CN102491802A - Tea seed cake biological organic fertilizer and production method thereof - Google Patents
Tea seed cake biological organic fertilizer and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of a tea seed cake biological fertilizer. The production method uses 2 to 5 weight parts of tea seed cake, 3 to 7 weight parts of animal dung and 0.2 to 0.4 weight parts of bacterial agent as raw materials, wherein the tea seed cake is tea seed cake powder; the animal dung is chicken, duck, pig, cow or sheep dung; and the bacterial agent is nitrogen-fixing bacterium and cellulose decomposition bacterium combined bacterial agent or an effective microorganism (EM) bacterial agent. The production method comprises the following production steps: 1) mixing the tea seed cake and the animal powder according to a ratio, inoculating the bacterial agent, performing oxygenated fermentation in a fermentation tank, and performing pile turning and moisture regulating treatment for 1 to 3 times, wherein the fermentation conditions include: the moisture content in the tea seed cake and the animal dung is kept between 50 to 60 percent, aerobic fermentation is carried out first till the temperature of the material reaches 40 to 50 DEG C, then anaerobic fermentation is carried out with the ambient temperature above 25 DEG C till the fermented material gives off mildewy smell instead of odor; and (2) drying and crushing the fermented and decayed material, granulating the crushed material, and screening the grains to obtain the tea seed cake biological fertilizer. The organic fertilizer has the characteristics of overall functions, high efficiency, safety and low cost. The organic fertilizer has the combined functions of increasing fertility of soil and effectively killing pests.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biological organic fertilizer, relate in particular to a kind of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer and working method thereof.
Background technology
Bio-organic fertilizer refers to through the vital movement of mikrobe wherein; Not only can improve the supply of plant nutrient; Produce plant growth hormones, the promotion plant absorbs nutritive element, also has the pathogenic effects of some pathogenic micro-organism of antagonism; Alleviate diseases and pests of agronomic crop, thereby promote the increase of crop yield.Fertilizer has in agriculture prodn that nutrient is comprehensive, fertilizer efficiency is long, increase soil fertility, improve vital role such as crop yield and quality.But there are dirty, smelly, unhygienic, shortcomings such as nutrient content is low, fertilizer efficiency is slow, volume is big, making processes worker employed in a plant nursery is many, use inconvenience in traditional fertilizer in the process of producing and using.
Chinese patent 200610019753.2 discloses a kind of working method of live microbial composition EM prepn; Rice washing water adds an amount of waste molasses or brown sugar (Saccharum Sinensis Roxb.) or mashing slurries, phosphoric acid salt, salt, vitriol, yeast extract paste in proportion after regulating the processing of pH value and neutral protease, mixing stirs; Heated 100 ℃, 5 minutes; After the cooling, in 10～20% ratio inoculation EM living bacterial liquid, fermentation culture and getting.This preparation method is simple and reliable, and cost is low, is fit to suitability for industrialized production.
One Chinese patent application 02114362.5 discloses a kind of biological organic fertilizer and method of manufacture thereof; Adopting grouts, fowl and animal excrement, stalk is raw material; Through solid spawn fermentation with Bacillus licheniformis and subtilis cultivating and producing; Become thoroughly decomposed after air-dry or oven dry is pulverized and processed biological organic fertilizer.The weight ratio of its main raw material is: grouts 50～60%, fowl and animal excrement 10～30%, stalk 20～30%, bacterial classification 1～1.5%.Fermentation condition: nutritive substance C/N is controlled at 15～26: between 1, the organic materials water cut is controlled between 38%～52%, and the organism of fermentation suitable growth temperature is 50 ℃～70 ℃.These invention raw material sources are extensive, with low cost, and method of manufacture is simple, use fertilizer of the present invention and can improve quality of agricultural product, improve crop yield, and the physicochemical character of improving the soil reduces environmental pollution, shortens the crop growth phase.
It is the tea-seed cake organic fertilizer of raw material with the tea dregs of rice and animal excrement that applicant's one Chinese patent application 200910116860.0 discloses a kind of; Its preparation method is that each raw material is made after fermentation, drying, pulverizing, granulation and Screening Treatment; The weight percent of its each raw material is: tea dregs of rice 2-5%: animal excrement 3-7%; Said animal excrement water ratio is 50-60%, and the water ratio of the said tea dregs of rice is 50-60%.The present invention both provided adequate nutrients for crop, for crop abundant organic matter was provided again; On fertilizer efficiency, have long-acting, quick-acting and synergy unification effect, use this fertilizer, fertile strength is even, and fertilizer efficiency period is long, and it is fertile consistent to supply fertilizer and crop to need, and fully satisfies the demand of crop to nutritive element; While is desinsection effectively.But this application is the technical scheme in early grind stage, exists to use microbial inoculum and production technique to disclose insufficient problem.Therefore, be necessary further to solve working method imperfection problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly in order to remedy the defective of prior art, a kind of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer to be provided.Further purpose provides a kind of working method of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer, and type and the quantity of the contained mikrobe of organic fertilizer that this method is produced increase greatly, and mostly with the form appearance of efficient humic acids micro organism composite fertilizer (CHA).Have that function is complete, efficient, safety, characteristics that cost is low.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical scheme:
A kind of working method of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer, raw material comprise the tea dregs of rice, animal excrement and microbial inoculum, and the weight part of each raw material is: tea dregs of rice 2-5 part, animal excrement 3-7 part, microbial inoculum 0.2-0.4 part; The described tea dregs of rice are tea dregs of rice powder, and described animal excrement are selected from chicken manure or duck excrement or pig manure or cow dung or sheep excrement; Described microbial inoculum is the composite fungus agent of vinelandii and cellulose-decomposing bacterium or is the EM microbiobacterial agent; Comprise following production stage:
1), in fermenter, it is carried out the oxygenating thermophilic fermentation and the turning damping is handled 1-3 time with inserting microbial inoculum behind the tea dregs of rice, the animal excrement proportional mixing; Fermentation condition: the tea dregs of rice and animal excrement water cut are controlled between 50～60%, adopt earlier aerobic fermentation to expecting that temperature reaches 40-50 ℃, then at envrionment temperature anaerobically fermenting under the condition more than 25 ℃; The no stink of fermentation material sends, becomes bent fragrance and gets final product;
2) material behind the fermentation maturity is carried out drying, pulverizing, granulation and Screening Treatment, make tea-seed cake organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the weight part of described each raw material is: 3.5 parts of the tea dregs of rice, 5 parts of animal excrement, 0.3 part of microbial inoculum.
In order to regulate flora, in described step 1), also carry out the inoculation of secondary microbial inoculum.
In order fully to ferment and to regulate in the nutrient, in described step 1), also add rice bran, wheat bran, straw powder or brown sugar and participate in fermentation.
In order to regulate fertility, as required in described step 2) in, also add the inorganic fertilizer that comprises trace element in right amount, make fertilizer parcel inorganic fertilizer process particle and get final product.
Principle of the present invention is, tea-seed cake organic fertilizer is according to rhizosphere soil microecology and plant nutrition physiology principle, adopts bio-fermentation engineering, and microbial strains comprises thermophilic sporotrichum, amylomyces, vinelandii, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria.Thermophilic sporotrichum can be secreted a large amount of cellulases the tea dregs of rice, feces of livestock and poultry and the peat composed of rotten mosses etc. are resolved into organic matter fast.With the novel process that turning combines with oxygenation, promote the heat aerobic organisms fermentation of the tea dregs of rice and feces of livestock and poultry, decompose all kinds of organic macromolecule materials; Utilize fermenting organism heat energy (temperature can reach 70 ℃) to kill various sick worm's ovums simultaneously, reduce moisture content, decompose the urokinase in the chicken manure, degrading pesticide and chemical fertilizer are residual, prevent the chemical injury of crops poisoning, and most of organic contamination can be eliminated.The humic acids that fermentation produces then can chelating fixing heavy metal.The biological active organic fertilizer of production odorless, tasteless at last.It is to be core with active bacterium of multifunctional microbial and the life active compound that produces during the fermentation thereof; With fertilizer type organic matter is carrier; Having of being equipped with again that a spot of organic nutrient and micro-reasonable combination form is pollution-free, nuisanceless, is suitable for developing the new fertilizer of green food.During this period,, thus germ, worm's ovum and the grass-seed in the compost killed,
Tea-seed cake organic fertilizer has following characteristics:
1, four bacterium unification: the effective bacterium in the tea-seed cake organic fertilizer that the present invention produces mainly is vinelandii, phosphor bacterium, potassium bacterium and actinomycetes; Improved the 10-15% of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium utilization rate, nutritive elements such as competent nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium can be provided for plant growth.Fertilising back useful microbe can continue survival, and a large amount of breeding, constantly transforms the nitrogen element in organic and the fixed air, makes it change into the nutrient that plant can directly absorb.The function of mikrobe except that fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, contains raised growth hormone and microbiotic in its meta-bolites, the effect that stimulates plant growth and root system development and prevent disease is arranged.
2, three fertile unifications: the tea-seed cake organic fertilizer of the present invention's preparation is by fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer (a small amount of chemical fertilizer) and microorganism fertilizer three fertile unifications, both for crop provides adequate nutrients, for crop abundant organic matter is provided again.
3, triple effect unification: the tea-seed cake organic fertilizer of the present invention's preparation, on fertilizer efficiency, have long-acting, quick-acting and synergy unification effect, use this fertilizer, fertile strength is even, and fertilizer efficiency period is long, and it is fertile consistent to supply fertilizer and crop to need, and fully satisfies the demand of crop to nutritive element.
4, the tea saponin that makes full use of in the middle of the tea dregs of rice of the tea-seed cake organic fertilizer of the present invention preparation has toxic action to cold-blooded insect, the fertility of can earthing up, and effective desinsection kills two birds with one stone again.
Field test shows; The tea dregs of rice to produce in the tea oil processing are the fertilizer that main raw material is processed; In the planting experiment of cash crop such as Xiuning County, Huangshan and Tunxi District vegetables, fruit tree, tea place is used, obtained good effect, can reach the purpose of rapid stimulation plant growth after use in the field, reduced seedling-slowing stage and plant growth starting stage nutrient demand; Reduce the field insect; Suppressing or kill the infection disease in the multiple soil, improve crop yield and quality, is the desirable biological organic fertilizer of realizing innoxious green agriculture.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is done further explain.
Embodiment
The preparation of embodiment 1, one group of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer
Component 1: 2 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 3 parts of chicken manures, 0.02 part of EM microbial inoculum (production of the prosperous generation thing in Cangzhou technical institute).
Component 2: 3.5 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 5 parts of chicken manures, 0.2 part of EM microbial inoculum (production of the prosperous generation thing in Cangzhou technical institute).
Component 3: 5 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 7 parts of chicken manures, 0.4 part of EM microbial inoculum (production of the prosperous generation thing in Cangzhou technical institute).
Component 4: 2 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 3 parts in duck excrement, 0.02 part of EM microbial inoculum (Henan benefit natural resources Bioisystech Co., Ltd produces).
Component 5: 3.5 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 5 parts in duck excrement, 0.2 part of EM microbial inoculum (Henan benefit natural resources Bioisystech Co., Ltd produces).
Component 6: 5 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 7 parts in duck excrement, 0.4 part of EM microbial inoculum (Henan benefit natural resources Bioisystech Co., Ltd produces).
Component 7: 0.02 part of the fertilizer fermentation maturity microbial inoculum that 2 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 3 parts of pig manures, Beijing Jiulongsheng micro-organisms source development Co., Ltd are produced (microorganism fertilizer (2006) face word (0518) number), 1 part in rice bran.
Component 8: 0.2 part of fertilizer fermentation maturity microbial inoculum, 1 part in rice bran that 3.5 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 5 parts of pig manures, Beijing Jiulongsheng micro-organisms source development Co., Ltd produce.
Component 9: 0.4 part of fertilizer fermentation maturity microbial inoculum, 1 part in rice bran that 5 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 7 parts of pig manures, Beijing Jiulongsheng micro-organisms source development Co., Ltd produce.
Component 10: 0.02 part of the paddy continuous heavy rain board biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent that 2 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 3 parts of cow dungs, Lianye Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai are produced (microorganism fertilizer (2006) face word (0478) number), 1 part in wheat bran.
Component 11: 0.2 part of the paddy continuous heavy rain board biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent that 3.5 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 5 parts of cow dungs, Lianye Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai are produced (microorganism fertilizer (2006) face word (0478) number), 1 part in wheat bran.
Component 12: 0.4 part of the paddy continuous heavy rain board biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent that 5 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 7 parts of cow dungs, Lianye Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai are produced (microorganism fertilizer (2006) face word (0478) number), 1 part in wheat bran.
Component 13: 0.02 part of the Le Meisheng microorganism-decomposing agent that 2 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 3 parts in sheep excrement, Wuhan peace biological environmental production ltd produce (microorganism fertilizer (2007) face word (0576) number), 0.1 part in brown sugar.
Component 14: the Le Meisheng microorganism-decomposing agent that 3.5 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 5 parts in sheep excrement, Wuhan peace biological environmental production ltd produce (microorganism fertilizer (2007) face word (0576) number) 0.2,0.1 part of part of brown sugar.
Component 15: 0.4 part of the Le Meisheng microorganism-decomposing agent that 5 parts of (by weight) tea dregs of rice, 7 parts in sheep excrement, Wuhan peace biological environmental production ltd produce (microorganism fertilizer (2007) face word (0576) number), 0.1 part in brown sugar.
The production stage of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer:
1), in fermenter, it is carried out the oxygenating thermophilic fermentation and the turning damping is handled 1-3 time with inserting microbial inoculum behind the tea dregs of rice, the animal excrement proportional mixing; Fermenter is wide 2m, long 45m, dark 2m rectangular parallelepiped, and raw material is thrown in from the inlet of an end, progressively to the other end turning, forms the gradient of clocklike fermenting.Fermentation condition: the tea dregs of rice and animal excrement water cut are controlled between 50～60%, adopt earlier aerobic fermentation to expecting that temperature reaches 40-50 ℃, then at envrionment temperature anaerobically fermenting under the condition more than 25 ℃; The no stink of fermentation material sends, becomes bent fragrance and gets final product;
2) material behind the fermentation maturity is carried out drying, pulverizing, granulation and Screening Treatment, make tea-seed cake organic fertilizer.
The EM bacterium liquid that uses comprises liquid state, two kinds of formulations of pulvis, comprising lactobacillus spp, genus bacillus, nitrobacteria, actinomycetes, compound photosynthetic bacterium, nutrient substance etc.Viable bacteria content >=100 (hundred million/g or ml)
The preparation of embodiment 2, one group of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer
In order to regulate flora, on the basis of embodiment 1 technical scheme, in embodiment 1 described step 1), also carry out the inoculation of secondary microbial inoculum as required.
The preparation of embodiment 3, one group of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer
In order to regulate fertility, on the basis of embodiment 1 technical scheme, as required in embodiment 1 described step 2) in, also add the inorganic fertilizer that comprises trace element in right amount, make fertilizer parcel inorganic fertilizer process particle and get final product.
Detect embodiment: test basis Chinese agriculture ministerial standard NKF01-2001, NKF02-2001, NKF03-2001, NKF05-2001 and YN/T304-1995, GB8572-88.
The tea-seed cake organic fertilizer that the present invention produces satisfies following the key technical indexes through mensuration:
(1) N (%) 5.3, (2) P
2O
5(%) 2.2, (3) K
2Organic (%) 34 of O (%) 3.5, (4) micro-total amount (%) 0.3, (5) organic substance (%) 65, (6), (7) humic acids (%) 27, (8) crude protein (%) 16.7, (9) vinelandii are (individual/g) 2.3*10
4, (10) phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is (individual/g) 4.8*10
4, (11) potassium bacterium is (individual/g) 3*10
4, (12) actinomycetes are (individual/g) 2.6*10
7
12 months quality guaranteed perioves (under the drying conditions).
Field test embodiment: the application of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer in the tealeaves cultivation
1. test is provided with
As supplying the examination object, kind is the silver frost with tealeaves in this test.Test is established three and is handled three repetitions, and random packet is arranged, and the sub-district area is 30 square metres.
Each is handled:
Handle 1: every mu of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer 1000kg.
Handle 2: every mu of traditional compost 1000kg.
Handle 3: do not apply fertilizer (contrast).
Fertilizer is used as base manure, and each is handled except that institute's fertilise kind difference, and other cultivation management measure is all identical.
2. mainly measure project
2.1 tealeaves proterties: germination density, hundred buds weigh, bud is long.
2.2 influence to tea yield
3. data statistical approach
This test for data is carried out statistical study with the SAS statistical software.
4. interpretation of result
4.1 different fertilizer is handled the influence to plant growth
4.2 different fertilizer is handled the influence to tealeaves proterties characteristic
The each survey when producing, respectively an observation square chi germination density, hundred buds are heavy and a bud one leaf is long.The result sees table 1.Can know from table 1, not reach the significance difference opposite sex except that a bud one leaf is long, germination density, the otherness that hundred buds are heavy all reaches level of signification.Tea-seed cake organic fertilizer is compared with CK (handling 3), and germination density increases by 21.2%, hundred bud anharmonic ratio CK than CK and increases by 7.4%, one bud, one leaf than CK growth by 2.3%.Basic rule is: biological organic fertilizer is handled and is higher than traditional fertilizer processing, is higher than not fertilizer treatment.
Table 1. germination density, heavy, the long cartogram of bud of hundred buds
4.3 tea-seed cake organic fertilizer is to the influence of tea yield
After tea-seed cake organic fertilizer was used in the tea place, survey to produce the bright leaf of at every turn the gathering sub-district that all makes an experiment, and the result sees table 2.From table, can know that tea-seed cake organic fertilizer is compared with CK, tea-seed cake organic fertilizer sub-district one bud, one leaf mean yield is 1.92kg, and CK one bud one leaf sub-district mean yield is 1.69kg, increases by 13.6%.Statistical study difference reaches level of signification.Basic law is: biological organic fertilizer is handled, and is higher than not fertilizer treatment.On the present output of final body as a result of different fertilization to soil and farm crop influence.
Table 2. fresh tea leaf output statistics table
5. conclusion and discussion
Through test relatively biological organic fertilizer improving edatope and raising crop yield and improving the function aspect several such as crop quality.
1) different fertilizer between handling is more generally: biological organic fertilizer is more effective than traditional fertilizer, and traditional fertilizer is better than not applying fertilizer.
2) improving in the crop yield, is best to handle biological organic fertilizer still.
Claims (7)
1. the working method of a tea-seed cake organic fertilizer, raw material comprises the tea dregs of rice, animal excrement and microbial inoculum, the weight part of each raw material is: tea dregs of rice 2-5 part, animal excrement 3-7 part, microbial inoculum 0.2-0.4 part; The described tea dregs of rice are tea dregs of rice powder, and described animal excrement are selected from chicken manure or duck excrement or pig manure or cow dung or sheep excrement; Described microbial inoculum is the composite fungus agent of vinelandii and cellulose-decomposing bacterium or is the EM microbiobacterial agent; Comprise following production stage:
1), in fermenter, it is carried out the oxygenating thermophilic fermentation and the turning damping is handled 1-3 time with inserting microbial inoculum behind the tea dregs of rice, the animal excrement proportional mixing; Fermentation condition: the tea dregs of rice and animal excrement water cut are controlled between 50～60%, adopt earlier aerobic fermentation to expecting that temperature reaches 40-50 ℃, then at envrionment temperature anaerobically fermenting under the condition more than 25 ℃; The no stink of fermentation material sends, becomes bent fragrance and gets final product;
2) material behind the fermentation maturity is carried out drying, pulverizing, granulation and Screening Treatment, make tea-seed cake organic fertilizer.
2. the working method of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the weight part of described each raw material is: 3.5 parts of the tea dregs of rice, 5 parts of animal excrement, 0.3 part of microbial inoculum.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 the working method of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer is characterized in that: described microbial inoculum is selected from the EM microbial inoculum that EM microbial inoculum that the prosperous generation thing of Le Meisheng microorganism-decomposing agent or Cangzhou technical institute that paddy continuous heavy rain board biological organic fertilizer fermenting agent that fertilizer fermentation maturity microbial inoculum that the Beijing Jiulongsheng micro-organisms source development Co., Ltd produces or Lianye Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai produce or Wuhan peace biological environmental production ltd produce produces or Henan benefit natural resources Bioisystech Co., Ltd produce; Described EM microbial inoculum comprises lactobacillus spp, genus bacillus, nitrobacteria, actinomycetes, compound photosynthetic bacterium, nutrient substance, viable bacteria content >=10,000,000,000/g or ml.
4. according to claim 1 or claim 2 the working method of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer is characterized in that: in described step 1), also carry out the inoculation of secondary microbial inoculum, regulate flora.
5. according to claim 1 or claim 2 the working method of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer is characterized in that: in described step 1), also add rice bran, wheat bran, straw powder or brown sugar and participate in fermentation.
6. according to claim 1 or claim 2 the working method of tea-seed cake organic fertilizer is characterized in that: in described step 2) in, also add the inorganic fertilizer that comprises trace element in right amount, make fertilizer parcel inorganic fertilizer process particle and get final product.
7. a tea-seed cake organic fertilizer is characterized in that: adopt the working method like the arbitrary described tea-seed cake organic fertilizer of claim 1-6 to make.
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