CN111606762A - Rapid composting microbial inoculum and method for producing organic fertilizer by using same - Google Patents
Rapid composting microbial inoculum and method for producing organic fertilizer by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN111606762A CN111606762A CN202010409323.1A CN202010409323A CN111606762A CN 111606762 A CN111606762 A CN 111606762A CN 202010409323 A CN202010409323 A CN 202010409323A CN 111606762 A CN111606762 A CN 111606762A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention provides a rapid composting microbial inoculum and a method for producing an organic fertilizer by using the same, wherein the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 7 percent, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 50 percent, the content of amino acid is more than or equal to 20 percent, the content of medium trace elements is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the content of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g, wherein the effective viable bacteria is one or more of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus polymyxa, non-antagonistic composite bacillus subtilis, trichoderma viride, silicate and. The fast composting microbial inoculum and the organic fertilizer thereof can release soil fertility and improve the granular structure of soil; effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of various harmful pathogenic bacteria and improve the immunity of the pathogenic bacteria. Improving the microbial environment of the root system and effectively relieving continuous cropping obstacles; the potential energy of the plant is activated, and the stress resistance of the crop is improved; the product yield and quality are all-round promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop fertilizers, and particularly relates to a rapid composting microbial inoculum and a method for producing an organic fertilizer by using the same.
Background
Fertilizers are substances that provide one or more nutrient elements necessary for plants, improve soil properties, and increase soil fertility levels, and their sources are generally divided into two categories: one is chemical fertilizers, also known as mineral fertilizers, produced by factories to meet the needs of agricultural production; the other is organic fertilizer containing a large amount of organic substances, mainly animal and plant residues, excrement of animals and human beings and fertilizers built on site by taking the organic fertilizer as raw materials, such as excrement, compost, green manure, cake fertilizer and the like. The fertilizer industry in China, such as chemical fertilizers, is developed rapidly from scratch, and is a big country for producing and applying chemical fertilizers in the world so far.
With the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the fertilizer field is also developed vigorously, and the fertilizer varieties are gradually developed towards the direction of compounding, diversification and functionalization. Traditionally, a single fertilizer has not been able to meet the needs of large agricultural developments.
With the gradual expansion of the scale of livestock and poultry breeding industry, the characteristics of livestock and poultry breeding are changed as follows: the method changes the prior scattered operation, small number of breeding heads, mainly distributed in rural areas into the current centralized operation, large number of breeding heads and distributed in suburbs or town areas. Due to the change of the culture scale, culture mode and distribution area, the pollution of livestock and poultry culture tends to increase the total amount, aggravate the degree and expand the range.
Firstly, the production of livestock and poultry manure is large. 23 scales nationwide according to the national environmental protection bureau. The concentrated province and city survey of livestock and poultry breeding shows that the livestock and poultry manure yield is about 31 hundred million tons in 2017 in China, which is 2.4 times of industrial solid waste, the livestock and poultry manure contains a large amount of organic pollutants, only one COD reaches 11613 million tons, which far exceeds the sum of COD of industrial and domestic sewage pollutants, and the method is more prominent in our city. The livestock and poultry industry is rapidly developed, the total amount of livestock and poultry is rapidly increased, the discharge amount of livestock and poultry excrement is rapidly increased, and if no effective measures are taken, great pressure is caused on environmental management.
Secondly, the environment pollution caused by the livestock and poultry manure is serious. As the livestock and poultry farm basically has no comprehensive utilization and sewage treatment facilities, the phenomenon of random discharge of livestock and poultry excrement and sewage is common. A large amount of livestock and poultry manure and sewage directly enter a water body without being treated, thereby aggravating the eutrophication of rivers and causing serious environmental pollution. The production of livestock and poultry manure and environmental pollution become the main source of non-point source pollution in rural areas of China
In addition, because the chemical fertilizer has the advantages of convenient storage and transportation, simple application and quick effect, the evolution of the livestock and poultry breeding characteristics and the transfer of agricultural labor force, particularly the livestock and poultry manure has large water content and stink, which brings inconvenience for treatment, transportation and application, and further aggravates the difficulty of directly returning the livestock and poultry manure to the field, the application of the fertilizer in vast rural areas is mainly changed from the livestock and poultry fertilizer into the chemical fertilizer, so that not only soil is hardened and the soil quality is reduced year by year, but also the livestock and poultry manure is changed from treasure into waste, the application way is lost, the 'benefit' is changed into 'harm', and the quality change is generated. Meanwhile, the use of a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the agricultural production process also brings potential threats to water quality, environment and the like. The pollution problem of agricultural products is increasingly prominent, the toxic residual ingredients of the agricultural products are higher and higher, the quality of the agricultural products is gradually reduced, the market competitiveness is weakened, and the demand of pollution-free, green and organic food is continuously increased after the living level of the people is improved and the consumption concept is changed, so that a sharp contradiction is formed.
Therefore, the invention is very necessary to invent the rapid composting microbial inoculum and the method for producing the organic fertilizer by using the same.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a rapid composting microbial inoculum and a method for producing an organic fertilizer by using the same, so as to solve the problems of environmental pollution caused by the existing livestock and poultry manure and excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers in agricultural production.
The application provides a rapid composting microbial inoculum, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 7 percent, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 50 percent, the content of amino acid is more than or equal to 20 percent, the content of medium trace elements is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g.
Preferably, the effective viable count is one or more of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus polymyxa, non-antagonistic composite bacillus subtilis, trichoderma viride, silicate and actinomycetes.
A method for producing an organic fertilizer by a rapid composting microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing livestock and poultry manure and cassava residues to obtain a premix;
s2: adding a rapid composting microbial inoculum into the premix, and carrying out composting treatment to obtain a mixture;
s3: putting the mixture into a fermentation reactor, adding a special straw fermentation microbial inoculum, and carrying out hot enzyme reactor treatment;
s4: treating the finished product obtained by fermentation to obtain an organic fertilizer;
s5: and granulating, drying, cooling and screening the prepared organic fertilizer.
Preferably, in step S3, straw-dedicated fermentation inoculum (BM1) is added, the composition and process of which are disclosed in patent zl 201310238098.
Preferably, in step S1, the moisture content of the premix is 54-56%.
Preferably, in step S2, the weight ratio of the added fast composting microbial inoculum to the premix is 1: 1000.
Preferably, in step S2, the composting temperature is above 50 ℃ and the composting time is 4-6 h.
Preferably, in step S2, the water content of the mixture is 30-35%.
Preferably, in step S2, the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content in the composting process is 20-35: 1, pH 7.8-8.1, preferably pH 8.0.
Preferably, in step S3, the fermentation temperature is 80-90 ℃ and the rotation speed of the fermentation reactor is 30 Hz.
Preferably, in step S5, the moisture content of the discharged organic fertilizer is below 30%.
The temperature of the compost is kept above 50 ℃ for 5-7 days, pathogenic microorganisms in the compost can be killed, and the method is an important condition for ensuring the qualified hygienic index of the compost and the thorough decomposition of the compost. The microbial inoculum is added in the initial composting stage to promote the rapid temperature rise of the compost, the compost reaches a high-temperature stage 1-4 days earlier than normal, the microbial inoculum is added to play a role in rapid temperature rise, and the decomposition process of organic materials is effectively promoted.
Moisture is an important parameter that affects the effectiveness of composting. In the composting process, water is a necessary condition for the growth of microorganisms, and the water content of 50-65% is most beneficial to the decomposition of the microorganisms. The moisture content of the compost affects the activity of the microorganisms in the compost as a regulator of the heat. The water content of the compost with the added inactivated bacteria and the water content of the natural compost are respectively reduced by 36.75 percent, 33.54 percent and 40.63 percent. Therefore, the microbial agent is added to enhance the activity of microorganisms in the compost, promote the metabolism of the microorganisms, increase the temperature of the compost and accelerate the evaporation of water.
The change in PH is another important indicator of microbial activity in the composting process. It is generally considered that the optimum pH is about 8.0, and in this range, the reaction rate at the initial stage can be significantly increased, and the time required for composting to reach a high temperature can be shortened. The composting can obtain the maximum efficiency and can also avoid the odor problem caused by the overlong composting reaction time.
The carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is an important factor influencing the composting effect, carbon is an energy source for biochemical reaction of composting, nitrogen is a main factor for controlling biosynthesis and is also a control factor for reaction speed, and the ideal C/N ratio of the composting process is 20-35: 1.
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the fast composting microbial inoculum can release soil fertility and improve the granular structure of soil; effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of various harmful pathogenic bacteria and improve the immunity of the pathogenic bacteria. Improving the microbial environment of the root system and effectively relieving continuous cropping obstacles; the potential energy of the plant is activated, and the stress resistance of the crop is improved; the product yield and quality are improved in all directions; the effective viable bacteria content is more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g, the addition amount is small, and the cost is low; high temperature resistance is 55-80 ℃; the composting period is short, and a large amount of field and production cost can be saved; the peculiar smell in the materials can be quickly and effectively eliminated; the nutrient loss is less, the total nitrogen loss rate is less than 1%, the effective nutrients of the compost can be effectively maintained, the effects of increasing the number of microbial floras, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, adjusting the pH value of the soil and the like can be achieved after the fertilizer is applied, and the fertilizer effect is obvious; the compost is high-temperature and durable, can kill germs and worm eggs in the compost raw materials, and can reach the harmless standard in a short time, so that the compost becomes a high-efficiency commercial organic fertilizer meeting the production requirements of green food; reduces the environmental pollution caused by animal wastes, is beneficial to protecting the ecological environment in rural areas, promotes the development of ecological agriculture, and provides high-quality healthy food with no pollution, high quality and good taste for society.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of germination experiments using the organic fertilizer of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a fast composting microbial inoculum, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 7 percent, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 50 percent, the content of amino acid is more than or equal to 20 percent, the content of medium and trace elements is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g.
Preferably, the effective viable count is one or more of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus polymyxa, non-antagonistic composite bacillus subtilis, trichoderma viride, silicate and actinomycetes.
A method for producing an organic fertilizer by a rapid composting microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing livestock and poultry manure and cassava residues to obtain a premix;
s2: adding a rapid composting microbial inoculum into the premix, and carrying out composting treatment to obtain a mixture;
s3: putting the mixture into a fermentation reactor, adding a special straw fermentation microbial inoculum, and carrying out hot enzyme reactor treatment;
s4: treating the finished product obtained by fermentation to obtain an organic fertilizer;
s5: and granulating, drying, cooling and screening the prepared organic fertilizer.
In step S3, a straw-dedicated fermentation inoculum (BM1), the composition and process of which are disclosed in patent ZL 201310238098.X, is added.
In step S1, the moisture content of the premix is 54-56%.
In step S2, the weight ratio of the added fast composting microbial inoculum to the premix is 1: 1000.
In step S2, the composting temperature is above 50 ℃ and the composting time is 4-6 h.
In step S2, the water content of the mixture is 30-35%.
In step S2, in the composting process, the ratio of the carbon content to the nitrogen content is 20-35: 1, pH 7.8-8.1, preferably pH 8.0.
In step S3, the fermentation temperature is 80-90 deg.C, and the rotation speed of the fermentation reactor is 30 Hz.
In step S5, the moisture content of the discharged organic fertilizer is below 30%.
The temperature of the compost is kept above 50 ℃ for 5-7 days, pathogenic microorganisms in the compost can be killed, and the method is an important condition for ensuring the qualified hygienic index of the compost and the thorough decomposition of the compost. The microbial inoculum is added in the initial composting stage to promote the rapid temperature rise of the compost, the compost reaches a high-temperature stage 1-4 days earlier than normal, the microbial inoculum is added to play a role in rapid temperature rise, and the decomposition process of organic materials is effectively promoted.
Moisture is an important parameter that affects the effectiveness of composting. In the composting process, water is a necessary condition for the growth of microorganisms, and the water content of 50-65% is most beneficial to the decomposition of the microorganisms. The moisture content of the compost affects the activity of the microorganisms in the compost as a regulator of the heat. The water content of the compost with the added inactivated bacteria and the water content of the natural compost are respectively reduced by 36.75 percent, 33.54 percent and 40.63 percent. Therefore, the microbial agent is added to enhance the activity of microorganisms in the compost, promote the metabolism of the microorganisms, increase the temperature of the compost and accelerate the evaporation of water.
The change in PH is another important indicator of microbial activity in the composting process. It is generally considered that the optimum pH is about 8.0, and in this range, the reaction rate at the initial stage can be significantly increased, and the time required for composting to reach a high temperature can be shortened. The composting can obtain the maximum efficiency and can also avoid the odor problem caused by the overlong composting reaction time.
The carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is an important factor influencing the composting effect, carbon is an energy source for biochemical reaction of composting, nitrogen is a main factor for controlling biosynthesis and is also a control factor for reaction speed, and the ideal C/N ratio of the composting process is 20-35: 1.
the invention provides a rapid composting microbial inoculum and a method for producing organic fertilizer by using the same
1) The prevention and control range of disease resistance to soil-borne diseases comprises: blight, verticillium wilt, damping off, root rot, bacterial wilt, damping-off, anthracnose, foul mold, gummy stem disease, gray mold, black root disease, soft rot, clubroot, leaf blight, yellow leaf disease, epidemic disease, etc.
2) The nutrient is comprehensive and durable, the soil nutrient can be continuously converted, and the fertilizer efficiency can reach 120 days.
3) The production cost is reduced, the usage amount of pesticides is reduced, and the usage amount of other fertilizers is reduced, such as phosphate fertilizers and potash fertilizers are not needed.
4) The soil is improved, the exchange of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil is facilitated, the pesticide residue is reduced, and the living environment of plants is improved.
The invention provides the method for preparing the organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
1) and a base fertilizer: the fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 80-150 kg/mu of commercial crops such as vegetables, 80-100 kg/mu of grains, 80-100 kg/mu of tea trees, 1-3 kg/mu of fruit trees and 0.5-1 kg/square meter of lawns.
2) And topdressing: if necessary, the application is carried out appropriately. 3. The fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and crops in the growth period of 100 days do not need additional fertilizer. Experiments are carried out by adopting the organic fertilizer prepared by the invention, the experimental results are shown in figure 1, and from the figure 1, the organic fertilizer prepared by the invention can enable crops to grow better.
Livestock and poultry manure contains a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, for example, broiler manure contains 50% of edible nitrogen and 55% of edible phosphorus; 80 to 85 percent of nitrogen and phosphorus are fed into the growing beefsteak. This poses a great hazard to the environment. According to the calculation, at least 3 ten thousand tons of sewage is discharged to the periphery of a ten thousand cattle farm every year, wherein the sewage contains about 107 tons of nitrogen and 31 tons of phosphorus, the nitrogen and the phosphorus are converted into nitrate and phosphate after entering the soil, the production value of the land is lost due to the high content of the nitrogen and the phosphorus, the pollution to surface water and underground water is caused, and the total amount of nitrate nitrogen, hardness and bacteria in the water exceeds the standard.
The offensive odors in animal husbandry are mainly derived from feces, feed fermentation, livestock respiration, etc., and the main compounds of the offensive odors include carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, indole, skatole (methylindole), aliphatic aldehydes, mercaptans, amines, etc. The ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, methane and the like in the odor can reduce the production performance of livestock and poultry when the concentration is low, and can poison and die young livestock when the concentration is high, so that the health of breeding workers is damaged, and respiratory diseases are easily caused. If the excrement can not be treated in time after being discharged, the odor can be increased, and the health of people and livestock is harmed.
The livestock and poultry manure is the pollution source with the largest quantity and the most serious harm in livestock and poultry wastes. The amount of excrement and urine discharged by livestock and poultry every day is 5-8% of the body weight. According to the determination: in a 10 ten thousand chicken farm, the annual chicken manure can reach 3600t, and the total BOD5 in the chicken manure is 0.7 time of human excrement; a5000 cattle farm discharged about 18t of excrement per day, the excretion of one cattle was equivalent to 4 persons, and the total BOD5 in the excrement was 13 times of that of human excrement. The livestock and poultry manure is large in quantity, and the quantity and the types of pollutants contained in the livestock and poultry manure are very many, and mainly comprise: the foul smell components contained in the excrement and urine and the decomposition products thereof, a large amount of organic matters such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, alcohols, phenols, amides, amines, indole and the like generated by decomposing the excrement and urine under the anaerobic condition, a large amount of pathogenic bacteria, microorganisms, heavy metals, veterinary drugs and the like. The substances can pollute the environment through the atmosphere, water and soil, generate foul smell, stimulate the respiratory tract of people and livestock, cause respiratory diseases and cause the reduction of the productivity of livestock and poultry; attract mosquitoes and flies, propagate and spread diseases; the pollution to drinking water, soil and crops can spread diseases of people and livestock and infectious diseases of livestock and poultry.
The invention provides a fast composting microbial inoculum and a method for producing organic fertilizer by using the same, which comprises the following notes: avoiding strong light, which should be applied in the evening and in the cloudy day; water or soil coverage; forbidding mixed application with the sterilization pesticide; the shelf life is two years.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fast composting microbial inoculum is characterized in that the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 7 percent, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 50 percent, the content of amino acid is more than or equal to 20 percent, the content of medium trace elements is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g.
2. The fast composting microbial inoculum of claim 1 wherein the effective viable count is one or more of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus polymyxa, non-antagonistic compound bacillus subtilis, trichoderma viride, silicates, actinomycetes.
3. A method for producing an organic fertilizer by a rapid composting microbial inoculum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: mixing livestock and poultry manure and cassava residues to obtain a premix;
s2: adding a rapid composting microbial inoculum into the premix, and carrying out composting treatment to obtain a mixture;
s3: putting the mixture into a fermentation reactor, adding a special straw fermentation microbial inoculum, and carrying out hot enzyme reactor treatment;
s4: treating the finished product obtained by fermentation to obtain an organic fertilizer;
s5: and granulating, drying, cooling and screening the prepared organic fertilizer.
4. The method for producing organic fertilizer by using fast composting microbial inoculum as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S1, the water content of the premixture is 54-56%.
5. The method for producing the organic fertilizer by using the rapid composting microbial inoculum as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step S2, the weight ratio of the added rapid composting microbial inoculum to the pre-mixture is 1: 1000.
6. The method for producing the organic fertilizer by the rapid composting microbial inoculum as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S2, the composting temperature is more than 50 ℃ and the composting time is 4-6 h.
7. The method for producing organic fertilizer by using rapid composting microbial inoculum as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S2, the water content of the mixture is 30-35%.
8. The method for producing organic fertilizer by using rapid composting microbial inoculum according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the composting process is 20-35: 1, and the PH value is 7.8-8.1.
9. The method for producing organic fertilizer by using rapid composting microbial inoculum as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S3, the fermentation temperature is 80-90 ℃, and the rotation speed of the fermentation reactor is 30 Hz.
10. The method for producing the organic fertilizer by the rapid composting microbial inoculum as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S5, the moisture content of the discharged organic fertilizer is below 30%.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113234624A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-10 | 北京丰泰民安生物科技有限公司 | Ferment microbial inoculum, composite functional microbial inoculum and special fertilizer for watermelon |
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Application publication date: 20200901 |
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