CN105248246B - A kind of coast protection forest belt canopy structure optimization method - Google Patents
A kind of coast protection forest belt canopy structure optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105248246B CN105248246B CN201510749474.0A CN201510749474A CN105248246B CN 105248246 B CN105248246 B CN 105248246B CN 201510749474 A CN201510749474 A CN 201510749474A CN 105248246 B CN105248246 B CN 105248246B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of coast protection forest belt canopy structure optimization method, methods described supplements plant trees by clearing up the average tree and lodging wood in Target Protection forest belt in woods window or woods gap, to realize the optimization of shelter belt canopy index and canopy structure.Using the optimization method of the present invention, regeneration survival rate can be significantly improved, shelter belt canopy index is effectively reduced and improves effective protection distance.Such as in one embodiment of the invention, regeneration survival rate more than 90%；After 5 years, shelter belt canopy index is optimized for 1.96 by 3.35, and big tree ratio is adjusted to 59.66% by 80.12%, and effective protection distance is 10.5H by 8.6H increases (H is shelter belt mean stand height).Therefore, canopy optimization method of the invention can effectively improve protection distance more than 20% within middle or short term.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to forest field of planting, and in particular to a kind of canopy structure optimization side for coast protection forest belt
Method.
Background technology
Age in last century 70-80, China start large area and build the coastal shelter-forest system, and these man-made windbreak forests have been at present
Reach the stage of ripeness, some even overdone phenomenon occurs, causes shelter belt aging, dead even broken belt；It is simultaneously as coastal
The regional natural environment such as saline and alkaline, typhoon and waterlogging is severe, occurs a large amount of inclinations, lodging, the forest of trunk snap in shelter belt.By upper
The influence of internal cause and external cause is stated, forest belt group canopy vertical structure is simple, horizontal structure is impaired serious, causes forest belt safeguard function
Lowly.
The single phenomenon generally existing for causing safeguard function low of shelter belt canopy structure, also as forest department at different levels
The key technical problem of urgent need to resolve.But the research about this aspect both at home and abroad is relatively fewer at present, and ripe technological achievement is more
It is deficient.
Therefore, based on this present situation, need badly at present one kind can effectively recover, lifted Coastal forest belts safeguard function and
The method simple to operate easily promoted.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, Inst. of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences is in the project of the State Administration of Forestry 948, state
Under the subsidies of project such as family's Natural Science Fund In The Light, the research of canopy structure optimisation technique is carried out for coast protection forest belt.And
And obtain the coast protection forest belt canopy structure optimization method of the present invention.Moreover, applicant is carried out to the method for the present invention
Theory and practice is examined, and have received good Expected Results.
Specifically, the present invention provides a kind of coast protection forest belt canopy structure optimization method, it is characterised in that the side
Method comprises the steps：
1) the original canopy structure in Target Protection forest belt is determined, and cleared up in forest belt, original density of crop is reduced, will be preced with
Layer index control is below 3；
2) salt tolerant windproof xylophyta is planted in the woods window in cleaning forest belt or woods gap, canopy index is controlled 2.5
Left and right, plantation process comprise the following steps：
E, in First Year winter, cave is dug in the woods window in cleared up forest belt or woods gap；
F, planting of plants is carried out in spring next year；
G, after plant terminates, nursery stock side shoot trimming is carried out；
H, periodic maintenance is carried out to transplanted trees.
Further, in the cleaning of the forest belt of the step 1), the trees cleared up include：Part average tree and it is all fall
Fu Mu, by density of crop control below 1000 plants/hectare.
Further, the canopy Index Definition of the Shelterbelts structure is：CI=(MC/MC+MC/BMC+MC/OT)/3, wherein
CI, MC, BMC, OT represent canopy index, main canopy tree crown area, sub- canopy tree crown area and set by laminate layer (shrub layer) respectively
Crown accumulates, and canopy index is used to describe the distribution condition that different vertical position canopy area is in standing forest, is to weigh standing forest to hang down
One index of straight architectural feature.
Further, the trees planted include tree and shrubs, wherein, arbor height>0.1H, shrub height>
0.05H, H are shelter belt average height.
Further, in the step A, arranged using quincuncial pile formula and dig cave, cave diameter, depth are respectively 50cm.This
In the quincuncial pile formula that is previously mentioned dig cave and refer to：In the case of with multiple rows of plant pit, first in the row's plant pit of arbitrary neighborhood two
Any one plant pit of row corresponds to the position outside the two plant pit centre positions of another row, or corresponding another row's plant pit end.
Further, in the step B, the detailed process of plant includes：The root system of nursery stock is mixed with mud before plant,
It is put into dug plant pit, is layered compression of banketing, and adequate water is imposed to nursery stock.
Further, in the step C, when nursery stock side shoot is trimmed, 1/3 side shoot is removed.
At present, suppressed tree and lodging wood in some woodss are simply cleared up in the maintenance in coast protection forest belt, easily form single canopy
Forest belt；Relatively good situation, also only can at broken belt some original seeds of after-culture again.
But present inventor it has been investigated that, cleaning suppressed tree and lodging wood formed single canopy littoral forest
The protection effect of band is simultaneously bad, even if in original original seeds of position after-culture, the protection effect of shelter-forest is also difficult to reach preferable
State.Specifically, inventors herein have recognized that, want to increase the protection effect in forest belt, be not required to high canopy index
Neat forest belt, but the main canopy in forest belt is reduced, while increase sub- canopy and shrub layer, canopy index is reduced, could effectively be increased
Add safeguard function.
In addition, present inventor also found through research, according to original forest belt seeding row spacing after-culture, it is impossible to change level side
To forest belt canopy structure, therefore for lifted forest belt safeguard function effect it is little.And according to quincuncial pile formula after-culture, can be fine
Ground changes the horizontal and vertical structure in forest belt, effectively lifts safeguard function.
Technique effect
Using the optimization method of the present invention, regeneration survival rate is up to more than 90%；After 5 years, shelter belt canopy refers to
Number is optimized for 1.96 by 3.35, and big tree ratio is adjusted to 59.66% by 80.12%, and effective protection distance has the 8.6H increases to be
10.5H (H is shelter belt mean stand height).
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows that quincuncial pile formula of the present invention digs the digging cave arrangement in cave.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention is described in detail below.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, it is object that applicant, which selects the 37 years raw metasequoia shelter belts in the Shanghai Pudong New Area people pool,
Original seeding row spacing is 2m × 3m or 3m × 3m, and single canopy forest belt, the porosity of trunk layer is larger, and underground is less, mainly
For herbaceous plant, canopy index>3, protection effect is poor.
For the shelter belt, inventor is optimized based on its optimization method worked out, specific Optimizing Flow
It is as follows.
Forest belt is cleared up, and the main part average tree for clearing up forest belt main planting and all lodging wood, reduces original single hat
The density of layer, by the control of original density of crop within 1000 plants/hectare.It should be noted that the present invention will not only clear up
Lodging wood, will also clear up average tree, and average tree mentioned herein refers to there is mean stand height and the individual of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground in forest belt.
Tree Species Selection, 2 years raw Salt And Alkali Tolerances, wind resistance, seedling stage resistance to shady magaphanerophytes of one's native land are selected to optimize transformation, it is selected
Xylophyta includes：The shrub species such as the arbor species such as paper mulberry, Chinese wax, leaflet Nuzhen, an ancient nationality in China, ancestors of the Manchus, who founded the Jin Dynasty, barberry, mahonia bealei, Hu baldhead,
Seedling height requires more than arbor 0.1H, more than shrub 0.05H, well developed root system, protects and leads to directly, no disease and pests harm, have no mechanical damage.
These seeds canopy areas are big, and growth is relatively fast, can improve Forest Vertical Structure and horizontal structure in a short time, reduce hat
Layer index.
Method of forestation
Dig cave：In winter, cave afforestation is dug in the woods window in cleaning forest belt or woods gap；Cave diameter, depth are respectively 50cm, are planted
Low outer height, puts appropriate organic fertilizer in plant hole before plant.In the present embodiment, arranged using quincuncial pile formula and dig cave.Fig. 1 shows plum
Flower stake formula digs the concrete structure of cave arrangement, as illustrated, each plant pit in the row's plant pit of arbitrary neighborhood two be not directly with
The corresponding plant pit alignment of another row's plant pit, but positioned at the centre position of two plant pits, the protection effect of this distribution mode is more
Good, trees are more easy to survive.
Afforestation Time：Rainy day in spring afforests.
Method of forestation：Before plant, seedling root mixes mud；If nursery stock is evergreen species, need to remove most of leaf
Piece.Layering, which is banketed, to be tracked tramping；Pour root water.Nursery stock side shoot is trimmed 1/3 after plant.
The density of plantation：Control the 10-20% in original forest belt density.
Tending management：Dry season ridging is fostered, watered in time.
This shelter belt on the Shanghai Pudong New Area people pool implemented for the present invention, using the optimization side of the present invention
After method optimizes, forest belt canopy index is optimized for 1.96 by 3.35, and it is that (H is 10.5H that effective protection distance, which has 8.6H increases,
Shelter belt mean stand height).
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, in black pine shelter belt, using ground similar to Example 1 mode, and the tree to being reseeded
Kind is adjusted, and specifically, the arbor species of plant mainly select Quercus acutissima and Chinese wax, ratio 4:1, shrub species is main
Select false indigo and Vitex rotundifolia, ratio 3:1.After optimization, shelter belt canopy index is optimized for 1.27 by 4.22, effectively anti-
It is 10.3H that distance, which is protected, by 7.1H increases.Effective protection distance improves 45%, and this lifting amplitude is above it is contemplated that exceeding
The initial maintenance target of attendant, it is also more much bigger than the lifting ratio in embodiment 1.The selection proportioning for illustrating seeds is pole
It successfully, has given full play to the effect of optimization method of the present invention.
Although the principle of the present invention is described in detail above in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, this area skill
Art personnel are it should be understood that above-described embodiment is only the explanation to the exemplary implementation of the present invention, not to present invention bag
Restriction containing scope.Details in embodiment is simultaneously not meant to limit the scope of the invention, in the spirit without departing substantially from the present invention and
In the case of scope, any equivalent transformation based on technical solution of the present invention, simple replacement etc. are obvious to be changed, and is all fallen within
Within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of coast protection forest belt canopy structure optimization method, it is characterised in that methods described comprises the steps：
1）The original canopy structure in Target Protection forest belt is determined, and cleared up in forest belt, original density of crop is reduced, by forest belt
The canopy index of structure is controlled below 3, and in being cleared up in described forest belt, the trees cleared up include：Part average tree and
All lodging wood, the average tree refer to there is mean stand height and the individual of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground in forest belt；
2）Salt tolerant windproof xylophyta is planted in the woods window in cleaning forest belt or woods gap, the control of canopy index is left 2.5
The right side, the canopy index of the Shelterbelts structure are：CI=(MC/MC+MC/BMC+MC/OT)/3, wherein CI, MC, BMC, OT generation respectively
Crown layer index, main canopy tree crown area, sub- canopy tree crown area and by laminate layer tree crown area, plantation process includes following step
Suddenly：
A, in First Year winter, cave is dug in the woods window in cleared up forest belt or woods gap；
B, planting of plants is carried out in spring next year；
C, after plant terminates, nursery stock side shoot trimming is carried out；
D, periodic maintenance is carried out to transplanted trees,
Wherein, selected xylophyta includes：Arbor species and shrub species, selected magaphanerophytes are 2 years raw Salt And Alkali Tolerances, resisted
Wind, seedling stage resistance to shady magaphanerophytes, seedling height requires more than arbor 0.1H, more than shrub 0.05H, and H is averaged for shelter belt
Highly.
2. coast protection forest belt canopy structure optimization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
By density of crop control below 1000 plants/hectare.
3. coast protection forest belt canopy structure optimization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The trees planted include tree and shrubs, wherein, arbor height>0.1H, shrub height>0.05H, H are shelter belt
Average height.
4. coast protection forest belt canopy structure optimization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
In the step A, arranged using quincuncial pile formula and dig cave, cave diameter, depth are respectively 50cm.
5. coast protection forest belt canopy structure optimization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
In the step B, the detailed process of plant includes：The root system of nursery stock is mixed with mud before plant, is put into dug tree
Cave, compression of banketing is layered, and adequate water is imposed to nursery stock.
6. coast protection forest belt canopy structure optimization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
In the step C, when nursery stock side shoot is trimmed, 1/3 side shoot is removed.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105724181A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2016-07-06 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Scale operation farmland forest network for improving agricultural machinery efficiency |
| CN105746297A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2016-07-13 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Farmland forest network capable of improving large-scale management benefits |
| CN106613734A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-10 | 天津大学前沿技术研究院有限公司 | Multi-row windbreak for wind prevention of buildings |
| CN110915518A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-03-27 | 北部湾大学 | Method for constructing and constructing mangrove protection forest on mudflat which is not suitable for forest |
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