CN103495602B - Method for restoring hexavalent chromium-polluted soil by utilizing microbial fermentation - Google Patents
Method for restoring hexavalent chromium-polluted soil by utilizing microbial fermentation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy-metal pollution restoration of soil and particularly relates to a method for restoring soil chromium-polluted soil. According to the main principle of the method, sludge, straws, the chromium-polluted soil and composite strains BYM (Bacterial Enzyme) are mixed and fermented and biological enzyme, organic sugar, and other substances which are generated in a microbial fermentation process are used for reducing hexavalent chrome contained in soil into trivalent chromium; and then chromium pollutants contained in the soil are thoroughly removed by planting a chromium hyperaccumulator. Compared with the prior art, the method disclosed by the invention belongs to an in-situ restoration technology, has the advantages of small investment, low operation cost and minimal environmental disturbance, can improve the hardening degree of the soil, enhance the loose degree of the soil and increase the content of organic matters contained in the soil and is favorable to the plant growth of the restored soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to heavy metal pollution of soil recovery technique field, be specifically related to a kind of restorative procedure of chromium-polluted soil.
Background technology
Along with industrialized propelling, the environmental problem produced in process of economic development causes the concern of people gradually, and in the last few years, the heavy metal pollution of air, water, soil environment and improvement, reparation problem had become the focus that people pay close attention to gradually.Wherein, because pollutant in soil complicated component, intractability are large, high in cost of production problem, it is focus and the difficult point of current heavy metal pollution repairing research that heavy metal pollution of soil is administered with repairing.
Heavy metal pollution of soil refers to that the heavy metal that causes due to the naturally movable or mankind's activity cumulant in soil is apparently higher than Environmental Background Values of Soils, and causes soil environment quality to decline and the phenomenon of farmland ecological environment deterioration.Cause the heavy metal of soil pollution mainly to comprise Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb etc., have the pollution that single heavy metal is formed, also have the combined pollution that a few heavy metal species is formed.Heavy metal pollution comparatively common in environment mainly combined pollution.
Pollution of chromium is one comparatively common in heavy metal pollution.Chromium is present in natural environment with stable trivalent and sexavalence two kinds of valence states usually, and in soil, Cr VI is usually with CrO
4 2-and Cr
2o
7 2-form exists, and has higher activity, to be difficult to adsorb by soil colloid, therefore stronger toxic action is produced to biology; And trivalent chromium is mainly with Cr (H
2o)
6 3+, Cr (OH)
2 +exist etc. form, activity is lower, is very easily adsorbed by soil colloid and forms precipitation, relatively little to the toxicity of biology.
Chromium migration and conversion in the environment enlivens very much, can at air, water body, move between soil and biology.Chromium in soil mainly contains three sources, i.e. agricultural, the irrigation of high concentration chrome wastewater of sludge from wastewater treatment plant, chromium residue are stored up and containing the sedimentation etc. of chromium grit.In the pollution of chromium in these three kinds sources, the pollution of chromium that current China is subject to mainly comes from chromium residue and stores up place.
After soil is subject to pollution of chromium, can cause soil degradation, crop production reduction, not even a blade of grass grows for severe patient, loses ecological functions.Therefore, must the soil being subject to pollution of chromium be repaired.
At present, for Chromium in Soil pollute restorative procedure be mainly divided into tradition repair and biological prosthetic.Traditional restorative procedure is physics, chemical method mainly, mainly contains soil moved in improve the original method, Chemical cleaning, electronation and electro reclamation etc.But owing to being contained a large amount of noxious material Cr VIs by chromium slag contaminated soil, Cr VI is soluble in water, permeability is strong, and containing a large amount of weeds withered tree, sandstone and house refuse etc. in soil, separating difficulty is large, processing cost is high, uses traditional restorative procedure to be difficult to reach the repairing effect of high efficiency, low energy consumption, low input.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the method providing the hexavalent chromium polluted soil of a kind of microorganism remediation.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
Utilize a method for the repairing hexavalent chromium polluted soil of fermentable, comprise the following steps:
(1) mud, stalk, chromium-polluted soil and composite bacteria BYM are mixed, the moisture content that can add the material that water makes to mix in mixed process remains on 35% ~ 60%;
Described mud is town domestic sewage treatment plant moisture content is the mud of 60% ~ 80%;
Described stalk is the agricultural crop straw after pulverizing, and is the mixture of a kind of in wheat stalk, maize straw, peanut straw, wood chip or sawdust or any several arbitrary proportion;
In the soil of described pollution of chromium, content of 6-valence Cr ions is 30 ~ 1000mg/kg;
Described composite bacteria BYM is from Japanese Pan Ya Co., Ltd.-society of the ferment bacterium world, and former bacterium is cultivated into expansion bacterium by 1 ﹕ 100 and uses;
(2) material original position step (1) mixed is heaped, and carries out aerobic fermentation, ferments 10 ~ 30 days, and period keeps material water ratio between 35% ~ 60%;
(3), when in detection soil, Cr VI is lower than 30mg/kg soil, microorganism remediation completes.
In step (1), each material in mass ratio, Wu Ni ﹕ Jie Gan ﹕ composite bacteria BYM ﹕ chromium-polluted soil=0.4 ~ 0.6 ﹕ 0.05 ~ 0.15 ﹕ 0.001 ~ 0.005 ﹕ 1.
It is 0.3 ~ 1m that step (2) situ heaps the degree of depth.
After in step (3), microorganism remediation completes, reclaim for the soil repaired, sowing chromium hyperaccumulative plant, as Festuca Arundinacea, Leersia Sw, dandelion etc., enrichment, removing Chromium in Soil pollutant.
The composite bacteria BYM that the present invention adds in mixing of materials process belongs to a kind of microbial composite bacteria kind, and be isolated 3 classes totally 23 kinds of beneficial bacteriums from micro-organisms agriculture fertilizer, this 3 class is bacterium, saccharomycete and der Pilz respectively.The breeding of this composite bacteria and metabolic capability are very strong, and it can produce the biology enzyme with reproducibility during the fermentation, thus hexavalent chrome reduction is become trivalent chromium; On the other hand, add the material of this composite bacteria during the fermentation, with other microorganism actings in conjunction in soil, by decomposing the organic matter in mud, stalk, produce a large amount of water soluble organic substances as macromolecular humus, small molecular organic acid, carbohydrate, amino acid etc., these water soluble organic substances not only can reduction of hexavalent chromium, and can complexing, chelating trivalent chromium, thus reduce biologically active and the toxicity of Chromium in Soil.
It should be noted that, soil remediation method provided by the present invention, for the soil remediation degree of depth be generally 0.3 ~ 1m, namely mixed material heap height at 0.3 ~ 1m; When contaminated depth of soil carries out in-situ immobilization more than 1m, need to carry out turning according to oxygen content in soil air and chromic degradation speed, with oxygen content in supplementary soil, meet the good oxygen demand of bacterial classification.
Through experimental check, soil after adopting chromium-polluted soil restorative procedure provided by the present invention to repair, content of 6-valence Cr ions is lower than 30mg/kg, even cannot detect, in the environmental quality second level standard value of satisfied " standard of soil environment quality " (revision) (GB 15618-2008) soil inorganic pollutant, agricultural land is about chromic standard-required.When after employing microorganism remediation, total chromium content in soil content is higher than 350mg/kg, phytoremediation technology can be taked further to reduce total chromium content in soil content, with agricultural land in the environmental quality second level standard value reaching " standard of soil environment quality " (revision) (GB 15618-2008) soil inorganic pollutant about the standard-required of total chromium, recover the agricultural functional of soil.
The present invention, compared to prior art, has that cost is low, in-situ immobilization, an advantage such as effective, is specially:
(1) relative to existing physics, chemical redemption, microorganism-phytoremediation process is simple, easy to operate, and investment and operating cost lower, and this kind of disturbance of repair mode to environment is minimum, can not bring secondary pollution, retains to greatest extent and recovered the ecological functions of soil;
(2) carrying out in microorganism remediation process to chromium-polluted soil, stalk in material and mud are all conducive to improving soil compaction situation, can effectively increase looseness of soil degree, be convenient to soil air circulation, be conducive to the growth and breeding of Soil Microorganism and plant;
(3) in mixed material in stalk and mud all containing a large amount of organic compositions, the nutriments such as a large amount of humus, protein, carbohydrate can be produced during the fermentation, improve the content of organic matter in soil, be conducive to the plant growth repairing rear soil; And with the addition of composite bacteria BYM in mixing of materials process, promote the propagation of edaphon, improve the quantity of Soil Microorganism, and then improve soil ecosystem.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the microorganism-plant restoration method process chart of chromium-polluted soil.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention will be further explained explanation.
embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the method for microorganism provided by the present invention-plant combined reparation chromium-polluted soil, comprises mixing of materials, fermentable and hexavalent chrome reduction is become three steps such as trivalent chromium, plants enriched removal trivalent chromium, and concrete explaination is as follows.
(1) mixing of materials
Contain hexavalent chromium polluted soil from by excavating 1000kg hexavalent chromium polluted soil, soil excavating depth is 0.3m.After excavation completes, sort out the stone in soil and other foreign material, after testing, in soil, content of 6-valence Cr ions is about 300mg/kg.
1000kg soil, 500kg mud, 50kg stalk are fully mixed by batch mixer, the composite bacteria BYM adding 5kg in mixed process expands bacterium.The present embodiment mud used is from the mud of city domestic sewage treatment plant, and its moisture content is about 80%; Stalk uses the wheat stalk after pulverizing, and the length after crushed stalk is between 5 ~ 20mm.After material fully mixes, present bulk.
(2) microorganism remediation (aerobic fermentation)
Mixed material is heaped in contaminated site original position.Because the soil excavating depth of the present embodiment is more shallow, bottom is subject to the soil of pollution of chromium in addition, in order to prevent the chromium pollutant of bottom on the impact of the present embodiment, is equipped with plastic foil impervious barrier in the bottom of mixed material.
Owing to the addition of a certain amount of mud and stalk in mixed material, it is highly 0.5m that the present embodiment situ is heaped.Namely the aerobic fermentation stage is entered after heap completes.
In the heap sweat of material, oxygen concentration in periodic detection content of 6-valence Cr ions, moisture content and soil air.Heaping in sweat at the present embodiment, for guaranteeing best repair effect, need guarantee that in soil air, oxygen content remains on 10%(volume ratio) more than; Suitable quantity of water is sprayed, to maintain the moisture content of mixed material between 35% ~ 60% every day in addition for heap collective.
After the fermentation of 7 days, the soil sample of Qu Dui collective different parts, detects content of 6-valence Cr ions wherein, and find the scope of content of 6-valence Cr ions at 0.5 ~ 4mg/kg, after 15 days, in soil, Cr VI cannot detect.
(3) soil is reclaimed
By the land smoothing of having repaired, second ploughing, sows tall fescue seed, after 3 days, has Some seeds to start to germinate, after 7 days, repairs place and all grow Festuca Arundinacea.Grow after 1 month, observe growth of Festuca elata all right.This phenomenon illustrates, after microorganism remediation, is subject to hexavalent chromium polluted soil and substantially recovers plant growth function.
Festuca Arundinacea, can trivalent chromium in comparatively effective Enriching soil as a kind of chromium hyperaccumulative plant, and when Festuca Arundinacea ground biomass is maximum, the plant overground part namely by gathering in the crops Festuca Arundinacea is assigned to the chromium pollutant thoroughly removed in soil.The Festuca Arundinacea being enriched with chromium pollutant of results then can carry out harmless treatment, to reduce the harm to environment further by means such as burning, bury.
In the present invention, the dosage of composite bacteria BYM determines according to the dosage of mud and stalk, and the growth and breeding that the organic matter in mud and stalk is bacterial classification provides nutrition, when mud and stalk dosage strengthen, and the corresponding increasing dosage of bacterial classification.Adopt the method for the microorganism identical with embodiment 1-plant combined reparation chromium-polluted soil, by adjusting dosage and adjustment fermentable repair time of mud, stalk and bacterial classification, through checking, time the highest can repairing hexavalent chromium content at the soil of 1000mg/kg.
It should be noted that, when Cr VI in soil be reduced into trivalent chromium and total chrome content lower than 350mg/kg time, do not need further phytoremediation just can meet standard limited value about agricultural land in " standard of soil environment quality " (revision) (GB 15618-2008); When total chromium content in soil content is on 350mg/kg, need after microorganism remediation completes to plant chromium hyperaccumulative plant with the trivalent chromium in absorption, conversion, Enriching soil, implement microorganism-plant combined reparation, realize the reduction of total chromium content in soil content, to reach the standard-required of the middle agricultural land of " standard of soil environment quality " (revision) (GB 15618-2008) about total chromium; When total chromium content in soil content is higher than 1000mg/kg, after microorganism remediation completes, use phytoremediation, reduce total chromium content in soil content, to reach industrial land in " standard of soil environment quality " (revision) (GB 15618-2008), commercial land about the standard limited value of total chromium, application targets different after meeting soil remediation.
Claims (3)
1. utilize a method for the repairing hexavalent chromium polluted soil of fermentable, comprise the following steps:
(1) mud, stalk, chromium-polluted soil and composite bacteria BYM are mixed, add water in mixed process and make the moisture content of material remain on 35% ~ 60%;
Described mud is town domestic sewage treatment plant moisture content is the mud of 80%;
Described stalk is the agricultural crop straw after pulverizing, and is the mixture of a kind of in wheat stalk, maize straw, peanut straw, wood chip or sawdust or any several arbitrary proportion;
In the soil of described pollution of chromium, content of 6-valence Cr ions is 30 ~ 1000mg/kg;
Described composite bacteria BYM is from Japanese Pan Ya Co., Ltd.-society of the ferment bacterium world, and former bacterium is cultivated into expansion bacterium by 1 ﹕ 100 and uses;
(2) material original position step (1) mixed is heaped, and carries out aerobic fermentation, ferments 10 ~ 30 days, and period keeps material water ratio between 35% ~ 60%;
(3), when in detection soil, Cr VI is lower than 30mg/kg soil, microorganism remediation completes;
In step (1), each material in mass ratio, Wu Ni ﹕ Jie Gan ﹕ composite bacteria BYM ﹕ chromium-polluted soil=0.4 ~ 0.6 ﹕ 0.05 ~ 0.15 ﹕ 0.001 ~ 0.005 ﹕ 1.
2. utilize the method for the repairing hexavalent chromium polluted soil of fermentable as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is 0.3 ~ 1m that step (2) situ heaps the degree of depth.
3. utilize the method for the repairing hexavalent chromium polluted soil of fermentable as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, after microorganism remediation completes in step (3), reclaim for the soil repaired, sowing chromium hyperaccumulative plant.
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