CN103460941A - Method for cultivating semi-annual high-rosin pinus massoniana lamb seedlings in nutrient bags - Google Patents
Method for cultivating semi-annual high-rosin pinus massoniana lamb seedlings in nutrient bags Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating semi-annual high-rosin pinus massoniana lamb seedlings in nutrient bags, and belongs to the field of technologies for cultivating forest tree seedlings. The method includes steps of selecting garden land; preparing the garden land; selecting the nutrient bags; preparing nutrient soil; filling the nutrient soil in the bags; sowing seeds and accelerating germination of the seeds; transplanting seedlings into the bags; managing the seedlings; discharging the seedlings out of gardens. The method particularly includes that the nursery garden land is built in south regions of the south subtropics or tropical regions with sufficient sunlight, and the seeds and fine river sand are sufficiently and uniformly mixed with one another and are scattered in seedling beds; the nutrient soil is filled in the bags, then the seedlings are transplanted into the bags when seed cases of the seedlings are about to fall or soon after the seed cases of the seedlings just fall off, a series of seedling management measures including water management, fertilization and pest control are carried out, and then the seedlings can be discharged from the gardens when the heights of the seedlings reach 15cm at least and the ground diameters of the seedlings reach 0.15cm at least. The method with the technology has the advantages of short seedling cultivation period, low cost, neat seedlings and high survival rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Pinus massoniana Seedlings breeding method, be specifically related to give birth to a kind of half a year the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine, belong to achievements in forest-tree seedling and cultivate technical field.
Background technology
Rosin is important industrial chemicals, and wherein deep processing is for the production of the every aspect of life.Approximately 100～1,200,000 tons of world's rosin annual productions at present, wherein the annual production of China's rosin reaches 400,000 tons, accounts for more than 1/3rd of Gross World Product, and annual foreign exchange earning reaches multi-billion dollar, accounts for 40% left and right of volume of world trade.In China, rosin originates from masson pine more than 90%, and masson pine occupies very important status in China's rosin industry.
Masson pine (
pinus massonianalamb.) being Pinaceae Pinus seeds, can producing fat, is the important resin tapping seeds of China, is also China deserted mountain, afforestation greening pioneer tree species.Masson pine is wide at China's distributed pole, one of the widest seeds of China's distribution, concentrate continuous distribution in subtropical zone, Eastern China continental south, geographical position be 24 ° 41 of north latitude '～33 ° 56 ', 102 ° 10 '～122 ° 30 of east longitude ', the north and south latitude is vertical across more than 12 °, and the thing longitude is across more than 20 °.North from Henan and Southern Shandong Province, reaches Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces, Taiwan in the south, and east, from coastal, to central Sichuan and Guizhou, is dispersed throughout China Central China, south China and East China, some areas, West China, spreads all over 15 provinces of China (district).
Seedling is the material base of production of forestry, and breeding strong sprout is the key that the China's Forestry Development mode changes, and becomes the top priority of work on forestry the strong sprout of cultivating fine seed strains.Forest Seedlings is cultivated technology and is mainly divided two classes, and a class is sexual propagation, plucks forest tree seed, by sowing, breeds the nursery stock of growing directly from seeds.The characteristics of sexual propagation are to operate relatively simply, and survival rate of seedling is high, and cost is lower; Another kind of is vegetative propagation, and vegetative propagation comprises that methods such as organizing cultivation, cuttage and grafting, vegetative characteristics are to operate comparatively complexity, and cost is higher.In Modern Forestry, two kinds of modess of reproduction complement each other, and the seeds that do not pass through genetic improvement, general sexual propagation nursery stock is main, unless some seeds seed rarenesses, and be difficult to collect seed, suitable available vegetative propagation mode is cultivated nursery stock.Through the forest tree species of genetic improvement, adopt often sexual, vegetative propagation mode to combine and cultivated nursery stock, one can be obtained seed at seed orchard with the open pollination form, with the cultivating seeds seedling.It two is to carry out artificialpollination, by progeny test, chooses good hybrid, then by vegetative mode, expands numerous excellent material nursery stock, on producing, obtains maximum gain.
High fat masson pine is the seed selection through more than 30 years through units such as Guangdong Academy of Forestry, the good new lines of the masson pine cultivated.Construction at present has the seed orchard seeding, for some, shows good material, because be difficult to produce in a large number its seed, can only to it, be expanded numerous by cottage method.Therefore high fat masson pine to grow seedlings at present be that two kinds of modes all adopt.But masson pine distribution span is large, therefore, in some concrete links of seedling breeding, there is certain difference different regions, except sexual reproduction method, also have asexual reproduction method, comprise group training, cuttage, 3 kinds of modes of grafting.
But there is the following problem in the masson pine vegetative propagation technique, the tissue culture technique of masson pine is captured so far fully, and domestic have Nanjing Forestry University and Guangxi University to carry out the cultivation of masson pine tissue, obtains certain progress.It is initial explant that Xinyi, Guangdong, Guangxi portiatree masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) fine provenance mature zygotic embryos be take in Nanjing Forestry University, studied masson pine under conditions of tissue culture, the inducing, break up, extend and take root of indefinite bud.The adventitious bud inducing differentiation frequency can reach 100%; Differentiation adventitious buds is cultivated and is differentiated a large amount of indefinite bud clumps, and subculture is in the GD minimal medium that does not add any hormone afterwards, and bud elongation effect is better, adopts root media to cultivate, and rooting rate reaches 78.8%, and the rear hardening of taking root can be transplanted after 3～5 days.It is initial explant that masson pine fine provenance Guangxi Variety of Pinus massoniana mature seed and seedling be take in Guangxi University, set up and take terminal bud as the propagation system of explant with the numerous bud of bud, with the terminal bud of 100d left and right, it is explant, at medium, be GD (improvement)+BA3.0mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L, inductivity is 100%, and growth coefficient is 4.95.The induced bud of take carries out shoot proliferation as explant, and its inductivity is 90.6%～100%, and growth coefficient is 3.07～4.69; In root media, rooting rate is only 26.7%, and the hardening group of two weeks training seedling is transplanted to through 0.1%KMnO
4in the yellow soil of sterilizing, after January, survival rate is 100%.But still do not have masson pine group training seedling to be applied to the report of producing at present.
Technique on Cuttage Propagation obtains application to a certain extent on high fat masson pine is grown seedlings.At first cottage propagation will be cultivated and adopt the fringe maternal plant, adopts and gives birth to seedling construction cutting orchard half a year, through repeatedly pruning and downgrade, and guarantees the liquid manure supply, cultivates the spray of a large amount of suitable cuttages.In green house, the spray with through sterilization, be stained with root-inducing powder, inserts in yellow soil matrix, notes the later stage Temperature and Humidity Control, cultivates 2～3 months, and survival rate reaches more than 80%.The masson pine cuttage seeding can be supplied to the production of forestry application, but large-scale promotion application still is subject to the restriction of each side factor, is at first the output of cuttings, cutting orchard need to manage with delicacy, could output the fringe bar of some, and adopt fringe faced problem of aging after 5 year, need to upgrade; Next is that cultivating seedlings is with high costs, cultivates to adopt fringe maternal plant, cuttage Facilities Construction, cutting propagation and all need to drop into a large amount of manpower and materials, and its cost estimate exceeds seedling 3-5 doubly, and general self-employed tree cultivator is difficult to bear.
The propagation by grafiting technology is comparatively ripe on high fat masson pine is grown seedlings.Grafting is cultivated and at first will cultivate 1.5 years livings stocks, generally in 3～April, carries out grafting, selects firm lignified branch as scion, and this scion oil content is low, easily cuts, healed surface is large, survival rate is high, current increment is large.Adopt medulla to form layer rendezvous method and carry out grafting, connect latter 20～30 days, scion is clipped the stock trunk after extracting young sprout out.Graft survival rate is more than 93%.Grafting is because growing-seedling period is oversize, and cost is high, yields poorly, and is difficult to application in production, generally in seed orchard construction, resource conservation, just applies the masson pine grafting.
For above phenomenon, the present invention has developed the grow directly from seeds cultivation technology of nutritious bag seedling of a kind of high fat masson pine, for high fat masson pine provides and gives birth to seedling half a year applying of subtropical zone.Its advantage is: the first nursery stock, in young early stage in age, has just started lignification, and growing way is vigorous, and after afforestation, the nursery stock restraining the growth of seedlings phase is extremely short, approximately after 30 days, starts to recover growth, and current increment is high; Next is that growing-seedling period is short, saves seedling cost; The 3rd is to adopt little nutritional bag, and matrix is loaded less, saves the afforestation cost of labor; The 4th, at a time when half a year, living seedling went out garden, afforest the busy season 3～June.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and give birth to a kind of half a year the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine, the method growing-seedling period is short, cost is low, nursery stock is neat, and survival rate is high.
For realizing the purpose of foregoing invention, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
Give birth to a kind of half a year the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine, comprise the steps:
(1) ground, garden is selected: nursery lot is built in the area that is chosen in south subtropics abundance at southern or tropical sunshine, and physical features is smooth, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward local on the sunny side, in Guangdong, is Xinyi, spring, Enping City, the Taishan and sluice gate one line areas to the south;
(2) whole ground, garden ground: once visited place will be more wholely, and nursery weeds a garden, and after spraying worm, bactericidal agent or sprinkling the lime sterilizing, repaves the yellow soil that 5cm is thick, newly to accomplish during whole ground smooth, drainage ditch is unobstructed, with reach irrigation evenly, ponding not;
(3) nutritious bag is selected: adopt the surrounding bag film with holes that specification is 5 * 12cm;
(4) nutritive soil preparation: with burning soil 25～30%, pine forest mountain region topsoil and true yellow cubsoil 68～73%, add the superphosphate 2% become thoroughly decomposed through retting, after fully smashing, mixing sieves can use;
(5) pack: by " product " font ornaments, every row is put 20, the wide 100cm of every furrow, and length, by concrete landform, is advisable with 15～20m; Dress during Nutrition Soil nutritious bag to fill full, ram-jolt, put and want neat, height is consistent, gap is filled up, is struck off with fresh yellow soil, and then with the good furrow of earth culture limit; Training Shi，Qi limit, limit outline, higher than the about 3cm of furrow face, is beneficial to water;
Seed is plucked and storage: in 10-12 month, ripe seed is plucked, installed with cloth bag, under 4 ℃ of low temperature, storage is approximately 1 year, makes seed afterripening abundant, and its germination rate is higher, and the bud seedling is more neat;
(6) sowing vernalization
A. the preparation in seedbed: will lime or sprinkle 0.5% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate after ground, seedbed is smooth, with yellow soil and clear water river sand, each 50% mixes and makes bottom, high 15cm, add again the thin river sand of clear water that one deck 5cm is thick, make high 20cm, wide 100cm, the seedbed of length 15～20m is stand-by, and bed surface makes sure careful smooth;
Sowing time: sowed at the beginning of 11 months;
B. seed soaking: with 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate, seed is embathed to the 30min sterilization before seed soaking, then take out and use the clear water wash clean, put into the emerge in worm water of 35 ℃ of left and right after 24 hours, with clear water, clean and dry and can sow;
C. sowing: in the 9-12 month, sow, high fat masson pine seed belongs to small-sized seed, for uniform broadcasting in batches, seed and thin river sand are fully mixed, evenly be sown into seedbed, every square metre of seeding quantity is 75g, then sieve husky uniform fold, thickness is advisable to lose seed, waters shady net on permeable bonnet;
After planting water management: according to weather condition, avoid irrigation to overlap with rainfall, morning and dusk respectively once, keep moistening as far as possible, and method is with the even sprinkle of gondola water faucet;
D. take off covering: approximately after 5～10d, plant bud and be unearthed gradually, when kind of bud unearthed 60% is above, should throw off shady net in good time;
Temperature treatment: 9, sow October, after bud is unearthed if plant, meet high temperature at noon, before carry out at noon suitable sheltering from heat or light, the bud seedling of avoiding burning with shading net; 11, sow December, arrive if meet cold wave, sooner or later will use the film covering and heat insulating, to guarantee normal rudiment, the growth of seed;
E. the extermination of disease and insect pest: insect pest is mainly that ant, mole cricket, cutworm are caused harm, and ant is placed in the path trapping of its discrepancy with the ant medicine; Mole cricket, cutworm soil insect are smoked with having, the chlorophos of steaming effect, phoxim are watered 500～1000 times of liquid and drench cave or the tunnel poisoning of filling with its discrepancy, or makes period poison bait with the fragrant soyabean bran+chlorophos of stir-fry; Disease is mainly damping off, plants a bactericidal agent for preventing and treating of the unearthed rear jede Woche spray of bud, and common fungicide has bordeaux mixture, thiophanate methyl, tpn, fenaminosulf, and rotation is used, and can effectively prevent and treat;
(7) transplant seedlings upper bag
When will coming off or just come off soon, seedling kind shell transplants seedlings, transplant seedlings and will drench nutritious bag in first 1 day, in order to improve transplant seedlings effect and quality, the unsuitable trickle of nutritious bag is excessively wet, with sticky bamboo let for well, the container that the Shi Yaoyong that transplants seedlings fills clear water holds the bud seedling from seedbed is moved, prevent dehydration, draw hole with bamboo let in nutritious bag central authorities, carefully the bud seedling is put in, the degree of depth is advisable slightly to cross collar, cross dark mistake shallow all bad, can directly affect the growth of seedling, then real in the other soil pressure of inserting of seedling with bamboo let, make shoot root fully contact with matrix, prevent that root system is unsettled, and drench in time sufficient normal root water,
(8) nursery stock management
A. water management: after the upper bag of transplanting seedlings, will often keep matrix moistening, in first week after particularly transplanting, if do not rain, dry weather, want 3～4 water of sprinkle every day; After one week every day trickle twice, can be once a day after fortnight; It should be noted that and should avoid trickle to overlap with rainfall according to actual conditions as far as possible, not mechanization, grasp component flexibly; Free-and-easy with gondola water faucet during trickle, can not direct projection wash away, otherwise topsoil easily hardens; Also be noted that seedling enters cotyledon period, 2～3 week after transplanting seedlings simultaneously, the seedling lateral root emergence period at a time when this, if trickle excessively causes the long-time mistake of matrix to wet or ponding, can have a strong impact on the root of hair of seedling, cause undergrowth, yellow, albefaction nursery stock often occur; When nursery stock enters bar leaf after date phase and needle during the phase, suitable control water control fertilizer just, promote the nursery stock lignification afforestation that is beneficial to go up a hill;
B. fertilising: transplant seedlings and approximately after 3 week, start fertilising, the compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of autogamy is take in fertilising, and (collocation method is collector's fecaluria as main, put into phosphate fertilizer by 10:1, fully stir, then cover lid, retting is available after 30 days, and the used time is abundant stirring and evenly mixing again, then release to 10～20% concentration and can drench and execute), 2 times per month; Enter bar leaf after date and can strengthen gradually concentration to 20%, or on original basis, add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.5～0.7% mixing pouring to execute, composite fertilizer will soak molten in advance.Before going out garden one month, can add in conjunction with the spray medicine 0.2～0.3% KH
2pO
4foliar Spraying, to improve seedling quality.Note, the whole seedling growth phase all should not be used the quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer such as urea or carbon ammonium, to avoid fertilizer damage or reduces seedling quality;
C. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the insect pest after the upper bag of transplanting seedlings is mainly mole cricket, cutworm, and control is identical with the sowing seedbed, and disease is mainly damping off, prevent overweighting controlling, and sprays per month bactericidal agent for preventing and treating 2 times, notes medicine rotation use; While using bordeaux mixture, can not add other acid agrichemicals.The bordeaux mixture adhesion strength is very strong, is difficult for by rain drop erosion, and the longevity of residure can reach 15～20 days, is a kind of good protectant;
D. frost protection: the masson pine seedling is generally all more low temperature resistant, if but run into frosty weather at Seedling Stage, needle that can be tender on the children causes injury in various degree and affects growth.According to weather forecast, near stack retting fire cigarette nursery lot in evening that can be before frost arrives, or before sunrise in morning, timely trickle washes away the frost mist on nursery stock, can avoid or alleviate freeze injury;
(9) outplanting
A. lifting: height of seedling 15cm, lifting during leading thread 0.15cm, during lifting, the native humidity of bag is moderate, during nutritious bag is hand held, there is no soft sense; Rainy day bag soil cross wet can not lifting, as dry days, be before lifting 1 water of pouring in 1～2 day;
B. packed and transported: the workload of bag seedling shipment is large, and be the important step that affects survival rate, adopt the bamboo hat packing that specification is long 50cm, wide 40 cm, high 20 cm, 200 strains of every large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim dress seedling, the about 40kg of weight, load and unload very convenient, not only protected nursery stock, and cost is low, and ecological, environmental protective, work efficiency is high;
Be designed to the pavement of 30～40cm between the described furrow of above-mentioned steps (5);
In above-mentioned steps (6), the described sowing of c refers to that every square metre is approximately broadcast 75g, with the clean thin river sand sieved, covers, and thickness is advisable to lose seed;
In above-mentioned steps (6), the described bactericide of e refers to bordeaux mixture, thiophanate methyl, tpn, fenaminosulf;
Above-mentioned steps (7) is described transplants seedlings and refers in bud latter stage in seedling stage, when seedling kind shell will come off or just come off soon, transplants seedlings;
Its collocation method of the described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of above-mentioned steps (8) is collector's fecaluria, by 10:1, puts into phosphate fertilizer, fully stirs, then cover lid, retting is available after 30 days, and the used time is abundant stirring and evenly mixing again, then releases to 10～20% concentration and can drench and execute;
Above-mentioned steps (9) is described, and to go out the garden standard be more than height of seedling 15cm, more than leading thread 0.15cm, without damage by disease and insect.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) grow seedlings on a large scale, it is extremely important that the nursery lot position is selected, and masson pine is the strong positive seeds, and day samming is at 10 ℃ and when above, and masson pine can grow.Due to the masson pine seed maturing stage generally in late October to mid or late November, now most area temperature in Guangdong declines by a big margin, cultivating several nothings of living nursery stock half a year up to standard may, but the nursery lot range of choice that the technical program is definite, in the Xinyi, Guangdong, spring, Enping City, the Taishan and sluice gate one line areas to the south, this area abundance at sunshine, even its most of day samming still can be more than 10 ℃ in the winter time, make Pinus Massoniana Young Seedlings can keep a longer vegetative period and sufficient sunshine condition, can guarantee to cultivate qualified high fat masson pine seedling within half a year.
(2) seedbed management is the link of most critical in whole seedling raising process, tends to cause because of the warm high humidity of long seedbed excess moisture or weather the generation of damping off, has a strong impact on emergence rate and even causes the failure of growing seedlings.It is very important that present technique is carried out 4 measures, is 1. the sterilization of seedbed and seed; 2. be that hot weather shelters from heat or light; 3. be moisture management, keep the suitable humidity in seedbed; 4. be pest management, putting prevention first and combining prevention with control, guarantee the Quality and yield of growing seedlings.
(3) on transplanting seedlings, after bag, in seedling management, use the compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of autogamy to significantly improve seedling quality.
(4) the present invention provides and gives birth to seedling half a year applying of subtropical zone for high fat masson pine.Its advantage is: the first nursery stock, in young early stage in age, has just started lignification, and growing way is vigorous, and after seedling afforestation, the nursery stock restraining the growth of seedlings phase is extremely short, approximately after 30 days, starts to recover to grow, and current increment is high; Next is that growing-seedling period is short, saves seedling cost; The 3rd is to adopt little nutritional bag, and matrix is loaded less, saves the afforestation cost of labor; The 4th, at a time when half a year, living seedling went out garden, afforest the busy season 3～June.
(5) nursery stock that adopts this technology to cultivate is neat, and survival rate is high.
For the present invention, we have carried out production and application practice, and result is as follows:
In recent years, nearly 1,000 ten thousand strains of high fat masson pine nutritious bag seedling that Xinyi City woods section cultivates, survival rate is high, fast growth, the user is reflected well.Wherein the spring in autumn to 2007 in 2006, adopt above-mentioned technology to cultivate 3,000,000 strains of high fat masson pine nutritious bag seedling, nursery stock is neat, and survival rate is high.Seedling age 5～6 months, height of seedling reaches 15～25cm, more than leading thread 0.2cm, outplanting rate 98%.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of growing seedlings.
Embodiment
Below by example, the present invention is described in further details, these examples only are used for illustrating the present invention, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Give birth to the grow directly from seeds cultivation technology of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine half a year, comprise the steps:
(1) ground, garden is selected: nursery lot is built in the area that is chosen in south subtropics south abundance at sunshine, and physical features is smooth, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward local on the sunny side, in area, Xinyi, Guangdong;
(2) whole ground, ground, garden: once visited place sprinkles lime and repaves the yellow soil that 5cm is thick behind whole ground;
(3) nutritious bag is selected: adopt the surrounding bag film with holes that specification is 5 * 12cm;
(4) nutritive soil preparation: with burning soil 25%, pine forest mountain region topsoil and true yellow cubsoil 73%, add the superphosphate 2% become thoroughly decomposed through retting, after fully smashing, mixing sieves can use;
(5) pack: by " product " font ornaments, every row is put 20, the wide about 100cm of every furrow, and length is 15m; Dress is packed full, the ram-jolt of nutrition during Nutrition Soil, puts and want neat, and height is consistent, and gap is filled up, struck off with fresh yellow soil, and then with the good furrow of earth culture limit; Training Shi，Qi limit, limit outline, higher than the about 3cm of furrow face, is beneficial to water; Be designed to the pavement of 30cm between furrow;
(6) sowing vernalization
A. the preparation in seedbed: the sterilization that limes after seedbed ground is smooth, respectively 50% mix and make bottom with yellow soil and clear water river sand, high 15cm, then add the thin river sand of clear water that one deck 5cm is thick, and make high 20cm, wide 100cm, the seedbed of length 15m is stand-by;
B. seed soaking: embathe the 30min sterilization with 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate before seed soaking, then take out and use the clear water wash clean, put into the emerge in worm water of 35 ℃ of left and right after 24 hours, with clear water, clean and dry and can sow;
C. sowing: seed and thin river sand are fully mixed, together spread seedbed, approximately broadcast 75g for every square metre, for fear of covering became uneven, with the husky seed that covers of bamboo sieve sieve, the topped thing of pine needle that then layer overlay is fresh, water permeable;
D. take off covering: approximately after 5d, plant bud and be unearthed gradually, answer timely and appropriate discovery to throw off pine needle in batches, when kind of bud unearthed 60% is above, all throw off;
E. the extermination of disease and insect pest: insect pest is mainly that ant, mole cricket, cutworm etc. are caused harm, and ant is placed in the path trapping of its discrepancy with the ant medicine; Disease is mainly damping off, plants a bactericidal agent for preventing and treating of the unearthed rear jede Woche spray of bud, and bordeaux mixture, thiophanate methyl, tpn, the rotation of fenaminosulf bactericide are used;
(7) transplant seedlings upper bag
Hold the bud seedling from seedbed is moved with the container that fills clear water, prevent dehydration; Draw hole with bamboo let in nutritious bag central authorities, carefully the bud seedling is put in, then real in the other soil pressure of inserting of seedling with bamboo let, make shoot root fully contact with matrix, prevent that root system is unsettled, and drench in time sufficient normal root water;
(8) nursery stock management
A. water management: 3 water of sprinkle every day; After one week every day trickle twice, can be once a day after fortnight;
B. fertilising: start fertilising after 3 week of transplanting seedlings, fertilising be take the compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of autogamy as main, collector's fecaluria, put into phosphate fertilizer by 10:1, fully stir, then cover lid, retting is available after 30 days, used time is abundant stirring and evenly mixing again, then releases to 10% concentration and can drench and execute, 2 times per month; Enter bar leaf after date and can strengthen gradually concentration to 20%; Before going out garden one month, add 0.2% KH in conjunction with the spray medicine
2pO
4foliar Spraying, to improve seedling quality;
C. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the insect pest after the upper bag of transplanting seedlings is mainly mole cricket, cutworm, control with sow the identical of seedbed, disease is mainly damping off, prevent overweighting controlling, and sprays per month bactericidal agent for preventing and treating 2 times;
D. frost protection: the evening before frost arrives is stack retting fire cigarette near nursery lot, and before sunrise in morning, timely trickle washes away the frost mist on nursery stock, avoids or alleviates freeze injury;
(9) outplanting
A. lifting: more than height of seedling 15cm, more than leading thread 0.15cm, carry out lifting during without damage by disease and insect;
B. packed and transported: adopt the bamboo hat that specification be long 50cm, wide 40 cm, high 20 cm to pack, every large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim fills seedling 200 strains, the about 40kg of weight.
Embodiment 2
Give birth to the grow directly from seeds cultivation technology of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine half a year, comprise the steps:
(1) ground, garden is selected: nursery lot is built in the area that is chosen in south subtropics south abundance at sunshine, and physical features is smooth, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward local on the sunny side, in area in spring, Guangdong;
(2) whole ground, garden ground: newly, during whole ground, to accomplish smooth, drainage ditch is unobstructed, with reach irrigation evenly, ponding not;
(3) nutritious bag is selected: adopt the surrounding bag film with holes that specification is 5 * 12cm;
(4) nutritive soil preparation: with burning soil 30%, pine forest mountain region topsoil and true yellow cubsoil 68%, add the superphosphate 2% become thoroughly decomposed through retting, after fully smashing, mixing sieves can use;
(5) pack: by " product " font ornaments, every row is put 20, the wide about 100cm of every furrow, and length is 15m; Dress is packed full, the ram-jolt of nutrition during Nutrition Soil, puts and want neat, and height is consistent, and gap is filled up, struck off with fresh yellow soil, and then with the good furrow of earth culture limit; Training Shi，Qi limit, limit outline, higher than the about 3cm of furrow face, is beneficial to water.Be designed to the pavement of 40cm between furrow;
(6) sowing vernalization
A. the preparation in seedbed: the smooth rear sprinkle 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate ash sterilization in ground, seedbed, with yellow soil and clear water river sand, each 50% mixes and makes bottom, high 15cm, then add the thin river sand of clear water that one deck 5cm is thick, make high 20cm, wide 100cm, the seedbed of length 20m is stand-by;
B. seed soaking: embathe the 30min sterilization with 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate before seed soaking, then take out and use the clear water wash clean, put into the emerge in worm water of 35 ℃ of left and right after 24 hours, with clear water, clean and dry and can sow;
C. sowing: seed and thin river sand are fully mixed, together spread seedbed, approximately broadcast 75g for every square metre, for fear of covering became uneven, with the husky seed that covers of bamboo sieve sieve, water shady net on permeable bonnet;
D. take off covering: approximately after 10d, plant bud and be unearthed gradually, while approximately reaching 60%, should throw off shady net in good time;
E. the extermination of disease and insect pest: insect pest is mainly that ant, mole cricket, cutworm etc. are caused harm, and ant is placed in the path trapping of its discrepancy with the ant medicine; The soil insect such as mole cricket, cutworm is made period poison bait with frying fragrant soyabean bran+chlorophos; Disease is mainly damping off, plants a bactericidal agent for preventing and treating of the unearthed rear jede Woche spray of bud, and bordeaux mixture, thiophanate methyl, tpn, the rotation of fenaminosulf bactericide are used;
(7) transplant seedlings upper bag
Hold the bud seedling from seedbed is moved with the container that fills clear water, prevent dehydration; Draw hole with bamboo let in nutritious bag central authorities, carefully the bud seedling is put in, then real in the other soil pressure of inserting of seedling with bamboo let, make shoot root fully contact with matrix, prevent that root system is unsettled, and drench in time sufficient normal root water;
(8) nursery stock management
A. water management: 4 water of sprinkle every day; After one week every day trickle twice, can be once a day after fortnight;
B. fertilising: start fertilising after 3 week of transplanting seedlings, fertilising be take the compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of autogamy as main, collector's fecaluria, put into phosphate fertilizer by 10:1, fully stir, then cover lid, retting is available after 30 days, used time is abundant stirring and evenly mixing again, then releases to 20% concentration and can drench and execute, 2 times per month; Enter bar leaf after date adds Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.5～0.7% mixing pouring to execute on original basis; Before going out garden one month, add 0.2% KH in conjunction with the spray medicine
2pO
4foliar Spraying, to improve seedling quality;
C. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the insect pest after the upper bag of transplanting seedlings is mainly mole cricket, cutworm, control with sow the identical of seedbed, disease is mainly damping off, prevent overweighting controlling, and sprays per month bactericidal agent for preventing and treating 2 times;
D. frost protection: the evening before frost arrives is stack retting fire cigarette near nursery lot, and before sunrise in morning, timely trickle washes away the frost mist on nursery stock, avoids or alleviates freeze injury;
(9) outplanting
A. lifting: more than height of seedling 15cm, more than leading thread 0.15cm, carry out lifting during without damage by disease and insect;
B. packed and transported: adopt the bamboo hat that specification be long 50cm, wide 40 cm, high 20 cm to pack, every large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim fills seedling 200 strains, the about 40kg of weight.
Embodiment 3
Give birth to the grow directly from seeds cultivation technology of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine half a year, comprise the steps:
(1) ground, garden is selected: nursery lot is built in the area that is chosen in south subtropics south abundance at sunshine, and physical features is smooth, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward local on the sunny side, at the Guangdong Aquaculture of Doumen County;
(2) whole ground, garden ground: newly, during whole ground, accomplish smooth, drainage ditch is unobstructed, with reach irrigation evenly, ponding not;
(3) nutritious bag is selected: adopt the surrounding bag film with holes that specification is 5 * 12cm;
(4) nutritive soil preparation: with burning soil 28%, pine forest mountain region topsoil and true yellow cubsoil 70%, add the superphosphate 2% become thoroughly decomposed through retting, after fully smashing, mixing sieves can use;
(5) pack: by " product " font ornaments, every row is put 20, the wide about 100cm of every furrow, and length is 20m; Dress is packed full, the ram-jolt of nutrition during Nutrition Soil, puts and want neat, and height is consistent, and gap is filled up, struck off with fresh yellow soil, and then with the good furrow of earth culture limit; Training Shi，Qi limit, limit outline, higher than the about 3cm of furrow face, is beneficial to water.Be designed to the pavement of 45cm between furrow;
(6) sowing vernalization
A. the preparation in seedbed: the smooth rear sprinkle 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate ash sterilization in ground, seedbed, with yellow soil and clear water river sand, each 50% mixes and makes bottom, high 15cm, then add the thin river sand of clear water that one deck 5cm is thick, make high 20cm, wide 100cm, the seedbed of length 18m is stand-by;
B. seed soaking: embathe the 30min sterilization with 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate before seed soaking, then take out and use the clear water wash clean, put into the emerge in worm water of 35 ℃ of left and right after 24 hours, with clear water, clean and dry and can sow;
C. sowing: seed and thin river sand are fully mixed, together spread seedbed, approximately broadcast 75g for every square metre, for fear of covering became uneven, with the husky seed that covers of bamboo sieve sieve, water shady net on permeable bonnet;
D. take off covering: approximately after 8d, plant bud and be unearthed gradually, until kind of bud, be unearthed 60% when above, should in good time shady net;
E. the extermination of disease and insect pest: insect pest is mainly that ant, mole cricket, cutworm etc. are caused harm, and ant is placed in the path trapping of its discrepancy with the ant medicine; The soil insect such as mole cricket, cutworm is made period poison bait with frying fragrant soyabean bran+chlorophos; Disease is mainly damping off, plants a bactericidal agent for preventing and treating of the unearthed rear jede Woche spray of bud, and bordeaux mixture, thiophanate methyl, tpn, the rotation of fenaminosulf bactericide are used;
(7) transplant seedlings upper bag
Hold the bud seedling from seedbed is moved with the container that fills clear water, prevent dehydration; Draw hole with bamboo let in nutritious bag central authorities, carefully the bud seedling is put in, then real in the other soil pressure of inserting of seedling with bamboo let, make shoot root fully contact with matrix, prevent that root system is unsettled, and drench in time sufficient normal root water;
(8) nursery stock management
A. water management: 3 water of sprinkle every day; After one week every day trickle twice, can be once a day after fortnight;
B. fertilising: start fertilising after 3 week of transplanting seedlings, fertilising be take the compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of autogamy as main, collector's fecaluria, put into phosphate fertilizer by 10:1, fully stir, then cover lid, retting is available after 30 days, used time is abundant stirring and evenly mixing again, then releases to 20% concentration and can drench and execute, 2 times per month; Enter bar leaf after date adds Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.5～0.7% mixing pouring to execute on original basis; Before going out garden one month, add 0.2% KH in conjunction with the spray medicine
2pO
4foliar Spraying, to improve seedling quality;
C. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the insect pest after the upper bag of transplanting seedlings is mainly mole cricket, cutworm, control with sow the identical of seedbed, disease is mainly damping off, prevent overweighting controlling, and sprays per month bactericidal agent for preventing and treating 2 times;
D. frost protection: the evening before frost arrives is stack retting fire cigarette near nursery lot, and before sunrise in morning, timely trickle washes away the frost mist on nursery stock, avoids or alleviates freeze injury;
(9) outplanting
A. lifting: more than height of seedling 15cm, more than leading thread 0.15cm, carry out lifting during without damage by disease and insect;
B. packed and transported: adopt the bamboo hat that specification be long 50cm, wide 40 cm, high 20 cm to pack, every large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim fills seedling 200 strains, the about 40kg of weight.
Claims (8)
1. give birth to half a year the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) ground, garden is selected: nursery lot is built in the area that is chosen in south subtropics abundance at southern or tropical sunshine, and physical features is smooth, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, the leeward place faced south;
(2) whole ground, garden ground: once visited place will be more wholely, and nursery weeds a garden, and after spraying worm, bactericidal agent or sprinkling the lime sterilizing, repaves the yellow soil that 5cm is thick, newly to accomplish during whole ground smooth, drainage ditch is unobstructed, with reach irrigation evenly, ponding not;
(3) nutritious bag is selected: adopt the surrounding bag film with holes that specification is 5 * 12cm;
(4) nutritive soil preparation: with burning soil, true yellow cubsoil, add the superphosphate become thoroughly decomposed through retting, after fully smashing, mixing sieves can use;
(5) pack: by " product " font ornaments, every row is put 20, the wide 100cm of every furrow, and length, by concrete landform, is advisable with 15～20m; Dress during Nutrition Soil nutritious bag to fill full, ram-jolt, put and want neat, height is consistent, gap is filled up, is struck off with fresh yellow soil, and then with the good furrow of earth culture limit; Training Shi，Qi limit, limit outline, higher than furrow face 3cm, is beneficial to water;
(6) seed is plucked and storage: in 10-12 month, ripe seed is plucked, installed with cloth bag, under 4 ℃ of low temperature, storage is approximately 1 year, makes seed afterripening abundant, and its germination rate is higher, and the bud seedling is more neat;
(7) sowing vernalization
A. the preparation in seedbed: will lime or sprinkle 0.5% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate after ground, seedbed is smooth, make bottom with fresh yellow soil, high 10-15cm, the thin river sand of clear water that lid layer 1-2cm is thick again, make high about 15cm, wide about 100cm, the seedbed of length 15～20m is stand-by, and bed surface makes sure careful smooth;
B. sowing time: sowed at the beginning of the 9-11 month;
C. seed soaking: with 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate, seed is embathed to the 30min sterilization before seed soaking, then take out and use the clear water wash clean, put into the emerge in worm water of 35 ℃ after 24 hours, with clear water, clean and dry and can sow;
D. sowing: in the 9-11 month, sow, high fat masson pine seed belongs to small-sized seed in batches, for uniform broadcasting, seed and thin river sand is fully mixed, and evenly is sown into seedbed, then sieves husky uniform fold, and thickness is advisable to lose seed, waters shady net on permeable bonnet;
E. after planting water management: according to weather condition, avoid irrigation to overlap with rainfall, morning and dusk respectively once, keep moistening as far as possible, and method is with the even sprinkle of gondola water faucet;
F. take off covering: approximately after 5～10d, plant bud and be unearthed gradually, when kind of bud unearthed 60% is above, should throw off shady net in good time;
G. temperature treatment: 9, sowing in October, meet high temperature at noon after bud is unearthed if plant, before carry out at noon suitable sheltering from heat or light, the bud seedling of avoiding burning with shading net; 11, sow December, arrive if meet cold wave, sooner or later will use the film covering and heat insulating, to guarantee normal rudiment, the growth of seed;
H. the extermination of disease and insect pest: insect pest is mainly that ant, mole cricket, cutworm are caused harm, and disease is mainly damping off, plant bud be unearthed after a bactericidal agent for preventing and treating of jede Woche spray, rotation is used, and can effectively prevent and treat;
(8) transplant seedlings upper bag
Transplant seedlings and will drench nutritious bag in first 1 day, in order to improve transplant seedlings effect and quality, the unsuitable trickle of nutritious bag is excessively wet, with sticky bamboo let for well, the container that the Shi Yaoyong that transplants seedlings fills clear water holds the bud seedling from seedbed is moved, prevent dehydration, draw hole with bamboo let in nutritious bag central authorities, carefully the bud seedling is put in, the degree of depth is advisable slightly to cross collar, cross dark mistake shallow all bad, can directly affect the growth of seedling, then real in the other soil pressure of inserting of seedling with bamboo let, make shoot root fully contact with matrix, prevent that root system is unsettled, and drench in time sufficient normal root water;
(9) nursery stock management
A. water management: after the upper bag of transplanting seedlings, will often keep matrix moistening, in first week after particularly transplanting, if do not rain, dry weather, want 3～4 water of sprinkle every day; After one week every day trickle twice, can be once a day after fortnight; When nursery stock enters bar leaf after date phase and needle during the phase, suitable control water control fertilizer just, promote the nursery stock lignification afforestation that is beneficial to go up a hill;
B. fertilising: start fertilising after 3 week of transplanting seedlings, fertilising be take the compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of autogamy as main, is diluted with water to 10% rear use, 2 times per month; Enter bar leaf after date and strengthen gradually concentration to 20%, or on original basis, add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.5～0.7% mixing pouring to execute, composite fertilizer will soak molten in advance; Before going out garden one month, add 0.2～0.3% KH in conjunction with the spray medicine
2pO
4foliar Spraying, to improve seedling quality;
C. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the insect pest after the upper bag of transplanting seedlings is mainly mole cricket, cutworm, and control is identical with the sowing seedbed, and disease is mainly damping off, prevent overweighting controlling, and sprays per month bactericidal agent for preventing and treating 2 times, medicine rotation use;
D. frost protection: the masson pine seedling is more low temperature resistant, if but run into frosty weather at Seedling Stage, needle that can be tender on the children causes injury in various degree and affects growth; According to weather forecast, the evening before frost arrives is stack retting fire cigarette near nursery lot, or masking film, or before sunrise in morning, timely trickle washes away the frost mist on nursery stock, can avoid or alleviate freeze injury;
(10) outplanting
A. lifting: during lifting, the native humidity of bag is moderate, during nutritious bag is hand held, there is no soft sense; Rainy day bag soil cross wet can not lifting, as dry days, be before lifting 1 water of pouring in 1～2 day;
B. packed and transported: the workload of bag seedling shipment is large; and be the important step that affects survival rate; adopt the bamboo hat packing that specification is long 50cm, wide 40 cm, high 20 cm; 200 strains of every large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim dress seedling, the about 40kg of weight, load and unload very convenient; not only protected nursery stock; and cost is low, and ecological, environmental protective, work efficiency is high.
2. give birth to the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine a kind of half a year according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pavement that is designed to 30～40cm between the described furrow of step (5).
3. give birth to the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine a kind of half a year according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (7), the described sowing of d refers to that every square metre is approximately broadcast 75g, with the clean thin river sand sieved, cover, thickness is advisable to lose seed.
4. give birth to the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine a kind of half a year according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (7), the described bactericide of h refers to bordeaux mixture, thiophanate methyl, tpn, fenaminosulf.
5. give birth to the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine a kind of half a year according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (8) is described transplants seedlings and refers in bud latter stage in seedling stage, when seedling kind shell will come off or just come off soon, transplants seedlings.
6. give birth to the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine a kind of half a year according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: its collocation method of the described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer of step (9) is collector's fecaluria, put into phosphate fertilizer by 10:1, fully stir, then cover lid, retting is available after 30 days, and the used time is abundant stirring and evenly mixing again, then releases to 10～20% concentration and can drench and execute.
7. give birth to the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine a kind of half a year according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (10) a is described, and to go out the garden standard be more than height of seedling 15cm, and leading thread 0.15cm, without damage by disease and insect.
8. give birth to the grow directly from seeds breeding method of nutritious bag seedling of high fat masson pine a kind of half a year according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the native content of the described baked wheaten cake of step (4) is 25～30%, true yellow cubsoil content is 68～73%, and the superphosphate content become thoroughly decomposed through retting is 2%.
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| CN104488627A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-04-08 | 安徽省龙海种业有限公司 | Tending management method for larches |
| CN104396535A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-11 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Container seedling-raising method for masson pine |
| CN104496611A (en) * | 2015-01-04 | 2015-04-08 | 黄振忠 | Nutrient soil for culturing illicium verum seedlings in nutrition cup, as well as a preparation method thereof |
| CN104920137B (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2017-11-24 | 黄焕程 | A kind of pine tree implantation methods for improving pine resin yield |
| CN104920137A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-23 | 黄焕程 | Pine tree planting method for increasing pine resin yields |
| CN106508362A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-03-22 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Seedling-raising method for increasing seeding germination rate and seedling transplanting preservation rate of axillary choerospondias fruits |
| CN106665207A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-05-17 | 宣威市龙津生物科技有限责任公司 | Method for preventing damping-off in seedling stage of herba erigerontis float breeding |
| CN106665207B (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2019-12-27 | 宣威市龙津生物科技有限责任公司 | Method for preventing occurrence of cataplexy of fleabane flower in floating seedling culture seedling stage |
| CN107624437A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-01-26 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Bag planting technology on natural seeding seedling under a kind of wildwood |
| CN108271605A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-13 | 云南省林业科学院 | A kind of Pinus yunnanensis Seedling method |
| CN108370808A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-08-07 | 贵州大学 | A kind of Mycorrhizal Fungi of Pinus massoniana seedling method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108370808B (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2020-06-12 | 贵州大学 | Pinus massoniana mycorrhizal seedling raising method |
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Application publication date: 20131225 |