CN104115664A - Method for interplanting ecological pasture grasses and cotton trees - Google Patents
Method for interplanting ecological pasture grasses and cotton trees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for interplanting ecological pasture grasses and cotton trees includes the steps of growing seedlings, interplanting, managing and protecting the cotton trees, managing, protecting and using the ecological pasture grasses, and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests. The ecological pasture grasses comprise Neonotonia Wightii (Wight&Arn.) Lackey cv.Tinaroo and Stylosanthes, in the interplanting process, a row of Stylosanthes seedlings is planted in ecological pasture grass planting holes closest to a cotton tree planting pond, and the Neonotonia Wightii (Wight&Arn.) Lackey cv.Tinaroo seedlings are planted in the other ecological pasture grass planting holes, the excellent Neonotonia Wightii (Wight&Arn.) Lackey cv.Tinaroo can be used in an interplanted mode, and the defect that extending vines of vine crops in the genus of the Neonotonia Wightii (Wight&Arn.) Lackey cv.Tinaroo are prone to invading and winding around cotton tree bodies to affect growth of the cotton tree bodies is overcome. The mown Neonotonia Wightii (Wight&Arn.) Lackey cv.Tinaroo can serve as fodder and besides can be turned over below the cotton trees to serve as fertilizer. Total nitrogen and organic substances in soil can be increased, the cotton trees grow remarkably, incomes of the ecological pasture grasses are increased, economic benefits and ecological benefits are particularly remarkable, chemical fertilizer and labor cost can be saved, the economic income per unit area is increased, and efficient construction of conceding the land to forestry of the cotton trees is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to self-employed tree cultivator's crop-planting technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method of planting between ecological herbage and kapok tree.
Background technology
Kapok (Gossampianus malabarica) is Bombacaceae (Gossampianus malabarica) Gossampinus (Gossampianus) plant, fallen leaves megaphanerophyte, and the height of tree can reach 15-20 rice.Have another name called Panzhihua, originate in South America.It is a kind of good flower trees, it is not only applicable to green the sprouting in flower garden beautifies, and also can be used as senior street tree, is distributed widely in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, South Guangdong and Hainan of China, be born in dry-hot valley or low mountains and hills secondary forest more, also normal scattered by village's wing.At dry-hot valley, at the beginning of the florescence of kapok is generally by the end of December to 3 month, kapok whole body is precious, and it spends sweet, light, cool, on dining table, with kapok petal, can be cooked into dish, and the inflorescence of kapok or fiber can be made the inserts of pillow, bedding, very soft comfortable; Its bark have dispel rheumatism, the function of activating blood circulation and reducing swelling, the function that root has eliminating stagnation to stop pain.At present, artificial planting is mainly used in conceding the land to forestry and grass project and landscape construction, because Moringa tree is tall and big arbor species, there are easily raw weeds of sylvan life between seeding row spacing in conventional cultivation method, not only for field, manage and protect and bring too much weeding cost, soil is also not fully utilized, and soil fertility is not enough, kapok tree biological yield increases defect and deficiency little, that productivity effect can not get efficient performance.
Carrying Na Luoxinnuodun beans [Neonotonia Wightii (Wight & Arn.) Lackey cv.Tinaroo] is perennial herb, rise former in Africa, for the torrid zone, legume-pintoi is careless, because it has higher forage yield, good palatability and the high feature Er Yu Kenya of seed production introduces a fine variety to various places, China introduced from Australia in nineteen eighty-three.1988 Nian06Yue Cong Yunnan Province leimocole research institute of Hot Area Ecological Agriculture Institute of Yunnan Agricultural Academy introduce this grass seeds, through showing that in Jinshajiang Dry-hot Valley In Yunnan introduction and Experiment it has very strong adaptability for many years.Practice for many years shows, carry Na Luoxinluodun beans happiness tropical climate, barren-resistant and alkali, acid, infertile soil earth, strong adaptability, the torrid zone more than year precipitation 600mm, all can well grow in subtropical zone, late November starts to bloom, ripe at the beginning of 1 month late December, aggressiveness is strong, after cover degree >80%, without any weeds, invade, belong to vine crops, tendril natural propagation is rapid, resistance to cradling, regeneration capacity is strong, general plantation can cradle 1 time then, Second Year can cradle 2-3 time, the food value of leaf is soft, crude fiber content is low, leaf amount is large, sheep, rabbit, chicken, duck, the livestock and poultry happiness foods such as goose, good palatability, carry Na Luoxinluodun beans forage yield high, per hectare hay yield 5000-10000kg, can anti-impact consolidate soil, and main root buries deeply, 2 years main roots >100cm that buries, the root system >180 bar within the scope of 40cm soil layer on soil vertical section, drought resisting is high temperature resistant, and except arid hillside field severe drought season is withered, winter drought is sprouted after spring and turned green, and the better location of water conservancy condition can keep viridescent and output the whole year.
The feature such as khuskhus (Stylosanthes spp.) has fixed nitrogen, fast-growing, resistance toly cuts, applicability, drought resistance are strong, important leguminous forage and the forage plant in tropical and subtropical region of the livestock and poultry happiness foods such as ox, sheep, good palatability is the good forage of suitable dry-hot valley arid hillside field plantation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is provides a kind of increase soil fertility for conceding the land to forestry and grass project kapok tree or ecological herbage establishing in large scale and construction, improve kapok biological yield, reduce work hours, improve land utilization rate, the method for planting between a kind of ecological herbage of the increase Land Units area output value and kapok tree.
The method of planting between a kind of ecological herbage provided by the present invention and kapok tree, comprises the following steps:
(1) grow seedlings
1. kapok grows seedlings
Growing seedlings of kapok seed grown seedlings and proposed sowing the previous year than ecological herbage, 5 annual～July, grow seedlings, kapok seed is with adopting with broadcasting, before sowing, kapok seed is put into 25% carbendazim 600-800 times liquid and soak 6h～12h, then with clear water, rinse well, dry rear sowing, or with 50 ℃ of water seed soaking 23h～24h, naturally cooling rear sowing; During sowing by the railway carriage or compartment face of kapok seed broadcasting nursery, after planting in 5d～7d, above the face of railway carriage or compartment, build that to cover shading rate be 50%～75% sunshade net, 28d～32d after kapok comes up, with mass fraction, be that the l% night soil water that becomes thoroughly decomposed drenches and to execute 1 time, kapok growth of seedling is to 38d～42d, with mass fraction, is that 3%～5% night soil water pouring of becoming thoroughly decomposed is executed 1 time, kapok growth of seedling is to 68d～72d, with mass fraction, is that 5%～8% night soil water that becomes thoroughly decomposed drenches and executes 1 time;
2. ecological herbage grows seedlings
Described ecological herbage is for carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans and khuskhus, carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans seed and Stylo seed all grows seedlings the 4～May in the same year, before growing seedlings, first with 80 ℃ of water, will carry Na Luoxinluodun beans seed and Stylo seed immersion 2min～4min respectively, water drain rear with sand or cross aperture be 1-3mm sieve dry ground respectively with carry Na Luoxinluodun beans seed and Stylo seed and puddle, while puddling, sand or described dry ground are 2:1 with the volume ratio of carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans seed, the volume ratio of sand or described dry ground and Stylo seed is 2:1, the Na Luoxinluodun beans seed of carrying of having puddled sand or described dry ground is sown in respectively on the different railway carriage or compartments face of nursery with the Stylo seed of having puddled sand or described dry ground, the seeding quantity of carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans seed is every square meter 13g～15g, the seeding quantity of Stylo seed is every square meter 8g～10g, two kinds of seeds are after planting distinguished the thick 1～2cm of earthing, cover hay, water permeable, in two kinds of seeds after planting 10 days all every day trickle once, after two kinds of seed sproutings, all remove the hay of covering, and on the railway carriage or compartment face of growing seedlings of two kinds of seeds, all to build shading rate be 50%～75% sunshade net,
(2) between, planting ground prepares
1. by kapok sapling seeding row spacing, be 350cm * 700cm, dig length and width, be the kapok plantation pool of 60cm * 60cm * 70cm deeply, earthen backfill is mixed in kapok tree is planted the pool as base manure after mixing with farmyard manure 3kgHe composite fertilizer 0.2kg in every pool; N>=15% in described composite fertilizer, P
2o
5>=15%, K
2o>=15%;
2. kapok sapling, dig ecological forage seeds plant hole in the ranks, dig and turn over kapok sapling before ecological forage seeds plant hole to plough native 30cm ± 3cm in the ranks dark and admix farmyard manure and composite fertilizer is base fertilizer, the consumption of farmyard manure is 10000～15000kg/hm
2, the consumption of composite fertilizer is 200～400kg/hm
2, described composite fertilizer and (2) 1. described composite fertilizer are identical; The seeding row spacing of ecological herbage is 50cm * 100cm, the length and width of ecological forage seeds plant hole, is 10cm * 10cm * 10cm deeply;
(3) between, plant
Implantation time is chosen in 6～July of rainy season that ecological grass seed is grown seedlings then, kapok sapling, Na Luoxinluodun bean seedlings and khuskhus seedling are planted simultaneously, kapok tree seed is implanted in the kapok plantation pool, in the ecological forage seeds plant hole on the most close kapok plantation pool, plant a line khuskhus seedling, in remaining ecological forage seeds plant hole, Na Luoxinluodun bean seedlings are carried in plantation;
(4) kapok tree manages and protects
1. kapok tree seed is planted water and fertilizer management then
Kapok tree seed was watered once every 7～10 days after planting, until survive; Autumn, impose mixed once fertilizer, described mixing Fei You composite fertilizer with containing N amount, be 46% urea in mass ratio for 1:1 mixes, N:P in described composite fertilizer
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 10:10:10, and mixing fertile consumption is 40～50g/ strain, and fertilizing type is that described mixing fertilizer is applied digging apart from kapok tree trunk 20～30cm root the arc ditch that 20～30cm is dark;
Managing and protecting in each year that 2. October then of kapok tree plantation and kapok tree are grown later
In each year of growing after the October then of planting in kapok tree and kapok tree, when soil moisture content is less than 3%, waters and make soil moisture content>=3%; In each year of growing after Second Year and kapok tree after kapok tree plantation respectively, in annual March, July and September, respectively topdress once, fertilizing type is to dig the cave that 20-30cm is dark under every strain kapok tree two opposite sides tree crown drip, urea 50g～55gHe composite fertilizer 50～60g that often to spread manuer in holes into N content be 46%, N:P in described composite fertilizer
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 10:10:10; If in each year of growing after the Second Year after kapok tree plantation and kapok tree, adopt annual July step (5) 3. in ecological pasture utilization II A utilize mode that the Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril of carrying of cutting off is turned over and makes fertilizer, kapok tree is not monthlyly topdressed then July and 9;
(5) ecological herbage managing and protecting and utilizing
1. ecological pasture growing water and fertilizer management then
After ecological pasture growing, every 3～5 days, water once, until survive, afterwards the vegetative period of ecological herbage, when soil moisture content is less than 3%, waters and make soil moisture content >=3%; In step (4), ecological herbage is imposed to mixed once fertilizer when 1. kapok tree chases after application of mixed fertilizers, fertilization mode is between the spacing in the rows of ecological herbage, to dig the cave, the pool that 5～10cm is dark, and described mixing fertilizer is applied in cave, the pool, and mixing fertile consumption is 3～5g/ pool; Described mixing is fertile identical with step (4) the mixing fertilizer that 1. middle kapok tree imposes; November, cradle simultaneously and carry Na Luoxinluodun beans and khuskhus once, while cradling, all each 20～30cm is high for ground Liu Tinaluoxinluodun beans grass layer height and khuskhus grass layer height, after cradling, impose mixed once fertilizer, described mixing fertile with for (4) mixing fertilizer that 1. middle kapok tree imposes identical, the mode that imposes chemical fertilizer after cradling is between the spacing in the rows of ecological herbage, to dig the cave, the pool that 5～10cm is dark, and described mixing fertilizer is applied in cave, the pool, and mixing fertile consumption is 3～5g/ pool;
2. the Second Year of ecological pasture growing and managing and protecting in each year of growth later thereof
At the Second Year of ecological pasture growing and in each year of growth later, when soil moisture content is less than 3%, waters and make soil moisture content >=3%; Annual July and November respectively cradle ecological herbage once, while cradling, carry Na Luoxinluodun beans and khuskhus cradles at every turn simultaneously, while cradling, all each 20～30cm is high for ground Liu Tinaluoxinluodun beans grass layer height and khuskhus grass layer height, cradles the rear mixed once fertilizer that all imposes at every turn; Described mixing is fertile identical with (4) mixing fertilizer that 1. middle kapok tree imposes, the mode that cradles Hou Zhui application of mixed fertilizers is between the spacing in the rows of ecological herbage, to dig the cave, the pool that 5～10cm is dark, described mixing fertilizer is applied in cave, the pool, and mixing fertile consumption is 5～10g/ pool.
3. ecological pasture utilization
A. step (5) is carried Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril and khuskhus for rabbit and the goat fed under 1. cradling November, or shines and make hay;
B. step (5) 2. cradles and lower carry that Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril adopts tendril to turn over to make fertilizer utilization mode or tendril is used as food utilization mode annual July, tendril turns over and makes fertilizer utilization mode and be: the Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril of carrying of cutting off is turned over and makes fertilizer, concrete operations be at relative two lateral extent kapok tree base portion 40cm～50cm places of every strain kapok tree, dig long * wide * be the ditch of 40 * 30 * 30cm deeply, the Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril of carrying cradling is turned over to as fertilizer sources in described ditch, every ditch turns over carries Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril 2kg, if turned over, carry Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril and do to also have the remaining Na Luoxinluodun of carrying beans tendril to make hay for feed rabbit and goat or solarization after fertilizer utilization, tendril as food utilization mode is: the whole Na Luoxinluodun of carrying beans tendrils of cutting off are made to hay for feed rabbit and goat or solarization,
C. step (5) is carried Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril all for rabbit and the goat fed under 2. cradling in annual November, or shines and make hay;
D. the khuskhus of step (5) under 2. cradling in annual July and November be for rabbit and the goat fed, or shine and make hay.
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest and weeding
1. weeding
Plantation was less than the kapok tree growth period of 3 years, and annual weeding 2～3 times, roots out in time to ecological herbage weeds around;
2. the disease control of kapok tree
To the kapok tree of year and a day not after plantation, the prevention of stem rot is that each every mu sprays 800～l000 times of liquid of 15～20 liter of 50% carbendazim spray 1 time respectively at April, May and the June of the Second Year after plantation; To planting rear annual above kapok tree, every year when there is leaf spot, each every mu sprays 800～l000 times of liquid of 25～30 liter of 50% carbendazim spray, at interval of spraying in 5～7 days 1 time, until eliminate leaf spot disease, when kapok tree generation stem rot, each every mu sprays 800～l000 times of liquid of 25～30 liter of 50% carbendazim spray every year, at interval of spraying in 5～7 days 1 time, until eliminate stem rot disease;
3. the pest control of kapok tree
A. the control of aphid damage: while finding that after plantation, the kapok tree of year and a day does not have aphid damage, with 1000～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 5% Imidacloprid missible oil, consumption is each every mu of 15～20 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7～10 days, sprays once until aphid is eliminated; When the more than latter 1 year kapok tree of discovery plantation has aphid damage, with 1000～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 5% Imidacloprid missible oil, consumption is each every mu of 25～30 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7～10 days, sprays once until aphid is eliminated;
B. the control of two spotted spider mite harm: find to plant when the kapok tree of year and a day does not have two spotted spider mite harm, with 1500～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 16.8% dimension azacyclotin wetting powder, consumption is each every mu and sprays 15～20 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7～10 days, sprays once until two spotted spider mite is eliminated; While finding that the more than latter 1 year kapok tree of plantation has two spotted spider mite harm, with 1500～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 16.8% dimension azacyclotin wetting powder, consumption is each every mu and sprays 25～30 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7～10 days, sprays once until two spotted spider mite is eliminated;
C. the control of chafer harm: while finding that after plantation, the kapok tree of year and a day does not have chafer harm, with 1600～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 40% chlorpyrifos ec, consumption is each every mu and sprays 15～20 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7～10 days, sprays once until chafer is eliminated; Find to plant when within 1 year, above kapok tree has chafer harm, with 1600～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 40% chlorpyrifos ec, consumption is each every mu and sprays 25～30 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7～10 days, sprays once until chafer is eliminated;
D. the control of longicorn harm: while finding that there is longicorn harm kapok tree, fill with and kill with 1000 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos crystal, or dip in and soak 1000 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos and fill in worm channel with absorbent cotton, and block up worm channel by wet mudding and kill longicorn.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention is by kapok and ecological herbage intercropping after 2 years, and the ecological herbage of a kind does not increase by 0.003%～0.004% than planting ecological herbage total soil nitrogen between, organicly increases by 0.062%～0.073%, and kapok tree growth increases fast.Between plant and plant kapok and compare with single for 2 years, kapok plant height on average increases 26.5cm.
2, the present invention has saved chemical fertilizer input cost by turning over ecological herbage, saves urea and drops into 2.97kg/ mu, saves composite fertilizer 3.23kg/ mu.Under kapok tree, turn over ecological herbage after 1 year, under kapok tree, turning over ecological herbage does not increase by 0.007%～0.012% than turning over ecological herbage total Phosphorus In Soil, organic increase by 0.116%～0.232%, promoted kapok tree growth, turn over ecological herbage kapok tree and do not compare with turning over ecological herbage kapok, 1 year plant height of kapok strain on average increases 54.8cm.
3, the inventive method, by kind measure between cleverly, is planted a line khuskhus seedling in the ecological forage seeds plant hole on the most close kapok plantation pool, it is blocked and carry Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril natural propagation.In remaining ecological forage seeds plant hole, Na Luoxinluodun bean seedlings are carried in plantation, not only make the good Na Luoxinnuodun beans of carrying plant between being able to and utilize, overcome again that to carry Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril natural propagation rapid, aggressiveness is strong, the tendril of its elongation easily occupies and is wound around kapok tree body, affects defect and the deficiency of its growth.Also reduce manual sorting simultaneously and put forward 200～270 yuan/mu of the inputs of Na Luoxinluodun stem climing production cost.
4, the inventive method economy increases income instant effect.Between plant every mu and can increase by 576～881 yuan of ecological herbage forage grasses; Between plant and turn over every mu of Second Year and can increase by 569.6～874.6 yuan of ecological herbage forage grasses.
Therefore, the inventive method by kapok and carry Na Luoxinluodun beans and khuskhus between plant and every aggregate measures, not only increased the diversity of living species, also increased Forest Soil Fertility, economy and Ecological Effect Yidu are remarkable especially, and the plant height of kapok tree obtains phenomenal growth, have improved the income of unit are, also save management cost and production cost, promoted the efficient construction of kapok in conceding the land to forestry base.
Embodiment
By the following specific examples further illustrate the invention, but embodiment is only for explanation, can not limit the scope of protection of the invention.The raw materials such as the agricultural chemicals that following examples adopt and ecological grass seed, kapok tree seed, fertilizer all can buy from commercial channel.Following embodiment is conventional method without special instruction.
Embodiment 1
Between the present embodiment, plant ecological herbage and aspect ecological pasture utilization, do not adopting the Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril of carrying by cutting off to turn over the measure of making fertilizer.Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) grow seedlings
1. kapok grows seedlings
Growing seedlings of kapok seed grown seedlings and proposed sowing the previous year than ecological herbage, May, grow seedlings, kapok seed is with adopting with broadcasting, before sowing, kapok seed is put into 800 times of liquid of 25% carbendazim and soak 6h, then with clear water, rinse well, dry rear sowing, during sowing by the railway carriage or compartment face of kapok tree seed broadcasting nursery, 7d after planting, above the face of railway carriage or compartment, build that to cover shading rate be 75% sunshade net, 28d after kapok comes up, with mass fraction, be that the l% night soil water that becomes thoroughly decomposed drenches and to execute 1 time, kapok growth of seedling is to 42d, with mass fraction, be that the 3% night soil water that becomes thoroughly decomposed drenches and to execute 1 time, kapok growth of seedling is to 68d, with mass fraction, be that the 5% night soil water that becomes thoroughly decomposed drenches and to execute 1 time.
2. ecological herbage grows seedlings
Described ecological herbage is for carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans and khuskhus, carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans seed and Stylo seed all grows seedlings May, before growing seedlings, first with 80 ℃ of water, will carry Na Luoxinluodun beans seed and Stylo seed immersion 3min respectively, water drain rear with cross directly through be 3mm sieve dry ground respectively with carry Na Luoxinluodun beans seed and Stylo seed and puddle, described in while puddling, dry ground is 2:1 with the volume ratio of carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans seed, the volume ratio of described dry ground and Stylo seed is 2:1, the Stylo seed of carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans seed and having puddled described dry ground of having puddled described dry ground is sown in respectively on the different railway carriage or compartments face of nursery (carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans seed and Stylo seed does not sow at same railway carriage or compartment face), the seeding quantity of carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans seed is every square meter 15g, the seeding quantity of Stylo seed is every square meter 10g, two kinds of seeds are after planting distinguished the thick 1cm of earthing, cover hay, water permeable, in two kinds of seeds after planting 10 days all every day trickle once, after two kinds of seed sproutings, all remove the hay of covering, and on the railway carriage or compartment face of growing seedlings of two kinds of seeds, to build respectively shading rate be 75% sunshade net.
(2) between, planting ground prepares
1. by kapok sapling seeding row spacing, be 350cm * 700cm, dig length and width, be the kapok plantation pool of 60cm * 60cm * 70cm deeply, earthen backfill is mixed in kapok tree is planted the pool as base manure after mixing with farmyard manure 3kgHe composite fertilizer 0.2kg in every pool; N>=15% in described composite fertilizer, P
2o
5>=15%, K
2o>=15%.
2. kapok sapling, dig ecological forage seeds plant hole in the ranks, dig and turn over kapok sapling before ecological forage seeds plant hole to plough native 30cm ± 3cm in the ranks dark and admix farmyard manure and composite fertilizer is base fertilizer, the consumption of farmyard manure is 15000kg/hm
2, the consumption of composite fertilizer is 200kg/hm
2, N>=15% in described composite fertilizer, P
2o
5>=15%, K
2o>=15%; The seeding row spacing of ecological herbage is 50cm * 100cm, the length and width of ecological forage seeds plant hole, is 10cm * 10cm * 10cm deeply.
(3) between, plant
Implantation time is chosen in the July in rainy season that the ecological grass seed of plantation is grown seedlings then, kapok sapling, Na Luoxinluodun bean seedlings and khuskhus seedling are planted simultaneously, kapok tree seed is implanted in the kapok plantation pool, in the ecological forage seeds plant hole on the most close kapok plantation pool, plant a line khuskhus seedling, in remaining ecological forage seeds plant hole, Na Luoxinluodun bean seedlings are carried in plantation.
(4) kapok tree manages and protects
1. kapok tree seed is planted water and fertilizer management then
Kapok tree seed was watered once every 5 days after planting, until survive; Autumn, impose mixed once fertilizer, described mixing Fei You composite fertilizer with containing N amount, be 46% urea in mass ratio for 1:1 mixes, N:P in described composite fertilizer
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 10:10:10, and mixing fertile consumption is 40g/ strain, and fertilizing type is that described mixing fertilizer is applied and dug in the arc ditch that 20～30cm is dark apart from kapok tree trunk 20cm root.
Managing and protecting in each year that 2. October then of kapok tree plantation and kapok tree are grown later
In each year of growing after the October then of planting in kapok tree and kapok tree, when soil moisture content is less than 3%, waters and make soil moisture content>=3%; In each year of growing after Second Year and kapok tree after kapok tree plantation respectively, in annual March, July and September, respectively topdress once, fertilizing type is under every strain kapok tree two opposite sides tree crown drip, to dig 20-30cm deeply to spread manuer in holes into N content be 46% (mass fraction) urea 50gHe composite fertilizer 50g, N:P in described composite fertilizer
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 10:10:10 (N, P in composite fertilizer
2o
5and K
2the percentage of O content is mass fraction).
(5) ecological herbage managing and protecting and utilizing
1. ecological pasture growing water and fertilizer management then
After ecological pasture growing, every 3 days, water once, until survive, afterwards the vegetative period of ecological herbage, when soil moisture content is less than 3%, waters and make soil moisture content >=3%; Step (4) kapok tree manage and protect 1. kapok tree seed plant water and fertilizer management then in kapok tree ecological herbage is imposed to mixed once fertilizer when chasing after application of mixed fertilizers, fertilization mode is between the spacing in the rows of ecological herbage, to dig the cave, the pool that 5～10cm is dark, described mixing fertilizer is applied in cave, the pool, mixing fertile consumption is the 5g/ pool, and described mixing is fertile identical with step (4) the mixing fertilizer that 1. middle kapok tree imposes; November, cradle simultaneously and carry Na Luoxinluodun beans and khuskhus once, while cradling, all each 20～30cm is high for ground Liu Tinaluoxinluodun beans grass layer height and khuskhus grass layer height, after cradling, impose mixed once fertilizer, described mixing fertile with for (4) mixing fertilizer that 1. middle kapok tree imposes identical, the mode that imposes chemical fertilizer after cradling is between the spacing in the rows of ecological herbage, to dig the cave, the pool that 5～10cm is dark, described mixing fertilizer is applied in cave, the pool, and mixing fertile consumption is the 3g/ pool.
2. the Second Year of ecological pasture growing and managing and protecting and utilizing in each year of growth later thereof
At the Second Year of ecological pasture growing and in each year of growth later, when soil moisture content is less than 3%, waters and make soil moisture content >=3%; Annual July and November respectively cradle ecological herbage once, while cradling, carry Na Luoxinluodun beans and khuskhus cradles at every turn simultaneously, while cradling, all each 20～30cm is high for ground Liu Tinaluoxinluodun beans grass layer height and khuskhus grass layer height, cradles the rear mixed once fertilizer that all imposes at every turn; Described mixing is fertile identical with step (4) the mixing fertilizer that 1. middle kapok tree imposes, the mode that cradles Hou Zhui application of mixed fertilizers is between the spacing in the rows of ecological herbage, to dig the cave, the pool that 5～10cm is dark, described mixing fertilizer is applied in this cave, pool, and mixing fertile consumption is the 5g/ pool.
3. ecological pasture utilization
A. step (5) is carried Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril and khuskhus for rabbit and the goat fed under 1. cradling November, or shines and make hay;
B. step (5) 2. cradles and lower carry Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril for rabbit and the goat fed annual July, or hay is made in solarization;
C. step (5) is carried Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril all for rabbit and the goat fed under 2. cradling in annual November, or all shines and make hay;
D. the khuskhus of step (5) under 2. cradling in annual July and November be for rabbit and the goat fed, or all shine and make hay.
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest and weeding
In planting between ecological herbage and kapok tree, main damage by disease and insect is the damage by disease and insect of kapok tree.
1. weeding
Plantation was less than the kapok tree growth period of 3 years, and annual weeding 3 times, roots out in time to ecological herbage weeds around.
2. the disease control of kapok tree
To the kapok tree of year and a day not after plantation, the prevention of stem rot is that each every mu sprays 800 times of liquid of 15 liter of 50% carbendazim spray 1 time respectively at April, May and the June of the Second Year after plantation; To planting rear annual above kapok tree, every year when there is leaf spot, each every mu sprays 800 times of liquid of 25 liter of 50% carbendazim spray (described percentage is mass fraction), at interval of spraying in 5 days 1 time, until eliminate leaf spot disease, when kapok tree generation stem rot, each every mu sprays 800 times of liquid of 25 liter of 50% carbendazim spray every year, at interval of spraying in 5 days 1 time, until eliminate stem rot disease.
3. the pest control of kapok tree
A. the control of aphid damage: while finding that after plantation, the kapok tree of year and a day does not have aphid damage, with 1000 times of liquid spraying controls of 5% Imidacloprid missible oil (described percentage is mass fraction), consumption is each every mu of 15 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7 days, sprays once until aphid is eliminated; When the more than latter 1 year kapok tree of discovery plantation has aphid damage, with 1000 times of liquid spraying controls of 5% Imidacloprid missible oil, consumption is each every mu of 25 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7 days, sprays once until aphid is eliminated.
B. the control of two spotted spider mite harm: find to plant when the kapok tree of year and a day does not have two spotted spider mite harm, with 1500 times of liquid spraying controls of 16.8% dimension azacyclotin wetting powder, described percentage is that (in 16.8% dimension azacyclotin, dimension rhzomorph content is 0.3% to mass fraction, azacyclotin content 16.5%, described percentage is mass fraction), consumption is each every mu and sprays 15 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7 days, sprays once until two spotted spider mite is eliminated; While finding that the more than latter 1 year kapok tree of plantation has two spotted spider mite harm, with 1500 times of liquid spraying controls of 16.8% dimension azacyclotin wetting powder, consumption is each every mu and sprays 25 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7 days, sprays once until two spotted spider mite is eliminated.
C. the control of chafer harm: when the kapok tree of year and a day does not have chafer harm after discovery plantation, with 1600 times of liquid spraying controls of 40% chlorpyrifos ec, consumption is each every mu and sprays 15 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, sprays once until chafer is eliminated every 7 days; Find to plant when within 1 year, above kapok tree has chafer harm, with 1600 times of liquid spraying controls of 40% chlorpyrifos ec, consumption is each every mu and sprays 25 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7 days, sprays once until chafer is eliminated.
D. the control of longicorn harm: while finding that there is longicorn harm kapok tree, with 1000 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos crystal, fill with and kill (described percentage is mass fraction), or dip in and soak 1000 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos and fill in worm channel (described percentage is mass fraction) with absorbent cotton, and with the stifled worm channel poisoning of wet mudding longicorn.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 plants ecological herbage between being, and aspect ecological pasture utilization, adopting the Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril of carrying by cutting off to turn over and make fertilizer, and omitted in each year of growing after October then of kapok tree plantation and kapok tree, monthly do not topdress annual July of kapok tree and 9.Be embodiment 2 except following measures difference, all the other measures are identical with embodiment 1.
Managing and protecting of step (4) kapok tree
2. in managing and protecting in each year of the October then of kapok tree plantation and kapok tree growth later, in each year of growing after Second Year and kapok tree after kapok tree plantation respectively, in annual March, topdress once, and kapok tree is not often monthlyly topdressed July and 9 every year.
The the managing and protecting and utilizing of the ecological herbage of step (5)
3. ecological pasture utilization
B. step (5) 2. cradles the lower Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril employing tendril of carrying annual July and turns over the fertilizer utilization mode of doing, tendril turns over and makes fertilizer utilization mode and be: the Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril of carrying of cutting off is turned over and makes fertilizer, concrete operations be at relative two lateral extent kapok tree base portion 40cm～50cm places of every strain kapok tree, dig long * wide * be the ditch of 40 * 30 * 30cm deeply, the Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril of carrying cradling is turned over to as fertilizer sources in described ditch, every ditch turns over carries Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril 2kg, if turning over after carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril also has the remaining Na Luoxinluodun of carrying beans tendril to make hay for feed rabbit and goat or solarization.
Employing the inventive method manages, and kapok tree can grow to felling, under management condition of the present invention, carries two kinds of ecological herbages of Na Luoxinluodun beans and khuskhus and can grow more than 3 years.
The various embodiments described above effect (referring to table 1-table 6):
1, the present invention, by ecological herbage and kapok intercropping, has effectively improved kapok soil fertility in the ranks, and the ecological herbage of a kind is not planted ecological herbage total soil nitrogen increase by 0.003%～0.004%, organic increase by 0.062%～0.073% between.Between plant and compare with single kind of kapok for 2 years, kapok tree plant height on average increases 26.5cm.Also reduce manual sorting simultaneously and put forward 210～270 yuan/mu of the inputs of Na Luoxinluodun stem climing production cost.
2, the present invention increases soil fertility by turning over ecological herbage, turning over ecological herbage does not increase by 0.007%～0.012% than turning over ecological herbage total Phosphorus In Soil, organic increase by 0.116%～0.232%, promoted kapok tree growth, turn over ecological herbage kapok tree and do not compare with turning over ecological herbage kapok, 1 year plant height of kapok tree on average increases 54.8cm.Not only saved 215～280 yuan/mu of chemical fertilizer input costs, also saved urea and drop into 2.97kg/ mu, composite fertilizer drops into 3.23kg/ mu.
3, the inventive method economy increases income instant effect.Between plant every mu and can increase by 576～881 yuan of ecological herbage forage grasses; Between plant and turn over every mu of Second Year and can increase by 569.6～874.6 yuan of ecological herbage forage grasses.
The ecological herbage of table 1 kapok woodland kind 0-30cm soil layer kapok soil fertility recruitment in the ranks experimental field after 2 years
Table 2 kapok woodland kind and turn over ecological herbage kapok plant height recruitment
Table 3 turns over puies forward Na Luoxinluodun beans soil fertility recruitment under kapok tree after 1 year
Table 4 different disposal forage grass (hay) income (unit: unit/mu)
In the ecological herbage of table 5 kind, khuskhus compares the expenses of labour of using of not column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants saving
| Project | Repeat 1 | Repeat 2 | Repeat 3 | On average |
| Between plant the 1st year (unit/mu) | 280 | 260 | 270 | 270.0 |
| Between plant the 2nd year (unit/mu) | 210 | 220 | 230 | 220.0 |
Table 6 turns over carries Na Luoxinluodun beans than not turning over the Na Luoxinluodun beans saving chemical fertilizer amount of putting forward
| Project | Repeat 1 | Repeat 2 | Repeat 3 | On average |
| Turn over and save urea (kg/ mu) | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.97 |
| Turn over and save composite fertilizer's (kg/ mu) | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.23 |
Claims (1)
1. a method of planting between ecological herbage and kapok tree, comprises the following steps:
(1) grow seedlings
1. kapok grows seedlings
Growing seedlings of kapok seed grown seedlings and proposed sowing the previous year than ecological herbage, 5 annual～July, grow seedlings, kapok seed is with adopting with broadcasting, before sowing, kapok seed is put into 25% carbendazim 600-800 times liquid and soak 6h～12h, then with clear water, rinse well, dry rear sowing, or with 50 ℃ of water seed soaking 23h～24h, naturally cooling rear sowing; During sowing by the railway carriage or compartment face of kapok seed broadcasting nursery, after planting in 5d～7d, above the face of railway carriage or compartment, build that to cover shading rate be 50%～75% sunshade net, 28d～32d after kapok comes up, with mass fraction, be that the l% night soil water that becomes thoroughly decomposed drenches and to execute 1 time, kapok growth of seedling is to 38d～42d, with mass fraction, is that 3%～5% night soil water pouring of becoming thoroughly decomposed is executed 1 time, kapok growth of seedling is to 68d～72d, with mass fraction, is that 5%～8% night soil water that becomes thoroughly decomposed drenches and executes 1 time;
2. ecological herbage grows seedlings
Described ecological herbage is for carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans and khuskhus, carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans seed and Stylo seed all grows seedlings the 4～May in the same year, before growing seedlings, first with 80 ℃ of water, will carry Na Luoxinluodun beans seed and Stylo seed immersion 2min～4min respectively, water drain rear with sand or cross aperture be 1-3mm sieve dry ground respectively with carry Na Luoxinluodun beans seed and Stylo seed and puddle, while puddling, sand or described dry ground are 2:1 with the volume ratio of carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans seed, the volume ratio of sand or described dry ground and Stylo seed is 2:1, the Na Luoxinluodun beans seed of carrying of having puddled sand or described dry ground is sown in respectively on the different railway carriage or compartments face of nursery with the Stylo seed of having puddled sand or described dry ground, the seeding quantity of carrying Na Luoxinluodun beans seed is every square meter 13g～15g, the seeding quantity of Stylo seed is every square meter 8g～10g, two kinds of seeds are after planting distinguished the thick 1～2cm of earthing, cover hay, water permeable, in two kinds of seeds after planting 10 days all every day trickle once, after two kinds of seed sproutings, all remove the hay of covering, and on the railway carriage or compartment face of growing seedlings of two kinds of seeds, all to build shading rate be 50%～75% sunshade net,
(2) between, planting ground prepares
1. by kapok sapling seeding row spacing, be 350cm * 700cm, dig length and width, be the kapok plantation pool of 60cm * 60cm * 70cm deeply, earthen backfill is mixed in kapok tree is planted the pool as base manure after mixing with farmyard manure 3kgHe composite fertilizer 0.2kg in every pool; N>=15% in described composite fertilizer, P
2o
5>=15%, K
2o>=15%;
2. kapok sapling, dig ecological forage seeds plant hole in the ranks, dig and turn over kapok sapling before ecological forage seeds plant hole to plough native 30cm ± 3cm in the ranks dark and admix farmyard manure and composite fertilizer is base fertilizer, the consumption of farmyard manure is 10000～15000kg/hm
2, the consumption of composite fertilizer is 200～400kg/hm
2, described composite fertilizer and (2) 1. described composite fertilizer are identical; The seeding row spacing of ecological herbage is 50cm * 100cm, the length and width of ecological forage seeds plant hole, is 10cm * 10cm * 10cm deeply;
(3) between, plant
Implantation time is chosen in 6～July of rainy season that ecological grass seed is grown seedlings then, kapok sapling, Na Luoxinluodun bean seedlings and khuskhus seedling are planted simultaneously, kapok tree seed is implanted in the kapok plantation pool, in the ecological forage seeds plant hole on the most close kapok plantation pool, plant a line khuskhus seedling, in remaining ecological forage seeds plant hole, Na Luoxinluodun bean seedlings are carried in plantation;
(4) kapok tree manages and protects
1. kapok tree seed is planted water and fertilizer management then
Kapok tree seed was watered once every 7～10 days after planting, until survive; Autumn, impose mixed once fertilizer, described mixing Fei You composite fertilizer with containing N amount, be 46% urea in mass ratio for 1:1 mixes, N:P in described composite fertilizer
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 10:10:10, and mixing fertile consumption is 40～50g/ strain, and fertilizing type is that described mixing fertilizer is applied and dug in the arc ditch that 20～30cm is dark apart from kapok tree trunk 20～30cm root;
Managing and protecting in each year that 2. October then of kapok tree plantation and kapok tree are grown later
In each year of growing after the October then of planting in kapok tree and kapok tree, when soil moisture content is less than 3%, waters and make soil moisture content>=3%; In each year of growing after Second Year and kapok tree after kapok tree plantation respectively, in annual March, July and September, respectively topdress once, fertilizing type is to dig the cave that 20-30cm is dark under every strain kapok tree two opposite sides tree crown drip, urea 50g～55gHe composite fertilizer 50～60g that often to spread manuer in holes into N content be 46%, N:P in described composite fertilizer
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 10:10:10; If in each year of growing after the Second Year after kapok tree plantation and kapok tree, adopt annual July step (5) 3. in ecological pasture utilization II A utilize mode that the Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril of carrying of cutting off is turned over and makes fertilizer, kapok tree is not monthlyly topdressed then July and 9;
(5) ecological herbage managing and protecting and utilizing
1. ecological pasture growing water and fertilizer management then
After ecological pasture growing, every 3～5 days, water once, until survive, afterwards the vegetative period of ecological herbage, when soil moisture content is less than 3%, waters and make soil moisture content >=3%; In step (4), ecological herbage is imposed to mixed once fertilizer when 1. kapok tree chases after application of mixed fertilizers, fertilization mode is between the spacing in the rows of ecological herbage, to dig the cave, the pool that 5～10cm is dark, and described mixing fertilizer is applied in cave, the pool, and mixing fertile consumption is 3～5g/ pool; Described mixing is fertile identical with step (4) the mixing fertilizer that 1. middle kapok tree imposes; November, cradle simultaneously and carry Na Luoxinluodun beans and khuskhus once, while cradling, all each 20～30cm is high for ground Liu Tinaluoxinluodun beans grass layer height and khuskhus grass layer height, after cradling, impose mixed once fertilizer, described mixing fertile with for (4) mixing fertilizer that 1. middle kapok tree imposes identical, the mode that imposes chemical fertilizer after cradling is between the spacing in the rows of ecological herbage, to dig the cave, the pool that 5～10cm is dark, and described mixing fertilizer is applied in cave, the pool, and mixing fertile consumption is 3～5g/ pool;
2. the Second Year of ecological pasture growing and managing and protecting in each year of growth later thereof
At the Second Year of ecological pasture growing and in each year of growth later, when soil moisture content is less than 3%, waters and make soil moisture content >=3%; Annual July and November respectively cradle ecological herbage once, while cradling, carry Na Luoxinluodun beans and khuskhus cradles at every turn simultaneously, while cradling, all each 20～30cm is high for ground Liu Tinaluoxinluodun beans grass layer height and khuskhus grass layer height, cradles the rear mixed once fertilizer that all imposes at every turn; Described mixing is fertile identical with step (4) the mixing fertilizer that 1. middle kapok tree imposes, the mode that cradles Hou Zhui application of mixed fertilizers is between the spacing in the rows of ecological herbage, to dig the cave, the pool that 5～10cm is dark, described mixing fertilizer is applied in cave, the pool, and mixing fertile consumption is 5～10g/ pool;
3. ecological pasture utilization
A. step (5) is carried Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril and khuskhus for rabbit and the goat fed under 1. cradling November, or shines and make hay;
B. step (5) 2. cradles and lower carry that Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril adopts tendril to turn over to make fertilizer utilization mode or tendril is used as food utilization mode annual July, tendril turns over and makes fertilizer utilization mode and be: the Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril of carrying of cutting off is turned over and makes fertilizer, concrete operations be at relative two lateral extent kapok tree base portion 40cm～50cm places of every strain kapok tree, dig long * wide * be the ditch of 40 * 30 * 30cm deeply, the Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril of carrying cradling is turned over to as fertilizer sources in described ditch, every ditch turns over carries Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril 2kg, if turned over, carry Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril and do to also have the remaining Na Luoxinluodun of carrying beans tendril to make hay for feed rabbit and goat or solarization after fertilizer utilization, tendril as food utilization mode is: the whole Na Luoxinluodun of carrying beans tendrils of cutting off are made to hay for feed rabbit and goat or solarization,
C. step (5) is carried Na Luoxinluodun beans tendril all for rabbit and the goat fed under 2. cradling in annual November, or shines and make hay;
D. the khuskhus of step (5) under 2. cradling in annual July and November be for rabbit and the goat fed, or shine and make hay;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest and weeding
1. weeding
Plantation was less than the kapok tree growth period of 3 years, and annual weeding 2～3 times, roots out in time to ecological herbage weeds around;
2. the disease control of kapok tree
To the kapok tree of year and a day not after plantation, the prevention of stem rot is that each every mu sprays 800～l000 times of liquid of 15～20 liter of 50% carbendazim spray 1 time respectively at April, May and the June of the Second Year after plantation; To planting rear annual above kapok tree, every year when there is leaf spot, each every mu sprays 800～l000 times of liquid of 25～30 liter of 50% carbendazim spray, at interval of spraying in 5～7 days 1 time, until eliminate leaf spot disease, when kapok tree generation stem rot, each every mu sprays 800～l000 times of liquid of 25～30 liter of 50% carbendazim spray every year, at interval of spraying in 5～7 days 1 time, until eliminate stem rot disease;
3. the pest control of kapok tree
A. the control of aphid damage: while finding that after plantation, the kapok tree of year and a day does not have aphid damage, with 1000～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 5% Imidacloprid missible oil, consumption is each every mu of 15～20 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7～10 days, sprays once until aphid is eliminated; When the more than latter 1 year kapok tree of discovery plantation has aphid damage, with 1000～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 5% Imidacloprid missible oil, consumption is each every mu of 25～30 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7～10 days, sprays once until aphid is eliminated;
B. the control of two spotted spider mite harm: find to plant when the kapok tree of year and a day does not have two spotted spider mite harm, with 1500～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 16.8% dimension azacyclotin wetting powder, consumption is each every mu and sprays 15～20 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7～10 days, sprays once until two spotted spider mite is eliminated; While finding that the more than latter 1 year kapok tree of plantation has two spotted spider mite harm, with 1500～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 16.8% dimension azacyclotin wetting powder, consumption is each every mu and sprays 25～30 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7～10 days, sprays once until two spotted spider mite is eliminated;
C. the control of chafer harm: while finding that after plantation, the kapok tree of year and a day does not have chafer harm, with 1600～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 40% chlorpyrifos ec, consumption is each every mu and sprays 15～20 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7～10 days, sprays once until chafer is eliminated; Find to plant when within 1 year, above kapok tree has chafer harm, with 1600～2000 times of liquid spraying controls of 40% chlorpyrifos ec, consumption is each every mu and sprays 25～30 hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum liquid, every 7～10 days, sprays once until chafer is eliminated;
D. the control of longicorn harm: while finding that there is longicorn harm kapok tree, fill with and kill with 1000 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos crystal, or dip in and soak 1000 times of liquid of 90% chlorophos and fill in worm channel with absorbent cotton, and block up worm channel by wet mudding and kill longicorn.
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| CN109247110A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-22 | 邯郸市农业科学院 | A kind of plantation of herbage formula low gossypol cotton cradles method |
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