CN108504611B - Composite microbial inoculum and method for preparing tobacco planting organic fertilizer by using same - Google Patents
Composite microbial inoculum and method for preparing tobacco planting organic fertilizer by using same Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241000605118 Thiobacillus Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of microecologics and the technical field of organic fertilizer production, and particularly relates to a compound microbial inoculum and a method for preparing a tobacco planting organic fertilizer by using the compound microbial inoculum. The composite microbial inoculum is cultured in a first-stage fermentation broth culture medium, then the culture medium is fed into a second-stage fermentation broth culture medium to be cultured to obtain a second-stage fermentation seed liquid, the second-stage fermentation seed liquid is sprayed on a high-pressure spraying device to obtain a solid fermentation material detoxified by high-temperature steam, and then the solid fermentation material is fed into a composting reactor, and the aeration time interval is once every 2 hours. According to the invention, the pig manure and the mixture of the corn flour, the rapeseed cake and the peanut drum are mixed for use, the water content of the pig manure is accurately limited, additional water is not required in the whole fermentation process, the preparation process and operation are simplified, and the uncertainty of the biotransformation effect caused by the non-standard operation of water supplement is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microecologics and the technical field of organic fertilizer production, and particularly relates to a composite microbial inoculum and a method for preparing a tobacco planting organic fertilizer by using the same.
Background
The technology for producing organic fertilizer by solid fermentation is quite mature at home and abroad, but the commonly selected strains fall behind, the growth speed of the strains is slow, the fermentation time is as long as 5-6 days, and the production is seriously influenced. Moreover, the selected microorganisms cannot achieve the effect of comprehensively improving the soil, so that the severe problems of excessive acidification of the soil, secondary heavy metal pollution caused by using a large amount of animal manure and the like are often caused. Therefore, it is urgently needed to find out proper strains through basic research, carry out scientific proportioning, and achieve the functions of comprehensively improving the soil performance, improving the crop production efficiency and protecting the environment.
The pig manure is a large amount of manure excreted by pigs in the pig raising process, and a large amount of urine and mucus are mixed in the pig manure. The pig manure is the livestock manure which is not easy to air, and with the continuous expansion of the culture scale of the farm in China, the intensive culture brings the centralization of a large amount of pig manure, and the large amount of pig manure is piled together and is difficult to treat. The long-term placement of pig manure not only recruits mosquitoes and flies, and the foul smell all causes very big pollution to surrounding environment, to ground water source simultaneously, if do not solve the pig manure problem, not only to the pollution of environment serious day by day, also cause serious influence to the sustainable development of plant simultaneously. How to effectively treat and effectively develop and utilize pig manure becomes a serious problem in sustainable development of the pig industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a compound microbial inoculum and an organic fertilizer prepared by using the compound microbial inoculum. The microbial ecological agent is used for fermenting and continuously producing organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer produced by organic waste fermented by 6 kinds of compound microorganisms can effectively improve the production performance of tobacco, protect soil, treat heavy metal and degrade residual pesticide in soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a composite microbial inoculum comprises the following active components in percentage by weight: 3-5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3-5 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1-3 parts of thiobacillus oxydans, 1-3 parts of leptospirillum ferrioxidans, 1-3 parts of rhodotorula and 3-10 parts of geotrichum moulds.
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens is used as a test strain to promote the decomposition of organic matters, generate a large amount of amino acids such as aspartic acid, promote the absorption of plant nutrients, improve the water retention capacity of soil by 20 percent, increase the water content of the soil by 30 percent and prolong the retention period by 3 days. Has obvious degradation effect on herbicide butachlor (N-butoxymethyl chloride-2 ' -chloro-2 ', 6 ' -diethyl acetanilide).
The acidophilic thiobacillus thiooxidans and the leptospirillum ferrugineum are acidophilic autotrophic bacteria taking thiobacillus as a main component, have strong oxidizability, and can oxidize substances such as sulfide and hydrogen sulfide which can cause the odor of manure, so the deodorization effect is good; the low pH and oxidative environment created also makes pathogenic bacteria unsuitable for this environment and therefore has a bactericidal effect.
Acid-resistant Rhodotorula and Geotrichum mold belong to acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria, and can adsorb heavy metal ions in soil and improve soil. Especially, rhodotorula can generate various amino acids such as aspartic acid, alanine, glutamic acid, methionine and the like, promote the growth and development of tobacco, improve the nicotine content and the tobacco quality.
The bacillus subtilis is a strain PB6, has the functions of rapid propagation and secretion of active short peptides resisting various microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, protozoa and the like), can effectively inhibit the growth of nematodes in soil, protects the root of a plant and improves the disease resistance of tobacco; a large amount of organic acid is generated in the fermentation process, so that the release of metal ions in soil is promoted, and the plant absorption capacity is improved.
The thiobacillus oxydans must grow rapidly for TS6 to be competitive.
The compound microbial inoculum is compounded by bacteria, fungi, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes, does not antagonize each other, and has synergistic effect. The function is many, effectual: the organic material decomposition agent has a strong decomposition effect on organic materials, can complete decomposition within 48 hours, and is quick in time; and in the fermentation process, a large number of functional bacteria are propagated and various specific metabolites are produced, so that the growth and development of crops are stimulated, the disease resistance and drought resistance of the crops are improved, and after the functional bacteria enter the soil, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium dissolution can be realized, the soil nutrient is increased, the soil structure is improved, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
The compound microbial inoculum of the invention is safe to use: can treat various organic materials, and has no toxicity, harm and pollution. Promoting mineralization and humation of organic materials: the materials are mineralized, and the nutrients are changed into an effective state and a quick-acting state from an ineffective state and a slow-acting state; a large amount of humic acid is generated through humification, and the growth of crops is stimulated.
The composite microbial inoculum can be used for preparing tobacco planting organic fertilizer.
The preparation method of the tobacco planting organic fertilizer prepared by using the composite microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the compound microbial inoculum is cultured in a first-level fermentation broth culture medium, and the first-level fermentation broth culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1000 parts of distilled water, 20 parts of glucose, 15 parts of peptone, 5 parts of sodium chloride and 0.5 part of beef extract;
(2) then the mixture enters a secondary fermentation liquid culture medium to be cultured to obtain secondary fermentation seed liquid, wherein the secondary fermentation liquid culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10000 parts of corn flour or bean pulp, 5000 parts of fish meal, 8000 parts of glucose and 2000 parts of soybean hull powder;
(3) and three-stage continuous solid fermentation: and (3) spraying the secondary fermentation seed liquid to the solid fermentation material detoxified by high-temperature steam through a high-pressure spraying device, and then feeding the solid fermentation material into a composting reactor, wherein the aeration time interval is once every 2 hours.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the secondary fermentation seed liquid to the solid fermentation material is 1: 1000.
preferably, the solid fermentation product comprises auxiliary materials, organic matters and glucose, and the proportion of the auxiliary materials to the organic matters to the glucose is 2: 7: 1.
the auxiliary materials of the invention are common organic fertilizer auxiliary materials such as corn flour, straws, bran, rapeseed cakes, bean pulp, peanut drums and the like.
Further preferably, the organic matter is pig manure. Can be used for treating breeding wastes such as pig manure and the like, and protects the environment. The pig manure is used as a main raw material, the organic fertilizer with high fertilizer efficiency and low cost is produced within 2-3 days, and the defects of long composting time of 2-6 months, great fertilizer efficiency loss and high fertilizer cost for farmers in the prior art are overcome.
Further preferably, the water content of the pig manure is 50-60%, additional water is not needed in the whole fermentation process, the preparation process and operation are simplified, and uncertainty brought to the biotransformation effect by the non-standard water supplementing operation is reduced.
More preferably, the solid fermentation product is 70 parts of pig manure, 20 parts of corn flour or soybean meal and 10 parts of glucose.
The invention has the beneficial effects that a novel production method of the organic fertilizer special for tobacco is provided, and scientific combination of cake fertilizer and livestock and poultry manure can be successfully realized based on the method; the solid continuous fermentation technology has higher speed than the conventional microbial composting, and produces the organic fertilizer special for tobacco with high fertilizer efficiency and low cost.
The auxiliary materials adopted by the invention are the most commonly used mixture of corn flour, straws, bran and the like in agricultural production, and the pig manure and the corn flour, the rapeseed cake or the mixture of the rapeseed cake and the peanut drum are mixed according to a scientific proportion for use. The invention accurately limits the water content of the pig manure, does not need to supplement water in the whole fermentation process, simplifies the preparation process and operation, and reduces the uncertainty of the biotransformation effect caused by the non-standard operation of water supplement.
Detailed Description
The substance of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
And (3) strain breeding:
the active ingredients comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 4 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2 parts of thiobacillus thiooxidans, 2 parts of leptospirillum ferrioxidans, 2 parts of rhodotorula and 5 parts of geotrichum mold.
1) And (3) continuously performing streak culture on a 6-strain specific culture medium, and selecting strains with full colony morphology and largest colony radius for seed preservation and production. The process is continuously operated for more than 10 times until the strain has stable performance and is propagated for about 1000 generations.
2) The screened strains are subjected to stress resistance re-screening, and the good growth can be ensured on a plate with poor nutrition.
3) And (5) simulating soil conditions to carry out three times of re-screening on the strains. And (3) after three sampling methods are adopted, soil is sterilized, mixed bacteria liquid is inoculated, continuous culture and sampling sequencing analysis are carried out, wherein the sludge sample is most abundant in growing bacteria. Clay is the second, sand is the worst. Has positive correlation with the content of organic matters in soil.
Table 1: the number of bacteria per gram of sample
Example 2
The rescreened strain was cultured as follows:
(1) the compound microbial inoculum is cultured in a first-level fermentation broth culture medium, and the first-level fermentation broth culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1000 parts of distilled water, 20 parts of glucose, 15 parts of peptone, 5 parts of sodium chloride and 0.5 part of beef extract;
(2) then the mixture enters a secondary fermentation liquid culture medium to be cultured to obtain secondary fermentation seed liquid, wherein the secondary fermentation liquid culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10000 parts of corn flour or bean pulp, 5000 parts of fish meal, 8000 parts of glucose and 2000 parts of soybean hull powder.
(3) And three-stage continuous solid fermentation: and (3) spraying the secondary fermentation seed liquid to the solid fermentation material detoxified by high-temperature steam through a high-pressure spraying device, and then feeding the solid fermentation material into a composting reactor, wherein the aeration time interval is once every 2 hours.
Fresh pig manure is subjected to solid-liquid separation, the water content of the pig manure is 50-60%, the pig manure is uniformly mixed with corn flour and industrial glucose in a proper proportion, and the organic fertilizer fermentation formula material special for tobacco is prepared, and is shown in table 2. The formula materials are conveyed into a continuous solid fermentation container by a continuous conveying device, the height of the fermentation container of the formula materials is 6m, the formula materials are finally turned into black brown, the materials are loose, and the organic fertilizer special for tobacco can be prepared after being dried, and is shown in table 2.
Table 2: organic fertilizer material formula special for tobacco
| Material(s) | Manure/waste | Glucose | Corn flour/bean dregs |
| Ratio (%) | 70 | 10 | 20 |
Example 3
The application test of the organic fertilizer special for tobacco is disclosed.
Tobacco variety K326;
the test soil is a beef liver soil field;
test protocol: in the test, two treatments of the organic fertilizer sample prepared by the method and a comparative example are selected. According to the principle of the same total nitrogen dosage, the comparative example is a pure fertilizer, the nitrogen dosage per mu is 3.5kg, while the examples are 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% of organic nitrogen and 30% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen. The test results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: application test results
The test result shows that the organic fertilizer is superior to chemical fertilizer in the indexes, and the application of the organic fertilizer increases the yield, quality, output value and the like of tobacco leaves to a certain extent.
The organic fertilizer index detection is carried out according to the industrial standard;
table 4: main content and index of organic fertilizer
The results show that: the produced organic fertilizer meets the national standard of organic fertilizers, contains abundant soil beneficial bacteria, and can quickly improve soil and improve soil fertility.
Claims (5)
1. The composite microbial inoculum is characterized in that the active ingredients comprise the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 3-5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3-5 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1-3 parts of thiobacillus oxydans, 1-3 parts of leptospirillum ferrioxidans, 1-3 parts of rhodotorula and 3-10 parts of geotrichum mold; the bacillus subtilis is a strain PB6, and the thiobacillus oxydans is TS 6.
2. The method for preparing the tobacco planting organic fertilizer by using the compound microbial inoculum of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the compound microbial inoculum is cultured in a first-level fermentation broth culture medium, and the first-level fermentation broth culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1000 parts of distilled water, 20 parts of glucose, 15 parts of peptone, 5 parts of sodium chloride and 0.5 part of beef extract;
(2) then the mixture enters a secondary fermentation liquid culture medium to be cultured to obtain secondary fermentation seed liquid, wherein the secondary fermentation liquid culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10000 parts of corn flour or bean pulp, 5000 parts of fish meal, 8000 parts of glucose and 2000 parts of soybean hull powder;
(3) and three-stage continuous solid fermentation: spraying the secondary fermentation seed liquid to the solid fermentation material detoxified by high-temperature steam through a high-pressure spraying device, and then feeding the solid fermentation material into a composting reactor, wherein the aeration time interval is once every 2 hours;
the solid fermentation product comprises auxiliary materials, organic matters and glucose, and the mass ratio of the auxiliary materials to the organic matters to the glucose is 2: 7: 1; the auxiliary materials are one or a mixture of more of corn flour, straws, bran, rapeseed cakes and bean pulp;
the organic matter is pig manure.
3. The method for preparing the tobacco planting organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the secondary fermentation seed liquid to the solid fermentation material is 1: 1000.
4. the method for preparing the tobacco planting organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water content of the pig manure is 50-60%.
5. The method for preparing the tobacco planting organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the solid fermentation product comprises 70 parts of pig manure, 20 parts of corn flour or soybean meal and 10 parts of glucose.
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| CN102515951A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-06-27 | 湖南省微生物研究所 | Tobacco composite microbial fertilizer and its preparation method |
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