CN106518400A - Method for preparing flower substrate from agricultural wastes - Google Patents
Method for preparing flower substrate from agricultural wastes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106518400A CN106518400A CN201611004390.5A CN201611004390A CN106518400A CN 106518400 A CN106518400 A CN 106518400A CN 201611004390 A CN201611004390 A CN 201611004390A CN 106518400 A CN106518400 A CN 106518400A
- Authority
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- straw
- maydis powder
- semen maydis
- agricultural wastes
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a flower substrate from agricultural wastes, and particularly relates to straws and livestock/poultry manure agricultural wastes. The method comprises the following steps: mixing a corn flour extracting solution and beneficial microorganisms to obtain a fermentation liquid microbial inoculant, uniformly mixing the liquid microbial inoculant with straws, livestock/poultry manure and corn flour, fermenting for 20-30 days, and proportionally mixing the obtained organic fertilizer with perlite, vermiculite, peat and a water retention agent to obtain the flower culture substrate. The substrate has light volume weight, and thus, is convenient to transport. The substrate has favorable water retention property, thereby reducing the watering frequency and saving the water consumption. The substrate has abundant nutrient substances, and does not need any additional chemical fertilizer in the flower growth period. The substrate lowers the flower planting cost and disease/pest possibility. The substrate solves the problem of environment pollution caused by improper treatment of agricultural wastes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flower culture and agricultural waste utilization field, more particularly to one kind is with straw and feces of livestock and poultry system
The method of standby flowers substrate.
Background technology
At present in flower culture, the development of soilless substrate is increasingly welcome by people, a large amount of due to containing in peat
Organic matter, ventilative water permeability is good, and water retention property is good, and unit weight is little, and quality is light, no disease and pests harm and worm's ovum, plants often as flowers
Training substrate.But China is more extensive for the production ratio of peat growing medium, cause that added value of product is low, nutrition is single, poor water retention property,
Taking root, difficulty, bud ratio be low, nursery mortality rate high, it is impossible to meets the needs of agricultural horticulture and flower large area deposition, also increases flower
The cost of grass production.Therefore, the substitution material of peat growing medium is found, is the problem that flower cultivation needs to solve.
Conventional peat substitution material includes perlite, Vermiculitum and turf etc., and one or more are compounded, and make flowers
Substrate.Patent CN200910076676.8 discloses a kind of floriculture substrate and preparation method thereof, by peat, Margarita
Add moisture conditioner, pH conditioners and Nutrient germinant in rock, Vermiculitum, obtain flowers substrate, the complex process, required medicament
It is more, it is relatively costly, still for solving the problems, such as the use of peat.Patent CN201410072389.0 and CN201310689738.9 are adopted
Flowers substrate is prepared with Municipal activated sludge, although content of beary metal in activated sludge can be reduced using some treatment measures, but
Pathogenic bacterium and worm's ovum in activated sludge can affect the growth of flowers.It is therefore necessary to finding mud that is cheap, using safety
Charcoal substitution material.
China is large agricultural country, and agriculture waste species are various and enormous amount, and agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry are produced per year
Amount respectively at 700,000,000 tons and 3,000,000,000 tons or so, containing substantial amounts of organic matter and trace element, be one kind be that potential peat growing medium is replaced
For material.Without the agricultural wastes of fermentation maturity directly as substrate using burn seedlings phenomenon, patent occurs
CN201510654909.3, CN201310689738.9, CN201410646858.5, CN201410646861.7 and
Maninot esculenta crantz. that CN201310689738.9 discloses to become thoroughly decomposed respectively, vinegar, Folium Camelliae sinensis, Pinus massoniana Lamb, agricultural wastes prepare flowers base
The method of matter, little strong et al. the product that also becomes thoroughly decomposed to agricultural and garden waste of Zhang Qiang, Luan Ya peace Gong are improved preparation flowers
Substrate, but as stalk garbage contains the substantial amounts of cellulose for being difficult to degrade and hemicellulose, cause decomposed period long, send out
Ferment thing nutrient content is low, it is difficult to meet the needs of flowers long term growth.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve the problems, such as prior art, there is provided a kind of to prepare by raw material of agricultural wastes
The method of flowers substrate, the agricultural wastes of the present invention refer in particular to straw and feces of livestock and poultry, by agricultural stalk and animal dung
Just middle addition Semen Maydis powder, then spray the Semen Maydis powder extracting solution containing probioticss and ferment 20 ~ 30 days, by the fertilizer for obtaining and Margarita
Rock, Vermiculitum, peat and water-retaining agent are configured to floriculture substrate in proportion, and the substrate unit weight is little, convenient to carry；Water-retaining property
It is good, irrigation times can be reduced, is reduced water consumption；Nutrient substance enriches, and is not required to additionally use chemical fertilizer during flower growth；
Reduce the generation of flower planting cost and pest and disease damage；Solve agricultural wastes and deal with the risk to environment improperly.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, and concrete operation step is as follows：
（1）It is prepared by Semen Maydiss powder extracts：The Semen Maydiss for drying pulverizer grinding and sieving, the Semen Maydis powder for obtaining are delayed with phosphate
Liquid mixing is rushed, mixed liquor is stood after being stirred at room temperature, obtain supernatant Semen Maydis powder extracting solution and solid phase Semen Maydis powder precipitation；
（2）It is prepared by fermenting agent：By step（1）In supernatant extracting solution mix with beneficial microbe bacterium, obtain fermenting agent；
（3）Stalk fermentation：By straw, fowl and animal excrement and step（1）In Semen Maydis powder precipitation mix homogeneously, spray step（2）Institute
Zymocyte is obtained, after stacking fermentation, is crushed standby；
（4）It is prepared by flowers substrate：By step（3）Tunning after middle crushing is mixed with perlite, Vermiculitum, plant ash, water-retaining agent
It is even, prepare flowers substrate.
Wherein, the step（1）In, phosphate buffering liquid concentration is 0.1 ~ 1mol/L, and pH is 7, with Semen Maydis powder with 1 ~ 2：1
Mass ratio mixing；Mixed liquor is stood after stirring 120 ~ 180min, time of repose 1 ~ 2 day.
The step（2）In, beneficial microbe bacterium is saccharomyces cerevisiae, aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, hay bud
Spore bacillus, the mixed bacteria of bacillus thuringiensiss.
Bacterium is processed beneficial microbe as follows：Funguses are with potato dextrose broth culture, antibacterial
With beef extract-peptone fluid medium culture, with 0.5% ~ 1% inoculum concentration and step（1）Semen Maydis powder extracting solution mixing, mixing
The total viable count of fermenting agent of acquisition is 20,000,000,000/milliliter.
The step（3）In, the inoculative proportion of fermenting agent is the 0.1% ~ 1% of straw and feces of livestock and poultry quality.
The step（3）In, straw includes the one kind or several in rice straw, corn straw, peanut straw, wheat stalk
Kind；Fowl and animal excrement includes pig manure, cattle manure, one or more in chicken manure.
Carry out static aerobic During High-Temperature Composting in the booth of cement flooring, heap 1.5 ~ 2.0m of height of embankment, 2 ~ 3m of diameter, containing straw,
Fowl and animal excrement, step（1）In solid phase Semen Maydis powder, it is 25 ~ 30 to adjust C/N with feces of livestock and poultry, and moisture content 60 ~ 70%, sprinkling are a kind of
Or several composite fluid fermenting agents, inoculum concentration for stack weight 0.1 ~ 1%, carry out the aerobic high-heat fermentation of 20 ~ 30 days, heap
Front 10 ~ 15 days of fertilizer once, and adds appropriate moisture every turning in 2 days, to keep the moisture content of abundance, the compost later stage every
Turning in one week once, to mix material；
When corn straw and cattle manure thing temperature are down to room temperature, and color is presented brown and odorless, stacking is spread out dry in the sun
Crushed after being dried is sieved for subsequent use.
The step（4）In, tunning, perlite, Vermiculitum, plant ash, water-retaining agent respectively according to 2 ~ 5 parts, 3 ~ 5 parts, 3
~ 5 parts, 1 ~ 2 part, 0.5 ~ 1 part of volume ratio be configured to flowers substrate.
The step（4）In, water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide particle, 3 ~ 5mm of particle diameter.
A further object of the present invention is to provide the flowers substrate prepared using said method.
The substrate unit weight is little, convenient to carry；Good water-retaining property, can reduce irrigation times, reduce water consumption；Nutrient substance is rich
Richness, is not required to additionally use chemical fertilizer during flower growth；Reduce the generation of flower planting cost and pest and disease damage；Solve agricultural
The improper risk to environment of offal treatment.
The present invention using agricultural wastes as the main component of floriculture substrate, in the premise for meeting flowers normal growth
Under, the usage amount of Nutrition Soil can be both reduced, production cost is reduced, increases economic benefit, while can also avoid because of agriculture waste
Thing deals with the risk to environment improperly.
Specific embodiment
For the ease of the understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention is made further with reference to specific embodiment
It is bright.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae used in embodiment（Saccharomyces）, Trichoderma viride（Trichoderma viride）, black fermented preparation
It is mould（Aspergillus niger）, acinetobacter calcoaceticus（Acinetobactersp）, bacillus subtilises（Bacillus subtilis）, bacillus thuringiensiss (Bacillus thuringiensisBerliner) be purchased from Chinese culture presevation
The heart, saccharomyces cerevisiae numbering bio-68045, aspergillus niger numbering bio-68022, Trichoderma viride numbering bio-66770, bacillus subtilis
Bacterium numbering bio-75402, acinetobacter calcoaceticus bio-77730, bacillus thuringiensiss bio-62253.
Embodiment 1
（1）The preparation of Semen Maydiss powder extracts：20 mesh sieves, the Semen Maydis powder for obtaining and phosphorus is crossed after the Semen Maydiss for drying are crushed with pulverizer
Phthalate buffer in mass ratio 1:2 ratio is mixed, and is stirred at room temperature 180 minutes, stands 2 days, is collected solid phase Semen Maydis powder and is sunk
Form sediment and Semen Maydis powder extracting solution is standby；
（2）The preparation of inoculation microbial inoculum：With saccharomyces cerevisiae（Saccharomyces）, aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), it is green
Color Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma viride), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (AcinetobacterSp), bacillus subtilises (Bacillus subtilis), bacillus thuringiensiss (Bacillus thuringiensisBerliner) it is microbe inoculation, funguses are with horse
Bell potato dextrose broth culture, antibacterial access Semen Maydiss with beef extract-peptone fluid medium culture with 1% inoculum concentration
Powder extracting solution, total viable count reach 20,000,000,000/milliliter, wherein saccharomyces cerevisiae viable count be 1,000,000,000/milliliter, aspergillus niger be 1,000,000,000/milli
Liter, Trichoderma viride are 5,000,000,000/milliliter, acinetobacter calcoaceticus are 1,000,000,000/milliliter, bacillus subtilises are 10,000,000,000/milliliter, Su Yun gold buds
Spore bacillus is 2,000,000,000/milliliter；
（3）Agricultural wastes aerobic high-heat ferments：Static aerobic During High-Temperature Composting, heap height of embankment is carried out in the booth of cement flooring
2.0m, diameter 3m, containing the solid phase Semen Maydis powder in corn straw, step 1, it is 30 to adjust C/N with dry cow dung, moisture content 70%, sprinkling
Composite fluid fermenting agent, inoculum concentration for stack weight 1% carry out the aerobic high-heat fermentation of 30 days, before compost 15 days every 2
Its turning once, and adds appropriate moisture, to keep sufficient moisture content, the compost later stage week about turning once, with
Just mix material；
（4）The preparation of fertilizer：When corn straw and cattle manure thing temperature are down to room temperature, color is presented brown and odorless
When, stacking to be spread out and pulverize and sieve after dryness in the sun, the fertilizer content of organic matter is 72.2%, total nutrient（N+P2O5+K2O）Content
For 6.2%, water content is 21%, and total porosity is 61.2%, and unit weight is 0.52g/cm3, and electrical conductivity is 3.23mS/cm.
The preparation of floriculture substrate：By step（4）Major ingredient of the fertilizer for obtaining as rice seedling raising ground substance, by with
Perlite, Vermiculitum, plant ash, water-retaining agent respectively according to 2 parts, 5 parts, 4 parts, 1 part, 1 part of proportions into floriculture substrate,
The content of organic matter is 41.1%, total nutrient（N+P2O5+K2O）Content is 4.1%, and water content is 17.2%, and porosity is 57.7%, is held
Weight is 0.61g/cm3, and electrical conductivity is 0.34mS/cm.
Embodiment 2
（1）The preparation of Semen Maydiss powder extracts：20 mesh sieves, the Semen Maydis powder for obtaining and phosphorus is crossed after the Semen Maydiss for drying are crushed with pulverizer
Phthalate buffer in mass ratio 1:1.5 ratio is mixed, and is stirred at room temperature 150 minutes, stands 2 days, collects solid phase Semen Maydis powder
It is standby with Semen Maydis powder extracting solution；
（2）The preparation of inoculation microbial inoculum：With saccharomyces cerevisiae（Saccharomyces）, aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), it is green
Color Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma viride), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (AcinetobacterSp), bacillus subtilises (Bacillus subtilis), bacillus thuringiensiss (Bacillus thuringiensisBerliner) it is microbe inoculation, funguses are with horse
Bell potato dextrose broth culture, antibacterial are accessed with 0.5% inoculum concentration beautiful with beef extract-peptone fluid medium culture
Rice flour extracting solution, total viable count reach 20,000,000,000/milliliter, wherein saccharomyces cerevisiae viable count be 1,000,000,000/milliliter, aspergillus niger be 2,000,000,000/
Milliliter, Trichoderma viride are 1,000,000,000/milliliter, acinetobacter calcoaceticus are 2,000,000,000/milliliter, bacillus subtilises are 12,000,000,000/milliliter, Su Yunjin
Bacillus cereuss are 2,000,000,000/milliliter；
（3）Agricultural wastes aerobic high-heat ferments：Static aerobic During High-Temperature Composting, heap height of embankment is carried out in the booth of cement flooring
2.0m, diameter 3m, containing the solid phase Semen Maydis powder in rice straw, step 1, it is 30 to adjust C/N with dry pig manure, moisture content 70%, sprinkling
Composite fluid fermenting agent, inoculum concentration for stack weight 0.9%, carry out 30 days aerobic high-heat fermentation, before compost 15 days every
Turning in 2 days once, and adds appropriate moisture, to keep sufficient moisture content, the compost later stage week about turning once, with
Just mix material；
（4）The preparation of fertilizer：When rice straw and pig manure fermentation thing temperature are down to room temperature, color is presented brown and odorless
When, stacking to be spread out and pulverize and sieve after dryness in the sun, the fertilizer content of organic matter is 65.1%, total nutrient（N+P2O5+K2O）Content
For 5.6%, water content is 19%, and total porosity is 62.4%, and unit weight is 0.57g/cm3, and electrical conductivity is 3.54mS/cm.
The preparation of floriculture substrate：By step（4）Major ingredient of the fertilizer for obtaining as floriculture substrate, by with
Perlite, Vermiculitum, plant ash, water-retaining agent are respectively according to 3 parts, 3 parts, 3 parts, 1.5 parts, 0.5 part of proportions into flower culture
Substrate, the content of organic matter are 52.2%, total nutrient（N+P2O5+K2O）Content is 6.2%, and water content is 21.4%, and porosity is
58.8%, unit weight is 0.64g/cm3, and electrical conductivity is 0.89mS/cm.
Embodiment 3
（1）The preparation of Semen Maydiss powder extracts：20 mesh sieves, the Semen Maydis powder for obtaining and phosphorus is crossed after the Semen Maydiss for drying are crushed with pulverizer
Phthalate buffer in mass ratio 1:1 ratio is mixed, and is stirred at room temperature 120 minutes, stands 2 days, collect solid phase Semen Maydis powder and
Semen Maydis powder extracting solution is standby；
（2）The preparation of inoculation microbial inoculum：With saccharomyces cerevisiae（Saccharomyces）, aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), it is green
Color Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma viride), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (AcinetobacterSp), bacillus subtilises (Bacillus subtilis), bacillus thuringiensiss (Bacillus thuringiensisBerliner) it is microbe inoculation, with Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream
Peptone fluid medium culture, accesses Semen Maydis powder extracting solution with 0.6% inoculum concentration, and total viable count reaches 20,000,000,000/milliliter, wherein
Saccharomyces cerevisiae viable count is 1,000,000,000/milliliter, aspergillus niger is 1,000,000,000/milliliter, Trichoderma viride is 5,000,000,000/milliliter, acinetobacter calcoaceticus are 10
Hundred million/milliliter, bacillus subtilises are 10,000,000,000/milliliter, bacillus thuringiensiss are 2,000,000,000/milliliter；
（3）Agricultural wastes aerobic high-heat ferments：Static aerobic During High-Temperature Composting, heap height of embankment is carried out in the booth of cement flooring
2.0m, diameter 3m, containing Semen arachidis hypogaeae, Semen Tritici aestivi mixed straw and solid phase Semen Maydis powder, it is 27 to adjust C/N with chicken manure, moisture content 70%, sprinkling
Liquid fermentation agent, inoculum concentration for stack weight 0.1%, carry out 25 days aerobic high-heat fermentation, before compost 15 days every 2 days
Turning once, and adds appropriate moisture, to keep sufficient moisture content, the compost later stage week about turning once, so as to
Mix material；
（4）The preparation of fertilizer：When Semen Maydiss, Semen arachidis hypogaeae mixed straw and chicken manure fermenting thing temperature are down to room temperature, color is presented brown
And during odorless, stacking is spread out and pulverize and sieve after dryness in the sun.
By agricultural wastes are carried out with aerobic fermentation using beneficial microbial inoculum, recycling is become thoroughly decomposed, and thing preparation is efficient to spend the present invention
Grass cultivation matrix, provides technical support for rational exploitation and utilization floriculture substrate resource.This will be to floriculture substrate
Industry development has promotion and induced effect, and can produce significant economic benefit and social benefit.
Claims (10)
1. it is a kind of with agricultural wastes as raw material prepare flowers substrate method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
（1）It is prepared by Semen Maydiss powder extracts：The Semen Maydiss for drying pulverizer grinding and sieving, the Semen Maydis powder for obtaining are delayed with phosphate
Liquid mixing is rushed, mixed liquor is stood after being stirred at room temperature, obtain supernatant Semen Maydis powder extracting solution and solid phase Semen Maydis powder precipitation；
（2）It is prepared by fermenting agent：By step（1）In supernatant extracting solution mix with beneficial microbe bacterium, obtain fermenting agent；
（3）Stalk fermentation：By straw, fowl and animal excrement and step（1）In Semen Maydis powder precipitation mix homogeneously, spray step（2）Institute
Zymocyte is obtained, after stacking fermentation, is crushed standby；
（4）It is prepared by flowers substrate：By step（3）Tunning after middle crushing is mixed with perlite, Vermiculitum, plant ash, water-retaining agent
It is even, prepare flowers substrate.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（1）In, phosphate buffering liquid concentration be 0.1 ~
1mol/L, pH are 7, with Semen Maydis powder with 1 ~ 2：1 mass ratio mixing.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that mixed liquor is stood after stirring 120 ~ 180min, time of repose 1
~ 2 days.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（2）In, beneficial microbe bacterium is wine brewing ferment
Mother, aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, bacillus subtilises, the mixed bacteria of bacillus thuringiensiss.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（2）In, beneficial microbe bacterium is as follows
Processed：Funguses with potato dextrose broth culture, antibacterial with beef extract-peptone fluid medium culture, with
0.5% ~ 1% inoculum concentration and step（1）Semen Maydis powder extracting solution mixing, mix obtain the total viable count of fermenting agent be 20,000,000,000/milli
Rise.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（3）In, the inoculative proportion of fermenting agent is straw
The 0.1% ~ 1% of stalk and feces of livestock and poultry quality.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（3）In, straw includes rice straw, Semen Maydiss
One or more in straw, peanut straw, wheat stalk；Fowl and animal excrement includes pig manure, cattle manure, the one kind or several in chicken manure
Kind.
8. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（4）In, tunning, perlite, Vermiculitum,
Plant ash, water-retaining agent are configured to flowers substrate according to 2 ~ 5 parts, 3 ~ 5 parts, 3 ~ 5 parts, 1 ~ 2 part, 0.5 ~ 1 part of volume ratio respectively.
9. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step（4）In, water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide
Grain, 3 ~ 5mm of particle diameter.
10. the flowers substrate for being prepared according to any one of claim 1 ~ 9 methods described.
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| CN116138132A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2023-05-23 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Flower matrix based on waste such as coconut leaves and preparation method thereof |
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