CN103435385A - Fermentation starting agent for poultry excrement and use method thereof - Google Patents
Fermentation starting agent for poultry excrement and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103435385A CN103435385A CN2013103448316A CN201310344831A CN103435385A CN 103435385 A CN103435385 A CN 103435385A CN 2013103448316 A CN2013103448316 A CN 2013103448316A CN 201310344831 A CN201310344831 A CN 201310344831A CN 103435385 A CN103435385 A CN 103435385A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a fermentation starting agent for poultry excrement and a use method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of quick fermentation. The fermentation starting agent is prepared from the following raw materials: glucose, cellulase, humic acid, urea and medical stone, wherein the ratio of the glucose to the cellulose to the humic acid to the urea to the medical stone is 1 to 2 to 1 to 1 to 5. During use, the fermentation starting agent is added into raw materials of compost for fermentation, and during fermentation, and performing ventilation for 1.5-2 hours at 11 a.m every day. The fermentation starting agent disclosed by the invention is added into agricultural wastes, such as excrement, so that the activity of microorganisms existing in nature can be induced and promoted, the degradation of the cellulose is accelerated, the effects of quick fermentation and decomposition of agricultural wastes, such as excrement are achieved, and the excessive loss of nitrogen can be avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fast fermentation in fixed field, especially relate to a kind of livestock manure fermented and start agent and using method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the rapid emergence of the intensive livestock culture industry of China, fowl and animal excrement rolls up, and processing or mishandling produced problem of environmental pollution cause social common concern.It is the mode of advocating and praising highly both at home and abroad that agricultural wastes are carried out to composting, can improve the development of environment, promotion circular agriculture, increases soil fertility and quality.Feces of livestock and poultry, through producing fertilizer after heap corruption and harmless treatment fast, applies the farmland system, realizes the agriculture recycle of waste.But there are the shortcomings such as decomposition is slow, innoxious not thoroughly, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is long in traditional compost treatment, can not meet the modern intensive cultivation and produces the characteristics that the ight soil amount is large, strict to environmental requirement and need to process the ight soil fast and harmless.Therefore, adopt the technology such as physics, chemistry, biology, to ight soil carry out batch production fast processing be subject to people and more and more pay attention to and apply.Although exist at present some to promote the decomposing agent commodity of fermentation, majority belongs to microniological proudcts, but these microbial inoculums require competence exertion maximum effect under suitable life condition, when promoting the fast decomposition of muck, there is nutrient excessive loss's problem, as cause a large amount of decomposition of organic carbon, the excessive loss of ammonia; In addition, cost is higher, and the general requirement microbial inoculum adds in the ratio of material 0.5-1 ‰, and material per ton increases cost greatly about 50-100 unit left and right.Seek and can promote quick composting, do not cause that again the method for nutrient loss seems very urgent.The various decomposers of occurring in nature itself exist, how to transfer to greatest extent the natural microorganisms activity, at quick decompositions of agricultural wastes such as promotion muck, reach become thoroughly decomposed, innoxious the time, do not cause again the especially excessive loss of nitrogen of becoming thoroughly decomposed process nutrient, improving the fertilizer effect of tunning, is the technical problem that everybody pays close attention to.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of livestock manure fermented to start agent and using method thereof, fermentation starting agent of the present invention, add in the agricultural wastes such as feces of livestock and poultry, can bring out and promote the microorganism active that nature itself exists, reach the quick fermentation of the agricultural wastes such as ight soil is become thoroughly decomposed, and can not cause the excessive loss of nitrogen.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of livestock manure fermented starts agent, it is characterized in that, by following raw material, is made: glucose sugar, cellulase, humic acid, urea, medical stone.
Preferably, described glucose sugar: cellulase: humic acid: urea: medical stone=1: 2: 1: 1: 5.
Above-mentioned livestock manure fermented starts the using method of agent, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
By chicken manure: pig manure: cow dung: the volume ratio of bacterium chaff is 15: 15: 20: 50 are ready to composting material, be added in fermentor tank, mix, then add above-mentioned startup agent, regulating moisture content is 65%, is fermented, between yeast phase, every morning 11 ventilation 1.5-2 hour, air flow is 2-4L/min/m
3fermentor tank.
Preferably, the add-on of described startup agent is 2wt ‰.
Adopted technique scheme, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) to take the microorganism active of transferring to greatest extent nature itself be Main Means in startup agent of the present invention, thereby realize the quick composting to feces of livestock and poultry, reaches innoxious; Simultaneously, there is the protective effect to nutrient, realize resource high-efficiency.The use cost that starts agent is low, and using method is simple.
(2) from effect, add startup agent of the present invention and can extend the hot stage in composting process, accelerate the decomposition speed of decomposition material, organic materials is fully reacted and reach innoxious and become thoroughly decomposed.Accelerate the conversion of ammonium nitrogen, improved the content of later stage nitric nitrogen; Make later stage NH
4 +-N/NO
3 -the ratio of-N reaches rotten index (≤0.5) fast.In earlier stage promote the formation of the hydrolysis of organonitrogen and amino-acid nitrogen, amidonitrogen at decomposition, reduced the content of non-acidolysis state nitrogen.When being conducive to the nitrogen effectuation, do not cause the too much loss of nitrogen.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Temperature changing regularity in accompanying drawing 1 decay process;
Total nitrogen content Changing Pattern in accompanying drawing 2 decay process;
Organic Changing Pattern in accompanying drawing 3 decay process;
C/N Changing Pattern in accompanying drawing 4 decay process;
Ammonium nitrogen Changing Pattern in accompanying drawing 5 decay process;
Nitric nitrogen Changing Pattern in accompanying drawing 6 decay process;
Ammonium nitrogen in accompanying drawing 7 decay process/nitric nitrogen Changing Pattern;
Acid hydrolysis state nitrogen in accompanying drawing 8 decay process/full nitrogen Changing Pattern;
Amino-acid nitrogen in accompanying drawing 9 decay process/acid hydrolysis nitrogen Changing Pattern;
Amidonitrogen in accompanying drawing 10 decay process/acid hydrolysis nitrogen Changing Pattern;
Non-hydrolysis state nitrogen in accompanying drawing 11 decay process/full nitrogen Changing Pattern;
Nitrogen loss rate Changing Pattern in accompanying drawing 12 decay process.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
A kind of livestock manure fermented starts agent, by following raw material, is made: glucose sugar, cellulase, humic acid, urea, medical stone.When glucose sugar: cellulase: humic acid: urea: medical stone=1: 2: 1: in the time of 1: 5, effect is better.
Above-mentioned livestock manure fermented starts the using method of agent, comprises the following steps:
By chicken manure: pig manure: cow dung: the volume ratio of bacterium chaff is 15: 15: 20: 50 are ready to composting material, be added in fermentor tank, mix, then add above-mentioned startup agent, add-on is 1-2wt ‰, and regulating moisture content is 65%, fermented, between yeast phase, every morning 11 ventilation 1.5-2 hour, air flow is 2-4L/min/m
3fermentor tank.
Embodiment 1:
Livestock manure fermented starts agent: glucose sugar: cellulase: humic acid: urea: medical stone=1: 2: 1: 1: 5.
Composting material: chicken manure: pig manure: cow dung: the volume ratio of bacterium chaff is 15: 15: 20: 50.
Test group: the fermentation starting agent that adds 2wt ‰.
Control group: do not add the fermentation starting agent.
Test method: raw material is added to (wherein, test group adds the fermentation starting agent, and control group does not add the fermentation starting agent) in fermentor tank, regulating moisture content is 65%, is fermented, between yeast phase, every morning 11 ventilation 1.5-2 hour, air flow is 2-4L/min/m
3fermentor tank.
Wherein, the essential property of compost material is in Table 1.
The physicochemical property of table 1 compost material
The interpretation of result of above-described embodiment 1 is as follows:
1, starting agent affects the composting process temperature
The temperature variation that composting process will experience 3 stages is temperature rise period, hot stage, temperature-fall period, and wherein hot stage is of paramount importance link.Can find out that from accompanying drawing 1 test group starts to heat up rapidly from reaction, to the 10d left and right, reach top temperature (73 ℃), slow decreasing subsequently, decomposition during to 30d heap temperature be stabilized in 32 ℃ of left and right.Control group reaches top temperature (62 ℃ of left and right) when 15d, than the processing that add to start agent, has postponed 5d, and top temperature low 10 ℃ of left and right; Decomposition is during to 30d, and heap temperature is 27.95 ℃.
Therefore, add the startup agent and can improve fast compost temperature, improve the top temperature of compost, extend the pliotherm period of compost, organic materials is fully reacted, promote to become thoroughly decomposed.
2, start the impact of agent on the composting process total nitrogen content
In composting process, the full nitrogen of test group and control group presents the trend (seeing accompanying drawing 2) that first descends and raise afterwards.The test group total nitrogen content descends very fast at 0-15d, 15-30d slightly gos up; The control group total nitrogen content descends very fast at 0-18d, 18-30d slightly gos up.Decomposition early stage, its major cause of decline of full nitrogen was to decompose relevantly with the volatilization of ammonia with the mineralising of organonitrogen, and the later stage, the biological fixation effect of nitrogen etc., made total nitrogen content slightly go up due to the minimizing of organic carbon.All in all two processing total nitrogen contents have reduced respectively 17.73% and 21.67%.Test group is compared with control group, and full nitrogen is higher.
3, start the impact of agent on organic carbon and the variation of C/N ratio
In whole composting process, along with decomposition carries out organic carbon (seeing accompanying drawing 3) on a declining curve.The front 12d that test group is rotten at heap, organic carbon descends rapider; The control group organic carbon content descends comparatively slow.While finishing to decomposition (30d), the TOC content of test group has reduced by 29.22%, and the TOC content of control group has reduced by 27.44%.All in all, test group has promoted the mineralising of organic carbon to decompose, and during decomposition 30d, the organic carbon content of decomposition product reduces by 2.45% than control group.
Test group and the control group C/N in composting process (seeing accompanying drawing 4) more on a declining curve than all, it is more obvious that test group descends, and this is because the test group organic carbon decomposes cause faster.It is generally acknowledged that composting production C/N ratio is less than at 20 o'clock and can regards as substantially becomes thoroughly decomposed.This research discovery, test group C/N ratio when 21d is less than 20, without the processing C/N ratio in the time of 30 days that starts agent, is less than 20.Therefore from the C/N ratio, start agent and promoted becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost.
4, start the impact that agent changes ammonium nitrogen in composting process
The variation of composting process ammonium nitrogen shows (seeing accompanying drawing 5a), and test group starts to 6d from compost, and the ammonium nitrogen contents increased peaks, and during 6d to 21d, ammonium nitrogen obviously descends, and after 21d, tends towards stability, and content is almost constant.Control group is substantially unchanged at front 12d ammonium nitrogen content, then reduces gradually.Illustrate to add to start the ammonification that agent has aggravated the organonitrogen in early stage, thereby produced a large amount of ammonium nitrogens; Later stage, ammonium nitrogen is converted into nitric nitrogen and the part ammonium nitrogen is ammonia volatilization etc., causes the ammonium nitrogen content of test group and control group all to descend along with the enhancing of nitrification.The ammonium nitrogen of two groups of tests accounts for variation tendency and its content similar trend (seeing accompanying drawing 5b) of full nitrogen ratio, also presents and first increases rear downward trend.Totally it seems, after piling rotten 9d, test group ammonium nitrogen content is lower than control group, illustrates to add to start the ammonification that the organonitrogen in early stage had both been accelerated in agent, has promoted again the nitrification of middle and later periods etc.
5, start the impact that agent changes nitric nitrogen in composting process
Along with the carrying out of compost, the nitrate nitrogen contents rear rising that first descends of two groups of tests, present identical variation tendency (seeing accompanying drawing 6a).The test group nitrate nitrogen content is a little less than control group before 9d, and this is that the biological heat that early stage, the microorganism decomposition course produced is many, makes heap temperature higher, suppresses the growth of nitrobacteria and the carrying out of nitrification because after adding the startup agent.Later stage, nitrification increased, and causes nitrate nitrogen content to raise rapidly along with temperature descends and tends towards stability gradually.After decomposition 9d, the test group nitrate nitrogen content is generally higher than the processing without starting agent.
The variation tendency that nitric nitrogen accounts for full nitrogen ratio is consistent with the variation tendency of its content, shows as and first reduces afterwards raise (seeing accompanying drawing 6b).With the ammonium nitrogen proportion, mutually confirm, the temperature rise period in early stage, add the startup agent and can promote organic substance decomposing to produce ammonium nitrogen, nitrification is had to certain restraining effect, the later stage descends with temperature, has promoted again the carrying out of nitrification.
6, start agent to NH in composting process
4 +/ NO
3 -the impact of ratio
NH in composting process
4 +-N, NO
3 -the relative variation of-N is the important symbol of compost maturity, and Bernal etc. (1998) propose, NH in compost
4 +-N/NO
3 -the ratio of-N is less than at 0.16 o'clock, shows that compost reaches and becomes thoroughly decomposed, but some different viewpoints are also arranged, and has the investigator to think and works as NH
4 +-N/NO
3 --N≤0.5 compost reaches and becomes thoroughly decomposed.In two groups of tests, downward trend (seeing accompanying drawing 7) after the ratio of ammonium nitrogen and nitric nitrogen all presents and first raises.Test group is NH when 9d
4 +-N/NO
3 --N reaches maximum value, and it is maximum that control group reached at the 12nd day.This time with the lower-most point of the vertex of ammonium nitrogen and nitric nitrogen conforms to.Test group is at compost 21d NH
4 +-N/NO
3 --N ratio is 0.43, reaches the standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed (≤0.5), and control group is 0.46 at 30 days its ratio, reaches the standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed.As can be seen here, add the startup agent and can accelerate decomposition and the nitrogen transformation of decomposition material, promote quick composting.
8, on the impact of acidolysis state organonitrogen
Nitrogen in ight soil be take organonitrogen as main, and organonitrogen is divided into again acid hydrolysis nitrogen and non-acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen.Downward trend after the ratio of two groups of test acid hydrolysis nitrogen/full nitrogen is changed to and first raises.Test group reaches maximum value at 9d, and control group reaches Schwellenwert at 15d.While finishing to decomposition, the acid hydrolysis nitrogen of 2 processing/full nitrogen ratio is all than the decreasing of fermentation initial stage, but between two processing, difference is not remarkable, sees accompanying drawing 8.
Can be divided into again amino-acid nitrogen (AAN) and amidonitrogen (AN) etc. in acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen.Piling the ratio that rotten process amino-acid nitrogen accounts for acid hydrolysis nitrogen is having certain rising in early stage, after decrease (seeing accompanying drawing 9).Test group is compared with control group, and test group amino-acid nitrogen/acid hydrolysis nitrogen rises and reaches maximum value at 9d, accounts for 21.36% of acid hydrolysis nitrogen by the initial stage and rises to 24.76%, then descends, and accounts for 17.28% of acid hydrolysis nitrogen while finishing to heap is rotten; Control group amino-acid nitrogen/acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen reaches maximum value (accounting for 24.16%) when 15d, but entire change is less.Two processing are relatively found, pile corruption to 12d, and the ratio of test group amino-acid nitrogen/acid hydrolysis nitrogen is higher than control group; 12d is later lower than control group, and both differences reach conspicuous level.Illustrate to add and start agent conversion to other form at later stage promotion amino-acid nitrogen.
In the rotten process of heap, the amidonitrogen of two groups of tests/acid hydrolysis nitrogen ratio has certain rising (seeing accompanying drawing 10) in earlier stage, and the later stage changes less.Test group amidonitrogen/acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen ratio reaches maximum (accounting for 22.7%) in fermentation 9d left and right, and control group reaches maximum value (accounting for 20.6%) about 15 days.Totally it seems, the ratio that the test group amidonitrogen accounts for acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen is relatively high.Variation according to amino-acid nitrogen in acid-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AAN) and amidonitrogen (AN) can be found out, add to start agent, promoted the hydrolysis of protein, in the rotten formation that is conducive to the intermediate products such as amino-acid nitrogen (AAN) and amidonitrogen (AN) period of certain heap.
9, the variation of non-acidolysis organonitrogen
The content that the non-acidolysis state nitrogen of two groups of tests accounts for total nitrogen increases (seeing accompanying drawing 11) gradually, with fermentation raw material, compares, and fermentation to 30 days difference all reaches conspicuous level.Two groups of tests are compared, and in the rotten process of whole heap, the non-acidolysis organonitrogen of test group is lower than control group.Illustrate to add and start the further conversion that agent is conducive to non-acidolysis organonitrogen.
10, start agent to nitrogen loss impact in composting process
Along with the compost time lengthening, the nitrogen loss rate of test group and control group increases (seeing accompanying drawing 12) gradually, and when compost finishes (decomposition 30d), the nitrogen loss rate of 2 composting tests all reaches more than 30%.From different times nitrogen loss rate, the 0-15d nitrogen loss is very fast, and 15-30d tends towards stability gradually, and through the decomposition reactor system of 30d, the nitrogen of test group damages and compares with control group, without significant difference.Illustrate and adopt the fermentation starting agent, promote to become thoroughly decomposed and nitrogen transformation in, do not cause the excessive loss of nitrogen.
To sum up, this startup agent has the effect that promotes the feces of livestock and poultry quick composting, is reaching the innoxious while, has the protective effect to nutrient, realizes resource high-efficiency.The use cost that starts agent is low, and using method is simple.From effect, add the startup agent and can extend the hot stage in composting process, accelerate the decomposition speed of decomposition material, organic materials is fully reacted and reach innoxious and become thoroughly decomposed.Accelerate the conversion of ammonium nitrogen, improved the content of later stage nitric nitrogen; Make later stage NH
4 +-N/NO
3 -the ratio of-N reaches rotten index (≤0.5) fast.In earlier stage promote the formation of the hydrolysis of organonitrogen and amino-acid nitrogen, amidonitrogen at decomposition, reduced the content of non-acidolysis state nitrogen.When being conducive to the nitrogen effectuation, do not cause the too much loss of nitrogen.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned concrete embodiment, and those of ordinary skill in the art is from above-mentioned design, and without performing creative labour, all conversion of having done, within all dropping on protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a livestock manure fermented starts agent, it is characterized in that, by following raw material, is made: glucose sugar, cellulase, humic acid, urea, medical stone.
2. a kind of livestock manure fermented according to claim 1 starts agent, it is characterized in that described glucose sugar: cellulase: humic acid: urea: medical stone=1: 2: 1: 1: 5.
3. a kind of livestock manure fermented according to claim 1 and 2 starts the using method of agent, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
By chicken manure: pig manure: cow dung: the volume ratio of bacterium chaff is 15: 15: 20: 50 are ready to composting material, be added in fermentor tank, mix, then add the described startup agent of claim 1 or 2, regulating moisture content is 65%, is fermented, between yeast phase, every morning 11 ventilation 1.5-2 hour, air flow is 2-4L/min/m
3fermentor tank.
4. a kind of livestock manure fermented according to claim 3 starts the using method of agent, it is characterized in that, the add-on of described startup agent is 1-2wt ‰.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111587761A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-08-28 | 安徽小溪生态科技发展有限公司 | Method for preparing crop culture medium by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of livestock waste resources |
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| CN1903753A (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2007-01-31 | 金冲 | Compound methane stater and its production method |
| CN101298352A (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2008-11-05 | 刘峰 | Plant source regulating liquid of ecological piggery starter |
| CN101928160A (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2010-12-29 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for composting straws in compost frame under high temperature |
| CN102674917A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-09-19 | 南京农业大学 | Multifunctional soil maturing agent and preparation method thereof |
-
2013
- 2013-08-03 CN CN201310344831.6A patent/CN103435385B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1335288A (en) * | 2000-07-26 | 2002-02-13 | 崔宗均 | Bacteria prepn for organic matter to become decomposed fast |
| CN1903753A (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2007-01-31 | 金冲 | Compound methane stater and its production method |
| CN101298352A (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2008-11-05 | 刘峰 | Plant source regulating liquid of ecological piggery starter |
| CN101928160A (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2010-12-29 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for composting straws in compost frame under high temperature |
| CN102674917A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-09-19 | 南京农业大学 | Multifunctional soil maturing agent and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111587761A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-08-28 | 安徽小溪生态科技发展有限公司 | Method for preparing crop culture medium by utilizing microwave hydrolysis of livestock waste resources |
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