CN103081698A - Degraded soil improving method with stylosanthes guianensis as ecological forage - Google Patents
Degraded soil improving method with stylosanthes guianensis as ecological forage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a degraded soil improving method with stylosanthes guianensis as ecological forage. The JinshaRiver dry-hot valley degraded soil is chosen to be treated with the method. According to the method, thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure and calcium superphosphate are applied during soil preparation, stylosanthes guianensis seedlings are transplanted in the rainy season, urea is further applied for one to two times when the stylosanthes guianensis seedlings germinate, timely drainage is guaranteed in the rainy season and the soil water content is limited below 15%, timely watering is guaranteed in the arid season and the soil water content is kept above 3%, 50% carbendazim wettable powder is used every year to prevent the occurrence of anthracnose, and 20% acetamiprid powder 3000 times liquid is used to kill aphids or armyworms in a spraying mode. According to the ecological characteristic of the Jinsha River dry-hot valley degraded soil, the method fully utilizes characteristics, such as drought-enduring, growing fast, cutting-enduring, strong nitrogen fixing capacity, strong adaptability and extensive management, of the stylosanthes guianensis, soil organic matter, the total nitrogen and available phosphorus content, and soil water contents in soil layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm in the arid season are greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to khuskhus as the method for ecological herbage improvement soil, dependent territory earth improving technology field.
Background technology
The characteristics such as khuskhus (Stylosanthes spp.) has fixed nitrogen, fast-growing, anti-ly cuts, applicability is strong, drought resistance is strong, good palatability is important leguminous forage and the forage plant of tropical and subtropical region of the livestock and poultry happiness foods such as ox, sheep.
Ecological herbage refers to existing ecological protection and restore funcitons, and the herbaceous plant of promoting the Production of Livestock and Poultry effect is arranged again.Its ecological functions show as: as biological control measure, in developing, plays hilly and mountainous land the function that table soil covers, water conservation is admittedly native, check winds and fix drifting sand and prevent and treat loss, as green manure, in the orchard (or bamboo, forest land) interplanting or and shift of crops, by biological nitrogen fixation and eutrophication, play and improve soil structure, the effect of the culture fertility such as increase soil fertility; Its effect as herbage shows as: have stronger adaptability and resistance, can adapt to weather and the soil condition of a given area; Under the normal management cultivation, have higher biological yield, nutrient content and long growth cycle; Can be used as certain class or certain feed herbvore or omnivore, and palatability is better; Can be by mixed seeding or processing as feed ingredient or the additive of livestock.
Soil degradation refers to the process that the soil fertility decline causes productivity to descend.Be the comprehensive characterization that soil environment and soil physical and chemical property worsen, the content of organic matter descends, and nutritive element reduces, and soil structure is destroyed; The soil erosion, soil layer shoals, and the soil body hardens; Soil salinization, acidifying, desertification etc.Wherein, organic decline is the outstanding feature of soil degradation.In arid, semiarid zone, originally sparse vegetation is damaged, and soil desertification is exactly serious soil degradation phenomenon.
Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley is positioned at 25.5 ° ~ 28.0 ° N, 100.3 ° ~ 103.60 ° E, belongs to the south subtropics weather.Average annual rainfall is 558 ~ 801.2mm, and evaporation discharge 2636 ~ 3830mm is 3.0 ~ 6.0 times of rainfall, and high temperature and drought, period of drought reach 6-7 month, and rainfall concentrates for 6 ~ October.Its soil is take dry red soil as main, and a little less than the anti-evaporating ability, dry season, soil drought was quite serious.Rainy season is hot and humid, and decomposition of soil organic matter is exceedingly fast, and can not get replenishing.The soil erosion is serious, the content of organic matter is low, not enough 3g/kg, the sylvan life litter is few, environmental degradation, water and soil loss increasingly sharpens, be that China's ecotope is the most fragile, water and soil loss is the most serious, the zone of soil serious degradation, this not only jeopardizes the sustainable use of local area land resources, also directly threatens the ecological safety of In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River.Therefore, imperative to the improvement work of this zone degenerated soil.
In existing improvement degenerated soil technology, often increase soil fertility, improve soil structure by green manuring, applications of farmyard manure, reach the purpose of improvement degenerated soil, but directly the green manuring improved effect is slow, a large amount of applicationss of farmyard manure exist the higher defective of cost and deficiency, therefore, be necessary to study that a kind of cost is low can comparatively fast increase soil fertility again, reach improvement degenerated soil purpose method.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of not only cost is low, but also a kind of method that improves Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley degenerated soil that can comparatively fast effectively increase soil fertility.For reaching this purpose, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
One, a kind of khuskhus as the method for ecological herbage improvement degenerated soil, comprises the following steps:
(1) Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley degenerated soil is selected in the selection of degenerated soil;
(2) selection of planting plants and transplanting, selecting khuskhus (Stylosanthes spp.) is planting plants, before transplanting, at the described degenerated soil of step (1) in conjunction with apply well-rotted farmyard manure 7500kg/hm wholely
2With superphosphate 300 ~ 375kg/hm
2, dig the field planting pool, the pool is apart from being 50cm * 100cm; Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley rainy season, with the khuskhus transplantation of seedlings in the field planting pool, every pool field planting 2 strains;
(3) field management
1. impose urea 1 ~ 2 time after the khuskhus seedling survives when young leaves is sprouted, impose amount of urea is every pool 0.005kg at every turn, imposes urea interval 15-20 days twice;
2. water drainage in good time and irrigation: timely draining in rainy season, to control soil moisture content and be no more than 15%, arid season in time waters, and keeps soil moisture content to be not less than 3%, and described percentage is mass fraction;
3. intertill removal of impurities: manually cut weeds during intertillage;
4. the extermination of disease and insect pest: spray at every turn and be separated by 10 ~ 15 days with 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazol wettable powder 2 times annual 6 ~ November, prevents the generation of anthracnose; Narrow 3000 times of liquid of pulvis with 20% pyridine worm and spray aphid or mythimna separata to aphid or mythimna separata death annual 10 ~ November, sprayed this liquid interval 5-7 days at every turn, and described percentage is mass fraction.
Two, a kind of method of khuskhus improvement degenerated soil, its step is as follows:
(1) Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley degenerated soil is selected in the selection of degenerated soil;
(2) ditching, before rainy season, at the ditch of the wide 40～45cm of the described degenerated soil ditching of step (1), ditch depth 20～25cm, the spacing between each ditch is 30 ~ 40cm;
(3) turn over khuskhus, during rainy season, the bright grass of the khuskhus cut off is placed in the ditch that step (2) digs, with soil, the khuskhus in this ditch is covered, per hectare degenerated soil applies the bright grass of 15000 ~ 30000kg khuskhus, and the bright grass amount of khuskhus that applies with per hectare degenerated soil determines that the bright grass amount of khuskhus that applies in the bright grass amount of the khuskhus that applies in every ditch and every ditch equates.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the inventive method has taken into full account the ecological environment frailty characteristics of Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley degenerated soil and the crop of selection will adapt to the local area plantation, select the khuskhus plant as improvement degenerated soil plant, take full advantage of the khuskhus drought tolerance in plants, growth rapidly, anti-cutting, nitrogen fixing capacity is strong, applicability is strong, the characteristics of extensive management, in conjunction with other field management technical measures of the present invention, column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants 2 years, one side khuskhus Littoral Barrier, reduced water and soil loss, soil nutrient and retention capacity of soil have been increased substantially, improved degenerated soil, increased on the other hand the output of khuskhus, with the remaining khuskhus livestock of feeding, improve the Land Units area output value, promoted the development of mountain region aquaculture, played the effect of ecological herbage, it is the method that realizes the economy and zoology doulbe-sides' victory.Compared with the control, the soil organic matter on column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample ground of the present invention (processing 1), full nitrogen and available phosphorus content have on average improved respectively 50.8%, 29.2%, 84.9%; Compared with the control, column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample of the present invention ground (processing 1) improved respectively 37.6%, 17.1% in the soil moisture content of dry season 0 ~ 20cm soil layer, 20 ~ 40cm soil layer, produced unforeseeable technique effect.
2, the present invention selects khuskhus and by turning over the khuskhus technical measures, because the khuskhus branches and leaves after turning over rot to become humus, a large amount of humus is mixed with soil, namely improved fast the degenerated soil nutrient in 6 months, improved soil condition, increase soil fertility, turned over khuskhus sample ground (processing 2) soil organic matter of 6 months, full nitrogen, available phosphorus content than on average improving 196.4%, 204.2%, 262.6% respectively without the soil organic matter on column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample ground (contrast), full nitrogen, available phosphorus content; Improve 96.6%, 135.5%, 96.2% than single kind khuskhus (processing 1) soil of 2 years is average respectively, compare compared with the control with column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants (processing 1), all produced rapidly unforeseeable technique effect.
3, the inventive method cost is low and easy to operate.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but do not consist of limiting the scope of the invention.Following examples Stylo seed used, agricultural chemicals 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 20% pyridine worm are narrowed the test materials such as pulvis and are commercially available.
Embodiment 1
Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) selection of degenerated soil selects Jinsha jiang River, Yunnan Province dry-hot valley Yuanmou County gold thunder small watershed sheep to open nest base degenerated soil, is positioned at E101 ° 49 ' 54 " N25 ° 51 ' 09 ", and test relates to degenerated soil area 2hm
2, arrange 2 and process and 1 contrast on this degenerated soil, process 1: the column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants; Process 2: turn over khuskhus; The contrast: without the column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants also without turning over khuskhus (vacant lot).
This test region height above sea level is 1016m, 23.5 ℃ of monthly mean temperatures, 35.9 ℃ of Extreme Maximum Temperatures, 6.6 ℃ of the extreme minimum air temperatures, 27.6 ℃ of average surface temperatures, superlatively show 63.3 ℃ of temperature, 4.9 ℃ of minimum surface temperatures, sunshine duration 3469.2h, monthly relative moisture 53.9%, rainfall 897.0mm, evaporation discharge 2319.9mm is 2.6 times of rainfall.The dry red soil that soil is degenerated with moderate, the moderate degenerated soil content of organic matter is 1% ~ 2%, full nitrogen is 0.05% ~ 0.1%; The heavy-degraded soil organic matter content is 0.5% ~ 1%, and full nitrogen is 0.02% ~ 0.05%.
(2) selection of processing 1 and processing 2 planting plants: all selecting khuskhus (Stylosanthes spp.) is planting plants.
Process 1 and adopt the step following (establishing three repetitions) of Planting Patterns column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants:
1. grow seedlings: in 4 ~ May, select on the sunny side, draining is convenient with irrigation, the deep loose loam of soil layer or sandy loam be as the seedbed, well-rotted farmyard manure 112500 ~ 22500kg/hm is executed on the turned seedling of deep ploughing early spring bed ground
2, superphosphate 225 ~ 450kg/hm
2, hack flattens, and manages into the furrow face of wide 1.5 ~ 2.0m.The Stylo seed hard seed rate reaches more than 90%, and seed is poured in bucket, adds the hot-water soak seed 3 ~ 5 minutes of 80 ℃ in the bucket, makes the seed epidermis softening, seed is put dry in the cool after the water that reduces phlegm and internal heat and is waited to broadcast, seeding quantity 37.5 ~ 49.5kg/hm
2
2. seedling management: be Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley Yuanmou County high temperature and drought period 4 ~ May, and the management of Early seedling stage water is take wet as main.(40 ~ 50d) Ying Qin cut weeds and mend nitrogen fertilizer application 1 time on khuskhus in seedling stage ground, if the weak available urea of seedling is soluble in water, concentration is 0.3% ~ 0.5%, stirring evenly rear pouring executes, drenching clear water every day once keeps ground moistening in order to emerging, remove the straw of covering after emerging and cost sunshade net, preventing burning sun to the infringement of seedling, improving survival rate.
3. transplant khuskhus: before transplanting, at the described degenerated soil of step (1) in conjunction with apply well-rotted farmyard manure 7500kg/hm wholely
2With superphosphate 375kg/hm
2, dig the field planting pool, the pool is apart from being 50cm * 100cm; Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley June in rainy season, in the field planting pool, sufficient normal root water is watered in field planting 2 strains in every pool with the khuskhus transplantation of seedlings;
(3) field management
1. impose urea after the khuskhus seedling survives when young leaves is sprouted 1 time (urea: total nitrogen (take butt) content is 46%, and percentage is mass fraction), impose amount of urea is every pool 0.005kg at every turn;
2. in good time water drainage with irrigate: the drought-enduring but intolerant to waterlogging of khuskhus, Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley concentrates on for 6 ~ October rainy season, so in time draining in rainy season, the control soil moisture content is no more than 15%, can guarantee khuskhus normal growth and output.Arid season (May November to next year) in time waters, and reaches 6 ~ 7 months dry season, therefore should keep soil moisture content to be not less than 3%, can guarantee that khuskhus survives.
3. intertill removal of impurities: khuskhus is to transplant early growth then slower, and weeds are faster than the khuskhus growth usually, therefore, should in time carry out weed control, and favourable khuskhus growth is mainly manually cut weeds when adopting intertillage;
4. the extermination of disease and insect pest: khuskhus is herbaceos perennial, is 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazol wettable powder 2 times annual June with mass fraction, sprays at every turn and is separated by 10 days, prevents the generation of anthracnose; Narrow 3000 times of liquid of pulvis with 20% pyridine worm and spray aphid or mythimna separata to aphid or mythimna separata death annual October, sprays 20% pyridine worm at every turn and narrow the powder medicine liquid phase every 7 days.
(4) cradle khuskhus
When the khuskhus growth surpasses 0.6 ~ 0.8m, liftoff 30cm ± 5cm cradles khuskhus at khuskhus, the bright khuskhus that cradles, and ox and sheep can be used for feeding, can also be for the treatment of 2 described turning in the ditch that khuskhus digs in the degenerated soil of need improvement, with improvement soil.
Process 2 and turn over khuskhus
Process 2 and establish 3 processing by the bright grass amount of the khuskhus that applies in ditch, namely process I, process II, process III, each processes three repetitions.Various processes is as follows:
A, ditching before rainy season, divide the ditch of the wide 45cm of ditching, ditch depth 25cm on the degenerated soil of processing 2 lands used in the described degenerated soil of above-mentioned steps (1), the spacing between each ditch is 30cm, and each ditch evenly distributes at this degenerated soil; According to the gross area of the degenerated soil of need improvement, the width of ditch, ditch spacing can obtain the number (quantity) of ditch.
B, turn over khuskhus, during rainy season, when khuskhus growth 0.6 ~ 0.8m, cradle khuskhus at the liftoff 30cm of khuskhus ± 5cm place, the bright grass of the khuskhus cut off is placed in the ditch that steps A digs, with soil, the khuskhus in this ditch is covered, process I: the bright careless sowing amount of khuskhus is 15000kg//hm
2(three repetitions), process II: the bright careless sowing amount of khuskhus is 22500kg/hm
2(three repetitions), process III: the bright careless sowing amount of khuskhus is 30000kg/hm
2(three times repeat), the bright grass amount of khuskhus that applies with per hectare degenerated soil determine that the bright grass amount of khuskhus that applies in the bright grass amount of the khuskhus that applies in every ditch and every ditch equates.
Result and analysis:
1. soil nutrient is measured:
Gather the soil specimen time: soil specimen collection in 2 years after transplanting the column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants on the soil specimen on column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample ground (processing 1) and contrast ground; Turn over soil specimen collection in 6 months after turning over khuskhus on khuskhus sample ground (processing 2).0.5 ~ 1 kilogram of the soil specimen of every sampling point shoveling earth profile collection, sample presentation to Kunming really your letter agricultural analysis measuring technology Co., Ltd measure according to a conventional method organic (%) in soil specimen, full nitrogen (N, %), the content of available phosphorus (P, mg/kg) (seeing table 1, table 2 for details).
The soil organic matter on column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample ground (processing 1), full nitrogen, available phosphorus content are than on average improving 50.8%, 29.2%, 84.9% respectively without the soil organic matter on column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample ground (contrast), full nitrogen, available phosphorus content, and the method for column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants improvement degenerated soil of the present invention has produced unforeseeable technique effect compared with the control.
Turn over the soil organic matter of khuskhus sample ground (processing 2), full nitrogen, available phosphorus content 6 months namely than without the on average raising 196.4%, 204.2%, 262.6% respectively of the soil organic matter on column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample ground (contrast), full nitrogen, available phosphorus content; Than processing 1 average raising 96.6%, 135.5%, 96.2% respectively, the method that the present invention turns over khuskhus improvement degenerated soil has produced unforeseeable technique effect compared with the control.The method that the present invention turns over khuskhus improvement degenerated soil is compared with column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants (processing 1) and has also been produced unforeseeable technique effect.
2. soil moisture content: column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants Second Year, get respectively column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample ground (processing 1) and without the soil specimen of column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample ground (contrast) 0 ~ 20cm soil layer and the soil specimen of 20 ~ 40cm soil layer in dry season, survey the water content of soil specimen by oven drying method, record: the water content on 0 ~ 20cm soil layer column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample ground (processing 1) is 6.146%, water content without column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample ground (contrast) is 4.467%, the water content on 20 ~ 40cm soil layer column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample ground (processing 1) is 6.105%, water content without column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample ground (contrast) is 5.212%, result shows: column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample ground (processing 1) dry season 0 ~ 20cm soil layer soil moisture ratio without khuskhus plantation sample ground raising 37.6%, without khuskhus plantation sample ground raising 17.1%, show that the water retention capacity of soil is greatly enhanced at 20 ~ 40cm soil layer soil moisture ratio.
3. the bright output of khuskhus: per hectare is produced bright grass 1126.7 ~ 19433.3kg per year, increased feed resource, bright khuskhus can feed ox and sheep, promote the development of aquaculture, played the effect of ecological herbage, both can be used as certain class or certain feed herbvore or omnivore, and reached again the raising soil organic matter, full nitrogen and available phosphorus content, improved retention capacity of soil, the effect of improvement degenerated soil.
Table 1: the dark soil nutrient composition of different sample plots 0 ~ 30cm soil layer (mean value)
Annotate: in table 1, percentage is mass fraction.
Table 2: turn over the dark soil nutrient situation of khuskhus 0 ~ 30cm soil layer (mean value)
Annotate: in table 2, percentage is mass fraction.
As can be seen from the above results, the present invention selects khuskhus and passes through column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants plant and cultivation technique measure, advantageously improved degenerated soil, column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants 2 years, increase substantially soil nutrient and retention capacity of soil, increased khuskhus output, promoted the development of mountain region aquaculture, played the effect of ecological herbage.Compared with the control, the soil organic matter on column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample of the present invention ground (processing 1), full nitrogen and available phosphorus content have on average improved respectively 50.8%, 29.2%, 84.9%, column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample of the present invention ground (process 1) has improved respectively 37.6%, 17.1% in the soil moisture content of dry season 0 ~ 20cm soil layer, 20 ~ 40cm soil layer, has produced unforeseeable technique effect.
The present invention selects khuskhus and by turning over the khuskhus technical measures, 6 months, because the khuskhus branches and leaves after turning over rot to become humus, a large amount of humus is with after soil mixes, improve fast the degenerated soil nutrient, turned over khuskhus sample ground (processing 2) soil organic matter of 6 months, full nitrogen, available phosphorus content than on average improving 196.4%, 204.2%, 262.6% respectively without the soil organic matter on column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants sample ground (contrast), full nitrogen, available phosphorus content; Than single kind khuskhus (processing 1) soil organic matter of 2 years, full nitrogen, available phosphorus content average raising 96.6%, 135.5%, 96.2% respectively, compare compared with the control with column with cultivations of flower or grass flowers and plants (processing 1), all produced unforeseeable technique effect.
Claims (2)
1. a khuskhus is improved the method for degenerated soil as ecological herbage, comprises the following steps:
(1) Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley degenerated soil is selected in the selection of degenerated soil;
(2) selection of planting plants and transplanting, selecting khuskhus (Stylosanthes spp.) is planting plants, before transplanting, at the described degenerated soil of step (1) in conjunction with apply well-rotted farmyard manure 7500kg/hm wholely
2With superphosphate 300～375kg/hm
2, dig the field planting pool, the pool is apart from being 50cm * 100cm; Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley rainy season, with the khuskhus transplantation of seedlings in the field planting pool, every pool field planting 2 strains;
(3) field management
Impose urea 1～2 time when 1. khuskhus seedling young leaves is sprouted, impose amount of urea is every pool 0.005kg at every turn, imposes the urea interval for twice 15～20 days;
2. water drainage in good time and irrigation: the draining in rainy season, to control soil moisture content and be no more than 15%, arid season waters, and keeps soil moisture content to be not less than 3%;
3. intertill removal of impurities: manually cut weeds during intertillage;
4. the extermination of disease and insect pest: 1000～1500 times of liquid sprayings of annual carbendazol wettable powder in 6～November 50% 2 times, each spraying was separated by 10～15 days, prevented the generation of anthracnose; Narrow 3000 times of liquid of pulvis with 20% pyridine worm and spray aphid or mythimna separata to aphid or mythimna separata death annual 10～November, sprays interval 5-7 days at every turn, and the described percentage of each step is mass fraction.
2. the method for khuskhus improvement degenerated soil, its step is as follows:
(1) Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley degenerated soil is selected in the selection of degenerated soil;
(2) ditching, before rainy season, at the ditch of the wide 40～45cm of the described degenerated soil ditching of step (1), ditch depth 20～25cm, the spacing between each ditch is 30～40cm;
(3) turn over khuskhus, during rainy season, the bright grass of khuskhus is placed in the ditch that step (2) digs, with soil, the khuskhus in this ditch is covered, per hectare degenerated soil applies the bright grass of 15000～30000kg khuskhus, and the bright grass amount of khuskhus that applies in every ditch equates.
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| CN104969765A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-10-14 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Cultivation method for interplanting stylosanthes guianensis and annual ryegrass |
| CN107711266A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-02-23 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | A kind of method that tableland tea place interplanting khuskhus reduce loss of soil nutrient |
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