CN101731112B - Water-saving cultivation method of sand rice - Google Patents
Water-saving cultivation method of sand rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN101731112B CN101731112B CN2008102289612A CN200810228961A CN101731112B CN 101731112 B CN101731112 B CN 101731112B CN 2008102289612 A CN2008102289612 A CN 2008102289612A CN 200810228961 A CN200810228961 A CN 200810228961A CN 101731112 B CN101731112 B CN 101731112B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rice cultivation method, in particular to a water-saving cultivation method of sand rice, which is suitable for Khorchin southeast. The method specifically comprises: (1) seedbed land selection, seedbed making, seed selection, sprouting, sowing, and cultivation which can be divided into seedling on upland field and seedling on a bowl disk; (2) seedling cultivation land management: carrying out ventilation acclimatization when rice seedling is at the three-leaf stage, irrigating once every 2-3 days after uncovering a film; and (3) rice seedling transplantation, rice seedling bed management, top application, and weed prevention and cure, wherein the rice seedling transplantation is preferably carried out in the last ten days of May, irrigating for 1.5-3 cm in the field surface is proper, immediately irrigating for 6-9 cm after rice seeding transplantation is preferred, and water-saving irrigation is carried out after regrowing until the seedling is mature. The method of the invention can save cost, lower ground water exploitation and improve the income of local farmers, can generate favorable economic and social benefits and has favorable promotional value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rice cultivating method, a kind of specifically water-saving cultivation method of sand rice that is applicable to the southeast, Horqin.
Background technology
China is the country of a freshwater resources famine, and northern area lack of water situation is more severe, and grain security is the important content of China's national security all the time.As the paddy rice of one of China's staple food crop, gross yield accounts for about 40% of total output of grain.By 2002, the total rice of China made area 2817.7 * 10
4Hm
2, wherein there is 50% rice to make area water resource deficiency, 33% faces the water exhaustion.Therefore, research and development water-saving agriculture, particularly Jie Shui rice cultivating method, conserve water resource not only, and saved the energy and reduced environmental pollution, China is had the important strategic meaning.
The Horqin sand ground belongs to the continental monsoon climatic region in temperate zone, total feature be spring arid windy, sweltering heat in summer, rainwater are concentrated, autumn is nice and cool, the temperature difference is bigger, winter is very long dry and cold.Hydrologic condition is one of area preferably in the national sand ground, the more and surface water of rainfall, rich groundwater.Because the region is wide, thing is long and narrow, is subjected to staggered influence of terrain, latitude and atmospheric circulation etc., makes husky district and weather on every side thereof produce regional difference.Particularly nearer apart from ocean region of Southeast is subject to the influence of moistening air-flow, and average annual precipitation is 300-450mm.
The sand ground southeast, Horqin belongs to the intermediate zone of forest to the grassland, cross region between farmland and grassland, population is comparatively intensive, traditional animal husbandry can not be satisfied the needs of local productivity development fully, therefore, large tracts of land is opened up wasteland the grassland after the seventies, and extensive agricultural production operation becomes the pillar industry of this area.Because some areas subterranean water level is more shallow, and has been developed as the irrigated land, possessed the basis of intensive cultivation, existing peasant's establishing in large scale paddy rice, still, traditional rice cultivating method had both been wasted underground water, Lang Fei electric power resource uprises peasant's production cost again.In view of this area year evaporation discharge about 1700-1800mm, the rice cultivating method that improves water saving becomes a urgent problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of water-saving cultivation method of sand rice.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is according to the following steps:
Water-saving cultivation method of sand rice comprises ground management, the rice transplanting of growing seedlings, grow seedlings, goes out fringe and ripe results, adopts rice seedling on upland field or bowl plate seeding when growing seedlings, and then treats to begin the hardening of ventilating when rice seedling three leaves wholeheartedly, and pours water once in every 2-3 days, uses every 1000m simultaneously
2Apply 30-30.5kg ammonium sulfate (nitrogen content 21%);
During described rice seedling on upland field: at first every 10m
2Apply to the seedbed diammonium phosphate of 350-365g, secondly the seed rice airing after 5-7 days, is immersed in saline solution or the yellow mud water, again the seed rice water that sinks to the bottom is cleaned; Soak seed rice in water 7-8 days once more; Then, treat that the long 1-1.5mm of rice bud makes it drop to 20-22 ℃ 25-28 ℃ of vernalization; Treat seedbed ground surface temperature stabilization at last at 8-10 ℃, the bed of growing seedlings simultaneously waters reveal the exact details water and pH=5-5.5, and every square metre of dried seed of seeding quantity is 0.35-0.365kg, makes seed rice go into seedbed soil 2/3, covers turfy soil 1-1.5cm again; Then every 10m
2The butachlor aqueous solution 0.5-0.8kg of 0.5-1% is sprayed in the seedbed, and the sealing weed eradication covers with the canopy film again;
During described bowl plate seeding: at first every 10m
2Apply to the seedbed diammonium phosphate of 350-365g, secondly the seed rice airing after 5-7 days, is immersed in saline solution or the yellow mud water, again the seed rice water that sinks to the bottom is cleaned; Soak seed rice in water 7-8 days once more; Then, treat that the long 1-1.5mm of rice bud makes it drop to 20-22 ℃ 25-28 ℃ of vernalization; At last in the alms bowl dish with the every bunch planting 2-3 of the seed rice after vernalization grain sowing and the 2/3 nutrition soil of packing into, and then nutrition soil filled the alms bowl dish, and the alms bowl dish is pressed in the seedbed, water the permeable every 10m in back
2The butachlor aqueous solution 0.5-0.8kg of 0.5-1% is sprayed in the seedbed, and the sealing weed eradication covers with the canopy film again.
Ground, seedbed is ground, rural area or the fertile dry land of soil property when described rice seedling on upland field or bowl plate seeding.Seedbed bedside 1.2-1.8m during described rice seedling on upland field, high 0-5cm longly decides on ground, seedbed; Autumn turns over or the spring turns over, and removes rice stubble, dry branches and fallen leaves, harrows broken leveling.The wide 1.8-2.0m in seedbed during described bowl plate seeding longly decide on ground, seedbed, and the autumn turns over or the spring turns over, and removing rice stubble, dry branches and fallen leaves are harrowed broken leveling.The high-quality farmyard manure that nutrition soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed than high-quality soil (peat soil and weathered coal) and the 30-35% of viscosity for mass percent meter: 65-70% during described bowl plate seeding, then mistake 5mm aperture sieve; And add the smart nutritive soil mother agent of 20-22g bed soil in every dish alms bowl dish.During described ventilation hardening fine noon the seedbed lee face push canopy film osculum aside and ventilate, enlarge ventilating opening later on gradually, take off film after 5-7 days, take off behind the film and to pour water once in every 2-3 days, and weed a garden at any time.During described rice transplanting, turn over or the spring turns over every mu and executes farmyard manure 2-3m in conjunction with the autumn
3, broken leveling is harrowed in the soaked field that discharges water, and every mu is executed diammonium phosphate 10-10.5kg, potassium sulphate 6-7kg; The face 1.5-3cm that pours water in field puts seedling, seeding row spacing 9cm * 21cm-9cm * 24cm; The 6-9cm that at once pours water after the rice transplanting, up to slow seedling at this moment rice shoot grow the white root of 3-5 bar; Then carry out water-saving irrigation, last till the paddy maturation; Behind the slow seedling, every mu imposes ammonium sulfate 25-30kg before tillering, and jointing imposes ammonium sulfate 15-20kg in earlier stage, imposes ammonium sulfate 10-15kg booting stage; Before topdressing behind the slow seedling water in field is emitted, every mu of dichloro quinolinic acid 50-55g with mass concentration 50% mixes 10% slow seedling grass jinx 10-12g, converts water 25-26kg spraying, pours water after 2-3 days again.
The advantage that the present invention had:
1. the invention provides two kinds of seedling-cultivating method, simple and feasible, easy operating is selected voluntarily.
2. the present invention has improved local peasant's income, having reduced the needed production cost of conventional rice cultivation method, produced good economic and social benefit, is example with rice varieties XH95-13, under the situation of minimizing 60% of pouring water, this method is than conventional method volume increase 10.2%.
3. the present invention compares with 1000m with the conventional rice planting type
2When can economize on water 2/3-3/4 for example, the consumption of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals has also saved 50%, for local peasant's production provides foundation, and has reduced the phreatic pollution of cross region between farmland and grassland.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 is with 1000m
2The area soil is an example:
1. rice seedling on upland field
1) selection on seedbed ground: select before the room behind the house ground, rural area or the fertile dry land of soil property to grow seedlings, can not grow seedlings in low-lying, saline land.
2) make bed: bedside 1.2-1.8m, high 0-5cm, length is decided on ground, seedbed.Autumn turns over or the spring turns over, and removes rice stubble, dry branches and fallen leaves, every 10m
2Execute diammonium phosphate 350-365g, harrow broken leveling.
3) seed selection vernalization
(1) basks seeds: select calm fine day,, can improve germination vigor seed rice (XH95-13) airing 5-7 days.
(2) seed selection: preparation saline solution or yellow mud water, drop into a new fresh hen egg, its concentration was advisable when egg shell exposed the big small size of dime.Put into seed rice and stir several times, full seed avales, and the empty flat grain of rice emerges and pulls out, and the seed rice water that sinks to the bottom is cleaned to salt-free.
(3) seed soaking: the seed rice of choosing put into the cylinder that is filled with water or put into woven bag and seal sack and put into water, soaked seed 7-8 days, make seed rice suction moisture.
(4) vernalization: if above-mentioned seed quantity of soaking can be placed on vernalization on the fiery pit less, note often stirring, temperature 25-28 ℃, will fall to store up immediately if surpass 28 ℃.Push cooling when the rice bud is long immediately aside to 1-1.5mm, the blastogenesis of control rice is long.
4) sowing
(1) sowing time: treat that seedbed ground surface (the dark soil layer of 5cm) temperature stabilization is the suitable phase of sowing in the time of 8-10 ℃.The mid or late April sowing of area, Tongliao.
(2) type of seeding: the above-mentioned bed of growing seedlings is watered the water of revealing the exact details, evenly puddle acid adjustment soil or transfer to pH=5-5.5 with sulfuric acid, seed rice evenly is sprinkling upon on the bed surface, every m
2The dried seed of seeding quantity is 0.35-0.365kg, must guard against multicast.Pat with broom, make seed bury 2/3, cover disease lid turfy soil 1-1.5cm again.With the butachlor aqueous solution 0.5-0.8kg of 0.5-1%, spray 10m
2Bed surface, the sealing weeds.Carry out overlay film then, necessarily plastic sheeting for farm use is checked before the overlay film, whether hole is arranged, the old plastic sheeting for farm use of especially using, if any hole, useful binders is repaired, and prevents that plastic sheeting for farm use from having the cavity, leaks out in the bed and emerges uneven.
2. management with growing seedlings
Treat to begin when rice seedling three leaves wholeheartedly the hardening of ventilating, select fine day seedbed lee face at noon to push osculum aside and ventilate, enlarge ventilating opening later on gradually.Take off film after 5-7 days.Take off behind the film and to pour water once in every 2-3 days, and weed a garden at any time.Every 10m
2Butachlor aqueous solution 0.5-0.8kg with 0.5-1% topdresses, as accompanying fertilizer.
3. rice transplanting
1) prepare in the rice transplanting field: turn over or the spring turns over every mu and executes farmyard manure (being suitable for various farmyard manures) 2-3m in conjunction with the autumn
3, broken leveling is harrowed in the soaked field that discharges water, and every mu is executed diammonium phosphate 10-10.5kg, potassium sulphate 6-7kg.
2) rice transplanting: be advisable the last ten-days period in may, the face 1.5-3cm that pours water in field puts seedling, and rice shoot is placed in the large-scale plastic basin, slides on the water surface; Note transplanting depth during rice transplanting, shallow more good more, help position, the end and tiller.Seeding row spacing 9cm * 21cm-9cm * 24cm.
3) rice transplanting field management: the 6-9cm that pours water after the rice transplanting at once, up to slow seedling.The performance of slow seedling is that rice shoot grows the white root of 3-5 bar.Carrying out water-saving irrigation behind the slow seedling, pours water 3-4 time in promptly general paddy field, and upland rice is poured water 1 time, lasts till the paddy maturation.
4) topdress in the rice transplanting field: behind the slow seedling, every mu chases after ammonium sulfate 25-30kg before tillering.Jointing imposes ammonium sulfate 15-20kg in earlier stage, imposes ammonium sulfate 10-15kg booting stage.
5) rice transplanting field weed control: medicament weed eradication: before topdressing behind the slow seedling water in field is emitted, every mu of usefulness 50% (mass concentration) dichloro quinolinic acid 50-55g mixes 10% careless jinx 10-12g, converts water 25-26kg spraying, pours water after 2-3 days again, is beneficial to the performance of drug effect.
Artificial uprooting weed: after the medicament weeding, if also have weeds to produce, manually uprooting weed keeps the field face not have
Weeds.
4. seed selection is reserved seed for planting: a drought resistance is strong in order to make, the good rice variety of Mi Zhijia, yielding ability good, suitable this area plantation continues plantation several years, do not degenerate, do not mix, can adopt " purification and rejuvenation technology ", promptly before the upland rice harvesting, select fringe in the rice field, selective maturation is good, fringe is big, sign indicating number is close, it is many to tiller, cane is sturdy, the independent threshing of the spike of rice of no damage by disease and insect, store separately, as the seed of next year.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is:
Adopt bowl plate seeding
1. seedbed ground selects before the room behind the house ground, rural area or the fertile dry land of soil property to grow seedlings, and can not grow seedlings in low-lying, saline land.
2. make bed: female bed of bowl plate seeding is made wide 1.8-2.0m, and length is decided height of bed 0-5cm on ground, seedbed.Female bed soil will turn in the autumn or the spring turns over, and harrow broken leveling, guarantees that alms bowl dish and female bed combine closely, and prevents to make somebody a mere figurehead.Every 10m
2Female bed applies diammonium phosphate 350-365g, is beneficial to rice shoot later stage nutrient supply.
3) seed selection vernalization
(1) basks seeds: select calm fine day,, can improve germination vigor seed rice (XH95-13) airing 5-7 days.
(2) seed selection: preparation saline solution or yellow mud water, drop into a new fresh hen egg, its concentration was advisable when egg shell exposed the big small size of dime.Put into seed rice and stir several times, full seed avales, and the empty flat grain of rice emerges and pulls out, and the seed rice water that sinks to the bottom is cleaned to salt-free.
(3) seed soaking: the seed rice of choosing put into the cylinder that is filled with water or put into woven bag and seal sack and put into water, soaked seed 7-8 days, make seed rice suction moisture.
(4) vernalization: if above-mentioned seed quantity of soaking can be placed on vernalization on the fiery pit less, note often stirring, temperature 25-28 ℃, will fall to store up immediately if surpass 28 ℃.Push cooling when the rice bud is long immediately aside to 1-1.5mm, the blastogenesis of control rice is long.
4. nutritive soil preparation: select high-quality soil (peat soil and weathered coal) 65-70%, add the high-quality farmyard manure 30% that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, go over the 5mm aperture sieve than viscosity; Then in every dish alms bowl dish, add 20-22g nutritive soil mother agent (bed soil is smart) again, puddle evenly and get final product.Water the water of revealing the exact details, the leveling balance,
5. type of seeding: above-mentioned nutrition soil is packed in the alms bowl dish, cannot fill, vacate 1/3 position, the every bunch planting 2-3 of the seed grain that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally through vernalization, again nutrition soil is filled the alms bowl dish, the alms bowl dish is pressed in the soil, alms bowl dish and female bed are combined closely, guarantee of the supply of female bed, water the butachlor aqueous solution 0.5-0.8kg of permeable back, spray 10m with 0.5-1% to required nutrient of rice shoot and moisture
2Bed surface, the sealing weed eradication, the canopy film covers again.
Claims (6)
1. water-saving cultivation method of sand rice, comprise ground management, the rice transplanting of growing seedlings, grow seedlings, go out fringe and ripe results, it is characterized in that: adopt rice seedling on upland field or bowl plate seeding when growing seedlings, then treat to begin when rice seedling three leaves wholeheartedly the hardening of ventilating, and poured water once every 1000m simultaneously in every 2-3 days
2Apply 30-30.5kg ammonium sulfate;
During described rice seedling on upland field: at first every 10m
2Apply to the seedbed diammonium phosphate of 350-365g, secondly the seed rice airing after 5-7 days, is immersed in saline solution or the yellow mud water, again the seed rice water that sinks to the bottom is cleaned; Soak seed rice in water 7-8 days once more; Then, treat that the long 1-1.5mm of rice bud makes it drop to 20-22 ℃ 25-28 ℃ of vernalization; Treat seedbed ground surface temperature stabilization at last at 8-10 ℃, the bed of growing seedlings simultaneously waters reveal the exact details water and pH=5-5.5, and every square metre of dried seed of seeding quantity is 0.35-0.365kg, makes seed rice go into seedbed soil 2/3, covers turfy soil 1-1.5cm again; Then every 10m
2The butachlor aqueous solution 0.5-0.8kg of 0.5-1% is sprayed in the seedbed, and the sealing weed eradication covers with the canopy film again;
During described bowl plate seeding: at first every 10m
2Apply to the seedbed diammonium phosphate of 350-365g, secondly the seed rice airing after 5-7 days, is immersed in saline solution or the yellow mud water, again the seed rice water that sinks to the bottom is cleaned; Soak seed rice in water 7-8 days once more; Then, treat that the long 1-1.5mm of rice bud makes it drop to 20-22 ℃ 25-28 ℃ of vernalization; At last in the alms bowl dish with the every bunch planting 2-3 of the seed rice after vernalization grain sowing and the 2/3 nutrition soil of packing into, and then nutrition soil filled the alms bowl dish, and the alms bowl dish is pressed in the seedbed, water the permeable every 10m in back
2The butachlor aqueous solution 0.5-0.8kg of 0.5-1% is sprayed in the seedbed, and the sealing weed eradication covers with the canopy film again;
During described rice transplanting, turn over or the spring turns over every mu and executes farmyard manure 2-3m in conjunction with the autumn
3, broken leveling is harrowed in the soaked field that discharges water, and every mu is executed diammonium phosphate 10-10.5kg, potassium sulphate 6-7kg; The face 1.5-3cm that pours water in field puts seedling, seeding row spacing 9cm * 21cm-9cm * 24cm; The 6-9cm that at once pours water after the rice transplanting, up to slow seedling at this moment rice shoot grow the white root of 3-5 bar; Then carry out water-saving irrigation, last till the paddy maturation; Behind the slow seedling, every mu imposes ammonium sulfate 25-30kg before tillering, and jointing imposes ammonium sulfate 15-20kg in earlier stage, imposes ammonium sulfate 10-15kg booting stage; Before topdressing behind the slow seedling water in field is emitted, every mu of dichloro quinolinic acid 50-55g grass jinx 10-12g with mass concentration 50% converts water 25-26kg spraying, pours water after 2-3 days again;
Described water-saving irrigation is to pour water 3-4 time in general paddy field, and rice is poured water 1 time, lasts till the paddy maturation.
2. by the described water-saving cultivation method of sand rice of claim 1, it is characterized in that: ground, seedbed is ground, rural area or the fertile dry land of soil property when described rice seedling on upland field or bowl plate seeding.
3. by the described water-saving cultivation method of sand rice of claim 1, it is characterized in that: seedbed bedside 1.2-1.8m during described rice seedling on upland field, high 0-5cm longly decides on ground, seedbed; Autumn turns over or the spring turns over, and removes rice stubble, dry branches and fallen leaves, harrows broken leveling.
4. by the described water-saving cultivation method of sand rice of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the wide 1.8-2.0m in seedbed during described bowl plate seeding, longly decide on ground, seedbed, the autumn turns over or the spring turns over, and removing rice stubble, dry branches and fallen leaves are harrowed broken leveling.
5. by the described water-saving cultivation method of sand rice of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the high-quality farmyard manure that nutrition soil fully becomes thoroughly decomposed than the high-quality soil and the 30-35% of viscosity for mass percent meter: 65-70% during described bowl plate seeding, then the 5mm aperture sieve; And add the agent of 20-22g nutritive soil mother in every dish alms bowl dish;
Described 65-70% is peat soil and weathered coal than the high-quality soil of viscosity, and described nutritive soil mother agent is that bed soil is smart.
6. by the described water-saving cultivation method of sand rice of claim 1, it is characterized in that: during described ventilation hardening fine noon the seedbed lee face push canopy film osculum aside and ventilate, enlarge ventilating opening later on gradually, take off film after 5-7 days, take off behind the film and to pour water once in every 2-3 days, and weed a garden at any time.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102498812A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2012-06-20 | 浙江大学 | Nitrogen and phosphorus emission-reduction method of rice water and fertilizer ecological coupling management |
| CN103250608A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-08-21 | 尹永华 | Paddy rice ridge type plant hole positioning cultivation method |
| CN105284509A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-02-03 | 重庆皇华种业股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating rice in dry land |
| CN105706809A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-06-29 | 滁州市金成米业有限公司 | Pearl rice planting method |
| CN106717261A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽华安种业有限责任公司 | A kind of breeding method of organic paddy rice kind |
| CN106888787A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-27 | 司常青 | Aquatic crops dry-land cultivation new technology |
| CN107484519A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-19 | 安徽太白庄园生态农业有限公司 | A kind of rice fixed nitrogen high-yield planting method of sand |
| CN108112432B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-11-13 | 中国水稻研究所 | Method for planting rice in sandy soil |
| CN109349015A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-19 | 湘阴县弘昌农机服务专业合作社 | A kind of paddy rice planting method |
| CN115250851A (en) * | 2022-09-11 | 2022-11-01 | 安化县嘉鑫农机服务专业合作社 | Method and equipment for industrially cultivating strong rice seedlings |
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