CN101946670A - A method for transforming pine low-efficiency forests - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for transforming a low-efficiency forest of a pinus elliottii. Aiming at the problems of poor genetic quality, high-quality provenance deficiency and high-strength intermediate cutting caused Eupatorium adenophorum spreng spreading and soil erosion, difficult survival of forestation seedlings and the like of the Pinus yunnanensis forest, the invention utilizes the modes of high-quality Pinus yunnanensis nutrition bag seedling culture, low-strength 3-time intermediate cutting of the Pinus yunnanensis forest, hole digging and land preparation and artificial construction of Pinus yunnanensis container seedlings to transform the low-efficiency Pinus yunnanensis forest into the Pinus yunnanensis forest, solves the problems of water and soil loss, Eupatorium adenophorum spreng spreading and artificial forestation quality difference in the transformation process, improves the genetic quality of the Pinus yunnanensis, and improves forest stand quality and. The method for transforming the low-efficiency forest of the Pinus yunnanensis is particularly suitable for transforming the low-efficiency forest stand of the Pinus yunnanensis distribution area.

Description

A method for transforming pine low-efficiency forests

technical field

The invention relates to a technology for transforming degraded forest stands, in particular to a method for transforming low-efficiency ground pine forests.

Background technique

Pine pine is a variant of pine yunnanensis. The difference between pine pine and pine yunnanensis is that pine pine is shrub-like, with clusters of stems, 1-2m high (individually up to 5-6m), and slow growth. Ground pine forest is a major vegetation type formed after the degradation of Yunnan pine forest, and it is the most common in Yunnan Province, especially in the middle reaches of Jinsha River and central Yunnan. In the past, during the long-term management of Yunnan pine forests, because the harvesting of Yunnan pine forests mainly selected tall, straight individuals, the remaining low-quality individuals in the forest were usually low-quality individuals with twisted trunks, and these individuals were regenerated through natural seed fall. , so that the newly formed individual genetic quality and stand quality continue to decline, and finally form a low and distorted pine forest; in addition, in the process of artificial afforestation of Yunnan pine, in some places, some low-growing Yunnan pine forests were selected for convenience when collecting seeds and raising seedlings. Seed collection, seedling cultivation and afforestation of Pine pine or even Pine pine, the resulting artificial forests grow slowly, have distorted stem shape, low yield, poor economic benefits, and lack of cultivation prospects. These natural and artificial stands are especially important in Yunnan Province The middle reaches of the Jinsha River and central Yunnan are the most common and one of the stand types that urgently need to be transformed in natural forest management. In the past, there was a lack of in-depth research and effective transformation methods for the transformation of pine forests on the site, mainly through enclosure protection, allowing them to grow naturally and regenerate succession, or carrying out full-scale clearcutting or high-intensity clearcutting followed by artificial afforestation for transformation. The above two methods are difficult to achieve good transformation results. The former transformation method is difficult to be replaced because of the lack of high-quality provenance sources of Pine yunnanensis in the land pine forest, and the continuous regeneration and reproduction of inferior land pine forests. Therefore, it takes a long time to rely on natural succession to restore The effect is not good for a long time; the latter method, through clearcutting or high-intensity selective felling, will lead to a significant decline in the canopy density of the forest land after felling, causing serious soil erosion in the forest land, and Eupatorium adenophorum. Spread, the planted Pine yunnanensis seedlings are affected by the competition of Eupatorium adenophorum, the lack of soil nutrients and water, and the lack of side shade in the early stage of seedling growth, resulting in low survival rate of afforestation, slow growth of afforestation seedlings, and unsatisfactory transformation effect.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for transforming low-efficiency pine forests, transforming pine forests into high-quality pine forests, improving the genetic quality of pine individuals in the forest, and improving the quality and economic benefits of pine forests.

The transformation method of the ground pine low-efficiency forest of the present invention may further comprise the steps:

(1) Cultivation of high-quality container seedlings of Yunnan pine

Select the fine provenance of Pine yunnanensis, and raise seedlings in nutrient bags in the nursery in spring. The nutrient bag should be a plastic bag with a size of 13cm (height) × 615cm (diameter). The soil in the bag should be slightly acidic soil under the pine forest. Soak in warm water for 24 hours to remove empty grains and impurities, then disinfect with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution or 1000 times liquid carbendazim solution for 10 minutes, accelerate germination for 2 to 4 hours after disinfection, and then sow 3 seeds in each bag. ~5 pine seeds of Yunnan pine, cover with a thin layer of fine soil after sowing, water thoroughly with a watering can, control water after sowing, and prevent rodents and insects from harming;

(2) Tending and thinning of the pine forest on the site

The thinning was done in 3 times. For the first and second thinning, the individuals with higher density and the worst growth were selected in the stand, including the individuals with the worst dry shape, the shortest height, and the slowest growth, and the infected individuals. Individuals are used as thinning objects, and all the remaining Pine pine individuals are removed for the third time. The intensity of each thinning is 30%-35% of the number of trees before the first thinning, and the cutting interval is 3-5 years. According to the stand canopy When the canopy density of the stand is ≥0.4, the interval can be shorter, and when the canopy density ∠0.4, the interval can be longer. The time of thinning operation should be carried out in autumn and winter, and the broad-leaved trees in the forest should be kept during the thinning process. kind;

(3) Site preparation and artificial planting of forest land

Before the onset of the rainy season in July, dig holes in the open space after tending and thinning the pine forest on the site.

Conduct artificial afforestation of Pine yunnanensis. The seedlings for afforestation use the pine nutriment bag container seedlings cultivated in the field in the spring of that year, and the broad-leaved tree species in the forest land are retained during the afforestation process;

(4) Forest land tending management

During the rainy season one month after afforestation and every year in the next four years, Eupatorium adenophorum and other weeds around the afforestation seedlings will be eradicated manually to prevent pests and diseases and fire prevention.

The positive effects obtained by the present invention are: the present invention reduces the negative impact on the forest environment and promotes the development of high-quality Pine yunnanensis provenance through the low-intensity 3-time tending thinning and artificially building high-quality Pine yunnanensis container seedlings in low-efficiency pine forests. The introduction overcomes the spread of Eupatorium adenophorum caused by previous clear-cutting transformation and high-intensity clear-cutting transformation, and the poor growth and high mortality of yunnanensis seedlings due to water, nutrient deficiency and competition from Eupatorium adenophorum It also avoids the disadvantages of lack of high-quality provenance, poor regeneration effect, and long recovery succession time in the simple enclosure protection method. It has a wide range of applications in the transformation of pine forests and other low-efficiency Pine yunnanensis forests. Application prospects.

Detailed ways

The following examples serve to illustrate the invention.

Example

(1) Cultivation of high-quality container seedlings of Yunnan pine

In spring, the excellent provenance of Pine yunnanensis is used in the nursery to raise seedlings in nutrition bags. The plastic bags of 13cm (height) × 615cm (diameter) are selected for the nutrition bag. The soil in the bag is slightly acidic soil under the Pine yunnanensis forest. Soak in warm water for 24 hours to remove empty grains and impurities, then sterilize with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution or 1000 times carbendazim solution for 10 minutes, accelerate germination for 2-4 hours after disinfection, and then sow 3-4 hours in each bag 5 pine seeds of Yunnan pine, cover with a thin layer of fine soil after sowing, water thoroughly with a watering can, control the water after sowing, and prevent rodents and insects from harming;

(2) Tending and thinning of the pine forest on the site

The thinning was done in 3 times. For the first 2 thinnings, the individuals with higher density and the worst growth in the forest stand were selected, including the individuals with the worst dry shape, the shortest height, and the slowest growth, and the infected individuals as thinning Object, the third thinning eliminates all the remaining Pine pine individuals, the intensity of each thinning is 30%-35% of the number of trees before the first thinning, and the interval between harvesting is between 3-5 years, according to the canopy density of the stand Depending on the situation, when the stand canopy density ≥ 0.4, the interval can be shorter, and when the canopy density ∠0.4, the interval can be longer, and the thinning operation time should be carried out in autumn and winter, and the broad-leaved tree species in the forest should be kept during the thinning process. ;

(3) Site preparation and artificial planting of forest land

After each tending and thinning, before the rainy season in July of the next year, dig holes in the site pine forest tending and thinning forest land. For artificial afforestation, the afforestation seedlings adopt the Yunnan pine nutrition bag container seedlings cultivated in the field in the spring of that year;

(4) Forest land tending management

During the rainy season one month after afforestation and every year in the next four years, Eupatorium adenophorum and other weeds around the afforestation seedlings will be eradicated manually to prevent pests and diseases and fire prevention.

Claims (1)

1. the remodeling method of domain pine poor efficiency woods is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

(1) cultivation of pinus yunnanensis high-quality container seedling

Select the pinus yunnanensis fine provenance, carry out nutritional bag spring in the nursery, nutritious bag is selected the plastic sack of 13cm (height) * 615cm (diameter), packed soil utilizes pinus yunnanensis sylvan life subacidity soil, the pinus yunnanensis seed is with 60 ℃ emerge in worm water 24h before broadcasting, remove empty grain, impurity, be the carbendazim solution sterilization 10min of 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate or 1000 times of liquid again with mass fraction, sterilization back vernalization 2～4h, 3～5 pinus yunnanensis seeds of program request in every bag are broadcast skim fine earth on the bonnet then, water permeable with watering can, broadcast back control moisture, prevent mouse, worm harm;

(2) tending and intermittent cutting of forest of domain pine forest

Divide 3 tending and intermittent cutting of forest modes to finish, 1st, the 2nd intermediate cutting selects the domain pine that density is big in the standing forest, growth is the poorest individual, comprise that form is the poorest, highly the shortest, the slowest domain of growth pine is individual and it is individual as the intermediate cutting object to catch an illness, cut down that to remove remaining all domains pines individual for the 3rd time; Each intensity of intermediate cutting accounts for the 30%-35% of the preceding strain number of intermediate cutting first for felling the strain number, cutting interval is at 3-5, decide according to the closing of crop degree, in closing of crop degree 〉=0.4 o'clock, interval can be shorter, and when crown density ∠ 0.4, interval can be longer, the intermediate cutting activity duration selects carry out autumn and winter, the deciduous species in the intermediate cutting process in forest reservation;

(3) planting site wholely and artificial tree planting

On the clearing behind the pine forest tending and intermittent cutting of forest of domain, dig whole ground, cave before selecting arrive rainy season in July, seedling cave specification is 40cm * 40cm * 40cm, seeding row spacing 1m * 1.5m, the laggard capable pinus yunnanensis artificial afforestration of arriving rainy season in July, the afforestation nursery stock is adopted the pinus yunnanensis nutritious bag seedling that spring then, cultivated in the land for growing field crops, the deciduous species in the afforestation process in forest reservation;

(4) forest land tending management

In back 1 month of afforestation and the annual rainy season in later 4 years, Eupatorium adenophorum and other weeds around the afforestation nursery stock manually to be rooted out, prevention and elimination of disease and pests and fire prevention take place, and strictness is implemented in the forest land managed and protected, and forbid that people and animals trample on destruction.