CN103430743B - A soil Optimum Cultivation method of planting ginseng - Google Patents
A soil Optimum Cultivation method of planting ginseng Download PDFInfo
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- CN103430743B CN103430743B CN201310357472.8A CN201310357472A CN103430743B CN 103430743 B CN103430743 B CN 103430743B CN 201310357472 A CN201310357472 A CN 201310357472A CN 103430743 B CN103430743 B CN 103430743B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the soil Optimum Cultivation method that a kind is planted ginseng, comprise addressing, soil environment cultivated, plant, cover, the step such as growing season management, according to the ginseng of this method plantation, the generation of damage by disease and insect in vegetative period can be greatly reduced, decrease the consumption of agricultural chemicals in vegetative period, thus reduce pesticide residue on panax ginseng amount to greatest extent; The seed output and quality of ginseng is all improved, and builds up fertility, Disease management power is poor; And the quality of ginseng is improved, the medical value of plantation ginseng is out closer to wild-growing ginseng.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ginseng planting's method, be specifically related to the soil Optimum Cultivation method that a kind is planted ginseng.
Background technology
The discovery of wild ginseng is apart from the modern history having more than 4000 year, and because significantly reducing of area of woods is excavated with undue since nearly five more than ten years, the quantity of wild-growing ginseng sharply declines, and is listed in national rare or endangered species in 1992.Because ginseng has very high tonic effect and medical value, always extensively by the favor of people, wild ginseng can not meet the demand of people to ginseng far away, and propagating ginseng artificially has become inevitable development trend.Nowadays begin to take shape to the cultural technique of ginseng, people also define the theory of a set of plantation ginseng in practice.But ginseng damage by disease and insect in planting process is but the key factor affecting its output.
Ginseng damage by disease and insect at home and abroad each producing region generally occurs, it is the major obstacle affecting ginseng good quality and high output, ginseng diseases is of a great variety, has kind more than 20 in China, and production at present above occurs generally, endanger the serious ginseng diseases such as black fleck disease of ginseng, epidemic disease, stalk break and rust rot that have kind more than 20; The insect of harm ginseng has kind more than ten, and wherein with harm such as wireworm, mole cricket, grub, black cutworm, agrotis the most very, wherein wireworm very refractory, its larva energy level, vertically movement, sting food stem and ginseng root, causes ginseng strain withered and dead.Technical at Chinese people ginseng cultivating, there is no the scientific management pattern of soil, how to prevent and treat the generation of ginseng damage by disease and insect, each side expert and technical staff, sum up in practical experience and grasped many extraordinary techniques and methods, these effective ginseng techniques of pest control and administrated method serve great effect at culture of ginseng with in producing.Because the vegetative period of ginseng is long especially, the long-term extermination of disease and insect pest makes the residue of pesticide in soil get more and more, and polypide also can be made to develop immunity to drugs.And the ginseng medical value of artificial planting and shape and wild ginseng's difference are very large, so the quality retaining wild ginseng is to greatest extent a very important problem.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned Problems existing, the technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide the soil Optimum Cultivation method that a kind is planted ginseng, thus can greatly reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect in vegetative period, increases soil fertility, Disease management rate; Thus reduce pesticide residue on panax ginseng amount to greatest extent, and improve the seed output and quality of ginseng, improve ginseng quality, improve its medical value.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
Plant a soil Optimum Cultivation method for ginseng, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) addressing: first select high-land, that the soil is porous is fertile, water holding capacity is strong, well-drained mountain region, soil is have granular structure containing the loess alive of sand;
(2) soil environment is cultivated: regulate soil pH value to be 7.0 ~ 8.2, use after mixing with 5 times of volume fine earths after Cosan is sieved, except regulating soil pH value with Cosan, Cosan is then better with peat composed of rotten mosses mixing application effect, or use pine needle to coordinate Cosan to improve soil, wherein pine needle, original soil, muck, Cosan are according to ratio of weight and number 2:3:1:2, or apply in soil saw not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss and Cosan carry out soil melioration, wherein saw not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss and Cosan ratio of weight and number be 1:1:1:2;
Increase soil organic matter content: the field planting ditch digging wide 50cm, dark 40cm, organic matter, fertilizer, original soil are improved the soil in the ratio of 1:1:1, organic matter uses the acid peat composed of rotten mosses, if first January more than must be stacked with sawdust, bark, become thoroughly decomposed completely after decomposing and re-use, as employment domestic animals manure become thoroughly decomposed or straw leaf rot to become thoroughly decomposed after the natural fertilizers that formed, note not mixing ash, lime alkaline matter, content reaches more than 3% ~ 5%, to increase the permeability of soil;
Soil covers: can carry out after soil covers seedling planting, by covering uniform fold at bed surface, wide 1 meter, thick 5 ~ 10 centimetres, cover 2 cm thicks more every year later, to keep original thickness, the new sawdust decomposed if application is not rotted, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 50% need be enriched, rot the sawdust decomposed, nitrogen fertilizer amount should correspondingly reduce, cover unregistered land film and can prevent soil water evaporation, control weeds, improve ground temperature, preferably the orchard of drip irrigation facility is being had to apply, cover unregistered land film and cover the organic matter better or front weed killer herbicide of field planting of effect that combines and kill weeds, entirely cultivate field after field planting and sow green manure Trifolium repense, the leguminous plants such as red clover, field can be covered completely after March, soil fertility can be increased again,
(3) plant: first ridging, row spacing 1-1.2m, opens cave according to seeding row spacing 0.2-0.4 rice, and select the raw seedling of 3-4 to transplant, selecting wet weather situation when transplanting seedling, take cloudy day as the best;
(4) cover: be 500-1000mgL by the tree deciduous leaf spraying concentration gathered in advance
-1thiophanate methyl or carbendazim and 200-500mgL
-1the disinfection of pungent sulphur spirit solution, within 2-3 days after seedling is transplanted, to be sprinkled upon uniformly by fallen leaves and to have planted in the soil of ginseng, thickness is 2-3cm, is advisable with micro-seedling that exposes;
(5) growing season management: supplement before ginseng germinates every year and cover forest humus, the thickness of this layer is made to remain at about 15cm, the amount that can add superphosphate in the soil filled into is 5-17kg/ mu or chicken manure 120-1200kg/ mu or pig manure 200-1500kg/ mu, make soil with organic matter content reach more than 4%, unit weight is less than 0.8; And spraying concentration is 500-100mgL
-1thiophanate methyl or carbendazim and 200-500mgL
-1pungent sulphur spirit solution carry out spray disinfection process; And then the tree deciduous leaf covered through disinfecting; The condition such as the moisture in process of growth, temperature, illumination manages in conventional manner.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) adopt this technology plantation ginseng to greatly reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect in vegetative period, damage by disease and insect incidence reduces by 20%, and soil fertility improves 13%, and production has important using value.
(2) decrease the consumption of agricultural chemicals in vegetative period, thus reduce pesticide residue on panax ginseng amount to greatest extent.
(3) seed output and quality of ginseng is all improved, and the quality of ginseng is improved, and the medical value of plantation ginseng is out closer to wild-growing ginseng.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
embodiment 1
Plant a soil Optimum Cultivation method for ginseng, comprise the following steps:
(1) addressing: first select high-land, that the soil is porous is fertile, water holding capacity is strong, well-drained mountain region, soil is have granular structure containing the loess alive of sand;
(2) soil environment is cultivated: soil environment is cultivated: regulate soil pH value to be 7.0 ~ 8.2, use after mixing with 5 times of volume fine earths after Cosan is sieved, except regulating soil pH value with Cosan, Cosan is then better with peat composed of rotten mosses mixing application effect, or use pine needle to coordinate Cosan to improve soil, wherein pine needle, original soil, muck, Cosan is according to ratio of weight and number 2:3:1:2, or apply saw in soil not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss and Cosan carry out soil melioration, wherein saw not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, the ratio of weight and number of liver moss and Cosan is 1:1:1:2,
Increase soil organic matter content: the field planting ditch digging wide 50cm, dark 40cm, organic matter, fertilizer, original soil are improved the soil in the ratio of 1:1:1, organic matter uses the acid peat composed of rotten mosses, if first January more than must be stacked with sawdust, bark, become thoroughly decomposed completely after decomposing and re-use, as employment domestic animals manure become thoroughly decomposed or straw leaf rot to become thoroughly decomposed after the natural fertilizers that formed, note not mixing ash, lime alkaline matter, content reaches more than 3% ~ 5%, to increase the permeability of soil;
Soil covers: can carry out after soil covers seedling planting, by covering uniform fold at bed surface, wide 1 meter, thick 5 ~ 10 centimetres, cover 2 cm thicks more every year later, to keep original thickness, the new sawdust decomposed if application is not rotted, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 50% need be enriched, rot the sawdust decomposed, nitrogen fertilizer amount should correspondingly reduce, cover unregistered land film and can prevent soil water evaporation, control weeds, improve ground temperature, preferably the orchard of drip irrigation facility is being had to apply, cover unregistered land film and cover the organic matter better or front weed killer herbicide of field planting of effect that combines and kill weeds, entirely cultivate field after field planting and sow green manure Trifolium repense, the leguminous plants such as red clover, field can be covered completely after March, soil fertility can be increased again,
(3) plant: first ridging, row spacing 1m, opens cave according to seeding row spacing 0.2 meter, selects 3 years raw seedlings to transplant, and selecting wet weather situation when transplanting seedling, take cloudy day as the best;
(4) cover: be 500mgL by the tree deciduous leaf spraying concentration gathered in advance
-1thiophanate methyl or carbendazim and 500mgL
-1the disinfection of pungent sulphur spirit solution, within 2 days after seedling is transplanted, to be sprinkled upon uniformly by fallen leaves and to have planted in the soil of ginseng, thickness is 2cm, is advisable with micro-seedling that exposes;
(5) growing season management: supplement before ginseng germinates every year and cover forest humus, the thickness of this layer is made to remain at about 15cm, the amount that can add superphosphate in the soil filled into is 5-17kg/ mu or chicken manure 120-1200kg/ mu or pig manure 200-1500kg/ mu, make soil with organic matter content reach more than 4%, unit weight is less than 0.8; And spraying concentration is 500mgL
-1thiophanate methyl or carbendazim and 500mgL
-1pungent sulphur spirit solution carry out spray disinfection process; And then the tree deciduous leaf covered through disinfecting; The condition such as the moisture in process of growth, temperature, illumination manages in conventional manner.
embodiment 2
Plant a soil Optimum Cultivation method for ginseng, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) addressing: first select high-land, that the soil is porous is fertile, water holding capacity is strong, well-drained mountain region, soil is have granular structure containing the loess alive of sand;
(2) soil environment is cultivated: regulate soil pH value to be 7.0 ~ 8.2, use after mixing with 5 times of volume fine earths after Cosan is sieved, except regulating soil pH value with Cosan, Cosan is then better with peat composed of rotten mosses mixing application effect, or use pine needle to coordinate Cosan to improve soil, wherein pine needle, original soil, muck, Cosan are according to ratio of weight and number 2:3:1:2, or apply in soil saw not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss and Cosan carry out soil melioration, wherein saw not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss and Cosan ratio of weight and number be 1:1:1:2;
Increase soil organic matter content: the field planting ditch digging wide 50cm, dark 40cm, organic matter, fertilizer, original soil are improved the soil in the ratio of 1:1:1, organic matter uses the acid peat composed of rotten mosses, if first January more than must be stacked with sawdust, bark, become thoroughly decomposed completely after decomposing and re-use, as employment domestic animals manure become thoroughly decomposed or straw leaf rot to become thoroughly decomposed after the natural fertilizers that formed, note not mixing ash, lime alkaline matter, content reaches more than 3% ~ 5%, to increase the permeability of soil;
Soil covers: can carry out after soil covers seedling planting, by covering uniform fold at bed surface, wide 1 meter, thick 5 ~ 10 centimetres, cover 2 cm thicks more every year later, to keep original thickness, the new sawdust decomposed if application is not rotted, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 50% need be enriched, rot the sawdust decomposed, nitrogen fertilizer amount should correspondingly reduce, cover unregistered land film and can prevent soil water evaporation, control weeds, improve ground temperature, preferably the orchard of drip irrigation facility is being had to apply, cover unregistered land film and cover the organic matter better or front weed killer herbicide of field planting of effect that combines and kill weeds, entirely cultivate field after field planting and sow green manure Trifolium repense, the leguminous plants such as red clover, field can be covered completely after March, soil fertility can be increased again,
(3) plant: first ridging, row spacing 1.2m, opens cave according to seeding row spacing 0.4 meter, selects 4 years raw seedlings to transplant, and selecting wet weather situation when transplanting seedling, take cloudy day as the best;
(4) cover: be 1000mgL by the tree deciduous leaf spraying concentration gathered in advance
-1thiophanate methyl or carbendazim and 200mgL
-1the disinfection of pungent sulphur spirit solution, within 3 days after seedling is transplanted, to be sprinkled upon uniformly by fallen leaves and to have planted in the soil of ginseng, thickness is 3cm, is advisable with micro-seedling that exposes;
(5) growing season management: supplement before ginseng germinates every year and cover forest humus, the thickness of this layer is made to remain at about 15cm, the amount that can add superphosphate in the soil filled into is 5-17kg/ mu or chicken manure 120-1200kg/ mu or pig manure 200-1500kg/ mu, make soil with organic matter content reach more than 4%, unit weight is less than 0.8; And spraying concentration is 1000mgL
-1thiophanate methyl or carbendazim and 200mgL
-1pungent sulphur spirit solution carry out spray disinfection process; And then the tree deciduous leaf covered through disinfecting; The condition such as the moisture in process of growth, temperature, illumination manages in conventional manner.
embodiment 3
Plant a soil Optimum Cultivation method for ginseng, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) addressing: first select high-land, that the soil is porous is fertile, water holding capacity is strong, well-drained mountain region, soil is have granular structure containing the loess alive of sand;
(2) soil environment is cultivated: soil environment is cultivated: regulate soil pH value to be 7.0 ~ 8.2, use after mixing with 5 times of volume fine earths after Cosan is sieved, except regulating soil pH value with Cosan, Cosan is then better with peat composed of rotten mosses mixing application effect, or use pine needle to coordinate Cosan to improve soil, wherein pine needle, original soil, muck, Cosan is according to ratio of weight and number 2:3:1:2, or apply saw in soil not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss and Cosan carry out soil melioration, wherein saw not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, the ratio of weight and number of liver moss and Cosan is 1:1:1:2,
Increase soil organic matter content: the field planting ditch digging wide 50cm, dark 40cm, organic matter, fertilizer, original soil are improved the soil in the ratio of 1:1:1, organic matter uses the acid peat composed of rotten mosses, if first January more than must be stacked with sawdust, bark, become thoroughly decomposed completely after decomposing and re-use, as employment domestic animals manure become thoroughly decomposed or straw leaf rot to become thoroughly decomposed after the natural fertilizers that formed, note not mixing ash, lime alkaline matter, content reaches more than 3% ~ 5%, to increase the permeability of soil;
Soil covers: can carry out after soil covers seedling planting, by covering uniform fold at bed surface, wide 1 meter, thick 5 ~ 10 centimetres, cover 2 cm thicks more every year later, to keep original thickness, the new sawdust decomposed if application is not rotted, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 50% need be enriched, rot the sawdust decomposed, nitrogen fertilizer amount should correspondingly reduce, cover unregistered land film and can prevent soil water evaporation, control weeds, improve ground temperature, preferably the orchard of drip irrigation facility is being had to apply, cover unregistered land film and cover the organic matter better or front weed killer herbicide of field planting of effect that combines and kill weeds, entirely cultivate field after field planting and sow green manure Trifolium repense, the leguminous plants such as red clover, field can be covered completely after March, soil fertility can be increased again,
(3) plant: first ridging, row spacing 1.1m, opens cave according to seeding row spacing 0.3 meter, selects 4 years raw seedlings to transplant, and selecting wet weather situation when transplanting seedling, take cloudy day as the best;
(4) cover: be 800mgL by the tree deciduous leaf spraying concentration gathered in advance
-1thiophanate methyl or carbendazim and 300mgL
-1the disinfection of pungent sulphur spirit solution, within 3 days after seedling is transplanted, to be sprinkled upon uniformly by fallen leaves and to have planted in the soil of ginseng, thickness is 2.5cm, is advisable with micro-seedling that exposes;
(5) growing season management: supplement before ginseng germinates every year and cover forest humus, the thickness of this layer is made to remain at about 15cm, the amount that can add superphosphate in the soil filled into is 5-17kg/ mu or chicken manure 120-1200kg/ mu or pig manure 200-1500kg/ mu, make soil with organic matter content reach more than 4%, unit weight is less than 0.8; And spraying concentration is 800mgL
-1thiophanate methyl or carbendazim and 300mgL
-1pungent sulphur spirit solution carry out spray disinfection process; And then the tree deciduous leaf covered through disinfecting; The condition such as the moisture in process of growth, temperature, illumination manages in conventional manner.
Adopt above-mentioned planting patterns: damage by disease and insect incidence reduces by 20%, soil fertility improves 13%, and production has important using value.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. plant a soil Optimum Cultivation method for ginseng, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) addressing: first select high-land, that the soil is porous is fertile, water holding capacity is strong, well-drained mountain region, soil is have granular structure containing the loess alive of sand;
(2) soil environment is cultivated: regulate soil pH value to be 7.0 ~ 8.2, use after mixing with 5 times of volume fine earths after Cosan is sieved, except regulating soil pH value with Cosan, or Cosan mixes with the peat composed of rotten mosses to use and carries out soil melioration, or use pine needle to coordinate Cosan, original soil, muck is improved soil, wherein pine needle, original soil, muck, Cosan is according to ratio of weight and number 2:3:1:2, or apply sawdust in soil, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss and Cosan carry out soil melioration, wherein sawdust, the peat composed of rotten mosses, the ratio of weight and number of liver moss and Cosan is 1:1:1:2,
Increase soil organic matter content: the field planting ditch digging wide 50cm, dark 40cm, organic matter, fertilizer, original soil are improved the soil in the ratio of 1:1:1, organic matter uses the acid peat composed of rotten mosses, if first more than 1 month must be stacked with sawdust, bark, become thoroughly decomposed completely after decomposing and re-use, as employment domestic animals manure become thoroughly decomposed or straw leaf rot to become thoroughly decomposed after the natural fertilizers that formed, note not mixing ash, lime alkaline matter, content reaches 3% ~ 5%, to increase the permeability of soil;
Soil covers: can carry out after soil covers seedling planting, by covering uniform fold at bed surface, wide 1 meter, thick 5 ~ 10 centimetres, cover 2 cm thicks more every year later, to keep original thickness, the new sawdust decomposed if covering application is not rotted, need enrich the nitrogenous fertilizer of 50%, the sawdust decomposed if application is rotted, nitrogen fertilizer amount should correspondingly reduce; Or cover unregistered land film, can prevent soil water evaporation, control weeds, improving ground temperature, is having the orchard of drip irrigation facility to apply; Or cover unregistered land film and to cover the organic matter effect that combines better; Or weeds killed by the front weed killer herbicide of field planting, entirely cultivate field after field planting and sow green manure leguminous plant Trifolium repense, red clover, field can be covered completely after 3 months, can soil fertility be increased again;
(3) plant: first ridging, row spacing 1-1.2m, opens cave according to seeding row spacing 0.2-0.4 rice, selects the raw seedling of 3-4 to transplant, selects wet weather when transplanting seedling;
(4) cover: be 500-100mgL by the tree deciduous leaf spraying concentration gathered in advance
-1thiophanate methyl or carbendazim and 200-500mgL
-1the disinfection of pungent sulphur spirit solution, within 2-3 days after seedling is transplanted, to be sprinkled upon uniformly by fallen leaves and to have planted in the soil of ginseng, thickness is 2-3cm, micro-ly exposes seedling;
(5) growing season management: supplement before ginseng germinates every year and cover forest humus, the thickness of forest humus layer is made to remain at about 15cm, in the soil filled into, add superphosphate or chicken manure or pig manure, make soil with organic matter content reach more than 4%, unit weight is less than 0.8; And spraying concentration is 500-100mgL
-1thiophanate methyl or carbendazim and 200-500mgL
-1pungent sulphur spirit solution carry out spray disinfection process; And then the tree deciduous leaf covered through disinfecting; Moisture in process of growth, temperature, illumination condition manage in conventional manner; Sterilization in step (4) and the dosage of sterilization are for infiltrating soil 1-2 centimetre, and the amount adding superphosphate in step (5) is 5-17kg/ mu or chicken manure 120-1200kg/ mu or pig manure 200-1500kg/ mu.
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| CN103918434A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-07-16 | 郑兴义 | High-yield cultivation method for eleutherococcus senticosus |
| CN104094746A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-15 | 钓鱼台医药集团吉林天强制药股份有限公司 | Ginseng cultivation method |
| CN104488532A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-08 | 广西乐业县顾式茶有限公司 | Method for space auxiliary sterilization of livestock houses by natural fragrance of grasses and flowers |
| CN107027478A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-08-11 | 吉林省研田人参栽培研究院有限公司 | A kind of utilization illite improved soil and the method for planting ginseng |
| CN109006293A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-12-18 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Ginseng cool canopy rain-proof cultural method |
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