CN103460941A - Method for cultivating semi-annual high-rosin pinus massoniana lamb seedlings in nutrient bags - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cultivating half-year-old high-fat masson pine seedlings in nutritional bags, belonging to the technical field of tree seedling cultivation, including field selection, field preparation, nutrition bag selection, nutrient soil preparation, bagging, sowing and accelerating germination, There are nine steps of transplanting seedlings into bags, seedling management, and seedling out of the nursery. Specifically, choose to build a nursery in the south of the subtropical zone or in an area with sufficient sunshine in the tropics, mix the seeds and fine river sand, and spread them on the seedbed together; After bagging, transplant the seedlings to the bag when the seed shells are about to fall off or just fall off, and after a series of seedling management such as water management, fertilization, and pest control, the seedlings can be out of the nursery when the height is more than 15cm and the ground diameter is more than 0.15cm; The technical seedling raising cycle is short, the cost is low, the seedlings are neat, and the survival rate is high.

Description

A method for cultivating half-year-old high-fat masson pine seedlings in nutritional bags

technical field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating masson pine seedlings, in particular to a method for cultivating half-year-old high-fat masson pine seedlings in nutritional bags, belonging to the technical field of forest tree seedling cultivation.

Background technique

Pine resin is an important chemical raw material, and its deep processing is used in all aspects of production and life. At present, the annual output of turpentine in the world is about 1-1.2 million tons, of which the annual output of rosin in my country reaches 400,000 tons, accounting for more than one-third of the world's total output, and the annual foreign exchange earning through export reaches hundreds of millions of dollars, accounting for about 40% of the world's trade volume. In my country, more than 90% of pine resin is produced from Masson pine, and Masson pine occupies a pivotal position in my country's turpentine industry.

Masson pine ( Pinus massoniana Lamb.) is a tree species of Pinus genus. It can produce resin. Masson pine is widely distributed in my country and is one of the most widely distributed tree species in my country. It is concentrated and continuously distributed in the subtropical region in the southeastern part of the mainland. 30′, the north-south latitude spans more than 12°, and the east-west longitude spans more than 20°. From Henan and southern Shandong in the north, to Guangdong, Guangxi and Taiwan in the south, from the coast in the east, to central Sichuan and Guizhou in the west, it is distributed in central, southern, eastern and western parts of my country, covering 15 provinces (regions) in my country.

Seedlings are the material basis of forestry production, and good seedlings are the key to the transformation of China's forestry development mode. Cultivating good seedlings has become the primary task of forestry work. Forest tree seedling cultivation technology is mainly divided into two categories, one is sexual reproduction, that is, picking forest tree seeds, and breeding seedlings by sowing. Sexual reproduction is characterized by relatively simple operation, high seedling survival rate, and low cost; the other is asexual reproduction, which includes tissue culture, cuttings and grafting, etc. Asexual reproduction is characterized by more complicated operations and higher costs . In modern forestry, the two modes of reproduction complement each other. In the case of tree species that have not undergone genetic improvement, sexually propagated seedlings are generally the main method, unless some species have few seeds and are difficult to collect seeds, and asexual propagation can be used to cultivate seedlings appropriately. Genetically improved forest tree species are often cultivated by a combination of sexual and asexual reproduction methods. First, seeds can be obtained in the seed garden in the form of free pollination, and seedlings can be cultivated with seeds. The second is to carry out artificial control of pollination, select excellent hybrids through progeny determination, and then multiply the excellent material seedlings through asexual reproduction to obtain the greatest gain in production.

High-fat Masson pine is an excellent new strain of Masson pine cultivated by Guangdong Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences and other units after more than 30 years of selection and breeding. At present, there are seed gardens to produce seeds. For some materials with excellent performance, because it is difficult to produce their seeds in large quantities, they can only be propagated by cutting methods. Therefore, high-fat masson pine seedlings are currently raised in two ways. However, the distribution range of Pinus massoniana has a large span. Therefore, in some specific links of seedling cultivation, there are certain differences in different regions. In addition to sexual reproduction methods, there are also asexual reproduction methods, including tissue culture, cuttings, and grafting. .

However, there are some problems in the asexual reproduction technology of Pine masson as follows. The tissue culture technology of Pine masson has not been completely overcome so far. In China, Nanjing Forestry University and Guangxi University have carried out tissue culture of Pine masson, and some progress has been made. Nanjing Forestry University used mature zygotic embryos of excellent provenances of Guangdong Xinyi and Guangxi Tongmian Pinus massoniana Lamb. as initial explants to study the induction, differentiation, elongation and grow and root. Adventitious bud induction differentiation frequency can reach 100%; Adventitious bud differentiation culture differentiates a large number of adventitious bud clusters, and then subcultured in GD basic medium without adding any hormones, the shoot elongation effect is better, using rooting medium for culture, rooting The rate reaches 78.8%, and the seedlings can be transplanted 3 to 5 days after hardening after rooting. Guangxi University used the mature seeds and seedlings of Tongmian pine, an excellent provenance of Pine massoniana, as the initial explants, and established a multiplication system with terminal buds as explants and bud propagation. The terminal buds of about 100 days were used as explants. body, the culture medium is GD (improved)+BA3.0mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L, the induction rate is 100%, and the proliferation coefficient is 4.95. Using induced buds as explants for subculture propagation, the induction rate is 90.6% to 100%, and the proliferation coefficient is 3.07 to 4.69; in the rooting medium, the rooting rate is only 26.7%. Transplanted into yellow heart soil sterilized by 0.1% KMnO ₄ , the survival rate was 100% after one month. But there is no report about the application of masson pine tissue culture seedlings in production.

Cutting propagation technology has been applied to a certain extent in the cultivation of high-fat Pinus massoniana seedlings. For cutting propagation, first of all, we need to cultivate the mother plant of ear-picking, use half-year-old seedlings to build the ear-picking nursery, after repeated pruning and dwarfing, and ensure the supply of water and fertilizer, a large number of twigs suitable for cutting are cultivated. In the greenhouse, the sterilized twigs are glued with rooting powder and inserted into the yellow core soil matrix. Pay attention to the temperature and humidity control in the later stage, and cultivate them for 2 to 3 months. The survival rate is over 80%. Cutting seedlings of masson pine can be supplied to forestry production and application, but large-scale popularization and application are still limited by various factors. After 5 years, it will face the problem of aging and needs to be updated; secondly, the cost of seedling cultivation is high, and a large amount of manpower and material resources will be invested in cultivating ear-picking mother plants, cutting facility construction, and cutting propagation, and its cost is estimated to be 3-5 times higher than that of seedlings. It is difficult for forest farmers to bear.

Grafting propagation technology is relatively mature in the cultivation of high-fat Pinus massoniana seedlings. To cultivate grafted seedlings, you must first cultivate 1.5-year-old rootstocks, which are generally grafted in March to April, and woody branches are selected as scions. This kind of scion has low oil content, is easy to cut, has a large healing surface, high survival rate, and a large growth rate in the current year. . The pith cambium butt grafting method is used for grafting. After 20 to 30 days after grafting, the scion will pull out new shoots, and the rootstock trunk will be cut off. The survival rate of grafting is above 93%. Grafted seedlings are difficult to apply in production due to the long seedling cycle, high cost, and low yield. Generally, masson pine grafted seedlings are used in the construction of seed gardens and resource conservation.

In view of the above phenomenon, the present invention has developed a cultivation technology of high-fat masson pine seedlings in nutritional bags, which provides half-year-old seedlings for the popularization and application of high-fat masson pine in subtropical regions. Its advantages are: the first seedlings are in the early stage of young age, they have just begun to lignify, and they grow vigorously. After afforestation, the seedlings have a very short seedling period, and they begin to resume growth after about 30 days, and the growth rate of the year is high; secondly, the seedling cultivation period is short, which saves the cost of seedling cultivation ; The third is that small nutrient bags can be used to raise seedlings, with less substrate loading, saving labor costs for afforestation; fourth, half-yearly seedlings emerge from the nursery during the peak afforestation season from March to June.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating half-year-old high-fat massoniana pine nutritious bag seedlings. The method has short seedling cultivation cycle, low cost, neat seedlings and high survival rate.

For realizing the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:

A method for cultivating half-year-old high-fat masson pine fruit nutrition bag seedlings, comprising the steps of:

(1) Nursery land selection: Choose to build nursery land in the south of the subtropical zone or in areas with sufficient sunshine in the tropics. The terrain is flat, the drainage and irrigation are convenient, and the leeward is sunny. In Guangdong, it is the area south of Xinyi, Yangchun, Enping, Taishan and Doumen. ;

(2) Nursery land preparation: The old land should be prepared again, weeds should be removed in the nursery, insecticides, fungicides, or lime should be sprinkled for sterilization and disinfection, and then covered with 5 cm thick yellow core soil. The new land preparation should be flat and the drainage channels should be smooth , in order to achieve uniform irrigation and no water accumulation;

(3) Nutrition bag selection: use a film bag with a size of 5×12cm and holes around it;

(4) Preparation of nutrient soil: Use 25% to 30% of fire soil, 68% to 73% of pine forest mountain topsoil and pure yellow heart soil, add 2% of calcium superphosphate that has been retting and decomposed, after fully crushing, mix and sieve. use;

(5) Bagging: Arrange in the shape of "品", 20 pieces in each row, and the width of each row is 100cm, and the length is according to the specific terrain, preferably 15-20m; when filling the nutrient soil, the nutrient bags should be full and compact , placed neatly and at the same height, the gaps are filled with fresh yellow heart soil, scraped flat, and then the soil is used to cultivate the edge of the border; when cultivating the edge, the edge of the border should be slightly higher than the surface of the border by about 3cm, so as to facilitate watering;

Seed picking and storage: From October to December, pick the mature seeds, pack them in cloth bags, and store them at a low temperature of 4°C for about 1 year, so that the seeds can be fully matured, the germination rate is higher, and the sprouts are more neat;

(6) Seed germination

a. Seedbed preparation: After the seedbed is leveled, sprinkle lime or spray 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, mix 50% of yellow heart soil and clear water river sand as the bottom layer, 15cm high, and add a layer of 5cm thick clear water Fine river sand is used as a seedbed with a height of 20cm, a width of 100cm, and a length of 15-20m. The surface of the bed must be meticulous and smooth;

Sowing time: Sowing in early November;

b. Seed soaking: soak the seeds with 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes to disinfect before soaking, then take them out and wash them with clean water, soak them in warm water at about 35°C for 24 hours, wash them with clean water and dry them before sowing;

c. Sowing: Sow in batches from September to December. The high-fat masson pine seeds belong to small seeds. In order to sow evenly, the seeds are fully mixed with fine river sand, and evenly sowed into the seedbed. The seeding rate per square meter is 75g, and then The sieved sand is evenly covered, the thickness is suitable for not seeing the seeds, and the shade net is covered after watering;

Water management after sowing: According to the weather conditions, try to avoid overlapping of irrigation and rainfall, once in the morning and in the evening to keep it moist, the method is to spray evenly with a shower;

d. Uncover the cover: After about 5-10 days, the seed buds will gradually emerge from the soil. When more than 60% of the seed buds have emerged from the soil, the shade net should be removed in due course;

Temperature management: For those sown in September and October, if the buds emerge from the soil and encounter high temperatures at noon, use shading nets to provide proper shade before noon to avoid burning the sprouts; for those sown in November and December, if the cold wave comes, the Cover and keep warm with film to ensure the normal germination and growth of seeds;

e. Pest control: Pests are mainly caused by ants, mole crickets, and ground silkworms. The ants are trapped and killed with ant medicine placed in the path of their entry and exit; underground pests of mole crickets and ground silkworms are fumigated and steamed with trichlorfon and phoxim mixed with water Spray 500-1000 times of liquid in the caves or tunnels where it enters and exits, or use fried soybean bran + trichlorfon to make poisonous bait to trap and kill; the disease is mainly damping-off, and after the seed buds emerge, spray fungicides once a week to control them , Commonly used fungicides include Bordeaux mixture, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, and dexazone, which can be used in rotation to effectively control;

(7) Bag the transplanted seedlings

When the seedlings are about to fall off or have just fallen off, transplant the seedlings. The nutrition bag should be wetted one day before transplanting the seedlings. In order to improve the efficacy and quality of transplanting seedlings, the nutrition bag should not be too wet. It is better to use non-stick bamboo sticks. When transplanting seedlings, use a container filled with clear water to hold the sprouts removed from the seedbed to prevent water loss. Use a bamboo stick to draw a hole in the center of the nutrition bag, and carefully put the sprouts in. The depth should be slightly beyond the root neck. Too deep or too shallow is not good, it will directly affect the growth of the seedlings, and then use a bamboo stick to insert the soil beside the seedlings for compaction, so that the roots of the seedlings can fully contact with the substrate, prevent the root system from hanging, and pour enough water for rooting in time;

(8) Seedling management

a. Moisture management: After transplanting seedlings into bags, keep the substrate moist, especially in the first week after transplantation. If there is no rain and the weather is dry, water should be sprayed 3 to 4 times a day; after one week, water should be sprayed every day Twice, once a day after two weeks; It should be noted that according to the actual situation, try to avoid overlapping of water spraying and rainfall, do not mechanize, and flexibly control the amount; when spraying water, use a shower to spray, not direct washing, Otherwise, the surface soil is easy to compact; at the same time, it should also be noted that the seedlings enter the cotyledon stage, that is, 2 to 3 weeks after transplanting, which is the period when the lateral roots of the seedlings occur. If the substrate is too wet or waterlogged for a long time due to excessive watering, It will seriously affect the hair roots of seedlings, cause poor growth, and yellow and albino seedlings often appear; when the seedlings enter the late leaf stage and needle leaf stage, properly control water and fertilizer to promote lignification of seedlings to facilitate afforestation on the mountain;

b. Fertilization: Start fertilizing about 3 weeks after transplanting seedlings. The fertilization is mainly self-made organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (the configuration method is to collect human excrement and urine, put in phosphate fertilizer at a ratio of 10:1, stir well, and then cover the lid , can be used after retting for 30 days, fully stir and mix again when using, and then release to a concentration of 10-20% before spraying), twice a month; after entering the strip leaf stage, the concentration can be gradually increased to 20%, or in On the basis of the original, add 0.5-0.7% ternary compound fertilizer and mix it for spraying, and the compound fertilizer should be soaked and dissolved in advance. One month before the emergence of the nursery, 0.2-0.3% KH ₂ PO ₄ foliar fertilizer can be added in combination with spraying to improve the quality of seedlings. Note that it is not advisable to use quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers such as urea or ammonium bicarbonate throughout the growth period of seedlings, so as to avoid fertilizer damage or reduce the quality of seedlings;

c. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: The main pests after the transplanted seedlings are bagged are mole crickets and ground silkworms. The control is the same as that of the sowing seedbed. Use in rotation; when using Bordeaux mixture, do not add other acidic pesticides. Bordeaux mixture has very strong adhesive force, is not easy to be washed by rain, and the residual effect period can reach 15-20 days, which is a very good protective agent;

d. Frost resistance: Masson pine seedlings are generally more resistant to low temperature, but if they encounter frost weather during the seedling stage, it will cause varying degrees of damage to the young needles and affect growth. According to the weather forecast, you can pile up fire smoke near the nursery at night before frost, or wash off the frost and mist on the seedlings in time before sunrise in the morning, so as to avoid or reduce frost damage;

(9) Seedlings out of the nursery

a. Raising seedlings: Seedlings are raised when the height of the seedlings is 15cm and the ground diameter is 0.15cm. Water should be poured 1 to 2 days before seedling emergence;

b. Packaging and transportation: The workload of bagging seedlings is large, and it is an important link that affects the survival rate of afforestation. It is packaged in bamboo hats with specifications of 50 cm long, 40 cm wide, and 20 cm high. Each bag contains 200 seedlings, weighing about 40kg, very convenient to load and unload, not only protects the seedlings, but also low cost, eco-friendly, and high work efficiency;

The furrows described in the above step (5) are designed to be a 30-40cm walkway;

The sowing described in c in the above step (6) refers to sowing about 75g per square meter, covered with sieved clean fine river sand, and the thickness is preferably such that no seeds are seen;

The bactericide described in e in the above step (6) refers to Bordeaux mixture, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, and dexon;

The transplanting described in the above step (7) refers to transplanting seedlings at the end of the sprout stage, that is, when the seedlings are about to fall off or have just fallen off;

The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer described in the above step (8) is to collect human feces and urine, add phosphate fertilizer at a ratio of 10:1, stir well, then cover it, and use it after retting for 30 days, and then fully stir and mix again when using , and then released to a concentration of 10 to 20%, it can be sprayed;

The standard for going out of the nursery in the above step (9) is more than 15cm in seedling height, more than 0.15cm in ground diameter, and no damage by diseases and insect pests.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) For large-scale seedling cultivation, the location of the nursery is very important. Masson pine is a strong positive tree species. When the average daily temperature is 10 ℃ or above, masson pine can grow. Since the seed maturity period of masson pine is generally from late October to mid-to-late November, the temperature in most areas of Guangdong has dropped significantly at this time, and it is almost impossible to cultivate half-year-old seedlings that meet the standards, but the selection range of nursery sites determined by this technical plan , that is, in the south of Xinyi, Yangchun, Enping, Taishan and Doumen in Guangdong, this area has sufficient sunshine, and even in winter most of its daily average temperature can still be above 10°C, so that the masson pine seedlings can be kept for a long period of time. The growth period and sufficient sunshine conditions can ensure that qualified high-fat masson pine seedlings can be cultivated within half a year.

(2) Seedbed management is the most critical link in the entire seedling raising process. Often, damping-off occurs due to excessive water in the seedbed for a long time or warm and high humidity in the climate, which seriously affects the emergence rate and even leads to the failure of seedling raising. It is very important to do 4 measures in this technology, ①It is the disinfection of seedbeds and seeds; ②It is shading in high temperature weather; Seedling quality and yield.

(3) After the transplanted seedlings are bagged, in the seedling management, the self-prepared organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is used to significantly improve the quality of the seedlings.

(4) The present invention provides half-year-old seedlings for popularization and application of high-fat masson pine in subtropical regions. Its advantages are: the first seedlings are in the early stage of young age, have just begun to lignify, and grow vigorously. After the seedlings are planted, the seedling period is extremely short, and they begin to resume growth after about 30 days, and the growth of the year is high; Cost; the third is that small nutrient bags can be used to grow seedlings, and the substrate load is less, saving labor costs for afforestation; fourth, half-yearly seedlings come out of the nursery during the peak afforestation season from March to June.

(5) The seedlings cultivated by this technology are neat and have a high survival rate.

For the present invention, we have carried out production and application practice, and the results are as follows:

In recent years, nearly 10 million high-fat masson pine nutrition bag seedlings have been cultivated by the Linke Institute of Xinyi City. The afforestation survival rate is high, the growth rate is fast, and the user feedback is good. Among them, from the autumn of 2006 to the spring of 2007, 3 million high-fat masson pine nutrition bag seedlings were cultivated with the above-mentioned technology, and the seedlings were neat and the survival rate was high. The seedling age is 5-6 months, the height of the seedlings is 15-25cm, the ground diameter is more than 0.2cm, and the emergence rate is 98%.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a flow chart of seedling cultivation.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail by examples below, and these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The cultivation technology of half-year-old high-fat masson pine seedlings in nutritional bags comprises the following steps:

(1) Nursery land selection: choose to build a nursery in a sunny area in the south of the subtropical zone, where the terrain is flat, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the leeward is sunny, in the Xinyi area of Guangdong;

(2) Nursery land preparation: the old land, after the land preparation, sprinkle with lime and then spread 5cm thick yellow heart soil;

(3) Nutrition bag selection: use a film bag with a size of 5×12cm and holes around it;

(4) Preparation of nutrient soil: Use 25% of fire soil, 73% of pine forest surface soil and pure yellow heart soil, add 2% of calcium superphosphate that has been retting and decomposed, after fully crushing, mix and sieve before use;

(5) Bagging: Arrange in the shape of "品", 20 pieces in each row, each furrow is about 100cm wide and 15m long; when filling the nutrient soil, the nutrient bags should be full and firm, and should be placed neatly and at the same height. Fill the gap with fresh yellow heart soil, scrape it flat, and then cultivate the border with soil; when cultivating the border, the border should be slightly higher than the border by about 3cm to facilitate watering; a 30cm walkway is designed between the borders;

(6) Seed germination

a. Seedbed preparation: after leveling the seedbed, sprinkle lime for disinfection, mix 50% of yellow heart soil and clear water river sand evenly as the bottom layer, 15cm high, add a layer of 5cm thick clear water fine river sand, make it 20cm high, 100cm wide, A seedbed with a length of 15m is ready for use;

b. Seed soaking: Before soaking the seeds, soak them in 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for disinfection, then take them out and wash them with clean water, soak them in warm water at about 35°C for 24 hours, wash them with clean water and dry them before sowing;

c. Sowing: mix the seeds with fine river sand, and spread them on the seedbed together, sowing about 75g per square meter. In order to avoid uneven coverage, use a bamboo sieve to sieve the sand to cover the seeds, and then spread a layer of fresh pine needles. cover, pour water;

d. Uncover the cover: After about 5 days, the seed buds will gradually emerge from the soil, and the pine needles should be removed in batches in an appropriate amount at an appropriate time. When more than 60% of the seed buds are unearthed, all of them should be removed;

e. Pest control: pests are mainly caused by ants, mole crickets, ground silkworms, etc., and the ants are trapped and killed with ant medicine on the path of their entry and exit; the disease is mainly damping-off disease. Liquid, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, and dexon fungicides are used in rotation;

(7) Bag the transplanted seedlings

Use a container filled with clear water to hold the sprouts removed from the seedbed to prevent water loss; use a bamboo stick to draw a hole in the center of the nutrition bag, carefully put the sprouts in, and then use a bamboo stick to insert the soil beside the seedlings for compaction, so that Seedling roots are in full contact with the substrate to prevent the root system from being suspended, and pour enough root-fixing water in time;

(8) Seedling management

a. Moisture management: spray water 3 times a day; water twice a day after one week, and once a day after two weeks;

b. Fertilization: start fertilizing 3 weeks after transplanting seedlings. Fertilization is mainly based on self-prepared organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. Human excrement and urine are collected, and phosphate fertilizer is added at a ratio of 10:1, fully stirred, then covered, and retting for 30 It can be used after two days, and it can be fully stirred and mixed again when it is used, and then released to a concentration of 10% before spraying, twice a month; after entering the strip leaf stage, the concentration can be gradually increased to 20%; Add 0.2% KH ₂ PO ₄ foliar fertilizer and spray to improve seedling quality;

c. Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests: the pests after the transplanted seedlings are bagged are mainly mole crickets and ground silkworms, and the prevention and control are the same as those in the sowing seedbed.

d. Anti-frost: In the evening before the frost comes, pile up fire smoke near the nursery, and in the morning before sunrise, wash off the frost mist on the seedlings in time to avoid or reduce frost damage;

(9) Seedlings out of the nursery

a. Raising seedlings: the height of the seedlings is more than 15cm, the ground diameter is more than 0.15cm, and the seedlings are raised when there are no pests and diseases;

b. Packaging and transportation: Use bamboo hats with specifications of 50cm in length, 40cm in width and 20cm in height to pack. Each bamboo hat holds 200 seedlings and weighs about 40kg.

Example 2

The cultivation technology of half-year-old high-fat masson pine seedlings in nutritional bags comprises the following steps:

(1) Nursery site selection: choose to build a nursery site in a sunny area in the south of the subtropical zone, with flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, and a place leeward to the sun, in the Yangchun area of Guangdong;

(2) Nursery land preparation: When preparing new land, it should be flat and have unobstructed drainage channels to achieve uniform irrigation and no water accumulation;

(3) Nutrition bag selection: use a film bag with a size of 5×12cm and holes around it;

(4) Preparation of nutrient soil: Use 30% of fire soil, 68% of pine forest mountain topsoil and pure yellow heart soil, add 2% of retting and decomposed superphosphate, after fully crushing, mix and sieve before use;

(5) Bagging: Arrange in the shape of "品", 20 pieces in each row, each furrow is about 100cm wide and 15m long; when filling the nutrient soil, the nutrient bags should be full and firm, and should be placed neatly and at the same height. Fill the gap with fresh yellow heart soil, scrape it flat, and then use soil to cultivate the edge of the border; when cultivating the edge, the edge of the border should be slightly higher than the surface of the border by about 3cm to facilitate watering. The design between the furrows is a 40cm walkway;

(6) Seed germination

a. Seedbed preparation: After leveling the seedbed, spray 0.5% potassium permanganate solution ash for disinfection, mix 50% of yellow heart soil and clear water river sand as the bottom layer, 15cm high, and add a layer of 5cm thick clear water fine river sand , as a seedbed with a height of 20cm, a width of 100cm, and a length of 20m for use;

b. Seed soaking: Before soaking the seeds, soak them in 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for disinfection, then take them out and wash them with clean water, soak them in warm water at about 35°C for 24 hours, wash them with clean water and dry them before sowing;

c. Sowing: Mix the seeds and fine river sand well, and spread them on the seedbed together, sow about 75g per square meter. In order to avoid uneven coverage, use a bamboo sieve to sieve the sand to cover the seeds, and cover the seeds with a shade net after watering thoroughly;

d. Uncover the cover: After about 10 days, the seed buds will gradually emerge from the soil, and when it reaches about 60%, the shade net should be removed in due course;

e. Pest control: Pests are mainly caused by ants, mole crickets, ground silkworms, etc. Ants are trapped and killed with ant medicine placed in the path of their entry and exit; underground pests such as mole crickets and ground silkworms are trapped and killed with poisonous bait made of fried soybean bran + trichlorfon ;The disease is mainly damping-off disease. After the buds emerge, spray fungicides once a week for prevention and control, and use Bordeaux mixture, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, and dexon fungicides in rotation;

(7) Bag the transplanted seedlings

Use a container filled with clear water to hold the sprouts removed from the seedbed to prevent water loss; use a bamboo stick to draw a hole in the center of the nutrition bag, carefully put the sprouts in, and then use a bamboo stick to insert the soil beside the seedlings for compaction, so that Seedling roots are in full contact with the substrate to prevent the root system from being suspended, and pour enough root-fixing water in time;

(8) Seedling management

a. Moisture management: Sprinkle water 4 times a day; after a week, sprinkle water twice a day, and after two weeks, once a day;

b. Fertilization: start fertilizing 3 weeks after transplanting seedlings. Fertilization is mainly based on self-prepared organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. Human excrement and urine are collected, and phosphate fertilizer is added at a ratio of 10:1, fully stirred, then covered, and retting for 30 It can be used after two days. When it is used, it should be fully stirred and mixed again, and then released to a concentration of 20% before spraying, twice a month; after entering the strip leaf stage, add 0.5-0.7% of ternary compound fertilizer to mix and spray on the original basis; One month before going out of the nursery, spray with 0.2% KH ₂ PO ₄ foliar fertilizer in combination with spraying to improve the quality of seedlings;

c. Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests: the pests after the transplanted seedlings are bagged are mainly mole crickets and ground silkworms, and the prevention and control are the same as those in the sowing seedbed.

d. Anti-frost: In the evening before the frost comes, pile up fire smoke near the nursery, and in the morning before sunrise, wash off the frost mist on the seedlings in time to avoid or reduce frost damage;

(9) Seedlings out of the nursery

a. Raising seedlings: the height of the seedlings is more than 15cm, the ground diameter is more than 0.15cm, and the seedlings are raised when there are no pests and diseases;

b. Packaging and transportation: use bamboo hats with specifications of 50cm in length, 40cm in width and 20cm in height to pack. Each bamboo hat holds 200 seedlings and weighs about 40kg.

Example 3

The cultivation technology of half-year-old high-fat masson pine seedlings in nutritional bags comprises the following steps:

(1) Nursery land selection: Choose to build a nursery in a sunny area in the southern part of the subtropical zone, where the terrain is flat, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the place is leeward to the sun, in Doumen, Guangdong;

(2) Nursery land preparation: for new land, make the land flat and the drainage channels unobstructed to achieve uniform irrigation and no water accumulation;

(3) Nutrition bag selection: use a film bag with a size of 5×12cm and holes around it;

(4) Preparation of nutrient soil: Use 28% of fire soil, 70% of pine forest mountain topsoil and pure yellow heart soil, add 2% of retting and decomposed superphosphate, after fully crushing, mix and sieve before use;

(5) Bagging: Arrange in the shape of "品", 20 pieces in each row, each furrow is about 100cm wide and 20m long; when filling the nutrient soil, the nutrient bags should be full and firm, and should be placed neatly and at the same height. Fill the gap with fresh yellow heart soil, scrape it flat, and then use soil to cultivate the edge of the border; when cultivating the edge, the edge of the border should be slightly higher than the surface of the border by about 3cm to facilitate watering. The design between the furrows is a 45cm walkway;

(6) Seed germination

a. Seedbed preparation: After leveling the seedbed, spray 0.5% potassium permanganate solution ash for disinfection, mix 50% of yellow heart soil and clear water river sand as the bottom layer, 15cm high, and add a layer of 5cm thick clear water fine river sand , as a seedbed with a height of 20cm, a width of 100cm, and a length of 18m for use;

b. Seed soaking: Before soaking the seeds, soak them in 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for disinfection, then take them out and wash them with clean water, soak them in warm water at about 35°C for 24 hours, wash them with clean water and dry them before sowing;

c. Sowing: Mix the seeds and fine river sand well, and spread them on the seedbed together, sow about 75g per square meter. In order to avoid uneven coverage, use a bamboo sieve to sieve the sand to cover the seeds, and cover the seeds with a shade net after watering thoroughly;

d. Uncover the cover: After about 8 days, the seed buds will gradually unearth, and when more than 60% of the seed buds are unearthed, the net should be shaded in due course;

e. Pest control: Pests are mainly caused by ants, mole crickets, ground silkworms, etc. Ants are trapped and killed with ant medicine placed in the path of their entry and exit; underground pests such as mole crickets and ground silkworms are trapped and killed with poisonous bait made of fried soybean bran + trichlorfon ;The disease is mainly damping-off disease. After the buds emerge, spray fungicides once a week for prevention and control, and use Bordeaux mixture, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, and dexon fungicides in rotation;

(7) Bag the transplanted seedlings

Use a container filled with clear water to hold the sprouts removed from the seedbed to prevent water loss; use a bamboo stick to draw a hole in the center of the nutrition bag, carefully put the sprouts in, and then use a bamboo stick to insert the soil beside the seedlings for compaction, so that Seedling roots are in full contact with the substrate to prevent the root system from being suspended, and pour enough root-fixing water in time;

(8) Seedling management

a. Moisture management: spray water 3 times a day; water twice a day after one week, and once a day after two weeks;

b. Fertilization: start fertilizing 3 weeks after transplanting seedlings. Fertilization is mainly based on self-prepared organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. Human excrement and urine are collected, and phosphate fertilizer is added at a ratio of 10:1, fully stirred, then covered, and retting for 30 It can be used after two days. When it is used, it should be fully stirred and mixed again, and then released to a concentration of 20% before spraying, twice a month; after entering the strip leaf stage, add 0.5-0.7% of ternary compound fertilizer to mix and spray on the original basis; One month before going out of the nursery, spray with 0.2% KH ₂ PO ₄ foliar fertilizer in combination with spraying to improve the quality of seedlings;

c. Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests: the pests after the transplanted seedlings are bagged are mainly mole crickets and ground silkworms, and the prevention and control are the same as those in the sowing seedbed.

d. Anti-frost: In the evening before the frost comes, pile up fire smoke near the nursery, and in the morning before sunrise, wash off the frost mist on the seedlings in time to avoid or reduce frost damage;

(9) Seedlings out of the nursery

a. Raising seedlings: the height of the seedlings is more than 15cm, the ground diameter is more than 0.15cm, and the seedlings are raised when there are no pests and diseases;

b. Packaging and transportation: use bamboo hats with a length of 50 cm, a width of 40 cm, and a height of 20 cm. Each bamboo hat contains 200 seedlings and weighs about 40 kg.

Claims (8)

1. give birth to half a year the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:

(1) ground, garden is selected: nursery lot is built in the area that is chosen in south subtropics abundance at southern or tropical sunshine, and physical features is smooth, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, the leeward place faced south;

(2) whole ground, garden ground: once visited place will be more wholely, and nursery weeds a garden, and after spraying worm, bactericidal agent or sprinkling the lime sterilizing, repaves the yellow soil that 5cm is thick, newly to accomplish during whole ground smooth, drainage ditch is unobstructed, with reach irrigation evenly, ponding not;

(3) nutritious bag is selected: adopt the surrounding bag film with holes that specification is 5 * 12cm;

(4) nutritive soil preparation: with burning soil, true yellow cubsoil, add the superphosphate become thoroughly decomposed through retting, after fully smashing, mixing sieves can use;

(5) pack: by " product " font ornaments, every row is put 20, the wide 100cm of every furrow, and length, by concrete landform, is advisable with 15～20m; Dress during Nutrition Soil nutritious bag to fill full, ram-jolt, put and want neat, height is consistent, gap is filled up, is struck off with fresh yellow soil, and then with the good furrow of earth culture limit; Training Shi，Qi limit, limit outline, higher than furrow face 3cm, is beneficial to water;

(6) seed is plucked and storage: in 10-12 month, ripe seed is plucked, installed with cloth bag, under 4 ℃ of low temperature, storage is approximately 1 year, makes seed afterripening abundant, and its germination rate is higher, and the bud seedling is more neat;

(7) sowing vernalization

A. the preparation in seedbed: will lime or sprinkle 0.5% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate after ground, seedbed is smooth, make bottom with fresh yellow soil, high 10-15cm, the thin river sand of clear water that lid layer 1-2cm is thick again, make high about 15cm, wide about 100cm, the seedbed of length 15～20m is stand-by, and bed surface makes sure careful smooth;

B. sowing time: sowed at the beginning of the 9-11 month;

C. seed soaking: with 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate, seed is embathed to the 30min sterilization before seed soaking, then take out and use the clear water wash clean, put into the emerge in worm water of 35 ℃ after 24 hours, with clear water, clean and dry and can sow;

D. sowing: in the 9-11 month, sow, high fat masson pine seed belongs to small-sized seed in batches, for uniform broadcasting, seed and thin river sand is fully mixed, and evenly is sown into seedbed, then sieves husky uniform fold, and thickness is advisable to lose seed, waters shady net on permeable bonnet;

E. after planting water management: according to weather condition, avoid irrigation to overlap with rainfall, morning and dusk respectively once, keep moistening as far as possible, and method is with the even sprinkle of gondola water faucet;

F. take off covering: approximately after 5～10d, plant bud and be unearthed gradually, when kind of bud unearthed 60% is above, should throw off shady net in good time;

G. temperature treatment: 9, sowing in October, meet high temperature at noon after bud is unearthed if plant, before carry out at noon suitable sheltering from heat or light, the bud seedling of avoiding burning with shading net; 11, sow December, arrive if meet cold wave, sooner or later will use the film covering and heat insulating, to guarantee normal rudiment, the growth of seed;

H. the extermination of disease and insect pest: insect pest is mainly that ant, mole cricket, cutworm are caused harm, and disease is mainly damping off, plant bud be unearthed after a bactericidal agent for preventing and treating of jede Woche spray, rotation is used, and can effectively prevent and treat;

(8) transplant seedlings upper bag

Transplant seedlings and will drench nutritious bag in first 1 day, in order to improve transplant seedlings effect and quality, the unsuitable trickle of nutritious bag is excessively wet, with sticky bamboo let for well, the container that the Shi Yaoyong that transplants seedlings fills clear water holds the bud seedling from seedbed is moved, prevent dehydration, draw hole with bamboo let in nutritious bag central authorities, carefully the bud seedling is put in, the degree of depth is advisable slightly to cross collar, cross dark mistake shallow all bad, can directly affect the growth of seedling, then real in the other soil pressure of inserting of seedling with bamboo let, make shoot root fully contact with matrix, prevent that root system is unsettled, and drench in time sufficient normal root water;

(9) nursery stock management

A. water management: after the upper bag of transplanting seedlings, will often keep matrix moistening, in first week after particularly transplanting, if do not rain, dry weather, want 3～4 water of sprinkle every day; After one week every day trickle twice, can be once a day after fortnight; When nursery stock enters bar leaf after date phase and needle during the phase, suitable control water control fertilizer just, promote the nursery stock lignification afforestation that is beneficial to go up a hill;

B. fertilising: start fertilising after 3 week of transplanting seedlings, fertilising be take the compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of autogamy as main, is diluted with water to 10% rear use, 2 times per month; Enter bar leaf after date and strengthen gradually concentration to 20%, or on original basis, add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.5～0.7% mixing pouring to execute, composite fertilizer will soak molten in advance; Before going out garden one month, add 0.2～0.3% KH in conjunction with the spray medicine ₂pO ₄foliar Spraying, to improve seedling quality;

C. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the insect pest after the upper bag of transplanting seedlings is mainly mole cricket, cutworm, and control is identical with the sowing seedbed, and disease is mainly damping off, prevent overweighting controlling, and sprays per month bactericidal agent for preventing and treating 2 times, medicine rotation use;

D. frost protection: the masson pine seedling is more low temperature resistant, if but run into frosty weather at Seedling Stage, needle that can be tender on the children causes injury in various degree and affects growth; According to weather forecast, the evening before frost arrives is stack retting fire cigarette near nursery lot, or masking film, or before sunrise in morning, timely trickle washes away the frost mist on nursery stock, can avoid or alleviate freeze injury;

(10) outplanting

A. lifting: during lifting, the native humidity of bag is moderate, during nutritious bag is hand held, there is no soft sense; Rainy day bag soil cross wet can not lifting, as dry days, be before lifting 1 water of pouring in 1～2 day;

B. packed and transported: the workload of bag seedling shipment is large; and be the important step that affects survival rate; adopt the bamboo hat packing that specification is long 50cm, wide 40 cm, high 20 cm; 200 strains of every large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim dress seedling, the about 40kg of weight, load and unload very convenient; not only protected nursery stock; and cost is low, and ecological, environmental protective, work efficiency is high.

2. give birth to the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine a kind of half a year according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pavement that is designed to 30～40cm between the described furrow of step (5).

3. give birth to the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine a kind of half a year according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (7), the described sowing of d refers to that every square metre is approximately broadcast 75g, with the clean thin river sand sieved, cover, thickness is advisable to lose seed.

4. give birth to the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine a kind of half a year according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (7), the described bactericide of h refers to bordeaux mixture, thiophanate methyl, tpn, fenaminosulf.

5. give birth to the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine a kind of half a year according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (8) is described transplants seedlings and refers in bud latter stage in seedling stage, when seedling kind shell will come off or just come off soon, transplants seedlings.

6. give birth to the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine a kind of half a year according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: its collocation method of the described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of step (9) is collector's fecaluria, put into phosphate fertilizer by 10:1, fully stir, then cover lid, retting is available after 30 days, and the used time is abundant stirring and evenly mixing again, then releases to 10～20% concentration and can drench and execute.

7. give birth to the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine a kind of half a year according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (10) a is described, and to go out the garden standard be more than height of seedling 15cm, and leading thread 0.15cm, without damage by disease and insect.

8. give birth to the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine a kind of half a year according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the native content of the described baked wheaten cake of step (4) is 25～30%, true yellow cubsoil content is 68～73%, and the superphosphate content become thoroughly decomposed through retting is 2%.

Images