CN111587761A - Method for preparing crop culture medium by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of livestock waste resources - Google Patents
Method for preparing crop culture medium by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of livestock waste resources Download PDFInfo
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- CN111587761A CN111587761A CN202010296171.9A CN202010296171A CN111587761A CN 111587761 A CN111587761 A CN 111587761A CN 202010296171 A CN202010296171 A CN 202010296171A CN 111587761 A CN111587761 A CN 111587761A
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- Prior art keywords
- acidolysis
- microwave
- straw
- amino acid
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a crop culture medium by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of livestock waste resources, which comprises the following steps: A. adding a proper amount of water and acid into the livestock and poultry manure, performing microwave acidolysis by using a microwave digestion instrument, performing microwave acidolysis to obtain a compound amino acid hydrolysate, and collecting the compound amino acid hydrolysate; B. the method comprises the following steps of (1) roughly crushing straws by using a crusher, adding a proper amount of water and acid, carrying out microwave acidolysis by using a microwave digestion instrument to obtain solid matters and acidolysis solution after straw acidolysis, collecting the solid matters after straw acidolysis, and carrying out acidolysis on the straws to prepare for other uses; C. mixing the solid matter obtained after the straw acidolysis and the composite amino acid hydrolysate, wherein the ratio of the solid matter obtained after the straw acidolysis to the composite amino acid hydrolysate is 2:1, then adding a proper amount of plant ash, and stirring. The invention can realize safe culture, effectively reduce crop pest and disease damage, fully improve the safety and nutrient utilization rate of the matrix and achieve the aim of improving the yield and quality of crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field related to culture media, in particular to a method for preparing a crop culture medium by hydrolyzing livestock waste resources by microwaves.
Background
At present, a large amount of excrement generated in the livestock and poultry breeding process is prepared into an organic fertilizer through a composting fermentation mode, but the added value of the product is not high, the quality is unstable, the fermentation process can cause environmental pollution, simultaneously, a large amount of substances containing cellulose such as various crop straws, rice bran shells and the like are generated in China every year, the substances are used as feed and are less than 10 percent, the rest substances are incinerated, a large amount of straws are returned to the field under the promotion of governments in recent years, the straw returning is a method for directly or after being piled and decomposed into soil, although the straw returning has the advantage of improving the soil, the problems of aggravation of plant diseases and insect pests, fertilizer competition with the crops, large consumption of nitrogen fertilizer and the like can be caused, the pesticide consumption is increased, the pesticide residue is high, the crop growth is limited, the yield is reduced, the quality is poor and the like, in addition, various nutrient elements exist in, however, the lignin and hemicellulose exist in a combined state, and are not easy or cannot be absorbed by plants, so that the effect of increasing the weight of the plants cannot be achieved. In addition, if the straws are on the soil surface or a plough layer, the roots can not be rooted into the soil after the seeds germinate, the roots can not absorb moisture and nutrients due to long-term contact with the soil, diseases, weak seedlings and the like can be caused, the crop yield is reduced, the straws are piled up and thoroughly decomposed and then applied into the soil, the labor and the time are wasted, the quality of the piled thoroughly decomposed materials can not be guaranteed, and the traditional soilless culture substrate for the crops is generally prepared from peat soil, coconut chaff, the straws, vermiculite, fermented chicken manure and the like; the traditional straw treatment mode is basically crushing or decomposing, the chemical structure of the straw cannot be changed by crushing, but pathogenic bacteria are easily generated; the chemical structure of the straw can be damaged by decomposition, but the fermentation period is long, and fermentation pollutants can be generated; meanwhile, the fermented chicken manure is difficult to remove worm eggs, pathogenic bacteria, antibiotics and the like, and a method for preparing a crop culture medium by hydrolyzing waste resources of livestock and poultry by using microwaves is designed so as to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a crop culture medium by hydrolyzing waste livestock resources by microwaves so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the method for preparing the crop culture medium by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of the livestock waste resources comprises the following steps:
A. adding a proper amount of water and acid into the livestock and poultry manure, performing microwave acidolysis by using a microwave digestion instrument, performing microwave acidolysis to obtain a compound amino acid hydrolysate, and collecting the compound amino acid hydrolysate;
B. the method comprises the following steps of (1) roughly crushing straws by using a crusher, adding a proper amount of water and acid, carrying out microwave acidolysis by using a microwave digestion instrument to obtain solid matters and acidolysis solution after straw acidolysis, collecting the solid matters after straw acidolysis, and carrying out acidolysis on the straws to prepare for other uses;
C. mixing the solid matter subjected to straw acidolysis and the composite amino acid hydrolysate, wherein the ratio of the solid matter subjected to straw acidolysis to the composite amino acid hydrolysate is 2:1, then adding a proper amount of plant ash, and stirring;
D. drying a mixture of solid matters obtained after the straw acidolysis, the compound amino acid hydrolysate and the plant ash;
E. then adding auxiliary materials such as coconut chaff, humic acid, various medium and trace elements, a binder, a starter and the like and a microbial agent step by step according to a certain proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture medium.
Preferably, the pH value of a mixture of the solid matter obtained after the straw acidolysis, the compound amino acid hydrolysate and the plant ash is 5.0-7.0.
Preferably, the weight parts of the coconut coir are 35-45 parts, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 10-25 parts of various medium and trace elements, 20-35 parts of a binder, 15-30 parts of a starter and 5-15 parts of a microbial agent.
Preferably, the straw is pulverized and then passed through a 5-mesh or higher screen.
Preferably, the microbial agent is any one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to a method for preparing crop cultivation medium by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of livestock waste resources, which is characterized in that livestock manure can be subjected to microwave acidolysis to obtain compound amino acid hydrolysate, can provide various nutrient components required by crop growth, and is compounded with straw decomposers according to a certain proportion to form a proper carbon-nitrogen ratio, so that microbial thallus propagation is facilitated, the compound amino acid hydrolysate is mixed with plant ash, the nutrients of the cultivation medium are improved, the source is wide, the cost is low, the nutrients are complete, and safe and harmless treatment and high added value utilization of wastes can be realized at the same time.
2. According to the invention, after the straws are subjected to microwave treatment, the chemical bonds for connecting cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are broken, the lignin subjected to microwave acid treatment can quickly form a porous structure, the specific surface area is increased, the adsorption and water retention performance of the matrix is enhanced, an ideal medium is provided for adsorbing various nutritional ingredients and microbial agents, pathogenic bacteria and eggs can be fully killed and antibiotics can be degraded through the process of microwave acid hydrolysis, the lignin, the cellulose and the hemicellulose in the straws and rice chaff can be effectively separated to form a carbon source and a nitrogen source which can be efficiently utilized, the carbon source and the nitrogen source in the matrix provide good propagation conditions for microorganisms, the safety and the nutrient utilization rate of the matrix can be fully improved, and the effects of high speed and low cost are achieved.
3. According to the bacillus subtilis and the preparation method thereof, a large amount of active substances can be generated through metabolism after bacillus propagation, pathogenic bacteria growth is resisted, safe culture can be realized, crop pest and disease damage occurrence can be effectively reduced, the disease occurrence probability of succeeding crops can be reduced, the pest and disease damage occurrence can be effectively controlled for the succeeding crops, and the yield and the quality of the crops are improved.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the application solves the problems in the prior art by providing a method for preparing a crop culture medium by hydrolyzing waste livestock resources by microwaves.
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
The embodiment provides a method for preparing a crop culture medium by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of livestock waste resources, which comprises the following steps:
A. adding a proper amount of water and acid into the livestock and poultry manure, performing microwave acidolysis by using a microwave digestion instrument, performing microwave acidolysis to obtain a compound amino acid hydrolysate, and collecting the compound amino acid hydrolysate;
B. the method comprises the following steps of (1) roughly crushing straws by using a crusher, adding a proper amount of water and acid, carrying out microwave acidolysis by using a microwave digestion instrument to obtain solid matters and acidolysis solution after straw acidolysis, collecting the solid matters after straw acidolysis, and carrying out acidolysis on the straws to prepare for other uses;
C. mixing the solid matter subjected to straw acidolysis and the composite amino acid hydrolysate, wherein the ratio of the solid matter subjected to straw acidolysis to the composite amino acid hydrolysate is 2:1, then adding a proper amount of plant ash, and stirring;
D. drying a mixture of solid matters obtained after the straw acidolysis, the compound amino acid hydrolysate and the plant ash;
E. then adding auxiliary materials such as coconut chaff, humic acid, various medium and trace elements, a binder, a starter and the like and a microbial agent step by step according to a certain proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a culture medium;
the pH value of a mixture of solid matters after the straw acidolysis, the compound amino acid hydrolysate and the plant ash is 5.0-7.0;
35-45 parts of coconut coir, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 10-25 parts of various medium and trace elements, 20-35 parts of binder, 15-30 parts of starter and 5-15 parts of microbial agent.
In the embodiment, proper amount of water and acid are added into livestock and poultry manure, microwave acidolysis is carried out through a microwave digestion instrument furnace, compound amino acid hydrolysate is obtained after microwave acidolysis, various nutrient components required by crop growth can be provided, the compound amino acid hydrolysate is collected, straws are coarsely crushed by a crusher, proper amount of water and acid are added, microwave acidolysis is carried out through the microwave digestion instrument furnace, solid matters and acidolysis liquid after straw acidolysis are obtained, and after the straws are subjected to microwave treatment, chemical bonds for connecting cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are broken, so that the carbon source and the nitrogen source which can be efficiently utilized are formed; the carbon source and the nitrogen source in the matrix provide good propagation conditions for microorganisms, the safety and the nutrient utilization rate of the matrix can be fully improved, lignin treated by microwave acid can be quickly formed into a porous structure, the specific surface area is increased, the adsorption and water retention performance of the matrix is enhanced, an ideal medium is provided for adsorbing various nutrient components and microbial agents, solid matters after straw acidolysis are collected, acidolysis solution after straw acidolysis is prepared for other use, the solid matters after straw acidolysis and the compound amino acid hydrolysis solution are mixed according to the proportion of 2:1 to form a proper carbon-nitrogen ratio, which is very beneficial to microbial body propagation, then a proper amount of plant ash is added, stirring is carried out, the pH value is adjusted to 5.0-7.0, the mixed solid matters after straw acidolysis, the compound amino acid hydrolysis solution and the plant ash mixture are dried, and then 35-45 parts by weight of coconut husk are sequentially added, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 10-25 parts of various medium and trace elements, 20-35 parts of binder, 15-30 parts of starter and 5-15 parts of microbial agent, wherein the microbial agent can be metabolized to generate a large amount of active substances to resist the growth of pathogenic bacteria, so that safe culture can be realized, the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests is effectively reduced, the culture medium is obtained by fully and uniformly mixing, and the safe and harmless treatment and high added value utilization of wastes can be realized at the same time.
Example two
A further improvement is made on the basis of the embodiment 1: the microbial agent is any one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and can be metabolized to generate a large amount of active substances after the bacillus is propagated so as to resist the growth of pathogenic bacteria, so that safe culture can be realized, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests of crops can be effectively reduced, the incidence of disease of succeeding crops can be reduced, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests can be effectively controlled, and the yield and the quality of the crops can be improved.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships illustrated only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be further noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, connected through an intermediate medium, or connected through the insides of two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The method for preparing the crop culture medium by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of the livestock waste resources is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. adding a proper amount of water and acid into the livestock and poultry manure, performing microwave acidolysis by using a microwave digestion instrument, performing microwave acidolysis to obtain a compound amino acid hydrolysate, and collecting the compound amino acid hydrolysate;
B. the method comprises the following steps of (1) roughly crushing straws by using a crusher, adding a proper amount of water and acid, carrying out microwave acidolysis by using a microwave digestion instrument to obtain solid matters and acidolysis solution after straw acidolysis, collecting the solid matters after straw acidolysis, and carrying out acidolysis on the straws to prepare for other uses;
C. mixing the solid matter subjected to straw acidolysis and the composite amino acid hydrolysate, wherein the ratio of the solid matter subjected to straw acidolysis to the composite amino acid hydrolysate is 2:1, then adding a proper amount of plant ash, and stirring;
D. drying a mixture of solid matters obtained after the straw acidolysis, the compound amino acid hydrolysate and the plant ash;
E. then adding auxiliary materials such as coconut chaff, humic acid, various medium and trace elements, a binder, a starter and the like and a microbial agent step by step according to a certain proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the culture medium.
2. The method for preparing a crop cultivation substrate by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of livestock waste resources according to claim 1, wherein the pH value of the mixed solid after straw acidolysis, the composite amino acid hydrolysate and plant ash is 5.0-7.0.
3. The method for preparing the crop cultivation substrate by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of livestock waste resources according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight parts of the coconut chaff are 35-45 parts, humic acid 20-30 parts, various medium and trace elements 10-25 parts, binder 20-35 parts, starter 15-30 parts and microbial agent 5-15 parts.
4. The method for preparing the crop cultivation substrate by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of livestock waste resources according to claim 1, characterized in that: the straw crushing is a crushed material obtained by sieving the crushed material with a sieve of more than 5 meshes.
5. The method for preparing the crop cultivation substrate by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of livestock waste resources according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microbial agent is any one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
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| CN202010296171.9A CN111587761A (en) | 2020-04-15 | 2020-04-15 | Method for preparing crop culture medium by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of livestock waste resources |
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| CN202010296171.9A CN111587761A (en) | 2020-04-15 | 2020-04-15 | Method for preparing crop culture medium by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of livestock waste resources |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112154895A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-01-01 | 安徽小溪生态科技发展有限公司 | High-humic acid water rice seedling raising substrate based on livestock and poultry manure and straw as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112458137A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-09 | 安徽小溪生态科技发展有限公司 | Microbial protein based on microwave hydrolysis of livestock and poultry manure and straw and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200828 |
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