CN110122201B

CN110122201B - Alpine mountain grassland protection method capable of adapting to climate change

Info

Publication number: CN110122201B
Application number: CN201810107998.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯起; 郭瑞; 贾冰; 杨林山; 张成琦
Original assignee: Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS
Current assignee: Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS
Priority date: 2018-02-02
Filing date: 2018-02-02
Publication date: 2021-08-24
Anticipated expiration: 2038-02-02
Also published as: CN110122201A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of grassland ecological restoration, in particular to a alpine mountain grassland protection method capable of adapting to climate change. According to the invention, the original soil is removed, the original soil and other substances such as animal wastes are mixed to form high-quality fermented soil, and the high-quality fermented soil is adopted for planting, so that the germination rate and tolerance of seeds can be improved to a great extent, and the luxuriant degree of plants after germination is also greatly improved.

Description

Alpine mountain grassland protection method capable of adapting to climate change

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of grassland ecological restoration, in particular to a method for protecting a grassland in a high and cold mountain area, which can adapt to climate change.

Background

The ecological environment is the basis for human survival and sustainable development, and the protection of the ecological environment is a hot spot of great concern in all countries in the world. The grassland is an important component for constructing the ecological barrier and the basis for developing the animal husbandry, and the desertification of the grassland not only restricts the economic sustainable development of the animal husbandry, but also has great influence on the ecological environment of the grassland. Since the 80 s of the last century research data, natural grassland in many areas of China is degenerated to a certain degree, the reason for degeneration is found out, and a treatment method is explored, so that the method has extremely important significance for the sustainable and healthy development of ecological environment and animal husbandry.

The northern Tibet area is a main pasturing area of the autonomous Tibet area and is also an area where pasturing resources of the autonomous Tibet area are intensively configured, the grassland area accounts for more than 80% of the grassland area of the northern Tibet area, and the livestock breeding amount accounts for about 60% of the total Tibet area. However, the northern Tibetan region is the most vulnerable region of the Tibetan ecology, is limited by climatic conditions, is mainly limited by hydrothermal conditions, is slow in vegetation growth, is serious in dry season wind and rat damage, and is unreasonable in grazing, has serious grassland degeneration phenomena in the northern Tibetan region, has degeneration of over 40 percent of grasslands in different degrees, and has a trend of obviously converting to moderate or severe degeneration although most of grasslands are slightly degenerated. If the deteriorated area of the grassland is not controlled in time, the deteriorated grassland is recovered, and the natural grassland is protected, the productivity of the grassland is reduced, the development of local animal husbandry is influenced, the desertification of the soil is caused, the ecological environment is worsened, and the survival of wild animals and the protection of the three river sources are not facilitated.

The main risks of climate change in the area are that glacier melt water is increased, the surface of an inland lake rises, and partial grassland is submerged, and the trend of temperature rise and drying of most grassland is aggravated. The former researches on the grassland restoration technology rarely consider the climate change factors, and a new technology how to utilize local heat and water resources to restore and improve the productivity of grasslands under the current and future climate change conditions needs to be explored, so that not only the original vegetation coverage needs to be restored, but also the requirements of raising livestock on the pasture grass need to be met. There is also an urgent need for new technologies to accommodate climate change in the Qinghai and other alpine grassland areas of Tibet where there are similar problems.

In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for protecting grassland in alpine mountainous regions, which can recover and improve the original vegetation coverage of the grassland and can meet the requirements of raising livestock on pasture.

In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:

a alpine mountain grassland protection method capable of adapting to climate change comprises the following steps:

1) removing original soil;

removing original soil of plateau mountain grassland, wherein the removal depth is 40-50 cm;

2) treating raw soil;

mixing the removed raw soil with animal wastes, straws, wood chips, biomass combustion residues, humic acid, composite bacteria and clay soil, and fermenting the mixed soil to obtain fermented soil;

3) constructing a soil layer;

paving a gravel layer, a soil dressing layer, a lower nutrition layer, a arbor layer, an upper nutrition layer, a fermentation soil layer and an anti-freezing layer in sequence from bottom to top on the alpine mountain grassland with the original soil removed;

4) digging and building a ground well;

digging a ground well on the grassland after the soil layer is constructed, wherein the ground well is dug to a density of 10-15 per mu, and the ground well is dug to a depth of a gravel layer;

5) selecting seeds of plants;

selecting shrub seeds and arbor seeds with strong stress resistance and low temperature resistance as tree seeds of grassland in alpine mountainous regions, and respectively and sequentially carrying out low-temperature treatment, illumination treatment, soaking treatment, low-oxygen treatment and high-temperature treatment on the selected seeds;

6) cultivating plants;

dividing the alpine mountain grassland into a plurality of square areas of 15m by 15m, wherein the interval between every two adjacent square areas is 1.5 m;

planting arbor seeds at the edges of the square areas; planting a plurality of drainage and irrigation wood seeds in the square area; herbaceous plants are planted in the middle area of each row of adjacent shrub seeds.

Preferably, in the soil layer constructing step, the anti-freezing layer is composed of the following raw materials:

1-3 parts of water-retention antifreezing agent, 1-3 parts of thickening agent, 2-4 parts of emulsifier, 5-10 parts of vaseline, 8-20 parts of nutrient, 3-5 parts of penetrating agent, 2-6 parts of rare earth element and 10-20 parts of feldspar powder.

Preferably, in the plant selection step:

the low-temperature treatment is to place the seeds for 5 days at the temperature of between 15 ℃ below zero and 5 ℃ below zero;

the illumination treatment is to irradiate the seeds for 12 hours under the condition of 10000-60000 lx;

the soaking treatment is to soak the seeds in clear water for 4 hours;

the low-oxygen treatment is to place the seeds for 10 days under the condition of 40-60% of oxygen content in air;

the high-temperature treatment is to place the seeds in soil at 40-50 ℃ for 2 days.

Preferably, in the raw soil treatment step, the complex bacteria at least comprise the following strains:

bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bn 21, Lactobacillus plantarum Bn 23, Streptococcus faecalis, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Trichoderma, yeast, azotobacter, Bacillus megaterium and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

Preferably, in the soil layer constructing step:

the arbor layer is laid for a plurality of arbor boards are parallel, and the distance is no longer than 5 meters between the adjacent arbor board the arbor board surface coating mushroom hypha.

Preferably, a plurality of heat bars are laid in the crushed stone layer and the arbor layer.

Preferably, the moisture of the alien soil in the alien soil layer is more than 80%, the pH value is between 6.7 and 7, and the content of microorganisms is more than 10⁸Per gram, the content of macro aggregates is more than 20 percent, and the porosity of the soil is between 40 and 50 percent.

Preferably, in the soil layer constructing step:

the thickness of the fermentation soil layer is 40-60 cm.

Preferably, in the plant cultivation step:

digging trenches in the interval areas of the adjacent square areas, wherein the depth of each trench is 10-15 cm; planting herbaceous plants on two sides of the trench; planting the shrub seeds in the trench.

Preferably, in the soil layer constructing step:

the lower nutritional layer comprises the following ingredients:

20-30 parts of urea, 1-5 parts of adsorbent, 1-5 parts of stabilizer, 5-8 parts of water-retaining agent, 3-5 parts of microbial agent, 10-20 parts of sugarcane powder fermentation liquor, 10-20 parts of corncob powder fermentation liquor and 10-20 parts of excrement fermentation liquor;

the upper nutritional layer comprises the following ingredients:

50-80 parts of straw, 3-6 parts of a decomposition agent, 5-10 parts of wood chips, 3-5 parts of a microbial agent, 10-20 parts of sugarcane powder fermentation liquor, 10-20 parts of corncob powder fermentation liquor and 10-20 parts of excrement fermentation liquor.

Compared with the prior art, the alpine mountain grassland protection method capable of adapting to climate change provided by the invention has the following advantages:

1. according to the scheme, the original soil is removed, the original soil and other substances such as animal wastes are mixed to form the high-quality fermented soil, and the high-quality fermented soil is adopted for planting, so that the germination rate and the tolerance of seeds can be improved to a great extent, and the luxuriant degree of the germinated plants is also greatly improved.

2. According to the scheme, a plurality of ground wells with the depth reaching the gravel layer are dug after the soil layer is constructed, so that a large amount of accumulated surface water can be directly discharged into the gravel layer during the period of snowing in plateau mountain areas or in the rainstorm season; the gravel layer is composed of gravels with different diameters and has larger pores, so that water discharged into the gravel layer can quickly enter the soil layer below the gravel layer; therefore, snow water or rainwater can be directly drained away, so that the soil layer can be prevented from being washed away, and the loss of nutrient substances is reduced.

3. The shrub seeds and arbor seeds selected by the scheme are subjected to low-temperature treatment, illumination treatment, soaking treatment, low-oxygen treatment and high-temperature treatment, and the main purpose is to improve the tolerance of the seeds in different environments and ensure the survival probability of the seeds in later severe environments.

4. According to the scheme, the alpine mountain grassland is divided into a plurality of square areas of 15m by 15m, and the interval between adjacent square areas is 1.5 m; planting arbor seeds at the edges of the square areas; planting a plurality of drainage and irrigation wood seeds in the square area; herbaceous plants are planted in the middle area of each row of adjacent shrub seeds.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements.

5 test grasslands with basically the same growth vigor, land type and altitude are selected from the Qiangtang big grassland in the North Tibet of Tibet and are respectively named as a test grassland a, a test grassland b, a test grassland c, a test grassland d and a test grassland e.

Example 1

Firstly, removing original soil in the experimental grassland a to a removal depth of 40 cm.

Secondly, mixing the removed raw soil with animal wastes, straws, wood chips, biomass combustion residues, humic acid, compound bacteria and clay soil according to the following parts: 100 parts of raw soil, 5 parts of animal manure, 5 parts of straw, 3 parts of wood chips, 10 parts of biomass combustion residues, 1 part of humic acid, 0.5 part of composite bacteria and 15 parts of clay soil; and putting the mixed soil into a closed environment for fermentation for 5 days to obtain fermented soil.

Wherein, the compound bacteria comprise the following strains: bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bn 21, Lactobacillus plantarum Bn 23, Streptococcus faecalis, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Trichoderma, yeast, azotobacter, Bacillus megaterium and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

Thirdly, paving a rubble layer, a passenger soil layer, a lower nutrition layer, a arbor layer, an upper nutrition layer, a fermentation soil layer and an anti-freezing layer on the experimental grassland a with the original soil removed from the bottom to the top;

the thickness of the gravel layer is 10cm, the thickness of the guest soil layer is 5cm, the thickness of the arbor layer is 10cm, the thickness of the upper nutrition layer is 5cm, and the thickness of the fermentation soil layer is 50 cm.

The soil of the guest soil layer has the humidity of more than 80%, the PH of between 6.7 and 7 and the microbial content of more than 10⁸Per gram, the content of large aggregates is more than 20 percent, and the porosity of the soil is between 40 and 50 percent.

The arbor layer is laid for a plurality of arbor boards parallel, and the distance between adjacent arbor boards is 4.5 meters, coats mushroom hypha on arbor board surface.

The laying mode of the lower nutrition layer is as follows: mixing 25 parts of urea, 3 parts of adsorbent, 2 parts of stabilizer, 4 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of microbial agent, 15 parts of sugarcane powder fermentation liquor, 15 parts of corncob powder fermentation liquor and 15 parts of excrement fermentation liquor to obtain lower nutrient solution, and spraying the lower nutrient solution on a guest soil layer to form a lower nutrient layer.

The laying mode of the upper nutrition layer is as follows: laying 80 parts of straws on the arbor layer; then 4 parts of decomposition agent, 8 parts of wood chips, 3 parts of microbial agent, 10 parts of sugarcane powder fermentation liquor, 10 parts of corncob powder fermentation liquor and 15 parts of excrement fermentation liquor are mixed and sprayed on the arbor layer to obtain an upper nutrition layer.

The laying mode of the anti-freezing layer is as follows: mixing 2 parts of water-retaining antifreezing agent, 1 part of thickening agent, 3 parts of emulsifying agent, 8 parts of vaseline, 15 parts of nutrient, 4 parts of penetrating agent, 5 parts of rare earth element and 15 parts of feldspar powder to obtain an antifreezing solution, and spraying the antifreezing solution on the surface of the fermented soil to obtain an antifreezing layer.

And fourthly, digging a ground well on the experimental grassland a after the soil layer is constructed, wherein the ground well is dug to the density of 12/mu, and the depth is dug to a gravel layer.

And laying hot rods in the crushed stone layer and the arbor layer.

Fifthly, selecting strong stress resistance and low temperature resistance shrub seeds and arbor seeds as the seeds of the alpine mountain grassland, and respectively and sequentially carrying out the following treatments on the selected seeds:

standing the seeds at-10 deg.C for 5 days;

irradiating seeds for 12 hours under the condition of 8000 lx;

soaking the seeds in clear water for 4 hours;

placing the seeds under the condition of 50% of oxygen content in air for 10 days;

placing the seeds in 45-degree soil for 2 days;

the plant seeds that can germinate are selected under a microscope.

Sixthly, dividing the experimental grassland a into a plurality of square areas of 15m by 15m, wherein the interval between every two adjacent square areas is 1.5 m;

planting arbor seeds at the edges of the square areas; planting 3 rows of shrub seeds in the square area; herbaceous plants are planted in the middle area of each row of adjacent shrub seeds.

Digging a trench in the interval area of the adjacent square areas, wherein the depth of the trench is 15 cm; planting herbaceous plants on two sides of the trench; planting shrub seeds in the trench.

After the test grassland a is improved for half a year, most of the seeds planted on the grassland germinate and grow well.

After the experimental grassland a is improved for one year, the growth vigor of herbaceous plants is very flourishing, and compared with the peripheral non-improved grassland, the flourishing degree and the coverage rate of the herbaceous plants on the experimental grassland a are higher than those of the peripheral grassland.

After the experimental grassland a is improved for two years, all plants on the experimental grassland a are formed, and all the plants are subjected to degradation signs under the conditions of strong wind, strong rain, snow melting, high temperature, insect damage, low temperature, drought and the like, so that the experimental grassland a has good adaptability and can resist the change of various climatic environments.

In the scheme, a plurality of technical characteristics which are not used by the prior people are adopted, and in order to verify the technical effects of the technical characteristics, the following experimental examples are provided for proving.

In the scheme, the fermented soil is adopted to replace original soil as the growth soil of the plants;

experimental example 1 fermentation soil experiment

The soil 1 is the original soil on the experimental grassland b.

The soil 2 is obtained by mixing raw soil with animal wastes, straws, wood chips, biomass combustion residues, humic acid, compound bacteria and clay soil.

The soil 3 is fermented soil obtained by mixing raw soil with animal waste, straw, wood chips, biomass combustion residues, humic acid, composite bacteria and clay soil and then fermenting.

The soil 4 is obtained by mixing raw soil, animal wastes, straws, wood chips, biomass combustion residues, humic acid and compound bacteria.

The soil 5 is fermented soil obtained by mixing raw soil, animal waste, straw, wood chips, biomass combustion residues, humic acid and compound bacteria and then fermenting.

Cultivating equal amount of batch of alkali grass seeds for 4 months in the soil 1-5 under the same condition, wherein the conditions of germination rate, height, harvesting weight and coverage rate of the batch of alkali grass are as follows:

index (I)	Soil 1	Soil 2	Soil 3	Soil 4	Soil 5
						Germination rate	41.3％	71.2％	94.8％	64.2％	85.3％
Height	55cm	73cm	109cm	62cm	92cm
						Weight of reaping	19kg	25kg	43kg	22kg	33kg
Coverage rate	72％	85％	99％	77％	87％

As can be seen from the above table, the indexes of the fermented soil 3 and the fermented soil 5 are higher than those of the unfermented soil;

the index of the soil 2 added with the clay soil is higher than that of the soil 4 not added with the clay soil, and the index of the soil 3 added with the clay soil is higher than that of the soil 5 not added with the annual drawing. The porosity of the soil 2 is 54%, the porosity of the soil 3 is 57%, the porosity of the soil 4 is 51% and the porosity of the soil 5 is 49% according to measurement and analysis of the soil; therefore, the porosity of the soil is improved by adding the clay soil into the soil, so that microorganisms and plant roots in the soil can be better subjected to aerobic respiration.

Experimental example 2 microbiological experiments

The soil 3-1 is fermented soil obtained by mixing raw soil with animal waste, straw, wood chips, biomass combustion residues, humic acid, composite bacteria and mucic soil and then fermenting, wherein the composite bacteria at least comprise bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bn 21, lactobacillus plantarum Bn 23, streptococcus faecalis, rhodopseudomonas palustris, trichoderma, saccharomycetes, azotobacteria, bacillus megaterium and lactobacillus rhamnosus.

And the soil 3-2 is fermented soil obtained by mixing raw soil with animal waste, straws, sawdust, biomass combustion residues, humic acid, compound bacteria and mucic soil and then fermenting, wherein the compound bacteria at least comprise bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bn 21, lactobacillus plantarum Bn 23 and streptococcus faecalis.

And the soil 3-3 is fermented soil obtained by mixing raw soil with animal wastes, straws, sawdust, biomass combustion residues, humic acid, composite bacteria and mucky soil and then fermenting, wherein the composite bacteria at least comprise rhodopseudomonas palustris, trichoderma, saccharomycetes, azotobacter, bacillus megaterium and lactobacillus rhamnosus.

And the soil 3-4 is fermented soil obtained by mixing raw soil with animal waste, straws, wood chips, biomass combustion residues, humic acid, compound bacteria and muck and then fermenting, wherein the compound bacteria at least comprise saccharomycetes.

And the soil 3-5 is fermented soil obtained by mixing raw soil with animal manure, straw, wood chips, biomass combustion residues, humic acid, compound bacteria and muck and then fermenting, wherein the compound bacteria at least comprise streptococcus faecalis.

And the soil 3-6 is fermented soil obtained by mixing raw soil with animal waste, straws, sawdust, biomass combustion residues, humic acid, compound bacteria and muck and then fermenting, wherein the compound bacteria at least comprise lactobacillus rhamnosus.

And the soil 3-7 is fermented soil obtained by mixing raw soil with animal waste, straws, wood chips, biomass combustion residues, humic acid, compound bacteria and muck and then fermenting, wherein the compound bacteria at least comprise trichoderma.

The soil is cultivated under the same condition for 4 months in equal amount of batch of alkali grass seeds, and the conditions of germination rate, height, harvesting weight and coverage rate of the batch of alkali grass are as follows:

as can be seen from the above table, the indexes of the fermentation soil added with the bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bn 21, the lactobacillus plantarum Bn 23, the streptococcus faecalis, the rhodopseudomonas palustris, the trichoderma, the saccharomycetes, the azotobacter, the bacillus megaterium and the lactobacillus rhamnosus multi-compound strain are higher than that of the soil.

Experimental example 3 soil horizon architecture experiment

Removing original soil with the depth of 40cm from an experimental grassland b, and respectively constructing the following soil layers:

the soil layer 1 is a gravel layer, a passenger soil layer, a lower nutrition layer, a arbor layer, an upper nutrition layer, a fermentation soil layer and an anti-freezing layer;

the soil layer 2 is a guest soil layer, a lower nutrition layer, a arbor layer, an upper nutrition layer, a fermentation soil layer and an anti-freezing layer;

the soil layer 3 is a gravel layer, a passenger soil layer, a lower nutrition layer, a arbor layer, an upper nutrition layer and a fermentation soil layer;

the soil layer 4 is a gravel layer, a guest soil layer, a lower nutrition layer, an upper nutrition layer, a fermentation soil layer and an anti-freezing layer;

the soil layer 5 is a gravel layer, a passenger soil layer, a arbor layer, a fermentation soil layer and an anti-freezing layer;

the construction method of the gravel layer, the soil dressing layer, the lower nutrition layer, the arbor layer, the upper nutrition layer, the fermentation soil layer and the anti-freezing layer in the soil layers 1-5 is shown in the embodiment 1.

On the surface of the soil layer, equal amount of alkali grass seeds are cultivated for 3 months under similar equal conditions, and the germination rate, height, harvesting weight and coverage rate of the alkali grass seeds are as follows:

index (I)	Soil layer 1	Soil layer 2	Soil layer 3	Soil layer 4	Soil layer 5
						Percentage of germination (%)	97	82	90	93	90
Height (cm)	87	74	80	82	85
						Reaping weight (kg)	39	31	35	34	23
Coverage (%)	97	95	94	98	92

As can be seen from the table above, the indexes of the batch of the alkali grass growing on the soil layer 1 are superior to the indexes of the batch of the alkali grass growing on the soil layers 2-5;

the soil layer 3 is not provided with an anti-freezing layer, and the growth index of the alkali grass batches is lower than that of the soil layer 1; the discovery is that: the anti-freezing layer formed after the anti-freezing solution is sprayed is a very thin breathable film on the surface of the soil, the breathable film improves the water retention capacity, avoids heat loss, and effectively reduces the damage of low temperature to plants and microorganisms in the soil.

Soil layer 5 is for setting up upper nutrition layer and lower nutrition layer, and batch alkali grass reaps weight and is far less than soil layer 1, can see that, the structure of upper and lower nutrition layer, batch alkali grass after sprouting nutritive material can't catch up, leads to though the grass is growing, has certain difference with normal grass in the weight of growing, hardly adapts to the change of weather.

Experimental example 4 ground well experiment

the soil layer 1-1 is a gravel layer, a passenger soil layer, a lower nutrition layer, a arbor layer, an upper nutrition layer, a fermentation soil layer and an anti-freezing layer;

the soil layer 2-1 is a guest soil layer, a lower nutrition layer, a arbor layer, an upper nutrition layer, a fermentation soil layer and an anti-freezing layer;

the soil layer 3-1 is a gravel layer, a passenger soil layer, a lower nutrition layer, a arbor layer, an upper nutrition layer, a fermentation soil layer and an anti-freezing layer;

digging 12 ground wells on the soil layers 1-1 and 2-1, and not digging the ground wells on the soil layers 3-1; the method for constructing the gravel layer, the soil dressing layer, the lower nutrition layer, the arbor layer, the upper nutrition layer, the fermentation soil layer and the anti-freezing layer in the soil layers is described in example 1.

Planting an equal amount of alkali grass seeds on the surface of the soil layer for 4 months, and simulating rainfall for 2 days every 4 days in four cultured months, wherein the rainfall is 55 mm; the germination rate, height, harvest weight and coverage rate of the batch of the alkali grass after 4 months are shown in the following table:

index (I)	Soil layer 1-1	Soil layer 2-1	Soil layer 3-1
				Percentage of germination (%)	83	51	42
Height (cm)	92	57	57
				Reaping weight (kg)	31	19	17
Coverage (%)	91	55	47

As can be seen from the above table, the indexes of the batch of the alkali grass in the soil layer 1-1 are far higher than those of the soil layers 2-1 and 3-1;

the inventor finds that after the ground well and the gravel layer are arranged, the grassland subjected to heavy rain can have better growth indexes, and because a plurality of ground wells with the depth reaching the gravel layer are dug after the soil layer is constructed, a large amount of accumulated surface water can be directly discharged into the gravel layer during snowing in plateau mountain areas or in heavy rain seasons; the gravel layer is composed of gravels with different diameters and has larger pores, so that water discharged into the gravel layer can quickly enter the soil layer below the gravel layer; therefore, snow water or rainwater can be directly drained away, so that the soil layer can be prevented from being washed away, and the loss of nutrient substances is reduced.

If only a ground well is provided, a certain amount of moisture can be removed, but the indexes of the alkali grass batches are not optimistic because the alkali grass batches cannot be well absorbed under the soil layer.

Experimental example 5 seed treatment experiment

Grass seeds a: untreated salix mongolica seeds and bulk alkali grass seeds;

and (b) grass seeds: salix psammophila seeds and Alkalimeria sericea seeds which are only subjected to low-temperature treatment;

and (c) grass seeds: salix psammophila seeds and bulk Alkalimeria seeds which are only subjected to light treatment;

grass seeds d: only the salix mongolica seeds and the batch of the common alstonia seeds are subjected to soaking treatment;

grass seeds e: salix psammophila seeds and bulk Alkaloids seeds which are only subjected to low-oxygen treatment;

grass seeds f: salix psammophila seeds and bulk Alkalimeria seeds which are only subjected to high-temperature treatment;

grass seeds g: salix psammophila seeds and bulk Alkaloids seeds which are subjected to low-temperature treatment, illumination treatment, soaking treatment, low-oxygen treatment and high-temperature treatment in sequence;

grass seeds h: sequentially carrying out illumination treatment, soaking treatment, low-oxygen treatment and high-temperature treatment on salix mongolica seeds and batch alkali grass seeds;

grass seeds i: sequentially carrying out low-temperature treatment, illumination treatment, soaking treatment and low-oxygen treatment.

The low-temperature treatment, the light treatment, the immersion treatment, the low-oxygen treatment, and the high-temperature treatment were performed in the same manner as in example 1.

Simultaneously planting the grass seeds on an experimental grassland c, and measuring the germination rates, survival rates, germination times and harvest weights of the batch of the alkali grass seeds and the salix mongolica seeds after 6 months;

as can be seen from the above table:

the germination rate of the grass seeds g subjected to low-temperature treatment, illumination treatment, soaking treatment, low-oxygen treatment and high-temperature treatment in sequence is not high, but the survival rate of the grass seeds g is far higher than that of other grass seeds;

grass h lacks a low temperature treatment step, but the survival rate and germination rate are much lower than average; the inventors found that the seeds subjected to low-temperature treatment are in a low dormancy state, and the seeds can be modified to the maximum extent without damaging the physiological functions of the seeds by performing light treatment, soaking treatment, low-oxygen treatment and high-temperature treatment in the low dormancy state.

The high-temperature treatment step of burning the grass seeds i, wherein the survival rate and the germination rate of the grass seeds i are basically equal to those of the grass seeds g, but the germination time of the grass seeds i is longer than that of the grass seeds g; because the high-temperature treatment is mainly used for activating the physiological functions of the seeds so that the seeds are in a state suitable for germination;

grass species a which had not been subjected to any treatment had a high germination rate but a low survival rate and could not adapt to climate change.

EXAMPLE 6 antifreeze experiment

Antifreeze a: mixing 2 parts of water-retaining antifreezing agent, 1 part of thickening agent, 3 parts of emulsifying agent, 8 parts of vaseline, 15 parts of nutrient, 4 parts of penetrating agent, 5 parts of rare earth element and 15 parts of feldspar powder to obtain antifreezing solution a;

antifreeze solution b: antifreeze solution b sold by Shandong farmer Biotech Co., Ltd;

and (c) antifreeze fluid: anti-freezing solution c sold by Shanxi Weinan high-new area Kao Huawang science and technology Limited.

Respectively spraying the antifreeze solution a/b/c on a culture medium a/b/c, and additionally preparing a culture medium d without spraying any antifreeze solution; the culture medium a/b/c/d is used for planting batch alkali grass seeds for 2 months under the condition of minus 10 ℃ (the rest conditions are the same), and the germination rate and survival rate of batch alkali grass are shown in the following table:

index (I)	a	b	c	d
					Percentage of germination (%)	91	85	79	19
Survival rate (%)	95	90	69	33

As can be seen from the above table, the antifreeze a has better antifreeze effect compared with most of the antifreeze sold on the market at present, so that the germination rate of the plants can be greatly improved by spraying the antifreeze a on the fermentation soil layer to form the antifreeze layer.

Experimental example 7 arbor layer experiment

Removing original soil with the depth of 40cm from an experimental grassland d, and respectively constructing the following soil layers:

the soil layers 1-2 are a gravel layer, a passenger soil layer, a lower nutrition layer, an arbor layer, an upper nutrition layer, a fermentation soil layer and an anti-freezing layer, the arbor layer is formed by paving a plurality of arbor boards in parallel, the distance between every two adjacent arbor boards is 4 meters, and mushroom hypha is coated on the surfaces of the arbor boards;

the soil layers 1-3 are a gravel layer, a passenger soil layer, a lower nutrition layer, an arbor layer, an upper nutrition layer, a fermentation soil layer and an anti-freezing layer, the arbor layer is formed by paving a plurality of arbor boards in parallel, the distance between every two adjacent arbor boards is 5 meters, and mushroom hypha is coated on the surfaces of the arbor boards;

the soil layers 1-4 are a gravel layer, a passenger soil layer, a lower nutrition layer, an arbor layer, an upper nutrition layer, a fermentation soil layer and an anti-freezing layer, the arbor layer is formed by paving a plurality of arbor boards in parallel, the distance between every two adjacent arbor boards is 3 meters, and mushroom hypha is coated on the surfaces of the arbor boards;

the soil layers 1-5 are a gravel layer, a passenger soil layer, a lower nutrition layer, an arbor layer, an upper nutrition layer, a fermentation soil layer and an anti-freezing layer, the arbor layer is formed by paving a plurality of arbor boards in parallel, the distance between every two adjacent arbor boards is 4 meters, and no substance is coated on the surfaces of the arbor boards;

the construction modes of the gravel layer, the passenger soil layer, the lower nutrition layer, the upper nutrition layer, the fermentation soil layer and the anti-freezing layer refer to embodiment 1; the arbor can be a common arbor variety in the alpine mountain region at present;

continuously planting a batch of the alkannin grass on the soil layer for 3 years under the same conditions; sowing in 3 months every year, and respectively measuring the germination rate, height, harvest weight and coverage rate of the alkali grass batches planted in each year.

Comparative example 1

The comparative example was set on an experimental grassland e, and the conditions were substantially the same as those in example 1, except that the comparative example did not set a heat bar on the crushed stone layer and the arbor layer in the first year, and set a heat bar on the crushed stone layer and the arbor layer in the second year.

At the end of the first year, it was found that the various indexes of vegetation coverage, plant luxuriance, plant height, etc. in this comparative example were all significantly lower than those of example 1.

At the end of the second year, it was found that the indexes of vegetation coverage, plant luxuriance, plant height, etc. in this comparative example were slightly lower than those in example 1.

At the end of the third year, it was found that the various indexes of vegetation coverage, plant luxuriance, plant height, etc. in this comparative example were all equivalent to those of example 1.

The inventor finds that the heat bar arranged on the gravel layer can keep the guest soil layer to have a constant temperature and is suitable for the growth of microorganisms, and the absorption of the guest soil layer to the nutrient substances of the lower nutrient layer is accelerated.

The hot rod is arranged on the arbor layer, so that on one hand, the growth of mushroom hyphae can be promoted, the biological diversity is increased, and the climate change can be better resisted; on the other hand, the upper nutrition layer and the fermentation soil layer can be continuously in a suitable fermentation environment, so that the soil microbial activity and the soil root system activity are improved; finally, the heat quantity difference generated in the soil and the air after heating drives the exchange of the soil and the air, and the porosity in the soil is further improved.

Comparative example 2

The comparison example is arranged on an experimental grassland e, the conditions are basically the same as those of the example 1, and the only difference is that the soil in the soil-removed layer in the comparison example is soil-removedThe indexes are that the humidity is less than 70%, the PH is more than 7, and the microorganism content is less than 10⁸The content of macro aggregates is less than 20 percent per gram, and the porosity of the soil is less than 40 percent.

At the end of the first year, it was found that the various indexes of vegetation coverage, plant luxuriance, plant height, etc. in this control example were all equivalent to those of example 1.

At the end of the third year, it was found that the various indexes of vegetation coverage, plant luxuriance, plant height, etc. in this comparative example were all significantly lower than those of example 1.

Firstly, in soil with humidity more than 80%, the microbial activity is higher, and moisture can be provided for various reactions;

the pH value is slightly acidic, so that the occurrence of saline-alkali soil can be effectively inhibited; in addition, under the sun exposure weather, the condition of salt return and alkali return of the ground bottom can be directly blocked by the foreign soil layer;

the microorganism content is more than 10⁸The fertilizer per gram can ensure the fertility of soil, and the nutrient substances in the lower nutrient layer can be quickly absorbed;

the content of macro aggregates is more than 20%, and the macro aggregates are beneficial to the preservation of nutrients, so that the more the content of the macro aggregates is, the more the nutrients can be stored; but the content of large agglomerates is chosen not to exceed 40%;

the porosity of the soil is between 40% and 50%, a salt return channel is easily formed when the porosity is too large, gas exchange in the air is not smooth when the porosity is too small, and therefore the porosity of the soil is less than 40% and is most suitable for growth of microorganisms and plants.

In the invention, arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant are mixed and planted together to improve the ecological environment of the grassland in the alpine mountain region, so that the ecological environment can adapt to weather in various environments. In addition, in consideration of factors such as cold, poor biological species, rainstorm, strong wind, saline-alkali soil, soil impoverishment and the like in the alpine mountain land, the inventor applies modes such as soil layer construction, soil treatment, biological diversity culture and the like to overcome the defects, and ensures that the alpine mountain grassland can adapt to various climatic changes.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A alpine mountain grassland protection method capable of adapting to climate change is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) removing original soil; removing original soil of plateau mountain grassland, wherein the removal depth is 40-50 cm;

2) treating raw soil; mixing the removed raw soil with animal wastes, straws, wood chips, biomass combustion residues, humic acid, composite bacteria and clay soil, and fermenting the mixed soil to obtain fermented soil;

3) constructing a soil layer; paving a gravel layer, a soil dressing layer, a lower nutrition layer, a arbor layer, an upper nutrition layer, a fermentation soil layer and an anti-freezing layer in sequence from bottom to top on the alpine mountain grassland with the original soil removed;

4) digging and building a ground well; digging a ground well on the grassland after the soil layer is constructed, wherein the ground well is dug to a density of 10-15 per mu, and the ground well is dug to a depth of a gravel layer;

5) selecting seeds of plants; selecting shrub seeds and arbor seeds with strong stress resistance and low temperature resistance as tree seeds of grassland in alpine mountainous regions, and respectively and sequentially carrying out low-temperature treatment, illumination treatment, soaking treatment, low-oxygen treatment and high-temperature treatment on the selected seeds; the low-temperature treatment is to place the seeds for 5 days at the temperature of between 15 ℃ below zero and 5 ℃ below zero; the illumination treatment is to irradiate the seeds for 12 hours under the condition of 10000-60000 lx; the soaking treatment is to soak the seeds in clear water for 4 hours; the low-oxygen treatment is to place the seeds for 10 days under the condition of 40-60% of oxygen content in air; the high-temperature treatment is to place the seeds in soil at 40-50 ℃ for 2 days;

6) cultivating plants; dividing the alpine mountain grassland into a plurality of square areas of 15m by 15m, wherein the interval between every two adjacent square areas is 1.5 m; planting arbor seeds at the edges of the square areas; planting a plurality of drainage and irrigation wood seeds in the square area; herbaceous plants are planted in the middle area of each row of adjacent shrub seeds.

2. The alpine mountain grassland protection method capable of adapting to climate change according to claim 1, wherein in the soil layer constructing step, the anti-freezing layer is composed of the following raw materials: 1-3 parts of water-retention antifreezing agent, 1-3 parts of thickening agent, 2-4 parts of emulsifier, 5-10 parts of vaseline, 8-20 parts of nutrient, 3-5 parts of penetrating agent, 2-6 parts of rare earth element and 10-20 parts of feldspar powder.

3. The method for protecting alpine mountain grassland capable of adapting to climate change as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step of treating the raw soil, the composite bacteria at least comprise the following strains: bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bn 21, Lactobacillus plantarum Bn 23, Streptococcus faecalis, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Trichoderma, yeast, azotobacter, Bacillus megaterium and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.

4. A method for alpine mountain grassland protection capable of adapting to climate change according to claim 3, wherein in the soil layer construction step: the arbor layer is laid for a plurality of arbor boards are parallel, and the distance is no longer than 5 meters between the adjacent arbor board the arbor board surface coating mushroom hypha.

5. The method for protecting alpine mountain grassland capable of adapting to climate change as claimed in claim 4, wherein a plurality of hot sticks are laid in the gravel layer and the arbor layer.

6. The method for protecting alpine mountain grassland capable of adapting to climate change as claimed in claim 5, wherein the alien soil in the alien soil layer is soil with humidity of more than 80%, pH of 6.7-7, microorganism content of more than 108/g, macro aggregate content of more than 20%, and soil porosity of 40% -50%.

7. The alpine mountain grassland protection method capable of adapting to climate change according to claim 6, wherein in the soil layer construction step: the thickness of the fermentation soil layer is 40-60 cm.

8. The alpine mountain grassland protection method capable of adapting to climate change according to claim 7, wherein in the plant cultivation step: digging trenches in the interval areas of the adjacent square areas, wherein the depth of each trench is 10-15 cm; planting herbaceous plants on two sides of the trench; planting the shrub seeds in the trench.

9. The alpine mountain grassland protection method capable of adapting to climate change according to claim 8, wherein in the soil layer construction step: the lower nutritional layer comprises the following ingredients: 20-30 parts of urea, 1-5 parts of adsorbent, 1-5 parts of stabilizer, 5-8 parts of water-retaining agent, 3-5 parts of microbial agent, 10-20 parts of sugarcane powder fermentation liquor, 10-20 parts of corncob powder fermentation liquor and 10-20 parts of excrement fermentation liquor; the upper nutritional layer comprises the following ingredients: 50-80 parts of straw, 3-6 parts of a decomposition agent, 5-10 parts of wood chips, 3-5 parts of a microbial agent, 10-20 parts of sugarcane powder fermentation liquor, 10-20 parts of corncob powder fermentation liquor and 10-20 parts of excrement fermentation liquor.