CN111960890A - Wormcast organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wormcast organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111960890A CN111960890A CN202010875079.8A CN202010875079A CN111960890A CN 111960890 A CN111960890 A CN 111960890A CN 202010875079 A CN202010875079 A CN 202010875079A CN 111960890 A CN111960890 A CN 111960890A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a wormcast organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers. The invention discloses a wormcast organic fertilizer which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of selenium-enriched wormcast, 20-40 parts of tea residues, 10-20 parts of vegetable cakes, 10-15 parts of bean pulp, 5-10 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of fish meal, 3-5 parts of grass peat, 3-5 parts of alginic acid, 1-3 parts of humic acid and 0.3-0.5 part of microbial fermentation inoculum, wherein the microbial fermentation inoculum is bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and EM (effective microorganisms), the number of live bacteria in stock solution of the EM is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g, and the number of live bacteria in the rest of the EM is more than or equal to 6.9 hundred million/g. The wormcast organic fertilizer provided by the invention contains rich organic selenium, is simple in preparation method and easy to operate, is green and environment-friendly, has high organic matter content and rich medium and trace elements, can not be applied in combination with a chemical fertilizer, has quick fertilizer effect, can improve soil, promotes the growth and development of crop roots, prevents insect pests, and improves the yield and quality of agricultural products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a wormcast organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The organic fertilizer is commonly called farmyard manure and is slow-release fertilizer which contains a large amount of biological substances, animal and plant residues, excrement, biological waste and other substances and has the main function of providing plant nutrition. The organic fertilizer not only contains major elements and trace elements necessary for plants, but also contains rich organic nutrients, has long fertilizer effect, can increase and renew soil organic matters, promotes microbial propagation, and improves the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of soil. The organic fertilizer contains more nutrients but has low relative content and slow release, and most of the organic fertilizers are matched with fertilizers and are mutually supplemented, so that the organic fertilizers and the fertilizers are mutually promoted, and the utilization rate of the fertilizers is improved. However, the use of chemical fertilizers is easy to destroy the granular structure of soil, cause soil hardening, reduce the yield of agricultural plants, and cause carcinogens to remain in crops and harm human health.
In the process of breeding earthworms, the earthworms can digest organic matters such as garbage, straws and the like, and the earthworm feces are discharged by mixing soil. The wormcast is a good decomposed organic fertilizer, and has good porosity, air permeability, water drainage and high water holding capacity. The wormcast has a large surface area, so that a plurality of beneficial microorganisms can live, and the wormcast has the capacity of absorbing and maintaining nutrient substances and has a good promoting effect on the growth and development of crops. Selenium is a trace element necessary for the growth and development of human and animal bodies and is also a beneficial element for the growth of plants, while inorganic selenium is extremely toxic and has certain safety risk to soil and human beings due to long-term application or improper application. The enrichment amount of selenium of the earthworms is large, inorganic selenium can be converted into organic selenium through biotransformation, and the conversion rate is high. In order to improve the content of organic selenium in the organic fertilizer, inorganic selenium is added into earthworm feed at present to feed earthworms to convert the earthworm into earthworm cast rich in organic selenium, but the content of organic selenium in the earthworm cast prepared by the existing method is low, most selenium elements are enriched in earthworms, and the requirement of selenium enrichment of plants cannot be met. If the raised earthworms are directly used as organic fertilizers, the cost is higher.
The invention patent CN105777247B discloses a method for preparing a selenium-rich earthworm organic fertilizer, which comprises the steps of introducing earthworms into a selenium-rich feeding substrate and a common feeding substrate, feeding, separating the earthworms and earthworm casts to prepare a selenium-rich amino acid nutrient stock solution and an earthworm cast extracting solution, mixing the earthworm cast extracting solution and the selenium-rich amino acid nutrient stock solution, and sterilizing to obtain the selenium-rich earthworm organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer obtained by the method has the advantages of long storage time, thorough decomposition of earthworms, high organic selenium content and the like, but the method decomposes the bred earthworms, has high preparation cost and low organic matter and trace element content, and has slow fertilizer efficiency when being used independently. The invention patent CN110100797A discloses a preparation method of earthworm bioactive selenium, which comprises the steps of adding selenium salt into earthworm bait, feeding self-hybridization breeding high-efficiency earthworm variety to obtain selenium-rich earthworm feces, extracting the selenium-rich earthworm feces, and finally obtaining the earthworm bioactive fulvic acid selenium. The earthworm bioactive fulvic acid selenium prepared by the method has high activity, strong stability and high purity, and can be widely applied to the planting industry together with selenium-enriched earthworms, but the production method of the product is complex, is not easy to operate, and is only used as a selenium additive of an organic fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide the selenium-rich wormcast organic fertilizer which is simple in preparation method and easy to operate, is green and environment-friendly, has high organic matter content and rich medium and trace elements, can not be applied together with a chemical fertilizer, has quick fertilizer effect, can improve soil, promotes the growth and development of crop roots, prevents insect pests and improves the yield and quality of agricultural products.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention provides a wormcast organic fertilizer which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-40 parts of selenium-enriched wormcast, 20-40 parts of tea residues, 10-20 parts of vegetable cakes, 10-15 parts of bean pulp, 5-10 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of fish meal, 3-5 parts of grass peat, 3-5 parts of alginic acid, 1-3 parts of humic acid and 0.3-0.5 part of microbial fermentation inoculum, wherein the microbial fermentation inoculum is bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and EM (effective microorganisms), the number of live bacteria in stock solution of the EM is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g, and the number of live bacteria in the rest of the EM is more than or equal to 6.9 hundred million/g.
Further, the mass ratio of the bacillus cereus to the staphylococcus aureus to the bacillus subtilis to the EM microbial inoculum is 1:1:1: 3.
The preparation method of the wormcast organic fertilizer comprises the following specific steps:
p1, weighing the raw materials in parts by weight for later use;
p2, crushing the tea residues, the vegetable cakes and the bean pulp, sieving the crushed tea residues, the crushed vegetable cakes and the bean pulp by a 100-mesh sieve, then adding humic acid, bone meal, fish meal, grass peat, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis, uniformly mixing, controlling the water content to be 60-70%, and fermenting for 10-12 days at the temperature of 25-40 ℃;
and P3, adding selenium-enriched wormcast, alginic acid and EM microbial inoculum into the fermentation mixture obtained in the step P2, uniformly mixing to obtain an organic fertilizer base material, controlling the moisture content of the organic fertilizer base material to be 70-80%, fermenting for 10-15 days at 50-60 ℃, granulating, and drying to obtain the wormcast organic fertilizer.
Further, the preparation method of the selenium-enriched wormcast comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of kitchen garbage: firstly, adding kitchen waste into water for rough filtration to leave solid substances, drying and crushing the solid substances, adding ethanol, soaking for 6-10h, filtering to leave filter residues, washing with water for 3 times, filtering and drying to obtain a kitchen waste reservation;
(2) crushing the collected sphagna sinensis to obtain a sphagna sinensis raw material;
(3) adding 2.4g/L potassium selenite water solution into the kitchen waste reservation, mixing well, adding the above water moss raw material and sodium citrate, adjusting water content to 55-65%, and making into earthworm raw feed;
(4) adding a zymophyte agent into the earthworm feed, uniformly mixing, and stacking and fermenting at 50-60 ℃ for 10-15 days to obtain feed sapropel;
(5) stacking the feed rotting materials into an earthworm bed, controlling the water content of the feed rotting materials in the earthworm bed to be 75-85%, controlling the pH value to be 6.5-7.5 and controlling the temperature to be 20-25 ℃, putting Eisenia foetida into the earthworm bed, putting 70-80 Eisenia foetida into each kilogram of feed rotting materials, and separating the Eisenia foetida when the feed rotting materials have no odor or peculiar smell, are soft and turn brown to dark, thus obtaining the selenium-enriched wormcast.
Further, the addition amount of the potassium selenite aqueous solution is 150 mg/kg.
Further, the addition amount of the sodium citrate is 3.4 g/kg.
Further, the mass ratio of the kitchen waste reservation material to the water moss raw material in the step (3) is (1-1.5): 1.
Further, the adding amount of the fermentation inoculum in the step (4) is 0.24-0.59% of the mass of the earthworm feedstuff, the fermentation inoculum is an EM inoculum, and the number of viable bacteria in the stock solution of the EM inoculum is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g.
Further, in the step (5), the pH value of the earthworm bed is controlled by using a citric acid solution.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
1. the raw earthworm feed provided by the invention takes kitchen garbage and water moss as main raw materials, wherein the kitchen garbage has wide sources and is mainly used as fertilizer, feed or incineration treatment, when the kitchen garbage is used as the fertilizer, composting treatment is generally adopted, but in the composting process, nitrogen elements in the kitchen garbage are decomposed and volatilized due to the action of microorganisms, so that the nitrogen elements are lost. The kitchen waste adopts a simple treatment process to separate oily matters (oil organic matters influence the growth and decomposition capacity of earthworms) from solid kitchen waste (namely kitchen waste reserves), so that the kitchen waste reserves can be conveniently used as earthworm feeds, and the conversion rate of nutrient components is high. The kitchen garbage reservation material and the water moss contain rich organic matters and trace elements, and the organic matters and the trace elements are converted into the earthworm cast through the earthworm digestion system, so that the organic fertilizer contains rich organic matters and trace elements, the fertilizing effect of the organic fertilizer is improved, the organic fertilizer can be used without other fertilizers, and the fertilizer efficiency required by plant growth can be achieved.
2. The raw materials of kitchen garbage and water moss are wide in source and low in cost, belong to harmful garbage, are prepared into organic fertilizers, change waste into valuable, reduce environmental pollution and are environment-friendly earthworm cast organic fertilizers.
3. The earthworm feedstuff of the invention is added with potassium selenite, and selenium ions are chelated and fixed by fermentation reaction with amino acid, protein, lignin, nitrogen-containing organic compounds and the like in kitchen garbage reservation and water moss under the action of zymophyte, the water moss has larger specific surface area and adsorption effect, can further fix inorganic selenium, reduce the toxicity of the inorganic selenium, so that no abnormality is generated when the earthworms eat the feed rotting material containing the selenium salt, and the selenium is mainly combined with protein in the earthworms and is subjected to enzymolysis, the organic selenium fertilizer mainly exists in wormcast in the form of organic states such as selenomethionine and the like, improves the content of organic selenium in the organic fertilizer, is beneficial to absorption and utilization of plant stems and leaves, and has the functions of promoting the growth of crops and fruits and vegetables, sterilizing, inhibiting absorption and accumulation of heavy metals and improving the yield and quality.
4. The sodium citrate is added into the earthworm feedstuff provided by the invention, so that the chelating fixation of potassium selenite under the fermentation action of kitchen garbage reservation and water moss can be accelerated, the toxicity of potassium selenite is further reduced, the earthworm yield can be increased, the production time of earthworm cast is shortened, the organic matter content of the earthworm cast is improved, and the production rate and the quality of the organic fertilizer are improved.
5. According to the invention, the earthworm feedstuff is subjected to pre-fermentation treatment, so that potassium selenite can react with other organic matters to form selenium ion organic matters, the toxicity of inorganic selenium is reduced, and the earthworm feedstuff is suitable for earthworms to eat, thereby producing selenium-enriched earthworm feces; through fermentation treatment, the enrichment content of organic selenium in the wormcast can be improved, and the output time of the wormcast can be shortened.
6. The tea residue contains flavonoid, theasaponin, polysaccharide, catechin, theobromine and other substances, wherein-OH on B rings of the flavonoid and the catechin has stronger polarity and is easy to break, and the-OH is combined with harmful gas molecules generated by fermentation to generate a new organic or inorganic compound, so that the harmful gas in the organic fertilizer is removed. The tannin and the flavonoid can block the normal expression of bacterial protein, influence the structural composition of cells and the catalytic activity of enzyme, and finally cause the loss of the normal physiological function of bacteria, thereby achieving the bacteriostatic effect. The virus has simple structure and is sensitive to tannin, so that the wormcast organic fertilizer has the effects of inhibiting harmful bacteria and resisting viruses.
7. The preparation process of the wormcast organic fertilizer is completed by fermenting twice at different temperatures, firstly, part of raw materials are fermented, and then the fermented mixture is mixed with the selenium-rich wormcast and alginic acid for fermentation, so that the fermentation speed of the mixed agent can be increased, the content of organic matters in the organic fertilizer can be increased, and the release rate of nutritional ingredients in the organic fertilizer can be increased in the application process of the organic fertilizer.
8. The wormcast organic fertilizer prepared by the method is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matters, copper, iron, zinc, selenium and other trace elements, is environment-friendly and safe, has no peculiar smell, has good water absorption and water retention performance and strong ventilation property, and is widely applicable to crops. The invention can be used without chemical cooperation, has quick fertilizer effect, can improve soil, promote the growth and development of crop roots, prevent insect pests and improve the yield and quality of agricultural products. The kitchen garbage and water moss disclosed by the invention are wide in source and low in cost, and can be used for realizing resource utilization of the kitchen garbage and the water moss, reducing environmental pollution and promoting sustainable development of agriculture.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described with reference to specific examples and a method for preparing the wormcast organic fertilizer.
Example 1:
the wormcast organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of selenium-rich wormcast, 40 parts of tea residue, 10 parts of vegetable cake, 10 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of bone meal, 10 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of grass peat, 5 parts of alginic acid, 1 part of humic acid and 0.5 part of microbial fermentation inoculant. The microbial fermentation inoculum is bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and EM inoculum, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus cereus to the staphylococcus aureus to the bacillus subtilis to the EM inoculum is 1:1:1:3, the number of live bacteria in stock solution of the EM inoculum is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g, and the number of live bacteria in other inoculants is more than or equal to 6.9 hundred million/g.
The preparation method of the wormcast organic fertilizer comprises the following specific steps:
and P1, weighing the raw materials in parts by weight for later use.
And P2, crushing the tea residues, the vegetable cakes and the bean pulp, sieving the crushed materials by a 100-mesh sieve, adding humic acid, bone meal, fish meal, grass peat, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis, uniformly mixing, controlling the water content to be 60-70%, and fermenting for 10-12 days at the temperature of 25-40 ℃.
And P3, adding selenium-enriched wormcast, alginic acid and EM microbial inoculum into the fermentation mixture obtained in the step P2, uniformly mixing to obtain an organic fertilizer base material, controlling the moisture content of the organic fertilizer base material to be 70-80%, fermenting for 10-15 days at 50-60 ℃, granulating, and drying to obtain the wormcast organic fertilizer.
The preparation method of the selenium-enriched wormcast comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of kitchen garbage: adding kitchen garbage into water for rough filtration to leave solid substances, drying and crushing the solid substances, adding ethanol, soaking for 6-10h, filtering to leave filter residues, washing with water for 3 times, filtering and drying to obtain the kitchen garbage reservation.
(2) Crushing the collected sphagna sinensis to obtain a sphagna sinensis raw material.
(3) Adding 2.4g/L potassium selenite water solution into the kitchen waste reservation, mixing well, adding the above water moss raw material and sodium citrate, and adjusting water content to 55-65% to obtain earthworm raw feed. Wherein the addition amount of the potassium selenite aqueous solution is 150mg/kg, and the addition amount of the sodium citrate is 3.4 g/kg. The mass ratio of the kitchen garbage reservation to the water moss raw material is 1: 1.
The addition amount of the potassium selenite aqueous solution is the amount of potassium selenite solid added into the mixture of 1kg of kitchen garbage reservation and water moss raw material.
The addition amount of the sodium citrate is 1kg of sodium citrate added into the mixture of the kitchen garbage reservation and the water moss raw material.
(4) Adding fermentation bacteria into the earthworm feed, mixing uniformly, and stacking and fermenting at 50-60 ℃ for 10-15 days to obtain the feed compost. Wherein the fermentation microbial inoculum is an EM microbial inoculum, the number of viable bacteria in stock solution of the EM microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g, and the addition amount of the EM microbial inoculum is 0.24 percent of the mass of the earthworm feedstuff.
(5) Stacking the feed rotting materials into an earthworm bed, controlling the water content of the feed rotting materials in the earthworm bed to be 75-85%, controlling the temperature to be 20-25 ℃, adding citric acid solution to adjust the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, putting Eisenia fetida into the earthworm bed, putting 70-80 Eisenia fetida into each kilogram of the feed rotting materials, and separating the Eisenia fetida when the feed rotting materials have no odor or peculiar smell, are soft and are dark brown, so that the selenium-enriched wormcast is obtained.
The total selenium content of the wormcast organic fertilizer prepared in this example 1 is about 45.2mg/kg, wherein the organic selenium content is about 98.9%.
Example 2:
the wormcast organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of selenium-rich wormcast, 20 parts of tea residue, 20 parts of vegetable cake, 15 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of bone meal, 10 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of grass peat, 4 parts of alginic acid, 3 parts of humic acid and 0.3 part of microbial fermentation inoculant. The microbial fermentation inoculum is bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and EM inoculum, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus cereus to the staphylococcus aureus to the bacillus subtilis to the EM inoculum is 1:1:1:3, the number of live bacteria in stock solution of the EM inoculum is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g, and the number of live bacteria in other inoculants is more than or equal to 6.9 hundred million/g.
The preparation method of the wormcast organic fertilizer is the same as that in the example 1, and the specific steps refer to the example 1.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich earthworm cast is the same as that in the embodiment 1, the specific steps refer to the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the mass ratio of the kitchen waste reservation to the water moss raw material is 1.5:1, the leavening agent added into the earthworm raw feed is the EM microbial inoculum, the quantity of viable bacteria in the raw liquid of the EM microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g, and the adding quantity of the EM microbial inoculum is 0.59 percent of the mass of the earthworm raw feed.
The total selenium content of the wormcast organic fertilizer prepared in this example 2 is about 46.8mg/kg, wherein the organic selenium content is about 91.2%.
Example 3:
the wormcast organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of selenium-rich wormcast, 30 parts of tea residue, 15 parts of vegetable cake, 15 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of grass peat, 3 parts of alginic acid, 2 parts of humic acid and 0.4 part of microbial fermentation inoculant. The microbial fermentation inoculum is bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and EM inoculum, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus cereus to the staphylococcus aureus to the bacillus subtilis to the EM inoculum is 1:1:1:3, the number of live bacteria in stock solution of the EM inoculum is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g, and the number of live bacteria in other inoculants is more than or equal to 6.9 hundred million/g.
The preparation method of the wormcast organic fertilizer is the same as that in the example 1, and the specific steps refer to the example 1.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich earthworm cast is the same as that of the embodiment 1, the specific steps refer to the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the mass ratio of the kitchen waste reservation to the water moss raw material is 1.2:1, the leavening agent added into the earthworm raw feed is the EM microbial inoculum, the quantity of viable bacteria in the raw liquid of the EM microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g, and the adding quantity of the EM microbial inoculum is 0.36 percent of the mass of the earthworm raw feed.
The total selenium content of the wormcast organic fertilizer prepared in this embodiment 3 is about 47.1mg/kg, wherein the organic selenium content is about 98.3%.
Example 4:
the wormcast organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of selenium-rich wormcast, 32 parts of tea residue, 16 parts of vegetable cake, 12 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of bone meal, 8 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of grass peat, 4 parts of alginic acid, 2 parts of humic acid and 0.5 part of microbial fermentation inoculant. The microbial fermentation inoculum is bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and EM inoculum, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus cereus to the staphylococcus aureus to the bacillus subtilis to the EM inoculum is 1:1:1:3, the number of live bacteria in stock solution of the EM inoculum is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g, and the number of live bacteria in other inoculants is more than or equal to 6.9 hundred million/g.
The preparation method of the wormcast organic fertilizer is the same as that in the example 1, and the specific steps refer to the example 1.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich earthworm cast is the same as that in the embodiment 1, the specific steps refer to the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the mass ratio of the kitchen waste reservation to the water moss raw material is 1.3:1, the leavening agent added into the earthworm raw feed is the EM microbial inoculum, the quantity of viable bacteria in the raw liquid of the EM microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g, and the adding quantity of the EM microbial inoculum is 0.41 percent of the mass of the earthworm raw feed.
In the wormcast organic fertilizer prepared in this example 4, the total selenium content is about 50.4mg/kg, wherein the organic selenium content is about 99.5%.
Comparative example 1
The composition and preparation method of the raw material of the wormcast organic fertilizer are the same as those in example 4, and the specific reference is made to example 4.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich wormcast comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of kitchen garbage: adding kitchen garbage into water for rough filtration to leave solid substances, drying and crushing the solid substances, adding ethanol, soaking for 6-10h, filtering to leave filter residues, washing with water for 3 times, filtering and drying to obtain the kitchen garbage reservation.
(2) Adding 2.4g/L potassium selenite water solution into the kitchen waste reservation, mixing well, adding sodium citrate, adjusting water content to 55-65%, and making into earthworm feedstuff. Wherein the addition amount of the potassium selenite aqueous solution is 150mg/kg, and the addition amount of the sodium citrate is 3.4 g/kg.
(3) Adding fermentation bacteria into the earthworm feed, mixing uniformly, and stacking and fermenting at 50-60 ℃ for 10-15 days to obtain the feed compost. Wherein the fermentation microbial inoculum is an EM microbial inoculum, the number of viable bacteria in stock solution of the EM microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g, and the addition amount of the EM microbial inoculum is 0.24 percent of the mass of the earthworm feedstuff.
(4) Stacking the feed rotting materials into an earthworm bed, controlling the water content of the feed rotting materials in the earthworm bed to be 75-85%, controlling the temperature to be 20-25 ℃, adding citric acid solution to adjust the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, putting Eisenia fetida into the earthworm bed, putting 70-80 Eisenia fetida into each kilogram of the feed rotting materials, and separating the Eisenia fetida when the feed rotting materials have no odor or peculiar smell, are soft and are dark brown, so that the selenium-enriched wormcast is obtained.
The wormcast organic fertilizer prepared in the comparative example 1 has the total selenium content of about 28.4mg/kg, wherein the organic selenium content is about 95.4%.
Comparative example 2
The composition and preparation method of the raw material of the wormcast organic fertilizer are the same as those in example 4, and the specific reference is made to example 4.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich wormcast comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of kitchen garbage: adding kitchen garbage into water for rough filtration to leave solid substances, drying and crushing the solid substances, adding ethanol, soaking for 6-10h, filtering to leave filter residues, washing with water for 3 times, filtering and drying to obtain the kitchen garbage reservation.
(2) Crushing the collected sphagna sinensis to obtain a sphagna sinensis raw material.
(3) Adding 2.4g/L potassium selenite water solution into the kitchen waste reservation, mixing well, adding the above water moss raw material, and adjusting water content to 55-65% to obtain earthworm raw feed. Wherein the addition amount of the potassium selenite aqueous solution is 150 mg/kg. The mass ratio of the kitchen garbage reservation to the water moss raw material is 1.3: 1.
(4) Adding fermentation bacteria into the earthworm feed, mixing uniformly, and stacking and fermenting at 50-60 ℃ for 10-15 days to obtain the feed compost. Wherein the fermentation microbial inoculum is an EM microbial inoculum, the number of viable bacteria in stock solution of the EM microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g, and the addition amount of the EM microbial inoculum is 0.24 percent of the mass of the earthworm feedstuff.
(5) Stacking the feed rotting materials into an earthworm bed, controlling the water content of the feed rotting materials in the earthworm bed to be 75-85%, controlling the temperature to be 20-25 ℃, adding citric acid solution to adjust the pH value to be 6.5-7.5, putting Eisenia fetida into the earthworm bed, putting 70-80 Eisenia fetida into each kilogram of the feed rotting materials, and separating the Eisenia fetida when the feed rotting materials have no odor or peculiar smell, are soft and are dark brown, so that the selenium-enriched wormcast is obtained.
The wormcast organic fertilizer prepared in the comparative example 2 has the total selenium content of about 30.4mg/kg, wherein the organic selenium content accounts for about 97.1%.
Comparative example 3
The wormcast organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of selenium-rich wormcast, 16 parts of rape cake, 12 parts of bean pulp, 7 parts of bone meal, 8 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of grass peat, 4 parts of alginic acid, 2 parts of humic acid and 0.5 part of microbial fermentation inoculant. The microbial fermentation inoculum is bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and EM inoculum, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus cereus to the staphylococcus aureus to the bacillus subtilis to the EM inoculum is 1:1:1:3, the number of live bacteria in stock solution of the EM inoculum is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g, and the number of live bacteria in other inoculants is more than or equal to 6.9 hundred million/g.
The preparation method of the wormcast organic fertilizer is the same as that in the example 1, and the specific steps refer to the example 1.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich wormcast is the same as that in the embodiment 4, and the embodiment 4 is specifically referred.
The wormcast organic fertilizer prepared in the comparative example 3 has the total selenium content of about 33.1mg/kg, wherein the organic selenium content accounts for about 94.2%.
Comparative example 4
The invention patent CN105777247B discloses an example 1 of a selenium-rich earthworm organic fertilizer as a comparative example 4.
Compared with the wormcast organic fertilizer prepared in the comparative examples 1-4, the wormcast organic fertilizer prepared in the examples 1-4 is subjected to product inspection according to the method of the industry standard NY 525-.
TABLE 1 quality test results of microbial fertilizer products
| Organic matter/wt% | Nitrogen/wt.% | Phosphorus/wt.% | Potassium/wt.% | pH value | |
| Example 1 | 80.5 | 5.5 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 6.7 |
| Example 2 | 79.4 | 5.9 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 7.0 |
| Example 3 | 81.7 | 4.8 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 6.5 |
| Example 4 | 83.1 | 6.2 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 6.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 60.5 | 4.0 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 6.6 |
| Comparative example 2 | 70.4 | 5.0 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 6.5 |
| Comparative example 3 | 65.8 | 4.9 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 6.5 |
| Comparative example 4 | 52.3 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 6.7 |
The detection results show that the wormcast organic fertilizer has rich organic matters and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, wherein the content of the organic matters can reach over 79 percent, and N + P2O5+K2The content of O can reach more than 8.5 percent. From comparative examples 1-3, it can be seen that the organic matter content and N + P in the wormcast organic fertilizer can be improved by adding the water moss, the sodium citrate and the tea residue in the invention2O5+K2And (4) the content of O.
Application example:
the wormcast organic fertilizers of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3 are subjected to field tests, and the influence of 8 groups of organic fertilizers on the growth condition of tomatoes is investigated. Of these, examples 1 to 4 were used as test groups 1 to 4, and comparative examples 1 to 4 were used as control groups 1 to 4, respectively. Three applications in each of the test groups 1-4 and the control groups 1-4 are arranged in parallel, the area of each parallel application is 1 mu, the dosage of the wormcast organic fertilizer applied to each mu of the test groups 1-4 is 150 kg, the dosage of the compound microbial fertilizer applied to each mu of the control groups 1-4 is 150 kg, the seeding and field management are the same, the comparison of each group after harvest is carried out, and the results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 influence of different wormcast organic fertilizers on growth of tomato
| Average plant height cm | Average single fruit g | Average yield of kilogram per mu | Comprehensive disease resistance | |
| Experimental group 1 | 83 | 249 | 4429 | Is stronger |
| Experimental group 2 | 80 | 238 | 4218 | Is stronger |
| Experimental group 3 | 85 | 250 | 4625 | Is stronger |
| Experimental group 4 | 87 | 265 | 4856 | Is stronger |
| Control group 1 | 78 | 224 | 3754 | Is stronger |
| Control group 2 | 80 | 230 | 4011 | Is stronger |
| Control group 3 | 73 | 225 | 3657 | In general |
| Control group 4 | 75 | 212 | 3218 | In general |
According to the detection results of the application examples, the wormcast organic fertilizer can improve the yield and quality of agricultural products and has strong comprehensive disease resistance. When the tea residue is not added into the raw materials, the comprehensive disease resistance of the wormcast organic fertilizer is reduced. The quality and the yield of agricultural products can be improved by adding the water moss, the sodium citrate and the tea leaves, the soil can be improved, the fertilizing effect is good, and the fertilizer efficiency release rate is high.
It is worth noting that the wormcast organic fertilizer can be used for planting tomatoes and has a good effect on other crops.
The technical features of the embodiments described above can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The wormcast organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of selenium-enriched wormcast, 20-40 parts of tea residues, 10-20 parts of vegetable cakes, 10-15 parts of bean pulp, 5-10 parts of bone meal, 5-10 parts of fish meal, 3-5 parts of grass peat, 3-5 parts of alginic acid, 1-3 parts of humic acid and 0.3-0.5 part of microbial fermentation inoculum, wherein the microbial fermentation inoculum is bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and EM (effective microorganisms), the number of live bacteria in stock solution of the EM is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g, and the number of live bacteria in the rest of the EM is more than or equal to 6.9 hundred million/g.
2. The earthworm organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and EM microbial inoculum is 1:1:1: 3.
3. The preparation method of the wormcast organic fertilizer as claimed in claims 1-2, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
p1, weighing the raw materials in parts by weight for later use;
p2, crushing the tea residues, the vegetable cakes and the bean pulp, sieving the crushed tea residues, the crushed vegetable cakes and the bean pulp by a 100-mesh sieve, then adding humic acid, bone meal, fish meal, grass peat, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis, uniformly mixing, controlling the water content to be 60-70%, and fermenting for 10-12 days at the temperature of 25-40 ℃;
and P3, adding selenium-enriched wormcast, alginic acid and EM microbial inoculum into the fermentation mixture obtained in the step P2, uniformly mixing to obtain an organic fertilizer base material, controlling the moisture content of the organic fertilizer base material to be 70-80%, fermenting for 10-15 days at 50-60 ℃, granulating, and drying to obtain the wormcast organic fertilizer.
4. The wormcast organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the selenium-rich wormcast comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of kitchen garbage: firstly, adding kitchen waste into water for rough filtration to leave solid substances, drying and crushing the solid substances, adding ethanol, soaking for 6-10h, filtering to leave filter residues, washing with water for 3 times, filtering and drying to obtain a kitchen waste reservation;
(2) crushing the collected sphagna sinensis to obtain a sphagna sinensis raw material;
(3) adding 2.4g/L potassium selenite water solution into the kitchen waste reservation, mixing well, adding the above water moss raw material and sodium citrate, adjusting water content to 55-65%, and making into earthworm raw feed;
(4) adding a zymophyte agent into the earthworm feed, uniformly mixing, and stacking and fermenting at 50-60 ℃ for 10-15 days to obtain feed sapropel;
(5) stacking the feed rotting materials into an earthworm bed, controlling the water content of the feed rotting materials in the earthworm bed to be 75-85%, controlling the pH value to be 6.5-7.5 and controlling the temperature to be 20-25 ℃, putting Eisenia foetida into the earthworm bed, putting 70-80 Eisenia foetida into each kilogram of feed rotting materials, and separating the Eisenia foetida when the feed rotting materials have no odor or peculiar smell, are soft and turn brown to dark, thus obtaining the selenium-enriched wormcast.
5. The wormcast organic fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the addition amount of the potassium selenite aqueous solution is 150 mg/kg.
6. The wormcast organic fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the addition amount of the sodium citrate is 3.4 g/kg.
7. The earthworm cast organic fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen waste reservation material to the water moss raw material in the step (3) is (1-1.5): 1.
8. The earthworm cast organic fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the adding amount of the fermentation inoculum in the step (4) is 0.24-0.59% of the mass of the earthworm feedstuff, the fermentation inoculum is EM inoculum, and the viable count of the raw liquid of the EM inoculum is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/g.
9. The earthworm cast organic fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the pH value of the earthworm bed in the step (5) is adjusted by using citric acid solution.
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