CN104206140B - The cultural method of gold silver grass 2 - Google Patents

The cultural method of gold silver grass 2 Download PDF

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CN104206140B
CN104206140B CN201410406188.XA CN201410406188A CN104206140B CN 104206140 B CN104206140 B CN 104206140B CN 201410406188 A CN201410406188 A CN 201410406188A CN 104206140 B CN104206140 B CN 104206140B
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gold silver
weeding
soil
time
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CN104206140A (en
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关克忠
关越
肖开元
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Guizhou Agriculture And Forestry Technology Development Co ltd
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Guizhou Huanong Group Ecological Animal Husbandry Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention/invention relates to technical field of pasture cultivation;The purpose of the present invention/invention is to provide the high yield cultivating method of a kind of gold silver grass 2;The technical scheme is that wholely, plantation, field management, harvesting, spraying fertilizer;Gold silver grass 2 has the strongest photosynthesis, and every mu of annual grass can absorb 6~7 tons of carbon dioxide, to purifying air, absorbs the harmful gas in air, improves environment and have positive effect;Around highway both sides, factories and miness, inside and outside park, establishing in large scale gold silver grass 2, to reduce air pollution degree, improves the living environment of people;Gold silver grass 2 is anti-erosion, administers stony desertification, desertification, salinization of soil, barren beach, the desirable plants on abrupt slope;Gold silver No. 2 leaf soft and succulency of grass, palatability is especially good, is the preferable feedstuff of each breeding stock, fowl, Fish.

Description

The cultural method of gold silver grass 2
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of pasture cultivation, the high-yield culturing side of a kind of gold silver grass 2 Method.
Background technology
Gold silver grass 2 is grass, uprightly grows thickly, has the strongest tillering ability, and individual plant every year may be used More than tiller 80 strain, can be rated as the king in grass.Gold silver grass 2 is to be hybridized also by African wild Herba penniseti and grassiness Limit acclimatization culture through 18 years forms.It is subordinate to Angiospermae, Monocotyledonae, grass family, wolf tail Grass belongs to
Gold silver grass No. 2 (biological properties) is to be hybridized by African wild Herba penniseti and grassiness and through the pole of 18 years Limit acclimatization culture forms.Be that a kind of wide adaptability, degeneration-resistant row be strong, crude protein and the high plant of sugar part content. Having drought resisting, waterlogging, impoverishment tolerant, cold-resistant, fast growth, yield is high, nutritious, good palatability, Plantation in 1 year, can utilize more than 20 years, continuously suitably on tropical, subtropical zone and height above sea level less than 1400 meters ground District plants
Gold silver grass 2 is the torrid zone, subtropical plant.Temperature starts growth, 20--35 degree at about 10 degree For suitable growth temperature, growth retardation during less than 8 degree, stop growing when less than 5 degree, need less than subzero three degree Take protective measure.Within 2008, Guizhou Province's maximum is congealed under weather (-3-5), gold silver No. 2 safe overwinterings of grass. Spring in 2009 sprouts sprouting and grows vigorously.No. 2 spies of grass are drought-enduring for gold silver, in March, 2013-October Guizhou Big damage caused by a drought test, around crops are a piece of withered and yellow, and gold silver grass 2 is the most is green and luxuriant.Gold silver grass 2 With long term growth in water, can purify the ability extra-heavy of sewage, 2012 at Pollution Treatment of Dianchi Lake dirt water test In, the total nitrogen in the time Dian Chi sewage of only 2 months has dropped one times, and total phosphorus has dropped 5 times, and sewage becomes substantially Clear free from extraneous odour, pollution treatment effect is obvious
Gold silver No. 2 photosynthesis biochemical route of grass are C4 approach, belong to typical four-carbon plant, and luminous energy effect turns Rate is high, and the Biomass of unit are is higher than other herbages, is the plant effectively utilizing solar energy most economical. At present, the bottleneck that No. 2 photosynthetic with rising ratios of gold silver grass are relatively low is broken.Therefore, No. 2 tools of gold silver grass Have drought resisting, waterlogging, impoverishment tolerant, cold-resistant, fast growth, yield high (general yield 10~20/ Mu) etc. characteristic, it has also become water, the dual-purpose grass in land
Gold silver grass 2 (botanical character) belongs to fibrous root system plants, and fibrous root has underground stipes to grow, is grown in In the soil layer of 60~80 centimetres, the longest up to more than 4 meters, spreading range is wide, and gold silver grass 2 becomes Water and soil conservation, the preferable plant of bank protection Rocky Desertification Control, this grass uprightly grows thickly, and plant is up to 4-5 rice, stem Thick 3~4 centimetres, internode is shorter, and general joint number is 20~35, and joint is prominent less, and brood cell highlights.Then Planting many tillers more than 25~40, many reaches more than 80.The multiple underground being born near surface of tiller or ground Upper joint, after harvesting, tiller is more neat, sturdy, more cuts tiller the most.Spring plants best, and general tiller can reach 25-40, compared with other grassiness gramineous, Pennisetum hydridum, Herba pennisetis etc., its blade soft and succulency, leaf Color is dark green, and greenery number is many, and palatability is more preferable.
The factor of influence of gold silver No. 2 cultivations of grass:
1, illumination: the photosynthesis that light is plant provides energy, is the gold silver No. 2 necessary bars depended on for existence of grass One of part, current all herbages gramineous are desirable that and are grown in sun-drenched place.China is mostly District, annual global radiation is 90~130 kilocalories/square centimeter.Wherein North China, East China major part are 120~130, Southwest is 90~110, and Sichuan is 80~90, the most all meets gold silver No. 2 growth needs of grass;
2, temperature: heat is the essential condition of the activity of sustaining life.Temperature directly influences gold silver grass 2 and plants It is the activity of various enzyme in object, thus affects its metabolism and i.e. synthesize and catabolic process.Temperature not only affects gold The yield of silver grass 2, and have influence on the sprouting of seed.By temperature in gold silver No. 2 growth courses of grass Three kinds of situations of impact point: one is minimum temperature, and two is optimum temperature, and three is maximum temperature.At optimum temperature Time various enzymolysis can coordinate best gold silver grass No. 2 plants in metabolic process, most beneficial for growth. When the low minimum temperature of temperature or higher than maximum temperature time, the activity of enzyme is suppressed by strong, simultaneously high temperature and The cell of plant is produced and directly destroys by low temperature, and protein denaturation causes Plant death, and temperature also directly affects The photosynthesis of plant and Repiration, under the conditions of existing scientific and technological level, large area that heat is varied and controlled Amount condition is relatively difficult, and therefore, the arrangement of planting season is to obtain higher yield under the same conditions Serve important function;
3, moisture: moisture is the key condition affecting gold silver No. 2 growths of grass.Photosynthesis, Repiration, Being required for hydrone participation in organic synthesis and catabolic process, water is again that mineral matter nutritional absorbs and transport Medium.The saturation state in soil can directly or indirectly affect the photosynthesis of plant.Root Absorption merit during hydropenia Can decline, leaf occurs withering all of a sudden, and pore is closed, and affects carbon dioxide and enters, and photosynthesis declines, moisture mistake Many, root system anoxia, suppress root respiration, anaerobic bacteria can produce noxious substance, be unfavorable for root system Growth.Our province most area rain heat same season, 4~JIUYUE be the season that epidemic disaster is high, rainfall accounts for entirely The 70~90% of year, megathermal period and rainfall are conducive to the growth of gold silver grass 2 with the climatic characteristic in season;
4, soil and nutrition: soil is gold silver No. 2 material bases depended on for existence of grass.The fertility of soil, knot Structure, pH value are all closely related with the growth of gold silver grass 2.Gold silver No. 2 adaptabilities to soil of grass are very strong, In the presence of water, desert ground, sand ground, stony desertification ground, salt-soda soil, bare place can grow, and All can normal growth in the range of pH value 3~12.In the ordinary course of things, the content of organic matter is high, and granule is tied Structure is good, and the soil that water conservation fertilizer conservation is good can obtain high yield.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the special growth demand for gold silver grass, it is provided that the height of a kind of gold silver grass 2 Produce cultural method.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the cultural method of a kind of gold silver grass 2, It is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) wholely: select soil layer deep, loose fertile, on the sunny side, soil that drainage performance is good, carry out Deep ploughing, removing weeds, stone foreign material, soil block is in small, broken bits, loose rear basal dressing, by 1.5~2m after leveling Width opens furrow/ridge, stays ditch wide for 0.3m between adjacent furrow/ridge;
In invention, sandy soil or hillside ground are wholely for furrow, if smooth clayed ground, flood land, depression Should be wholely for ridge, if steep hillslope should open cave plantation along equal pitch contour is parallel.
(2) plantation: utilize cytothesis agent and natural activity plant growing adverse-resistant agent by needing the careless Seedling transplanted Soak, then by 1000~3000 plants/acre, spacing be that 30cm × 70cm transplants, vertical after grass transplantation of seedlings I.e. water foot and determine root water, within the most every 3 days, should water once, until grass Seedling turns green grass or young crops and survives;
In the present invention, according to cultivation purpose, purposes is different, and the seeding row spacing of plantation is different accordingly: 1. as blue or green The plantation of feedstuff, mu cultivation 2000~2500 strains, seeding row spacing is 70cm × 50cm;2. do frame material, view and admire Plantation specification, mu cultivation 1000~1500 strains, seeding row spacing is 100cm × 70cm;3. make fence, bank protection, protect Plantation specification in slope is that mu plants 3000~5000 strains, and seeding row spacing is 30cm~40cm;To irregular hillside fields, Mountain region is determined on a case-by-case basis, and such as the suitable dilute value in plot that illumination is not enough, such grass seeds can obtain more sunlight, Photosynthesis is strengthened, and Biomass strengthens.
(3) field management:
1. fill the gaps with seedlings: after transplant survival, the local transplanting in time being short of seedling is reseeded, it is ensured that survival rate 98%, entirely Portion sprays foliage fertilizer/hormone once after transplanting 15 days, within 2~3 days, is repeated once;
2. weeding: when, after plantation one month, carrying out weeding in for the first time, after weeding by every strain apply carbamide 9~ 12g;When plantation after two months, carry out second time in weeding, after weeding by every strain apply compound fertilizer 22~ 27g;
3. water: watered once every 3~5 days;
(4) harvesting: gather in real time according to the difference of feeding animals kind;
In the present invention, gold silver grass No. 2 the harvesting time should regard nursing object depending on, if the simple stomach such as poultry, duck During animal, it is harvesting in grass length to 20~30cm;If feed sheep, when grass grows 1m, harvesting is preferred;If hello Cattle, Ma Shi, make grass long to harvesting during 1.5m;If making " lumbering with grass " culturing edible fungus raw material, biomass New forms of energy, 1 year raw material used time such as ensiling the most only gathers in once, at most can only gather in 2 times;
(5) spraying fertilizer: every time by every mu of Nitrogen Top Dressing 20~25kg after harvesting, gather in last before entering the winter Farm manure is imposed by every mu 3000~4500kg after secondary.
Further, applying fertilizer when being farm manure, every mu of dose 3000~4000kg, applying fertilizer is During compound fertilizer, every mu of dose is 100~120kg.
Further, in step (2), the molar concentration of cytothesis agent is 0.05/1000000th, natural work The mass concentration of property plant growing adverse-resistant agent is 30%, and soak time is 0.5~2.
Further, in step (3), the concentration spraying foliage fertilizer/hormone is 0.05/1000000th.
In actual production, gold silver No. 2 perennial roots of grass are strong, can grow continuously and utilize more than 20 years, gold silver Grass 2 stops growing less than 5 degree in temperature, during less than-3~5 DEG C, freeze injury can occur;At height above sea level 1200 The following area of rice, should be deposited in stubble head 30cm when last batch of harvesting, strengthens grass strain cold-resistant, it is ensured that Overwintering;In height above sea level more than 1200 meters, frost phase long area, remove when last stubble gathers in Being deposited in outside stubble head 30m and also should earth up guarantor's pocket and add a cover Radix Glycyrrhizae or plastic sheeting is survived the winter, field to be removed Between residual leaf weeds, with reduce pest and disease damage retain hibernacle.
The method have the benefit that:
(1), gold silver grass No. 2 there is the strongest photosynthesis, every mu of annual grass can absorb 6~7 ton two Carbonoxide, to purifying air, absorbs the harmful gas in air, improves environment and have positive effect;? Establishing in large scale gold silver grass 2 around highway both sides, factories and miness, inside and outside park, to reduce air pollution journey Degree, improves the living environment of people;
(2), gold silver grass No. 2 be anti-erosion, administer stony desertification, desertification, salinization of soil, barren beach, The desirable plants on abrupt slope.The well developed root system of gold silver grass 2, growth is rapid, gos deep into soil layer 60~80cm, The longest root gos deep into soil layer and reaches more than 4m, and its fibrous root can form fibrous root network in the short period of time, jail Admittedly pin earth and moisture, the solid soil nature of water conservation is very strong, therefore, to planting trees on barren hills barren hill, administers stony desert Change, desertification, salinization of soil have good effect.Gold silver No. 2 metabolism of grass are vigorous, after metabolism Root system is fabulous fertilizer, can effectively improve and increase soil fertility;
(3), No. 2 leaf soft and succulency of gold silver grass.Palatability is especially good, is each breeding stock, fowl, Fish Preferably feedstuff, according to surveying and determination, it is nutritious, and fresh grass crude protein reaches 8.21%, a high point than rice, Rich in 17 kinds of aminoacid, trace element enriches, and total sugar content reaches 9%.Therefore, though gold silver grass No. 2 It is fresh grass, air-dries and be processed into grass meal or ensiling, be all the preferable feedstuff of poultry, fowl, Fish.Particularly use This grass hello cattle, sheep, substantially without concentrate, greatly reduces feed cost, if can spread kind Plant gold silver grass 2, Guizhou Province's grassland ecology herding also will be played big effect with culture fishery, often Individual peasant planting gold silver grass No. 2 one mu can cowboying 2~5, sheep raising 20~40, support rabbit 400, Save labour force;
(4), the climatic superiority of Guizhou Province's " natural big air-conditioning " is made full use of, " lumbering with grass " anti-season Joint cultivation is edible or medicinal fungus not only can be alleviated " bacterium woods contradiction ", but also is that enterprise is with same cost Put into and create different benefit effects.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete Ground describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole realities Execute example.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not before making creative work Put the every other embodiment obtained, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) wholely: select soil layer deep, loose fertile, on the sunny side, soil that drainage performance is good, carry out Deep ploughing, remove weeds, stone foreign material, soil block is in small, broken bits, loose after apply farm manure as base manure, apply Amount is every mu of dose 3000kg, opens furrow by 1.5m width, stay 0.3m wide between adjacent furrow after leveling Ditch;
In the present embodiment, soil is sandy soil, wholely for furrow;
(2) plantation: utilize cytothesis agent and natural activity plant growing adverse-resistant agent by needing the careless Seedling transplanted Soak, then by 1000~1500 plants/acre, spacing be that 100cm × 70cm transplants, grass transplantation of seedlings after Water foot immediately and determine root water, within the most every 3 days, should water once, until grass Seedling turns green grass or young crops and survives;
Wherein, the molar concentration of cytothesis agent is 0.05/1000000th, natural activity plant growing adverse-resistant agent Mass concentration be 30%, soak time is 0.5 hour.
In the present embodiment, doing frame material, plantation specification is that mu plants 1000~1500 strains, seeding row spacing be 100cm × 70cm;Irregular hillside fields, mountain region are determined on a case-by-case basis, the suitable dilute value in plot as not enough in illumination, this Sample grass seeds can obtain more sunlight, and photosynthesis is strengthened, and Biomass strengthens.
(3) field management:
1. fill the gaps with seedlings: after transplant survival, the local transplanting in time being short of seedling is reseeded, it is ensured that survival rate 98%, entirely Portion sprays foliage fertilizer/hormone once after transplanting 15 days, and the concentration spraying foliage fertilizer/hormone is 0.05/1000000th, Within 2 days, it is repeated once;
2. weeding: when, after plantation one month, carrying out weeding in first time, apply carbamide 9 by every strain after weeding g;When planting after two months, carry out weeding in second time, after weeding, apply compound fertilizer 22g by every strain;
3. water: watered once every 3 days;
(4) harvesting: gather in real time according to the difference of feeding animals kind;
In embodiment, gold silver grass No. 2 the harvesting time should regard nursing object depending on, if the simple stomach such as poultry, duck During animal, it is harvesting in grass length to 20cm;If feed sheep, when grass grows 1m, harvesting is preferred;If hello cattle, Ma Shi, makes grass long to harvesting during 1.5m;If making " lumbering with grass " culturing edible fungus raw material, the new energy of biomass Source, 1 year raw material used time such as ensiling the most only gathers in once, at most can only gather in 2 times;
(5) spraying fertilizer: by every mu of Nitrogen Top Dressing 20kg after each harvesting, after gathering in for the last time before entering the winter Farm manure is imposed by every mu of 3000kg.
Embodiment 2
(1) wholely: select soil layer deep, loose fertile, on the sunny side, soil that drainage performance is good, carry out Deep ploughing, remove weeds, stone foreign material, soil block is in small, broken bits, loose after apply farm manure as base manure, apply Amount is every mu of dose 3500kg, opens furrow by 2m width, stay ditch wide for 0.3m between adjacent furrow after leveling;
In embodiment, cultivating soil is hillside ground, wholely for furrow.
(2) plantation: utilize cytothesis agent and natural activity plant growing adverse-resistant agent by needing the careless Seedling transplanted Soak, then by 2000~2500 plants/acre, spacing be that 70cm × 50cm transplants, vertical after grass transplantation of seedlings I.e. water foot and determine root water, within the most every 3 days, should water once, until grass Seedling turns green grass or young crops and survives;
Wherein, the molar concentration of cytothesis agent is 0.05/1000000th, natural activity plant growing adverse-resistant agent Mass concentration be 30%, soak time is 1 hour.
In the present embodiment, as the plantation of greenfeed, mu plants 2000~2500 strains, and seeding row spacing is 70cm ×50cm;Irregular hillside fields, mountain region are determined on a case-by-case basis, the suitable dilute value in plot as not enough in illumination, So grass seeds can obtain more sunlight, and photosynthesis is strengthened, and Biomass strengthens.
(3) field management:
1. fill the gaps with seedlings: after transplant survival, the local transplanting in time being short of seedling is reseeded, it is ensured that survival rate 98%, entirely Portion sprays foliage fertilizer/hormone once after transplanting 15 days, and the concentration spraying foliage fertilizer/hormone is 0.05/1000000th, Within 2 days, it is repeated once;
2. weeding: when, after plantation one month, carrying out weeding in first time, apply carbamide by every strain after weeding 10g;When planting after two months, carry out weeding in second time, after weeding, apply compound fertilizer 25g by every strain;
3. water: watered once every 3 days;
(4) harvesting: gather in real time according to the difference of feeding animals kind;
In the present embodiment, the harvesting time of gold silver grass 2 should be depending on feeding object, if poultry, duck etc. are single During stomach animal, it is harvesting in grass length to 25cm;If feed sheep, when grass grows 1m, harvesting is preferred;If hello Cattle, Ma Shi, make grass long to harvesting during 1.5m;If making " lumbering with grass " culturing edible fungus raw material, biological Matter new forms of energy, 1 year raw material used time such as ensiling the most only gathers in once, at most can only gather in 2 times;
(5) spraying fertilizer: by every mu of Nitrogen Top Dressing 23kg after each harvesting, after gathering in for the last time before entering the winter Farm manure is imposed by every mu of 4000kg.
Embodiment 3
(1) wholely: select soil layer deep, loose fertile, on the sunny side, soil that drainage performance is good, carry out Deep ploughing, remove weeds, stone foreign material, soil block is in small, broken bits, loose after apply farm manure as base manure, apply Amount for every mu of dose 4000kg (apply fertilizer be compound fertilizer time, every mu of dose is 120kg), leveling Open ridge by 2m width afterwards, between adjacent ridge, stay ditch wide for 0.3m;
In the present embodiment, soil is smooth clayed ground, flood land, depression should be wholely for ridge.
(2) plantation: utilize cytothesis agent and natural activity plant growing adverse-resistant agent by needing the careless Seedling transplanted Soaking, the molar concentration of cytothesis agent is 0.05/1000000th, the matter of natural activity plant growing adverse-resistant agent Amount concentration is 30%, and soak time is 2 hours;Then by 3000~5000 plants/acre, spacing be 30cm~ 40cm transplants, and waters foot immediately and determines root water, within the most every 3 days, should water once after grass transplantation of seedlings, until grass Seedling turns green grass or young crops and survives;
In the present embodiment, make fence, bank protection, bank protection plantation specification are that mu plants 3000~5000 strains, plant Away from for 30cm~40cm;Irregular hillside fields, mountain region are determined on a case-by-case basis, such as the plot that illumination is not enough Suitable dilute value, such grass seeds can obtain more sunlight, and photosynthesis is strengthened, and Biomass strengthens.
(3) field management:
1. fill the gaps with seedlings: after transplant survival, the local transplanting in time being short of seedling is reseeded, it is ensured that survival rate 98%, entirely Portion sprays foliage fertilizer/hormone once after transplanting 15 days, and the concentration spraying foliage fertilizer/hormone is 0.05/1000000th, Within 3 days, it is repeated once;
2. weeding: when, after plantation one month, carrying out weeding in first time, apply carbamide by every strain after weeding 12g;When planting after two months, carry out weeding in second time, after weeding, apply compound fertilizer 27g by every strain;
3. water: watered once every 5 days;
(4) harvesting: gather in real time according to the difference of feeding animals kind;
In the present invention, gold silver grass No. 2 the harvesting time should regard nursing object depending on, if the simple stomach such as poultry, duck During animal, it is harvesting in grass length to 30cm;If feed sheep, when grass grows 1m, harvesting is preferred;If hello cattle, Ma Shi, makes grass long to harvesting during 1.5m;If making " lumbering with grass " culturing edible fungus raw material, biomass are new The energy, 1 year raw material used time such as ensiling the most only gathers in once, at most can only gather in 2 times;
(5) spraying fertilizer: every time by every mu of Nitrogen Top Dressing 20~25kg after harvesting, gather in last before entering the winter Farm manure is imposed by every mu of 4500kg after secondary.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all at this Within bright spirit and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included in this Within bright protection domain.

Claims (2)

1. the cultural method of gold silver grass 2, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) wholely: select soil layer deep, loose fertile, on the sunny side, soil that drainage performance is good, carry out Deep ploughing, removing weeds, stone foreign material, soil block is in small, broken bits, loose rear basal dressing, by 1.5~2m after leveling Width opens furrow/ridge, stays ditch wide for 0.3m between adjacent furrow/ridge;
(2) plantation: utilize cytothesis agent and natural activity plant raw by needing the gold silver transplanted No. 2 Seedlings of grass Long adverse-resistant agent soak, then by 1000~5000 plants/acre, spacing be that 30cm × 70cm transplants, gold silver Water foot immediately after No. 2 transplantation of seedlings of grass and determine root water, within the most every 3 days, should water once, until gold silver No. 2 Seedlings of grass Turn green grass or young crops to survive;
(3) field management:
1. fill the gaps with seedlings: after transplant survival, the local transplanting in time being short of seedling is reseeded, it is ensured that survival rate 98%, entirely Portion sprays foliage fertilizer/hormone once after transplanting 15 days, within 2~3 days, is repeated once;
2. weeding: when, after plantation one month, carrying out weeding in for the first time, after weeding by every strain apply carbamide 9~ 12g;When plantation after two months, carry out second time in weeding, after weeding by every strain apply compound fertilizer 22~ 27g;
3. water: watered once every 3~5 days;
(4) harvesting: gather in real time according to the difference of feeding animals kind;
(5) spraying fertilizer: every time by every mu of Nitrogen Top Dressing 20~25kg after harvesting, gather in last before entering the winter Farm manure is imposed by every mu 3000~4500kg after secondary.
The cultural method of gold silver the most according to claim 1 grass 2, it is characterised in that step (1) In, when basal dressing is farm manure, every mu of dose 3000~4000kg, when basal dressing is compound fertilizer, every mu Dose is 100~120kg.
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