CN110679255A - Rice field silicon application method for reducing chromium content of rice grains - Google Patents
Rice field silicon application method for reducing chromium content of rice grains Download PDFInfo
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- CN110679255A CN110679255A CN201910981052.4A CN201910981052A CN110679255A CN 110679255 A CN110679255 A CN 110679255A CN 201910981052 A CN201910981052 A CN 201910981052A CN 110679255 A CN110679255 A CN 110679255A
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- rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a paddy field silicon application method for reducing chromium content of paddy rice grains, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the chromium-polluted soil (the chromium concentration of the soil is 1000 mg/kg, which reaches more than 3 times of the national standard and belongs to severe pollution), the total silicon application amount is 200 kg/hm2The silicon fertilizer is applied for three times, and 1/3 of the total silicon amount is respectively applied in 5 days before rice seedling transplanting, 20 days after the rice seedling transplanting and in the heading period. Before applying silicon, thin layer water (about 3 cm) is irrigated in the rice field, and the silicon fertilizer is dissolved in the water for applying, wherein the water consumption per hectare is about 450 kg. Compared with the common method without applying silicon in the actual production of rice, the implementation effect of the method reduces the chromium content of rice grains by 69.84-72.73 percent and improves the rice yield by 5.55-7.45 percent. In areas with severe soil chromium pollution, the application of the technical scheme can greatly reduce the chromium content of rice grains.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a paddy field silicon application method for reducing chromium content of paddy rice grains, belonging to the technology of prevention and treatment of heavy metal pollution of crops.
Background
With the great increase of population number, the acceleration of urbanization process and the rapid development of industry and agriculture in China, heavy metal elements which are toxic to organisms are rapidly and excessively accumulated in soil, so that the serious pollution to the soil environment is caused, and the method has attracted the wide attention of people.
After the heavy metal elements enter a human body, if the accumulation amount exceeds a certain value, the activity of the biological enzyme is damaged, the biological enzyme is inactivated, and the normal biochemical reaction of the human body is influenced. When excessive heavy metal elements enter a human body, the heavy metal elements are combined with organic components in the human body and do not exist in an ion form any more to form a metal chelate or a metal complex, so that the health of the human body is influenced and damaged. Heavy metals can react with various nutrients in the body (such as proteins, ribose, vitamins, hormones, etc.). So that the basic physiological functions and activities of the above substances are lost or changed, and then pathological changes are generated. For example, kidney dysfunction in humans is often associated with excessive intake of food products with high heavy metal content, which can shorten the life span and even lead to death in severe cases.
Chromium is one of the definite limited 7 heavy metal pollution elements in national food safety standard in China. With the development of modern industry and agriculture, more and more chromium flows into the environment, and the problem of soil chromium pollution tends to be aggravated continuously. For example, the Suzhou river in Shanghai is seriously polluted in the upstream and midstream due to the long-term receiving of chromium-containing wastewater, and the chromium content in the wastewater exceeds 25 times of the national standard; the chromium content of soil in suburb sewage irrigation areas of Maanshan is up to 950 mg/kg, which is more than 3 times of the national standard and 11 times of the soil in clean irrigation areas; the chromium content in the soil of the chromium-polluted areas in Tianjin city reaches 582 and 7060 mg/kg, which causes serious pollution to farmlands.
The pollution of chromium in soil mainly comes from the discharge of three wastes in the industrial production process, such as: acid pickling and electroplating wastewater, waste residues produced by refractory production, wastewater from leather tanning, waste gas, waste water and waste residues from chromate and chromium trioxide industries, coal burning, sludge application, sewage irrigation and the like are also sources of chromium pollution.
The chromium content is too high, which can cause serious toxic effect on plants, and when the chromium concentration in the soil solution is more than 10 multiplied by 10-6At mg/kg, plant growth began to be affected, greater than 25X 10-6At mg/kg, the green color of the plant disappears, rice has no tillering, the color of the leaf sheath turns grey, the cell tissue is damaged, the plant starts to be gradually festered, the growth of the plant is hindered, and the yield is reduced. Chromium and its compounds have a strong toxicity to the human reproductive system, especially by affecting the male gonads.
Rice is the most important food crop in China, and most people take rice as staple food, especially in Yangtze river watershed with dense population and in the south. According to research, chromium can enter human bodies through rice straws and rice through a food chain, and brings direct or indirect harm to human health. Chromium in rice is a main source of human chromium in rice staple food areas, and contributes more to human chromium exposure than drinking water. Therefore, the prevention and control of the chromium pollution of the rice field and the rice are very important for guaranteeing the health of people in China.
The chromium concentration in rice is influenced not only by the soil pollution condition and rice variety, but also by the cultivation technique. During the growth of rice, the agricultural measures such as fertilization and water management can change the physical and chemical conditions of soil and the growth conditions of rice, change the existing state of chromium in the soil and the effectiveness of the chromium on plants, and influence the absorption and distribution of the chromium by the rice, so that different rice field silicon application amounts and application methods have different influences on the chromium absorption of the rice. However, there is a very lack of research on the influence of the application level and the application period of the silicon fertilizer on the chromium content of rice kernels, and thus there is a very lack of silicon application methods for reducing the chromium content of rice kernels in chromium-contaminated rice fields.
On the basis of years of research of the applicant, the invention discloses a rice field silicon application method which can greatly reduce the chromium concentration of rice grains and remarkably improve the rice yield in a chromium-polluted rice field.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the rice field silicon application method for reducing the chromium content of the rice grains can greatly reduce the chromium content of the rice grains in the rice field polluted by chromium, and the rice yield is also obviously improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a paddy field silicon application method for reducing chromium content of paddy rice grains is characterized in that: in the chromium-polluted soil (the chromium concentration of the soil is 1000 mg/kg, which reaches more than 3 times of the national standard and belongs to severe pollution), the total silicon application amount is 200 kg/hm2The silicon fertilizer is applied for three times, and 1/3 of the total silicon amount is respectively applied in 5 days before rice seedling transplanting, 20 days after the rice seedling transplanting and in the heading period. Before applying silicon, thin layer of water (about 3 cm) is applied to rice field, and the silicon fertilizer is dissolved in water and appliedThe water consumption of hectare is about 450 kg, silicon fertilizer is dissolved and uniformly mixed and then is uniformly applied to the soil in the rice field, water is irrigated after the water layer naturally falls dry, and water is not drained before the water layer falls dry.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: after the method is implemented in soil chromium-polluted areas, the chromium content of rice grains can be greatly reduced, and the rice yield is also obviously improved. Compared with the common method without applying silicon in the actual production of rice (contrast), the chromium content of rice grains is reduced by 69.84-72.73%, and the rice yield is improved by 5.55-7.45%. In a soil chromium pollution area (the soil chromium concentration is 1000 mg/kg, reaches more than 3 times of the national limit standard and belongs to severe pollution), the application of the technical scheme of the patent can greatly reduce the chromium content of rice grains and reduce the threat of the chromium pollution of the rice grains to the human health.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a paddy field silicon application method for reducing chromium content of paddy rice grains. The total silicon application amount is 200 kg/hm in the whole rice production period2The silicon fertilizer is applied for three times, and 1/3 of the total silicon amount is respectively applied in 5 days before rice seedling transplanting, 20 days after the rice seedling transplanting and in the heading period. Before silicon application, thin layer water (about 3 cm) is irrigated in the rice field, silicon fertilizer is dissolved in water for irrigation, the water consumption per hectare is about 450 kg, the silicon fertilizer is evenly dissolved and evenly mixed and then is irrigated in the rice field soil, water layers naturally fall to dryness and then are irrigated, and water is not drained before the water layers fall to dryness. In the selection of rice varieties, japonica rice varieties with weak chromium absorption capacity in soil are preferably selected, and indica rice or hybrid rice varieties with strong chromium absorption capacity are not preferably selected.
The following further proves that the chromium content of the rice grains in the chromium-contaminated soil can be greatly reduced, and the rice yield is remarkably improved. The data in the table are obtained under the conditions that the chromium content of the soil is 1000 mg/kg and the soil reaches more than 3 times of the national standard (the heavy pollution degree), and other fertilizer and water management measures are carried out according to the rice production convention.
TABLE 1 comparison of chromium content (unit: mg/kg) in rice grains under different silicon application methods in rice field
Note: rice field silicon application time code
A: the fertilizer is applied once, and is applied once 5 days before the rice is transplanted.
B: the application is divided into two times, 1/2 of the total silicon amount is respectively applied 5 days before the rice is transplanted and 20 days after the rice is transplanted.
C: the application is carried out for three times, and 1/3 of the total silicon amount is respectively applied to 5 days before the rice is transplanted, 20 days after the rice is transplanted and in the heading period.
TABLE 2 comparison of rice yields (unit: kg/hm) in different rice fields under different silicon application methods2）
From both the silicon application level and the silicon application period, it can be seen from the analysis of tables 1 and 2 that:
(1) from silicon application level analysis
Under different silicon application levels, the sequence of the chromium content of rice grains is as follows: silicon is not applied > low amount of silicon is applied > medium amount of silicon is applied ≈ high amount of silicon. The sequence of rice yields was: no silicon application < low silicon application < medium silicon application < high silicon application, but the difference in rice yield between medium silicon application and high silicon application is small.
(2) Analysis from silicon application method
In different silicon applying methods, the sequence of the chromium content of rice grains is as follows: silicon is applied for one time, twice and three times. The sequence of rice yields was: silicon is applied for one time (twice) and three times.
The influence of silicon application level and silicon application method on the chromium content of rice grains and the rice yield is comprehensively considered, and the silicon application cost is considered, and the medium silicon application (200 kg/hm)2) The silicon applying method applied in three times can greatly reduce the chromium content of rice grains and obviously improve the rice yield.
Claims (2)
1. Reduce chromium content of rice grainsThe method for applying silicon to the rice field is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the chromium-polluted soil (the chromium concentration of the soil is 1000 mg/kg, which reaches more than 3 times of the national standard and belongs to severe pollution), the total silicon application amount is 200 kg/hm2(silicon is applied in a medium amount).
2. The rice field silicon application method for reducing the chromium content of rice grains according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the application is carried out for three times, 1/3 of the total silicon application amount is respectively applied 5 days before the rice is transplanted, 20 days after the rice is transplanted and in the heading period; before applying silicon, the rice field is irrigated with thin layer of water (about 3 cm), and the silicon fertilizer is dissolved in the water for pouring.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114031461A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-11 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Organic silicon fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice and preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106471911A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2017-03-08 | 常州大学 | In a kind of reduction severe mercury pollution rice field, rice grain mercury content applies silicon method |
| CN109275526A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-01-29 | 常州大学 | Rice chromium content applies phosphorus method in a kind of reduction chromium-polluted soil |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106471911A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2017-03-08 | 常州大学 | In a kind of reduction severe mercury pollution rice field, rice grain mercury content applies silicon method |
| CN109275526A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-01-29 | 常州大学 | Rice chromium content applies phosphorus method in a kind of reduction chromium-polluted soil |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 周建华等: "硅营养缓解水稻幼苗Cd、Cr毒害的生理研究 ", 《应用与环境生物学报》 * |
| 张伟锋等: "硅和铬(Ⅲ)对水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 ", 《仲恺农业技术学院学报》 * |
| 曹仁林等: "不同改良剂抑制水稻吸收镉的研究――在酸性土壤上 ", 《农业环境科学学报》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114031461A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-02-11 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Organic silicon fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114031461B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-07-14 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Organic silicon fertilizer for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice, and preparation method and application thereof |
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