CN106892691A - A kind of method of nitrogen loss in reduction compost - Google Patents
A kind of method of nitrogen loss in reduction compost Download PDFInfo
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- CN106892691A CN106892691A CN201710213410.8A CN201710213410A CN106892691A CN 106892691 A CN106892691 A CN 106892691A CN 201710213410 A CN201710213410 A CN 201710213410A CN 106892691 A CN106892691 A CN 106892691A
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- compost
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- fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method for reducing nitrogen loss in compost, organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum will be added in fermentation base-material, mixed, adjusting water content, makes fermentation base-material moisture content in 50~55%, code heap, when temperature is increased to 55 60 DEG C, then after reducing the temperature to 40 45 DEG C, start turning；After turning, pressure is passed through the air containing ozone, and duration of ventilation is intermittent ventilation in 5~30 minutes per hour, and the duration is 8 15 days, until lord ferment period terminates.The generation of volatile nitrogen compound in compost can be effectively reduced using the technical program, and is retained in fertilizer, improve the nitrogen content of fertilizer, increase fertilizer efficiency, reduce the pollution to environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Composting treatment field, it is related to a kind of method for reducing nitrogen loss in compost.
Background technology
Waste Composting be the important innoxious and resource that solid organic castoff is converted into high-quality organic fertilizer on the way
Footpath, it can not only solve scale livestock farming problem of environmental pollution, and for development organic fertilizer, holding and improve soil fertilizer
Power, promotes agricultural sustainable development to have great significance.But than more serious, some are even for nitrogen loss in current Composting Process
Can reach 30-50%.While decomposing, macromolecular nitrogen-containing compound is converted into low point to organic matter in excrement and garbage compost
Sub- nitrogen-containing compound and volatilize, so as to reduce fertilizer efficiency.Therefore in composting process, the loss and guarantee fertilizer for preventing nitrogen need to be taken
The measure of matter, improves its commercialization value.
By taking livestock excrement composting as an example, it is low in storage process that the nitrogen volatilization of animal dung is mainly fresh feces of livestock and poultry
Molecule nitrogen-containing compound volatilizees, and mainly has the volatilization of ammonia, trimethylamine, dimethylamine, monomethyl amine.Nitrogen volatilization will be reduced in animal dung
Nitrogen content, reduce its fertilizer efficiency.How nitrogen loss is reduced in composting process situ, the nutrient value for improving organic fertilizer has
Significance.Developed country uses various methods in terms of control nitrogen loss reduces Ammonia valatilization, also there is lot of research.
But these achievements in research are mainly used in feces of livestock and poultry storage and transportation, and less using control nitrogen in composting process
The technique and technology of loss.The nitrogen loss in compost thus how is controlled, to nitrogen content in raising compost, resource wave is reduced
Take and environmental pollution is all significant.
At present, nitrogen loss control major way is as follows in composting process：
(1) addition inoculating microbe stone spring sesame etc. attempts adding nitrogen-fixing bacteria and cellulose-decomposing bacterium in compost, using two
The mutuality of person improves the nitrogen content of compost, so as to improve the fertilizer efficiency of compost.It is demonstrated experimentally that in the presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria,
The nitrogen content of compost improves, and growth of the cellulose-decomposing bacterium to nitrogen-fixing bacteria has certain synergistic effect.This measure needs
Special training microorganism processed, also needs the external conditions such as control appropriate temperature, carbon-nitrogen ratio, its operation sequence to compare again in adding procedure
It is cumbersome.So the method for addition microculture agent has its limitation.
(2) chemical addition agent chemical substance mainly has two major classes to the deodorant principle of guarantor's nitrogen of animal dung：One is by oxidant
Oxidation, this kind of chemical substance has potassium permanganate, hypochlorite etc.；Two is the acid-base neutralization reaction by nertralizer, this kind of chemistry
Material has calcium superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, dilute sulfuric acid etc..There is alkalescent for ammonia, the principle that can be neutralized with acidic materials reaction,
The method of addition ferrous sulfate is taken to protect nitrogen.Adding the chemical addition agent of less consumption can change nitrogen existing forms, protect
Nitrogen effect is very fast, but high cost, and side effect is big, because that may contain heavy metal and other harmful substances in chemical addition agent, uses
Composting process excessively may be influenceed, being manured into soil may destroy agricultural land soil environment.
So needing a kind of method simple and easy to apply to reduce the loss of nitrogen in composting process, and ensure the corruption of compost
Ripe degree.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method for reducing nitrogen loss in compost.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
1. a kind of method for reducing nitrogen loss in compost, its operating procedure is as follows：
(1) add organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum in fermentation base-material, mix, adjusting water content, make fermentation base-material moisture content 50~
55%, code heap when temperature is increased to 55-60 DEG C, then after reducing the temperature to 40-45 DEG C, starts turning；
(2) after turning, pressure is passed through the air containing ozone, and duration of ventilation is intermittent ventilation in 5~30 minutes per hour,
Duration is 8-15 days, until lord ferment period terminates.
Further, the base-material that fermented described in step (1) is as dung is dirty.
Further, the base-material that fermented described in step (1) is chicken manure, bloom frass, stalk and sawdust.
Further, the base-material C/N ratios that fermented described in step (1) are 20~30:1.
Further, organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum addition described in step (1) is by mass percentage 0.1~1%.
Further, ozone amount is 80~130mg/h.kg butt material in the air containing ozone described in step (2), described
Butt material is fermentation base-material of the moisture less than 0.1%.
Application of the method for nitrogen loss in organic waste is processed in a kind of reduction compost described in any of the above.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：By the addition of a certain amount of ozone, ozone can aoxidize original or new in base-material
The small molecule amino acid that the organic-inorganic nitride of generation, such as organic amine and fermentation initial stage are produced, ozone is aoxidizing this
During a little materials, combined with other materials in fermentation, generated the intermediate product of series of stable, effectively reduced volatility
The generation of nitride, is retained in fertilizer, improves the nitrogen content of fertilizer, increases fertilizer efficiency, reduces the pollution to environment.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.The experiment side of unreceipted actual conditions in embodiment
Method, generally according to normal condition or according to the condition proposed by manufacturer.
Embodiment 1
(1) materials such as chicken manure, bloom frass, stalk, sawdust are mixed, forms fermentation base-material, its C/N is 25, and regulation contains
Water rate, makes the moisture content of fermentation base-material be 52%, adds organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum 0.5%, after temperature is increased to 55 DEG C, then drops
When temperature is to 45 DEG C, turning is mixed, and material is equally divided into 2 parts, and portion makees experimental group, a control group.
(2) experimental group：Pressure is passed through the air containing ozone, air flow rate 6m3/h·m3, ozone content：100mg/h.kg
Butt material, the butt material is the fermentation base-material of water content 0.08%, duration of ventilation：20 minutes/hour, ventilate 12 days, until
Lord ferment period terminates, and period should carry out appropriate turning according to when declining again after temperature rising.
(3) control group：Pressure is passed through and contains the air with experimental group same traffic, ozone content：0mg/h.kg butt material,
The butt material is the fermentation base-material of water content 0.08%, and duration of ventilation is identical with experimental group, until lord ferment period terminates.
(4) nitrogen content, the result of rotten degree are determined；Nitrogenous weight testing method：People's Republic of China's agricultural industry criteria-
Organic fertilizer (NY525-2012)：The average nitrogen pool 51.4g/kg butt material of experimental group；The average nitrogen pool of control group
46.3g/kg butt material.Rotten degree is tested：The sample after 20g compost is respectively weighed, 1 is pressed respectively at room temperature:10,1:20,1:30
Rich water stands 30min than adding deionized water after stirring 1min, then is filtered with quantitative filter paper at a slow speed, collects each filtrate.In culture
One filter paper of pad in ware, it is each to be uniformly put into 100 mung beans, add sample leaching liquor 10mL.Cultivated in 27 DEG C of constant incubators
48h, calculates average germination percentage, and blank is made with distilled water, and each sample is repeated 3 times.During culture, deionization is repeatedly supplemented
Water, makes the liquid in culture dish maintain 10mL or so, is evaluated whether to become thoroughly decomposed according to germination percentage.Measurement result is as shown in table 1.
Nitrogen loss slip % computing formula：Nitrogen loss slip %=[(raw material nitrogen pools-control group nitrogen content
× yield)-(raw material nitrogen pool-experimental group nitrogen content × yield)]/(raw material nitrogen pool-control group nitrogen content × yield) *
100%
The average yield of present case is 74.6%.
The experimental group of 1 embodiment of table 1 and control group measurement result
The evaluation of compost maturity is critically important.During compost, whether the method for compost suitably mainly leans on compost
The evaluation of rotten degree is determined.With the product not become thoroughly decomposed to soil application after, microorganism in organic fertilizer can be made to continue profit
The process of degradation of organic substances is carried out with the oxygen of soil gap, so as to cause soil anoxic and then make root system of plant anoxic, and is produced
Raw H2The pernicious gases such as S and NO.Not only the very low nitrogen hunger that can cause microorganism of nitrogen content absorbs it in the compost not become thoroughly decomposed
Nitrogen in soil, so as to cause the phenomenon of nitrogen starved plot, but also can produce inhibitory action containing the growth largely to plant
The organic acid and polyphenol of phytotoxicity material, such as low-molecular-weight can suppress growing for plant, and these materials can be with
Composting process is little by little converted.For many years, many scholars, in order to study compost maturity, set up a rationally unification both at home and abroad
Maturity indexes, carried out a large amount of detailed-oriented researchs.Compost index is roughly divided into three classes：Physical index, chemical index and
Biological indicators.Empirical evidence, it is incomplete that compost maturity is only evaluated with chemical index, it is necessary to by bioanalytical method
It is just reliable.These biological indicators mainly have respiration, microbe species and active and seed germination index rate etc..(1)
For aerobic compost, the OUR of microorganism reflects the change of the microbial activity in composting process, compost maturity
The OUR of period seems smooth with compost time changing curve, and its value is decreased obviously than the compost initial stage.(2) microorganism is reflected
The parameter of activity change has enzymatic activity, ATP and microbial biomass.The activity of wherein enzyme gradually becomes with compost time change in decline
Gesture.(3) containing the inhibitory action toxicant that grown to plant in the compost not become thoroughly decomposed, therefore with compost water extract
It is most accurate and most efficient method to the toxicity test of vegetable seeds inspection rotten degree, Qian Hongbing etc. thinks to exceed when germination percentage
When 80%, it is believed that compost, substantially without toxicity, becomes thoroughly decomposed substantially to plant, and when germination percentage is more than 90%, compost is believed that
Become thoroughly decomposed completely.So this experiment percentage of seedgermination is used as evaluating the index of rotten degree, germination percentage rotten degree higher is better, heap
Organic matter in fertilizer finally reaches the degree of stabilization by mineralising, humification process, and fertilizer efficiency is good, is further conducive to crop to give birth to
It is long.
As shown in Table 1, the experimental group of embodiment 1 improves the nitrogen content of compost, and has reached and become thoroughly decomposed completely.Because compost
Nitrogen in base-material is partially converted into ammoniacal nitrogen and is diffused into air by initial stage temperature ascent stage, microorganism amount reproduction, meeting
Nitrogen loss is caused, but is passed through the growth that ozone easily suppresses microorganism too early.And work as after compost initial stage temperature is raised and start drop
Low 15 DEG C or so mean that now microbial activities gradually weakens, at this moment turning forced-ventilation, and the ozone being passed through can be sent out in time
Its effect is waved, its functioning efficiency is improved, so that nitrogen loss in compost is reduced, and it is limited to the inhibitory action of microorganism.
Embodiment 2
(1) materials such as chicken manure, bloom frass, stalk, sawdust are mixed, forms fermentation base-material, make C/N be 20, regulation contains
Water rate, makes the moisture content of fermentation base-material be 50%, adds organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum 0.1%, after temperature is increased to 60 DEG C, then drops
When temperature is to 40 DEG C, turning is mixed, and material is equally divided into 2 parts, and portion makees experimental group, a control group.
(2) experimental group：Pressure is passed through the air containing ozone, air flow rate 6m3/h·m3, ozone content：80mg/h.kg
Butt material, the butt material is the fermentation base-material of water content 0.05%, duration of ventilation：30 minutes/hour, ventilate 10 days, until
Lord ferment period terminates, period according to circumstances appropriate turning.
(3) control group：Pressure is passed through and contains the air with experimental group same traffic, ozone content：0mg/h.kg butt material,
The butt material is the fermentation base-material of water content 0.05%, and duration of ventilation is identical with experimental group, until lord ferment period terminates.
(4) nitrogen content, the result of rotten degree are determined, method of testing is with embodiment 1, and measurement result is as shown in table 2.
The average yield of present case is 80.1%.
The experimental group of 2 embodiment of table 2 and control group measurement result
| Testing index | Experimental group | Control group |
| Nitrogen content (g/kg butts material) | 62.5 | 55.3 |
| Germination percentage (%) | 99 | 98 |
| Nitrogen loss slip (%) | 72.03 |
As shown in Table 2, it is passed through ozone in compost certain phase, ozone can aoxidize original in base-material or new generation
The small molecule amino acid that organic-inorganic nitride, such as organic amine and fermentation initial stage are produced, ozone is aoxidizing these materials
During, combined with other materials in fermentation, the intermediate product of series of stable is generated, effectively reduce volatile nitrogen compound
Produce.
Embodiment 3
(1) materials such as chicken manure, bloom frass, stalk, sawdust are mixed, forms fermentation base-material, make C/N be 30, regulation contains
Water rate, makes the moisture content of fermentation base-material be 50%, adds organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum 0.8%, after temperature is increased to 55 DEG C, then drops
When temperature is to 45 DEG C, turning is mixed, and material is equally divided into 2 parts, and portion makees experimental group, a control group.
(2) experimental group：Pressure is passed through the air containing ozone, air flow rate 6m3/h·m3, ozone content：120mg/h.kg
Butt material, the butt material is the fermentation base-material of water content 0.06%, duration of ventilation：30 minutes/hour, ventilate 13 days, until
Lord ferment period terminates, period according to circumstances appropriate turning.
(3) control group：Pressure is passed through and contains the air with experimental group same traffic, ozone content：0mg/h.kg butt material,
The butt material is the fermentation base-material of water content 0.06%, and duration of ventilation is identical with experimental group, until lord ferment period terminates.
(4) nitrogen content, the result of rotten degree are determined, method of testing is with embodiment 1, and measurement result is as shown in table 3.
The average yield of present case is 79.3%.
The experimental group of 3 embodiment of table 3 and control group measurement result
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, although logical
Cross above preferred embodiment to be described in detail the present invention, it is to be understood by those skilled in the art that can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (7)
1. it is a kind of reduce compost in nitrogen loss method, it is characterised in that operating procedure is as follows：
(1) organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum is added in fermentation base-material, is mixed, adjusting water content makes fermentation base-material moisture content 50~55%,
Code heap, when temperature is increased to 55-60 DEG C, then after reducing the temperature to 40-45 DEG C, starts turning；
(2) after turning, pressure is passed through the air containing ozone, and duration of ventilation is intermittent ventilation in 5~30 minutes per hour, is continued
Time is 8-15 days, until lord ferment period terminates.
2. it is a kind of reduce compost in nitrogen loss method, it is characterised in that described in step (1) ferment base-material be such as fowl poultry kind
Excrement is dirty.
3. it is a kind of reduce compost in nitrogen loss method, it is characterised in that described in step (1) ferment base-material be chicken manure, Huang
Mealworm excrement, stalk and sawdust.
4. a kind of method for reducing nitrogen loss in compost, it is characterised in that the base-material C/N ratios of being fermented described in step (1) are 20
~30:1.
5. it is a kind of reduce compost in nitrogen loss method, it is characterised in that organic fertilizer fermentation microbial inoculum described in step (1) add
Amount is by mass percentage 0.1~1%.
6. it is a kind of reduce compost in nitrogen loss method, it is characterised in that it is smelly in the air containing ozone described in step (2)
Oxygen amount is 80~130mg/h.kg butt material, and the butt material is fermentation base-material of the moisture less than 0.1%.
7. in a kind of reduction compost described in any one of claim 1-6 nitrogen loss method process organic waste in
Using.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107973626A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-05-01 | 重庆工商大学 | Metal material reduces in compost treatment application and its method in nitrogen loss as nitrogen protecting agent |
| CN110669698A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-10 | 甘肃农业大学 | Screening method and application of azotobacter in composting process |
| CN110922245A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-27 | 钟明吉 | Method for rapidly fermenting organic matters and product |
| CN114315441A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for strengthening removal of antibiotic resistance genes in aerobic compost |
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Application publication date: 20170627 |