CN110122200B

CN110122200B - Method for improving degraded meadow steppe by adopting strip-shaped after-seeding mode

Info

Publication number: CN110122200B
Application number: CN201810107531.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯起; 刘蔚; 郭瑞; 贾冰; 陈丽娟; 郭小燕; 杨林山
Original assignee: Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS
Current assignee: Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS
Priority date: 2018-02-02
Filing date: 2018-02-02
Publication date: 2021-07-09
Anticipated expiration: 2038-02-02
Also published as: CN110122200A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of meadow steppe restoration, in particular to a method for improving a degraded meadow steppe in a strip-shaped reseeding mode, which comprises the steps of dividing a plurality of reseeding zones parallel to each other in a degraded meadow steppe area, enabling the width of a spacing zone between every two adjacent reseeding zones to be 10-30 meters, enabling the width of each reseeding zone to be 15-20 meters, paving fermented soil on the surfaces of the reseeding zones and the like. Compared with the prior art, the method for improving the degraded meadow steppe by adopting the strip-shaped after-sowing mode, which is provided by the invention, is characterized in that the fermented soil is paved on the after-sowing belt, the fermented soil is formed by mixing the soil removed from the seeds with other substances such as animal wastes and the like, and the high-quality fermented soil is adopted for planting, so that the germination rate and the tolerance of the seeds can be greatly improved, and the luxuriant of the plants after germination is also greatly improved.

Description

Method for improving degraded meadow steppe by adopting strip-shaped after-seeding mode

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of meadow steppe restoration, in particular to a method for improving degraded meadow steppes in a strip-shaped after-seeding mode.

Background

The ecological environment is the basis for human survival and sustainable development, and the protection of the ecological environment is a hot spot of great concern in all countries in the world. The grassland is an important component for constructing the ecological barrier and the basis for developing the animal husbandry, and the desertification of the grassland not only restricts the economic sustainable development of the animal husbandry, but also has great influence on the ecological environment of the grassland. The wetland in the arid region in the west of the grassland plays an extremely important role in maintaining the ecological system of northern Xinjiang, adjusting the climate of northern Xinjiang and conserving the water source of mountainous regions. Since survey data existed in the 80 th century, the natural grassland in the area degenerates to a certain degree, the reason for degeneration is found out, and a treatment method is explored, so that the method has extremely important significance for the sustainable and healthy development of the ecological environment and the animal husbandry.

Meadow steppes are a main type of grassland in the north of China, and are grassland vegetation consisting of perennial arid and broad-range arid grasses (bush grasses and rhizome grasses) as dominant species. The type is in a zone where the forest transits to the grassland, has obvious regional characteristics, is mainly distributed on the mountain land of great Khingan mountains, the high plain and the low hilly land of the west ridge and the east ridge, is the best grassland in northern pasturing areas such as inner Mongolia and the like, and is also an important ecological link connecting the northern forest and the grassland. The area of the whole country is about 6 hundred million mu, and accounts for 11.3 percent of the total area of the grassland. The meadow grassland belongs to semi-humid climate, the annual precipitation is more than 300 mm, the annual accumulated temperature is 1800-2000 ℃ at the temperature of more than or equal to 10 ℃, and the rainwater is moderate. The pasture grows luxuriantly, the height of a common grass group is 60-80 cm, and the coverage degree is 60-85%; the yield is high, the quality is good, green grass yield per mu is 225-400 kg, and high-quality forage grass accounts for 50-80%. The natural plant soil is mainly distributed at the lower part of a forest grassland zone in the northeast of the inner Mongolia, and in light black calcareous soil, black calcareous soil and meadow soil areas in the northeast of the inner Mongolia, widely and flatly alluvial plains, sloping fields, valley low lands and hilly lands. Is a main natural excellent lawn mowing field in China. The meadow grassland plants are rich in variety, and can reach more than 20 kinds per square meter, and the main grasses comprise Beggal gomphalia (Stipa Baicalensis), Leymustris (Leymuscchinensis), Fimbristylis petiolata (Calamagrostis epibeijerios) and the like; the miscellaneous grass is herba Filifolium Sibirici (Filifolium Sibiricum), Carex pelycoris (Carex peliformis), and herba Achilleae (Artemisia lactinata). Although the climate and soil conditions are not as good as those of the sparse grassland, the rain water still exists, and the temperature is higher. Therefore, under the condition of no artificial irrigation, various excellent pastures can be grown, and the pasture is a good natural grazing field and a good grass cutting field, is suitable for developing large livestock, is particularly suitable for cattle raising, and is an important grassland animal husbandry production base in China.

However, in recent years, due to continuous drought in climate and excessive grazing, desertification degradation of grassland in the core area of meadow steppe is becoming more and more serious, which endangers the production and life of people in pasture and the ecological safety of steppe, and at the same time, poses a certain threat to the ecological safety of northeast and northern China. The invention provides a scientific and reasonable improvement method for northern degenerated meadow steppes in a targeted manner, and aims to protect rich species resources of the meadow steppes, improve the meadow grass yield and the pasture quality as soon as possible and increase the livestock carrying capacity. The soil physical and chemical conditions are improved by shallow ploughing, the grassland ecosystem is promoted to enter virtuous cycle, and good conditions are created for the sustainable development of the animal husbandry.

In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for improving a degraded meadow steppe by adopting a strip-shaped reseeding mode, which can quickly repair the degraded meadow steppe and has high stability.

In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:

a method for improving degraded meadow steppes in a strip-shaped after-seeding mode comprises the following steps:

1) dividing a reseeding region;

dividing a plurality of complementary sowing belts which are parallel to each other in a degraded meadow grassland area, wherein the width of a spacer area between every two adjacent complementary sowing belts is 10-30 meters, and the width of each complementary sowing belt is 15-20 meters;

2) treating a reseeding zone;

laying fermented soil on the surface of the reseeding zone;

the fermentation soil raw material comprises the following components:

80-100 parts of bentonite, 2-5 parts of poultry feather, 3-5 parts of straw, 1-2 parts of wood chips, 2-4 parts of animal manure, 0.5-2 parts of zymocyte, 2-10 parts of humic acid, 2-7 parts of silicious petrochemical powder, 2-3 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 5-10 parts of bentonite and 0.05-0.5 part of granulating agent;

paving micro-seepage pipes in the fermented soil;

spraying an antibacterial liquid on the surface of the fermented soil, wherein the antibacterial liquid is a 0.3% di-tert-butyl-p-cresol solution;

3) improving vegetation;

selecting shrub seeds and herb seeds; sequentially carrying out ultrasonic treatment, traditional Chinese medicine slurry soaking treatment and tolerance treatment on shrub seeds and herb seeds;

uniformly spreading the treated shrub seeds and herb seeds on the surface of the fermentation soil;

4) improvement of biodiversity;

adding earthworm larvae and dung beetle larvae into the fermented soil;

then spraying mushroom mycelium liquid on the surface of the fermentation soil;

5) enclosing and cultivating in a fence;

and (4) performing fence enclosure cultivation on the improved degraded meadow steppe for at least 1 year, and forbidding grazing in the fence enclosure cultivation period.

Preferably, in the vegetation modification process:

the shrub seeds are one or more of the following plants:

salix psammophila, herba Selaginellae Doederleinii, Buxus Dayeensis, Aleurites fordii, pyracantha fortuneana, and Photinia serrulata;

the herbaceous seed is one or more of the following plants:

brome, Alkaloids, bluegrass, fescue, alfalfa and oat.

Preferably, in the step of treating the reseeding zone, the paving thickness of the fermented soil is 20-30 cm.

Preferably, in the reseeding zone processing step:

the preparation method of the fermented soil comprises the following steps:

mixing the soil, poultry feathers, straws, wood chips, animal wastes, zymophyte, humic acid, silicious petrochemical powder, urea and desulfurized gypsum according to parts to obtain mixed soil;

putting the mixed soil into a closed environment for fermentation at the fermentation temperature of 20-40 ℃ for 4-7 days to obtain primary fermented soil;

mixing the primary fermentation soil with bentonite and a granulating agent, and stirring to obtain stirred soil;

and (3) putting the stirred soil into a closed environment for secondary fermentation, wherein the fermentation temperature is 10-15 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days, so as to obtain the fermented soil.

Preferably, in the reseeding zone processing step:

the granulating agent is sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) succinate or liquid polyaluminium chloride.

Preferably, in the vegetation improvement step, the ultrasonic treatment comprises:

treating shrub seeds and herb seeds for 5-60 min by using an ultrasonic generating device with the working frequency of 60-65 kHz and the power of 200W;

the soaking treatment of the traditional Chinese medicine serous fluid comprises the following steps:

soaking shrub seeds and herb seeds subjected to ultrasonic treatment in reed rhizome slurry for 5-180 min;

the resistance treatment includes:

refrigerating shrub seeds and herb seeds soaked by the traditional Chinese medicine slurry for 1-2 days at 0-4 ℃, and then placing the shrub seeds and the herb seeds for 1-2 days at 35-45 ℃; repeating the above steps for 3-4 times.

Preferably, in the vegetation improvement step, the ultrasonic treatment further includes:

the method comprises the steps of treating shrub seeds and herb seeds with an ultrasonic generator, and irradiating the shrub seeds and the herb seeds with far infrared light.

Preferably, in the vegetation improvement step:

the wavelength of the far infrared light is 155-395 micrometers.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:

6) spacer processing

And a trench which is arranged in parallel with the reseeding zone is dug in the interval zone, the width of the trench is 1-2 m, and the depth of the trench is 20-30 cm.

Preferably, in the reseeding zone processing and spacing zone processing step:

a plurality of hot rods are buried in the trench and the fermentation soil.

Compared with the prior art, the method for improving the degraded meadow steppe by adopting the strip-shaped after-seeding mode has the following advantages:

1. according to the scheme, the fermented soil is paved on the reseeding belt, the fermented soil is formed by mixing the foreign soil with other substances such as animal wastes, and the like, and is planted by adopting the high-quality fermented soil, so that the germination rate and the tolerance of seeds can be improved to a great extent, and the luxuriant degree of plants after germination is also greatly improved.

2. According to the scheme, the hot rod is embedded in the fermentation soil, so that the biological activity of microorganisms in the fermentation soil and the biological activity of plant roots planted in the later period are improved.

3. According to the scheme, a certain amount of earthworm larvae and dung beetle larvae are added into soil, and mushroom mycelium liquid is sprayed, so that the biological diversity of the ecological grassland is improved.

4. The invention adopts the step-type soil arrangement, the fermented soil of the reseeding zone is positioned at the highest layer, the trench is arranged in the interval zone as the bottommost layer, then the water in the soil is continuously leaked into the soil through the micro-seepage water pipe in the fermented soil, so that the water in the soil is kept in a very saturated state, even the water overflows from the fermented soil to the reseeding zone at the lower layer, and because the nutrients in the fermented soil can be taken away by the water overflowing water, the method is equivalent to continuously conveying the nutrient substances from the reseeding zone to the interval zone. In order to avoid the nutrients from being washed out, a trench is arranged in the interval area, so that the water can be discharged in the rainstorm or flood season, and the washing of the nutrients in the soil by the rainstorm or flood is reduced.

5. The scheme adopts a strip-shaped reseeding mode, can reduce the improvement cost, and drives the improvement of the spacer area through the improvement of the reseeding strip.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements.

Example 1

In a certain experimental meadow grassland area, the area is 20 mu; the improvement is carried out according to the following modes:

dividing a reseeding region;

dividing mutually parallel reseeding zones in an experimental meadow steppe region, wherein the width of a spacer between every two adjacent reseeding zones is 20 meters, and the width of each reseeding zone is 20 meters;

2) reseeding zone treatment

Laying fermented soil on the surface of the reseeding zone;

the fermentation soil raw material comprises the following components:

90 parts of soil, 5 parts of poultry feather, 3 parts of straw, 1 part of wood chip, 2 parts of animal waste, 1 part of zymocyte, 5 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of silicious petrochemical powder, 3 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 5 parts of bentonite and 0.1 part of granulating agent;

paving micro-seepage pipes in the fermented soil;

spraying antibacterial liquid on the surface of the fermented soil, wherein the antibacterial liquid is 0.3% of ditert-butyl-p-cresol solution;

the preparation process of the fermented soil comprises the following steps: mixing the soil, poultry feathers, straws, wood chips, animal wastes, zymophyte, humic acid, silicious petrochemical powder, urea and desulfurized gypsum according to parts to obtain mixed soil;

putting the mixed soil into a closed environment for fermentation at the fermentation temperature of 30 ℃ for 5 days to obtain primary fermented soil;

and putting the stirred soil into a closed environment for secondary fermentation at the fermentation temperature of 12 ℃ for 12 days to obtain the fermented soil.

The thickness of the fermented soil is 25 cm.

A plurality of hot rods are embedded in the fermentation soil.

3) Vegetation improvement

the shrub seed is one or more of the following plants:

the herb seed is one or more of the following plants:

brome, Alkaloids, bluegrass, fescue, medicago falcata, oat, cotton, corn.

Wherein the ultrasonic treatment comprises:

processing shrub seeds and herb seeds for 30min by using an ultrasonic generating device with the working frequency of 60kHz and the power of 200W;

the method comprises the steps of treating shrub seeds and herb seeds with an ultrasonic generator, and irradiating the shrub seeds and the herb seeds with far infrared light. The wavelength of the far infrared light is 155 to 395 μm.

soaking the shrub seeds and the herb seeds subjected to ultrasonic treatment in reed rhizome slurry for 90 min;

the tolerance treatment includes:

cold-storing the shrub seeds and the herb seeds soaked by the traditional Chinese medicine serous fluid at 4 ℃ for 1 day, and then placing the shrub seeds and the herb seeds at 40 ℃ for 1 day; this was repeated 3 times.

4) Improvement of biodiversity

Adding earthworm larvae and dung beetle larvae into the fermented soil;

then spraying mushroom mycelium liquid on the surface of the fermentation soil;

5) enclosure for cultivation by enclosure

6) Spacer processing

And ditches which are arranged in parallel in the reseeding belt are dug in the interval area, the width of each ditch is 2m, and the depth of each ditch is 30 cm.

A plurality of hot rods are embedded in the trench.

The degradation condition of the area of the first-year after the experimental meadow grassland area is improved in the mode disappears, and the degradation phenomenon of the interval area is not relieved;

the reseeding zone is restored to the normal ecological grassland scene in the next year, and the degradation degree of the spacer region begins to be reduced.

In the fifth year, the reseeding zone and the spacer zone are restored to normal ecological grassland scenes.

Experimental example 1 fermentation soil experiment

Soil 1: experimental meadow grassland inner original soil;

soil 2: mixing 90 parts of soil, 5 parts of poultry feather, 3 parts of straw, 1 part of wood chips, 2 parts of animal waste, 1 part of zymocyte, 5 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of silicious petrochemical powder, 3 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 5 parts of bentonite and 0.1 part of granulating agent to obtain mixed soil;

and (3) soil: preparing 80 parts of extra soil, 2 parts of poultry feather, 5 parts of straw, 2 parts of wood chips, 4 parts of animal waste, 2 parts of zymophyte, 2 parts of humic acid, 7 parts of silicious petrochemical powder, 2 parts of urea and 1 part of desulfurized gypsum into primary fermentation soil in the manner of example 1;

soil 4: preparing 90 parts of soil, 5 parts of poultry feather, 3 parts of straw, 1 part of wood chips, 2 parts of animal waste, 1 part of zymocyte, 5 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of silicious petrochemical powder, 3 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 5 parts of bentonite and 0.1 part of granulating agent according to the method in the embodiment 1 to obtain the stirred soil;

and (5) soil: preparing 90 parts of soil, 5 parts of poultry feather, 3 parts of straw, 1 part of wood chips, 2 parts of animal waste, 1 part of zymophyte, 5 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of silicious petrochemical powder, 3 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 5 parts of bentonite and 0.1 part of granulating agent according to the method in the embodiment 1 to obtain the fermented soil;

planting wheat seeds in the soil 1-5 under the same conditions; the index coefficients for measuring soil 1-5 are as follows:

as can be seen from the above table, the soil after the bentonite and the granulating agent are added and subjected to secondary fermentation has larger porosity and large aggregate content; firstly, the macro aggregates help to preserve the nutrients, so that the more the content of the macro aggregates is, the more the nutrients can be stored; secondly, the larger the porosity, the better the gas exchange between the soil and the air, thus improving the germination rate and survival rate of the seeds.

In the invention, the granulating agent is sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) succinate or liquid polyaluminium chloride.

Experimental example 2 bacteriostatic experiment

4 media 1: beef extract peptone medium;

4 media 2: spraying 0.2% ditert-butyl-p-cresol solution into the beef extract peptone culture medium;

4 media 3: spraying 0.3% ditert-butyl-p-cresol solution into the beef extract peptone culture medium;

4 culture media 4: spraying 0.4% ditert-butyl-p-cresol solution into the beef extract peptone culture medium;

bacterial liquid a: nitrifying bacteria liquid

Bacterial liquid b: denitrifying bacteria liquid

Bacterial liquid c: azotobacterium liquid

Bacterial liquid d: nitrifying bacteria liquid, denitrifying bacteria liquid and nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid

Respectively putting the bacterial liquids a, b, c and d into 4 culture media 1; respectively putting the bacterial liquids a, b, c and d into 4 culture media 2; respectively putting the bacterial liquids a, b, c and d into 4 culture media 3; respectively putting the bacterial liquids a, b, c and d into 4 culture media 4; a total of 16 media were obtained and colonies were observed and the number of colonies larger than 2mm in diameter was counted.

As can be seen from the table above, the 0.3% concentration of di-tert-butyl-p-cresol solution can inhibit the amount and activity of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria; the activity of other strains is reduced due to the fact that the concentration of the ditert-butyl-p-cresol solution is too high; if the concentration of the di-tert-butyl-p-cresol solution is too low, a too good inhibition effect cannot be achieved.

Experimental example 3 Vegetation treatment experiment

Selecting photinia serrulata seeds and cotton seeds to perform a treatment experiment;

treatment method 1: only carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the photinia fraseri seeds and the cotton seeds;

treatment method 2: only soaking the photinia fraseri seeds and the cotton seeds with traditional Chinese medicine serous fluid;

treatment method 3: only the photinia serrulata seeds and the cotton seeds are subjected to tolerance treatment;

treatment mode 4: only carrying out far infrared light irradiation treatment on the photinia fraseri seeds and the cotton seeds;

treatment method 5: sequentially carrying out ultrasonic treatment, traditional Chinese medicine slurry soaking treatment and tolerance treatment on the photinia seed and the cotton seed;

treatment method 6: sequentially carrying out ultrasonic treatment, traditional Chinese medicine slurry soaking treatment, tolerance treatment and far infrared light treatment on the photinia seed and the cotton seed;

treatment method 7: carrying out far infrared light treatment, ultrasonic treatment, traditional Chinese medicine slurry soaking treatment and tolerance treatment on the photinia seed and the cotton seed in sequence;

treatment method 8: sequentially carrying out ultrasonic treatment, traditional Chinese medicine slurry soaking treatment and tolerance treatment on the photinia seed and the cotton seed, and carrying out far infrared light treatment while carrying out ultrasonic treatment;

wherein the ultrasonic treatment comprises the following steps: processing for 60min by using an ultrasonic generator with working frequency of 65kHz and power of 200W;

the soaking treatment of the traditional Chinese medicine serous fluid comprises the following steps: soaking in rhizoma Phragmitis slurry for 90 min;

the tolerance treatment is as follows: refrigerating at 4 deg.C for 1 day, and standing at 40 deg.C for 1 day; repeating the steps for 3 times;

the far infrared light treatment comprises the following steps: irradiating with far infrared light with wavelength of 200 μm for 60 min.

The photinia fraseri seeds and the cotton seeds are respectively treated according to the method and then planted for 6 months under the same condition, and the indexes of the seeds are as follows:

as can be seen from the above table, after the photinia fraseri seeds and the cotton seeds are processed by the processing mode 8, the germination rate, the survival rate, the germination days and the growth height are all better than those of other processing modes;

experimental example 4 treatment experiment of Chinese medicinal slurry

Selecting pittosporum tobira seeds to carry out traditional Chinese medicine slurry treatment.

Treatment method 1: soaking with clear water;

treatment method 2: soaking with rhizoma Phragmitis slurry for 90 min;

treatment method 3: soaking in rhizoma Phragmitis slurry for 90min after ultrasonic treatment;

treatment mode 4: treating with ultrasonic waves only;

the ultrasonic treatment was conducted in accordance with example 4.

The pittosporum tobira seeds are respectively treated according to the method and cultured for 6 months under the same condition, and the indexes of the seeds are as follows:

as can be seen from the table above, only ultrasonic treatment can significantly reduce the germination days of the seeds; but will reduce the survival rate of the seeds to some extent; the survival rate of the seeds can be improved only by treating the reed rhizome slurry, but the survival rate has no great influence on the germination days, the growth height and the germination rate; when the two are treated together, the germination days can be reduced, and the germination rate, the survival rate and the growth height can be improved.

The inventor finds that the traditional Chinese medicine serous fluid has a certain repairing effect on the seeds and can repair the damage of the seeds in the ultrasonic treatment process.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving degraded meadow steppes in a strip-shaped after-seeding mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) dividing a reseeding region; dividing a plurality of complementary sowing belts which are parallel to each other in a degraded meadow grassland area, wherein the width of a spacer area between every two adjacent complementary sowing belts is 10-30 meters, and the width of each complementary sowing belt is 15-20 meters;

2) treating a reseeding zone; laying fermented soil on the surface of the reseeding zone; the fermentation soil raw material comprises the following components: 80-100 parts of bentonite, 2-5 parts of poultry feather, 3-5 parts of straw, 1-2 parts of wood chips, 2-4 parts of animal manure, 0.5-2 parts of zymocyte, 2-10 parts of humic acid, 2-7 parts of silicious petrochemical powder, 2-3 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 5-10 parts of bentonite and 0.05-0.5 part of granulating agent; paving micro-seepage pipes in the fermented soil; spraying an antibacterial liquid on the surface of the fermented soil, wherein the antibacterial liquid is a 0.3% di-tert-butyl-p-cresol solution;

3) improving vegetation; selecting shrub seeds and herb seeds; sequentially carrying out ultrasonic treatment, traditional Chinese medicine slurry soaking treatment and tolerance treatment on shrub seeds and herb seeds; uniformly spreading the treated shrub seeds and herb seeds on the surface of the fermentation soil; in the vegetation improvement step, the ultrasonic treatment comprises: treating shrub seeds and herb seeds for 5-60 min by using an ultrasonic generating device with the working frequency of 60-65 kHz and the power of 200W; the soaking treatment of the traditional Chinese medicine serous fluid comprises the following steps: soaking shrub seeds and herb seeds subjected to ultrasonic treatment in reed rhizome slurry for 5-180 min; the resistance treatment includes: refrigerating shrub seeds and herb seeds soaked by the traditional Chinese medicine slurry for 1-2 days at 0-4 ℃, and then placing the shrub seeds and the herb seeds for 1-2 days at 35-45 ℃; repeating the above steps for 3-4 times;

4) improvement of biodiversity; adding earthworm larvae and dung beetle larvae into the fermented soil; then spraying mushroom mycelium liquid on the surface of the fermentation soil;

5) enclosing and cultivating in a fence; and (4) performing fence enclosure cultivation on the improved degraded meadow steppe for at least 1 year, and forbidding grazing in the fence enclosure cultivation period.

2. The method for improving degraded meadow steppes by strip-shaped reseeding according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the vegetation improvement process: the shrub seeds are one or more of the following plants: salix psammophila, herba Selaginellae Doederleinii, Buxus Dayeensis, Aleurites fordii, pyracantha fortuneana, and Photinia serrulata; the herbaceous seed is one or more of the following plants: brome, Alkaloids, bluegrass, fescue, alfalfa and oat.

3. The method for improving the degraded meadow steppe by the strip-shaped after-seeding method according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the fermented soil laid in the step of the after-seeding treatment is 20-30 cm.

4. The method for improving the degraded meadow steppe by the strip-shaped reseeding method in the claim 3, wherein in the reseeding strip processing step: the preparation method of the fermented soil comprises the following steps: mixing the soil, poultry feathers, straws, wood chips, animal wastes, zymophyte, humic acid, silicious petrochemical powder, urea and desulfurized gypsum according to parts to obtain mixed soil; putting the mixed soil into a closed environment for fermentation at the fermentation temperature of 20-40 ℃ for 4-7 days to obtain primary fermented soil; mixing the primary fermentation soil with bentonite and a granulating agent, and stirring to obtain stirred soil; and (3) putting the stirred soil into a closed environment for secondary fermentation, wherein the fermentation temperature is 10-15 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days, so as to obtain the fermented soil.

5. The method for improving the degraded meadow steppe by the strip-shaped reseeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that in the reseeding strip processing step: the granulating agent is sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) succinate or liquid polyaluminium chloride.

6. The method for improving degraded meadow steppes by strip reseeding according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic treatment further comprises, in the vegetation improvement step: the method comprises the steps of treating shrub seeds and herb seeds with an ultrasonic generator, and irradiating the shrub seeds and the herb seeds with far infrared light.

7. The method for improving degraded meadow steppes by strip-shaped reseeding according to claim 6, characterized in that in the vegetation improvement step: the wavelength of the far infrared light is 155-395 micrometers.

8. The method for improving degraded meadow steppes by strip reseeding according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: 6) The interval area is used for processing a trench dug in the interval area and arranged in parallel with the reseeding zone, the width of the trench is 1-2 m, and the depth of the trench is 20-30 cm.

9. The method for improving the degraded meadow steppe by the strip-shaped reseeding method as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the step of reseeding strip processing and interval zone processing: a plurality of hot rods are buried in the trench and the fermentation soil.