideration of different crops or planting modes and planting conditions, the bio-organic fertilizer can be mixed with a certain amount of water to prepare a preparation in the form of liquid or slurry (suspension) for storage or use.
The second aspect of the invention provides the use of the Siamese bacillus or the organic fertilizer of the first aspect in soil nutrient improvement and/or vegetable growth promotion and/or vegetable disease control.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vegetables are at least one of chinese cabbage, konjak and ginger.
In the present invention, soil nutrient improvement means to increase the content of effective nutrients in soil (i.e., nutrients that can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, such as N, P, K, etc.), to increase biological indexes of soil (e.g., to increase microbial diversity of soil, to increase enzymatic activity in soil, etc.), to improve the microenvironment of soil so as to make it more favorable for plant growth, etc.
In the present invention, promoting the growth of vegetables means increasing the growth rate (for example, plant height, diameter and length increase, leaf growth, etc. over a certain period of time), yield, and quality of vegetables.
In the present invention, controlling vegetable diseases means preventing or reducing occurrence of vegetable diseases, or reducing loss caused by diseases after occurrence of diseases, etc.
Preferably, the vegetable disease is selected from bacterial vegetable diseases, i.e. vegetable diseases caused by bacteria. Preferably a bacterial caused vegetable disease. For example cabbage soft rot, konjak soft rot, ginger blast, etc.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, wherein the pathogen causing the vegetable disease is erwinia carotovora (Erwinia carotovora sub sp.) and/or pseudomonas solanacearum (Pseudomonas solanacearum).
In a third aspect the present invention provides a method for promoting vegetable growth and/or controlling vegetable diseases, said method comprising applying bacillus siamensis, or a bio-organic fertilizer according to the second aspect, to soil.
That is, the above method may include the following several ways:
(1) The bacillus siamensis is directly applied to the soil (the solid microbial inoculum is usually directly applied to the soil, or the bacillus siamensis is cultured and then the culture is applied to the soil, etc.);
(2) Applying a siamese bacillus-free organic fertilizer to soil;
(3) The organic fertilizer containing the Siamese bacillus is applied to the soil.
In the invention, the vegetable is at least one of cabbage, konjak and ginger.
Preferably, the pathogen causing the vegetable disease is erwinia carotovora and/or pseudomonas solanacearum. Preferably, the vegetable diseases are cabbage soft rot caused by erwinia carotovora and/or konjak soft rot, and/or ginger bacterial wilt caused by pseudomonas solanacearum.
The specific characteristics of the Siamese bacillus and the organic fertilizer adopted in the method provided by the invention are as described above and are not described in detail herein.
In the invention, the specific dosage of the Siamese bacillus and the bio-organic fertilizer is not particularly limited, so long as the special dosage can play a role in promoting the growth of vegetables and preventing and controlling vegetable diseases.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein, in the above-mentioned mode (1), the amount of the Bacillus siamensis is not less than 1X 10 10 cfu/strain/time. Preferably 1X 10 10 -1×10 12 cfu/strain/time. The consumption of the Siamese bacillus is calculated according to the application amount of the microbial inoculum or the biological organic fertilizer and the quantity of the Siamese bacillus contained in the microbial inoculum,wherein the liquid microbial inoculum is converted according to 1 g/mL.
The inventor of the invention also discovers in the research that when different vegetables are planted, the consumption of the Siamese bacillus or the organic fertilizer is correspondingly adjusted, so that the yield increase and disease prevention effects of the vegetables can be further improved.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, wherein, for the above-described mode (1):
when applied to cabbage or ginger, the Siamese bacillus is used in an amount of not less than 1×10 11 cfu/strain/time. Preferably 1X 10 11 -1×10 12 cfu/strain/time. More preferably 2X 10 11 -8×10 11 cfu/strain/time. Further preferably 3X 10 11 -6×10 11 cfu/strain/time.
When applied to konjak, the Siamese bacillus is used in an amount of not less than 1X 10 11 cfu/strain/time. Preferably 1X 10 11 -5×10 12 cfu/strain/time. More preferably 5X 10 11 -1×10 12 cfu/strain/time. Further preferably 6X 10 11 -9×10 11 cfu/strain/time.
The biological organic fertilizer and the Siamese bacillus have a synergistic effect when being used together, so that in the mode (1), the use amount of the Siamese bacillus can be properly increased compared with the use amount of the Siamese bacillus applied along with the organic fertilizer in the mode (3) in order to obtain a better effect.
Preferably, for the above-described mode (3):
when applied to cabbage or ginger, the organic fertilizer is applied in an amount such that the amount of Bacillus siamensis is not less than 1×10 10 cfu/strain/time. Preferably 1X 10 10 -5×10 11 cfu/strain/time. More preferably 5X 10 10 -3×10 11 cfu/strain/time. Further preferably 6X 10 10 -1.5×10 11 cfu/strain/time.
When applied to konjak, the organic fertilizer is applied in an amount such that the amount of Siamese bacillus is not less than 5×10 10 cfu/strain/time. Preferably 5X 10 10 -5×10 11 cfu/strain/time. More preferably 1X 10 11 -3×10 11 cfu/strain/time. Further preferably 1X 10 11 -2×10 11 cfu/strain/time.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, wherein, for the above-mentioned modes (2) and (3), the organic fertilizer is applied to vegetable planting soil in an amount of 100 to 300 kg/mu/time. For example, the ratio may be 100 kg/mu/time, 120 kg/mu/time, 150 kg/mu/time, 180 kg/mu/time, 200 kg/mu/time, 220 kg/mu/time, 250 kg/mu/time, 280 kg/mu/time, 300 kg/mu/time, or any intermediate value between any two of the above values.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the application frequency of the bacillus siamensis or organic fertilizer is 1 to 3 times per crop.
In order to obtain better yield increase and disease prevention effects of vegetables, according to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, when the bacillus siamensis or the bio-organic fertilizer is applied to the cabbages, the application frequency may be 10-30 days apart, and 1-2 times per crop.
When the Siamese bacillus or the bio-organic fertilizer is applied to konjak, the application frequency can be 1-3 times of application per stubble. Preferably, it is applied once 10-15 days before planting and 1-2 times during growth.
When the Siamese bacillus or the bio-organic fertilizer is applied to ginger, the application frequency can be 1-3 times per stubble. Preferably, the application is carried out once at a seedling height of 30-35cm and 1-2 times at an expansion period.
The present invention will be described in detail by examples. It should be understood that the following examples are provided for further explanation and illustration of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The turf used in this example was peat soil and humus soil (weight ratio: 6:4), decomposed cow dung was purchased from Jiangsu Dirun organic fertilizer science and technology Co., ltd, and oil cake was collected from waste oil cake (component of rapeseed cake) produced in the production process of Kunming Mingxi oil mill. The microbial inoculum is a solid microbial inoculum prepared by expanding and drying Siamese bacillus SH-1464 (the acquisition method is shown in CN202211189773. X), wherein the Siamese bacillus is a strainThe bacterial content is 3 multiplied by 10 11 cfu/g. The auxiliary materials are prepared by urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein the weight ratio of N, P, K is 8:16:26.
The results of the detection of the ingredients of the raw materials used for the preparation of the basic organic fertilizer are shown in Table 1, wherein the organic matter content is determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the humic acid content is determined by sodium pyrophosphate lye extraction, the nitrogen content (in N) is determined by Kjeldahl method, and the phosphorus content (in P 2 O 5 Meter) measured by molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method, potassium content (K) 2 O meter) was measured using a flame photometer. The water content in the detection result is calculated by taking the total weight of the material as a reference, and the rest components are calculated by taking dry matters in the material as a reference.
TABLE 1 basic organic fertilizer Material composition
Grass carbon, decomposed cow dung, oil cake and auxiliary materials (namely component 2) are taken according to the formula in the table 2, then the materials are mixed and piled, and the piled materials are tightly sealed by mud. The moisture content in the compost materials is controlled to be 45+/-5% during the composting period, and the temperature is controlled to be 65+/-5 ℃. The compost is turned over for 1 time on the 15 th day and the 30 th day respectively. Composting lasts for 40 days, and the basic organic fertilizer is obtained.
Table 2 organic fertilizer formulation
After composting, uniformly mixing the component 3 and the component 1 (the addition proportion of the Siamese bacillus bacteria agent is calculated based on the total weight of the organic fertilizer) with the basic organic fertilizer to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Test example 1
The bio-organic fertilizer in the above example was applied to soil or vegetable rhizosphere in the amount shown in table 4, and the chinese cabbage was applied 1 time on the day of planting, and then applied 1 time at intervals of 30 days; the konjak is applied 1 time 10 days before planting, and applied 1 time in the growth period; ginger is applied 1 time when the seedling is about 30cm high, and 1 time when the seedling is in the expansion period. Meanwhile, disease conditions are investigated in the harvest period in the fields of the agriculture where the bio-organic fertilizer (treatment group) provided by the invention is applied and the agriculture where the bio-organic fertilizer (control group) is not applied, and the control effect is calculated.
Chinese cabbage/konjak soft rot investigation classification standard:
level 0: no disease spots;
stage 1: the area of the disease spots accounts for less than 5% of the whole area;
2 stages: the area of the disease spots accounts for 6-10% of the whole area;
3 stages: the area of the disease spots accounts for 11-20% of the whole area;
4 stages: the area of the lesion accounts for 21-50% of the whole area;
5 stages: the area of the disease spots accounts for more than 50% of the whole area.
Ginger bacterial wilt investigation grading standard:
level 0: the whole ginger seedling does not cause disease;
stage 1: the disease seedling rate of the whole plant is 0-10.0%;
2 stages: the disease seedling rate of the whole plant is 10.1-30.0%;
3 stages: the disease seedling rate of the whole plant is 30.1-60.0%;
4 stages: the disease seedling rate of the whole plant is 60.1% -100%;
the control effect is calculated by adopting the following two formulas:
disease index = [ (Σ (number of disease stages×representative stage))/(total number of plants×highest representative stage value) ]×100
Control effect (%) = [ (control group disease index-treatment group disease index)/control group disease index ] ×100%
TABLE 3 test conditions and results for controlling Effect of bioorganic fertilizers on bacterial diseases of vegetables
* The control group was a blank control group to which no fertilizer was applied, and the fertilizer group was a control group to which the chemical fertilizer of component 3 in example 1 was applied.
TABLE 4 Effect of biological organic fertilizer on yield increase of vegetables and soil as biological index
* The control group was a blank control group to which no fertilizer was applied, and the fertilizer group was a control group to which the chemical fertilizer of component 3 in example 1 was applied.
Test example 2
The method comprises the steps of weighing 18g of culture medium powder by a balance, adding 1000mL of deionized water for dissolution, subpackaging, and sterilizing with high-temperature steam at 121 ℃ for 15 minutes) for the Siamese bacillus CCTCC NO: m2021925 to obtain a viable count of about 3×10 9 cfu/mL of the Siamese bacillus culture solution.
Vegetables were treated in the following manner, each treatment comprising 30 plants:
experimental group I: the Siamese bacillus culture solution is applied to vegetables, and the specific application mode is as follows: pouring a Siamese bacillus culture solution into soil when the cabbage is sown, and pouring for 1 time after 30 days; pouring the Siamese bacillus culture solution into soil 10 days before konjak planting, and pouring for 1 time again in the growth period; and (3) pouring the Siamese bacillus culture solution into soil when the ginger seedling is about 30cm high, and pouring for 1 time again when the ginger seedling is in an expansion period.
Experimental group II: the Siamese bacillus bacteria (solid bacteria, viable count of about 3×10) were used in the same manner as in the experimental group I 9 cfu/g) is applied to vegetable rhizosphere soil.
Experimental group III: the bio-organic fertilizers A1, B2 and D1 in Table 2 were formulated with water into 1000g/L organic fertilizer suspensions, respectively, and then the organic fertilizer suspensions were applied to vegetable rhizosphere soil as in experiment group I.
Control group: the siamese bacillus agent was not applied to the soil.
The control effects of vegetable diseases of each group were calculated and compared according to the calculation method in test example 1, and the results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 5 test conditions and results for controlling Effect of Siamese bacillus on vegetable bacterial diseases
* The control group was a blank control group to which no fertilizer was applied, and the fertilizer group was a control group to which the chemical fertilizer of component 3 in example 1 was applied (applied after being formulated into a suspension with water at a final concentration of 1000 g/L).
Table 6 influence of Siamese bacillus on yield increasing effect of vegetables and soil as biological index
* The control group was a blank control group to which no fertilizer was applied, and the fertilizer group was a control group to which the chemical fertilizer of component 3 in example 1 was applied.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of the individual technical features in any other suitable way, which simple variants and combinations should likewise be regarded as being disclosed by the invention, all falling within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. An organic fertilizer, characterized in that the organic fertilizer comprises:
component 1: the Siamese bacillus is characterized in that the preservation number of the Siamese bacillus is CCTCC NO: m2022925;
component 2: turf, thoroughly decomposed cow dung and oil cake;
and (3) a component 3: lime, borax, potassium phosphite, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate;
wherein, the content of the component 1 in the organic fertilizer is 0.1-1 wt%;
the content of component 2 is 80-90 wt%;
the content of component 3 is 10-20 wt%;
in the component 2, the weight ratio of the turf to the decomposed cow dung to the oil cake is 1-10:1-10:1;
in the component 3, the weight ratio of lime, borax, potassium phosphite, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate is 100-150:1-10:1-10:1-5:1.
2. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the water content in the turf is 10-15 wt%;
the water content of the decomposed cow dung is 10-15 wt%;
the water content in the oil cake is 10-15 wt%.
3. The organic fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the turf has an organic matter content of 30-60 wt% and a humic acid content of 20-40 wt% on a dry matter basis; nitrogen content of 1.5-2.5 wt%, phosphorus content of 0.1-0.5 wt%, and potassium content of 0.1-2 wt%;
in the decomposed cow dung, the organic matter content is 10-20 wt%, the humic acid content is 0.1-0.5 wt%, the nitrogen content is 0.1-0.5 wt%, the phosphorus content is 0.1-0.5 wt%, and the potassium content is 0.1-0.5 wt% based on dry matter;
in the oil cake, the content of organic matters is 60-85 wt%, the content of humic acid is 10-20 wt%, the content of crude protein is 50-65 wt%, the content of crude fiber is 5-10 wt%, the content of nitrogen is 1-7 wt%, the content of phosphorus is 0.4-5 wt%, and the content of potassium is 0.5-5 wt%, based on dry matter;
the use amount of the Siamese bacillus bacterial agent is based on the total weight of the organic fertilizer, so that the content of Siamese bacillus in the biological organic fertilizer is 1 multiplied by 10 8 -1×10 10 cfu/g。
4. Use of the organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for soil nutrient improvement and/or for promotion of vegetable growth and/or for control of vegetable diseases, wherein the vegetable diseases are selected from at least one of cabbage soft rot, konjak soft rot and ginger blast.
5. A method of promoting vegetable growth and/or controlling vegetable diseases, comprising applying the organic fertilizer of any one of claims 1-3 to soil.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil in an amount of 100-300 kg/mu/time.
CN202211524278.XA 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 Organic fertilizer and method for promoting vegetable growth and/or preventing and controlling vegetable diseases Active CN116253600B (en)

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