CN114031461B - Organic silicon fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Organic silicon fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland restoration, and particularly relates to an organic silicon fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice, and a preparation method and application thereof. The organic silicon fertilizer comprises the following components: 10-20 parts of vinasse, 35-50 parts of conditioner, 8-12 parts of humic acid, 4-6 parts of ferment bacteria, 10-15 parts of kieselguhr, 5-15 parts of nano silicon and 2-3 parts of potassium chloride. The source of raw material components is wide, the cost is low, the preparation method is simple, a good restoration effect is generated on heavy metal polluted soil, the biological effectiveness of chromium and arsenic in the polluted soil can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the soil structure can be improved, the effects of fertility improvement and yield increase are achieved, and the restoration and fertility improvement integrated effect is achieved; the method for reducing the chromium and arsenic content in the rice provided by the invention has the advantages of simple technology, strong operability, low energy consumption and environment friendliness by applying the organic silicon fertilizer and combining the moisture management measures, and can be popularized to farmland planting with slight exceeding of chromium and arsenic.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland restoration, and particularly relates to an organic silicon fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Healthy soil is the basis for achieving united nations sustainable development goals (UN SDGs). However, the continuous use of pesticides, fertilizers, irrigation wastewater, plastics and rural waste on a global scale causes serious agricultural soil pollution. With the rapid economic growth driving of industry, mining and energy production in severe conflict with traditional agricultural practices and consumption behaviors, the resulting soil pollution directly leads to deterioration of human health.
At present, farmland heavy metal pollution is mainly repaired by adopting: phytoremediation, soil passivation, and alternative planting techniques. Chinese patent document CN 105750323A discloses a method for repairing chromium pollution in farmland under planting production conditions, which comprises: 64% -75% of ferrous sulfate, 0.2% -1% of mixed microbial inoculum and 0% -35% of aluminum oxide, wherein the organic silicon fertilizer is any combination of wormcast, one or two of commercial organic silicon fertilizer and cow dung, and the repairing method mainly comprises the steps of spraying the organic silicon fertilizer in a field in a passivating agent mode, so that the biological effectiveness passivation effect on Cr element is achieved, but only the form of Cr is transformed, and the biological effectiveness of Cr is possibly enhanced if the environment changes in the later period. Chinese patent document 201710517233.2 discloses a method for repairing farmland arsenic pollution under planting production conditions. The method comprises the following steps: the raw materials of the passivating agent are rice straw, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and hydrogen peroxide, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cleaning rice straw, grinding, and adding FeSO 4 ·7H 2 Soaking in O solution, and adding 30% H at a certain proportion 2 O 2 And (3) after uniformly mixing, filtering and drying, and carbonizing in a muffle furnace at 300-400 ℃ to obtain the passivating agent. The passivating agent is complex to manufacture, and the irrigation mode still needs to be controlled in the planting process.
In view of various defects and limitations of passivation technology in the current polluted farmland restoration process, an economic and effective planting mode is researched, and the method has important social and environmental significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and limitations of the existing polluted farmland restoration technology.
To this end, the present invention provides a silicone fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice, comprising: 10-20 parts of vinasse, 35-50 parts of conditioner, 8-12 parts of humic acid, 4-6 parts of ferment bacteria, 10-15 parts of kieselguhr, 5-15 parts of nano silicon and 2-3 parts of potassium chloride.
Specifically, the conditioner comprises at least one of rice straw, rice hull or rapeseed cake.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the organic silicon fertilizer for reducing the chromium and arsenic content in rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment: weighing distilled grain, a conditioner, humic acid, ferment bacteria, diatomite, nano silicon and potassium chloride as raw materials according to the proportion of the organic silicon fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, adding other components into the distilled grain, adjusting the water content, and uniformly mixing and stirring;
(2) High-temperature fermentation: fermenting the pretreated material piles, stirring and aerating the piles in the fermentation process, and periodically detecting and adjusting the fermentation temperature;
(3) And (3) fermentation post-treatment: and stacking and decomposing the materials subjected to high-temperature fermentation to obtain the organic silicon fertilizer for reducing the chromium and arsenic content in the rice.
Specifically, the water content in the step (1) is 45-55%.
Specifically, the fermentation temperature in the step (2) is 50-65 ℃.
Specifically, the stacking decomposition in the step (3) is specifically: stacking the fermented materials, decomposing for 5-7 days, and ventilating at the bottom of the pile by air blast periodically.
The invention also provides a method for reducing the chromium and arsenic content in rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an organic silicon fertilizer for reducing the chromium and arsenic content in rice by adopting the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 6;
(2) Applying the organic silicon fertilizer into the farmland in a base fertilizer form, and ploughing and soaking the farmland;
(3) Transplanting rice after the field soaking is finished, and performing moisture management in the growth process of the rice to control the field water level.
Specifically, the organic fertilizer application amount in the step (2) is 300-600 kg/mu.
Specifically, the water management method in the step (3) is that the seedling is controlled by falling dry at the end of rice tillering.
Specifically, the water management method in the step (3) is to irrigate the rice in a flooding way in the whole growth period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) The organic silicon fertilizer provided by the invention has the advantages that the sources of the raw material components used are wide, the cost is low, the nano silicon is adopted to ferment together with the raw materials such as vinasse, humus, ferment bacteria, potassium chloride, diatomite and the like, the organic silicon fertilizer is environment-friendly, stable and efficient, does not influence agricultural production, is suitable for mass use, and can effectively reduce the bioavailability of chromium and arsenic in polluted soil.
(2) The preparation method of the organic silicon fertilizer is simple, and the distillers' grains provide organic matter content for fermentation; the ferment bacteria have strong aerobic fermentation and decomposition capacity, can decompose vinasse, rice straw, rapeseed cakes and the like, can provide microorganisms for soil, can form beneficial microorganism group advantages in the soil, inhibit the propagation of harmful microorganisms, can obviously reduce crop diseases and insect pests and continuous cropping diseases of crops caused by the damage of the harmful microorganisms, can control the disease and insect pest propagation of the soil by utilizing ferment bacteria composting, overcome the continuous cropping diseases of the crops, generate a large amount of humus, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, improve the ground temperature, promote the premature ripening of the crops and supplement nutrition for the crops; potassium chloride provides potash fertilizer for crops; the silicon element can improve the resistance of crops to various diseases and insect pests, and promote the development of root systems, plump seeds and growth and expansion of fruits of the crops; the organic silicon fertilizer provided by the invention not only has good restoration effect on heavy metal polluted soil, but also can improve the soil structure, has the functions of fertilization and yield increase, and achieves the effect of integrating restoration and fertilization.
(3) According to the method for reducing the chromium and arsenic content in the rice, disclosed by the invention, the organic silicon fertilizer is applied, the water management measures are combined, the technology is simple, the operability is strong, the energy consumption is low, the method is environment-friendly, and the obtained planting technology can be popularized to farmland planting with the chromium and arsenic in other rice slightly exceeding standards.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following examples, and it is obvious that the described examples are only some examples of the present invention, but not all examples. Although representative embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should not be limited to the embodiments, but should be defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
The invention provides an organic silicon fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice, which comprises the following components: 10-20 parts of vinasse, 35-50 parts of conditioner, 8-12 parts of humic acid, 4-6 parts of ferment bacteria, 10-15 parts of kieselguhr, 5-15 parts of nano silicon and 2-3 parts of potassium chloride. Wherein the conditioner comprises at least one of rice straw, rice hull or rapeseed cake.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the organic silicon fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment: weighing distiller's grains, conditioner, humic acid, ferment bacteria, diatomite, nano silicon and potassium chloride as raw materials according to the proportion of the organic silicon fertilizer, taking the distiller's grains as the main raw materials, adding other components into the main raw materials, adjusting the water content to be proper, preferably 45-55%, and uniformly mixing and stirring;
(2) High-temperature fermentation: the pretreated raw materials are piled, stirring and aeration are carried out on the piled in the fermentation process, the content of organic matters, moisture, temperature and pH value in the piled can be changed due to the action of microorganisms, the fermentation temperature is required to be detected and regulated regularly, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 50-65 ℃, germ eggs in the raw materials can be effectively killed, and a large amount of moisture can be evaporated;
(3) And (3) fermentation post-treatment: the materials after high-temperature fermentation are piled and decomposed, so that the stabilization of organic matters is promoted, and the fermentation field is saved; the fermented materials are stacked, placed for 5-7 days, blown and ventilated at the bottom of the pile regularly, ventilation holes are punched on the stack regularly when necessary, and organic matters in the materials are degraded by secondary composting and converted into stable organic silicon fertilizer.
The invention also provides a method for reducing the chromium and arsenic content in rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) By adopting the preparation method, the organic silicon fertilizer for reducing the chromium and arsenic content in the rice is prepared;
(2) Applying the organic silicon fertilizer into the farmland in a base fertilizer form, wherein the application amount is 300-600 kg/mu, and ploughing and soaking the farmland;
(3) Transplanting rice after the field soaking is finished, and performing moisture management in the growth process of the rice to control the field water level; the water management method can be dry falling seedling control at the end of tillering or full-growth period flooding irrigation.
The effects of the organic fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice and the method of using the same according to the present invention are examined by the following specific examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides an organic fertilizer for reducing the chromium and arsenic content in rice, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment: weighing 15 parts of vinasse, 35 parts of rice straw, 10 parts of rapeseed cakes, 5 parts of ferment bacteria, 15 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of nano silicon and 2 parts of potassium chloride according to a proportion, adding other raw materials into the vinasse to obtain a material with the water content of 52%, and uniformly mixing and stirring;
(2) High-temperature fermentation: piling up the pretreated material strips, stirring and aerating the piled material in the fermentation process, periodically detecting and adjusting the fermentation temperature, and controlling the fermentation temperature to be 50-65 ℃;
(3) And (3) fermentation post-treatment: stacking the materials after high-temperature fermentation to a height of 2m, allowing the materials to stand for 7 days to decompose, and periodically blasting air at the bottom of the pile to obtain the stable organic silicon fertilizer for reducing the chromium and arsenic content in the rice.
The influence of different addition amounts and moisture management methods on the effect of reducing the chromium and arsenic content in rice is also studied by using the organic silicon fertilizer. The average concentration of chromium in farmland soil for cultivation is 85mg/kg, the arsenic content is 30mg/kg, the chromium content in rice planted in the farmland in the previous year is 1.89mg/kg, and the arsenic content is 0.25mg/kg, which are all beyond the requirements of the pollutant limit in food safety national standard food (GB 2762-2017).
Six mu of land is planned in the farmland and is used as the cultivation land of the control group 1-2 and the experimental group 1-4 respectively.
Control group 1: the farmland is ploughed and soaked for 2 weeks without applying organic silicon fertilizer, the rice is transplanted after the farmland is soaked, the rice growth vigor is concerned, the rice pest control is carried out, the seedling is controlled by dropping dry at the end of the rice tillering period, the farmland is dried after 15 days before harvesting, and the chromium and arsenic content in the rice is detected, and the result is shown in table 1.
Control group 2: the farmland is ploughed and soaked for 2 weeks without applying organic silicon fertilizer, the rice is transplanted after the farmland is soaked, the rice growth vigor is concerned, the rice is prevented and treated by diseases and insect pests, the rice is irrigated by flooding in the whole growth period, the rice is drained and dried in the sun 15 days before harvesting, and the chromium and arsenic content in the rice is detected, and the result is shown in table 1.
Experiment group 1: applying an organic silicon fertilizer with the addition amount of 300 kg/mu, ploughing and soaking the farmland, transplanting the rice after 2 weeks, paying attention to the growth vigor of the rice, controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the rice, dropping dry seedlings at the end of the tillering period of the rice, controlling the seedlings, draining water 15 days before harvesting, and sunning the farmland, and detecting the chromium and arsenic content in the rice, wherein the result is shown in table 1.
Experiment group 2: applying an organic silicon fertilizer with the addition amount of 300 kg/mu, ploughing and soaking the farmland, transplanting the rice after soaking the farmland for 2 weeks, focusing on the growth vigor of the rice, controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the rice, flooding irrigation in the whole growth period of the rice, draining water 15 days before harvesting, and sunning the farmland, and detecting the chromium and arsenic content in the rice, wherein the result is shown in table 1.
Experiment group 3: applying an organic silicon fertilizer with the addition amount of 600 kg/mu, ploughing and soaking the farmland, transplanting the rice after 2 weeks, paying attention to the growth vigor of the rice, controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the rice, dropping dry seedlings at the end of the tillering period of the rice, controlling the seedlings, draining water 15 days before harvesting, and sunning the farmland, and detecting the chromium and arsenic content in the rice, wherein the result is shown in Table 1.
Experiment group 4: applying an organic silicon fertilizer with the addition amount of 600 kg/mu, ploughing and soaking the farmland, transplanting the rice after soaking the farmland for 2 weeks, focusing on the growth vigor of the rice, controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the rice, flooding irrigation in the whole growth period of the rice, draining water 15 days before harvesting, and sunning the farmland, and detecting the chromium and arsenic content in the rice, wherein the result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 detection results of chromium and arsenic contents in rice
As can be seen from table 1, when the organic silicon fertilizer is applied in the form of the base fertilizer, and uniformly mixed with the rotary cultivator, and then the paddy field is soaked, the effect of the organic silicon fertilizer addition amounts in different proportions and the different moisture management methods on the effectiveness of chromium and arsenic in the paddy field is different. The organic silicon fertilizer is applied in the experimental group 1 with the addition of 300 kg/mu, and the organic silicon fertilizer is applied in the experimental group 4 with the addition of 600 kg/mu at the end stage of rice tillering, and the organic silicon fertilizer is applied in the full growth period of rice for flooding irrigation, so that the chromium and arsenic content of the rice can be effectively reduced, the investment cost is comprehensively considered, and the method of the experimental group 1 is most economical and practical.
Example 2:
this example investigated the effect of the silicone fertilizer prepared with different composition ratios on the effect of reducing the chromium and arsenic content in rice, and the farmland for cultivation was the same as in example 1. .
Experiment group 1: the organic silicon fertilizer prepared in the example 1 is adopted, the organic silicon fertilizer is applied in the addition amount of 300 kg/mu, the farmland is ploughed and soaked for 2 weeks, the rice is transplanted, the rice growth vigor is concerned, the pest control of the rice is carried out, the seedling is controlled by dropping dry at the terminal stage of the rice tillering, the seedlings are discharged 15 days before harvesting, the farmland is dried, and the chromium and arsenic content in the rice is detected, and the result is shown in the table 2.
Experiment group 2: the same method as in example 1 is adopted to prepare the organic silicon fertilizer, and the difference is that 10 parts of vinasse, 30 parts of rice straw, 5 parts of rapeseed cakes, 4 parts of ferment bacteria, 10 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of nano silicon and 2 parts of potassium chloride are weighed according to the proportion in the step (1). Applying an organic silicon fertilizer with the addition amount of 300 kg/mu, ploughing and soaking the farmland, transplanting the rice after 2 weeks, paying attention to the growth vigor of the rice, controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the rice, dropping dry seedlings at the end of the tillering period of the rice, controlling the seedlings, draining water 15 days before harvesting, and sunning the farmland, and detecting the chromium and arsenic content in the rice, wherein the result is shown in Table 2.
Experiment group 3: the same method as in example 1 is adopted to prepare the organic silicon fertilizer, and the difference is that in the step (1), 20 parts of vinasse, 40 parts of rice straw, 10 parts of rapeseed cakes, 6 parts of ferment bacteria, 15 parts of diatomite, 15 parts of nano silicon and 3 parts of potassium chloride are weighed according to the proportion. Applying an organic silicon fertilizer with the addition amount of 300 kg/mu, ploughing and soaking the farmland, transplanting the rice after 2 weeks, paying attention to the growth vigor of the rice, controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the rice, dropping dry seedlings at the end of the tillering period of the rice, controlling the seedlings, draining water 15 days before harvesting, and sunning the farmland, and detecting the chromium and arsenic content in the rice, wherein the result is shown in Table 2.
Control group 1: 15 parts of vinasse, 35 parts of rice straw, 10 parts of rapeseed cakes, 5 parts of ferment bacteria, 15 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of nano silicon and 2 parts of potassium chloride are weighed according to the proportion, other raw materials are added into the vinasse to obtain a material with the water content of 52%, and the materials are uniformly mixed and stirred to be used as an organic silicon fertilizer. Applying an organic silicon fertilizer with the addition amount of 300 kg/mu, ploughing and soaking the farmland, transplanting the rice after 2 weeks, paying attention to the growth vigor of the rice, controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the rice, dropping dry seedlings at the end of the tillering period of the rice, controlling the seedlings, draining water 15 days before harvesting, and sunning the farmland, and detecting the chromium and arsenic content in the rice, wherein the result is shown in Table 2.
Control group 2: the same method as in example 1 is used for preparing the organic silicon fertilizer, and the difference is that in the step (1), 20 parts of vinasse, 40 parts of rice straw, 10 parts of rapeseed cake, 6 parts of ferment bacteria, 15 parts of diatomite and 3 parts of potassium chloride are weighed according to the proportion. Applying an organic silicon fertilizer with the addition amount of 300 kg/mu, ploughing and soaking the farmland, transplanting the rice after 2 weeks, paying attention to the growth vigor of the rice, controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the rice, dropping dry seedlings at the end of the tillering period of the rice, controlling the seedlings, draining water 15 days before harvesting, and sunning the farmland, and detecting the chromium and arsenic content in the rice, wherein the result is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 detection results of chromium and arsenic contents in rice
From the results of experimental group 1 and control group 1 in table 2, it is understood that the fermented organic silicon fertilizer is more stable by the method provided by the application, and has more excellent effect in reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice than the organic silicon fertilizer which is not fermented. In addition, the organic silicon fertilizer provided by the invention has different raw material proportions, different effects on reducing the chromium and arsenic contents in rice, and synergistic effects exist among the components.
In conclusion, the organic silicon fertilizer provided by the invention has the advantages that the sources of the raw material components are wide, the cost is low, the nano silicon is adopted to ferment together with the raw materials such as vinasse, humus and the like, the preparation method is simple, a good repairing effect on heavy metal polluted soil is achieved, meanwhile, the soil structure can be improved, the silicon element is supplemented for crops, the resistance of the crops to various diseases and insect pests is improved, the root systems of the crops are promoted to develop, the seeds are full, the growth and the expansion of fruits are promoted, the effects of fertility improvement and yield increase are achieved, and the effect of integrating repairing and fertility improvement is achieved; the organic fertilizer is environment-friendly, stable and efficient, does not influence agricultural production, is suitable for mass use, and can effectively reduce the bioavailability of chromium and arsenic in polluted soil; according to the method for reducing the chromium and arsenic content in the rice, disclosed by the invention, the organic silicon fertilizer is applied, the water management measures are combined, the technology is simple, the operability is strong, the energy consumption is low, the method is environment-friendly, and the obtained planting technology can be popularized to farmland planting with the chromium and arsenic in other rice slightly exceeding standards.
The foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all designs that are the same or similar to the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The organic silicon fertilizer for reducing the chromium and arsenic content in rice is characterized by comprising 10-20 parts of vinasse, 35-50 parts of conditioner, 8-12 parts of humic acid, 4-6 parts of ferment bacteria, 10-15 parts of diatomite, 5-15 parts of nano silicon and 2-3 parts of potassium chloride; the conditioner comprises at least one of rice straw, rice hull or rapeseed cake; the organic silicon fertilizer is prepared and used by the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment: weighing distiller's grains, conditioner, humic acid, ferment bacteria, diatomite, nano silicon and potassium chloride as raw materials according to a proportion, adding other components into the distiller's grains, adjusting the water content, and uniformly mixing and stirring;
(2) High-temperature fermentation: fermenting the pretreated material piles, stirring and aerating the piles in the fermentation process, and periodically detecting and adjusting the fermentation temperature;
(3) And (3) fermentation post-treatment: stacking and decomposing the materials subjected to high-temperature fermentation to obtain an organic silicon fertilizer for reducing the chromium and arsenic content in rice;
(4) Applying the organic silicon fertilizer into the farmland in a base fertilizer form, and ploughing and soaking the farmland; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 300-600 kg/mu;
(5) Transplanting rice after the field soaking is finished, and performing moisture management in the growth process of the rice to control the field water level; the water management method is that the seedling is controlled by dropping dry at the terminal stage of rice tillering or irrigated by flooding water at the whole growth period of rice.
2. The organic silicon fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice according to claim 1, wherein: the water content in the step (1) is 45-55%.
3. The organic silicon fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice according to claim 1, wherein: the fermentation temperature in the step (2) is 50-65 ℃.
4. The organic silicon fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice according to claim 1, wherein the code pile decomposition in the step (3) is specifically: stacking the fermented materials, decomposing for 5-7 days, and ventilating at the bottom of the pile by air blast periodically.
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