CN106665207B - Method for preventing occurrence of cataplexy of fleabane flower in floating seedling culture seedling stage - Google Patents

Method for preventing occurrence of cataplexy of fleabane flower in floating seedling culture seedling stage Download PDF

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CN106665207B
CN106665207B CN201611200798.XA CN201611200798A CN106665207B CN 106665207 B CN106665207 B CN 106665207B CN 201611200798 A CN201611200798 A CN 201611200798A CN 106665207 B CN106665207 B CN 106665207B
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seedling
sowing
shed
floating
spraying
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CN106665207A (en
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王美玲
罗桂昌
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Xuanwei City Longjin Biotechnology LLC
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Xuanwei City Longjin Biotechnology LLC
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing occurrence of damping-off of breviscapine in a seedling stage of a floating seedling, which comprises the following steps of seedling stage management, wherein the seedling stage management comprises the spraying of a seedling stage bactericide, the spraying of the seedling stage bactericide specifically refers to the regular alternate spraying of the bactericide for breviscapine seedlings after seeds in a seedling shed germinate into a small cross phase, and the regular alternate spraying of the bactericide refers to the alternate use of the bactericide for preventing damping-off in the seedling stage, and the method has the beneficial effects that: the invention mainly depends on the characteristics that plant bodies of erigeron breviscapus are weak in the seedling stage and the activity of pathogenic bacteria is influenced by environmental factors, achieves a method for preventing the occurrence of seedling-stage damping-off by improving the disease resistance of erigeron breviscapus seedlings, utilizing chemical agents to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and using bactericides to build unsuitable living environments of the pathogenic bacteria, and has the effective rate of over 90 percent.

Description

Method for preventing occurrence of cataplexy of fleabane flower in floating seedling culture seedling stage
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of disease control of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to a method for preventing damping off of erigeron breviscapus in a floating seedling culture period.
Background
The erigeron breviscapus industry has been developed for a long time at present, the industry chain related to links such as planting, processing and selling tend to be perfect, the erigeron breviscapus belongs to one of Yunnan medicinal materials, is a good medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and creates billions of value for the development of Yunnan medicinal industry. A scientific research team comprising professor Yang Sheng super of Yunnan agriculture university overcomes various technical problems from introduction to planting of the erigeron breviscapus, so that field planting and production of the wild erigeron breviscapus become possible, and considerable benefits are brought to farmers or planting enterprises planting the erigeron breviscapus. The life of the erigeron breviscapus planted by various enterprises such as Yunnan biological cereal erigeron breviscapus pharmaceutical industry limited company, Honghe Qianshan company, Xuanwei Longjin biological limited company and the like is long, the planting technology is relatively mature after long-term accumulation, but some emerging problems are continuously generated, the company adopting a floating seedling raising and transplanting field mode or an individual accounts for more than 60 percent of the planting area of the erigeron breviscapus, the method has the characteristics of quick seedling formation, convenient management, high seedling emergence quality, tidy seedlings and the like, but because the seedling raising period is long and seedling raising equipment is recycled for a long time, particularly, a floating seedling raising tray is easy to carry various germs, the using times and the quantity of the bactericides in the seedling period are large, the diseases are more serious, the sudden-collapse disease of the erigeron breviscapus in the seedling stage is the most serious, and the sudden-collapse disease belongs to a biological disease of the eri, the mortality rate of the short-term infection is more than 90 percent. The damping-off caused by the disease is mainly pathogenic bacteria of pythium and phytophthora, and because the breviscapine in the seedling stage is weak and has poor disease resistance, the disease-spreading inhibition of the pathogenic application can hardly treat the infected seedlings. The damping-off is easy to occur in the seedling raising process by using an old floating seedling raising tray, the incidence rate is still between 10% and 50% under the condition of conventional seedling shed management and protection, the damping-off can not be completely eradicated through experience summary and technical innovation of numerous erigeron breviscapus planting technicians and scientific researchers, the incidence rate of the damping-off is high in the seedling raising period of the floating seedling raising of the erigeron breviscapus, only prevention is needed, and the prevention measures are many but the effect is not good generally.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing occurrence of damping-off of erigeron breviscapus in a floating seedling raising period, and solves the problems that the incidence of disease of the erigeron breviscapus in the floating seedling raising period is high and the prevention effect is generally poor in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preventing sudden-collapse disease of erigeron breviscapus in a floating seedling raising stage comprises the step of seedling stage management, wherein the seedling stage management comprises the spraying of a seedling stage bactericide, the spraying of the seedling stage bactericide specifically refers to the regular alternate spraying of the erigeron breviscapus seedlings after seeds in a seedling shed germinate and enter a small cross phase, and the regular alternate spraying of the bactericide refers to the alternate use of the bactericide for preventing the sudden-collapse disease in the seedling stage.
In the technical scheme, the principle of regularly and alternately spraying the bactericide is that the prevention is mainly used, the treatment is assisted, the using times of the same type bactericide in the seedling raising period are preferably not more than two, so that the pathogenic bacteria can be prevented from generating higher drug resistance in a short period, the difficulty of seedling raising and disease prevention is increased, the small cross period of the erigeron breviscapus is the period that two young leaves grow after the seeds germinate for a period of time and form a cross with cotyledons generated by germination, and the small cross period of the erigeron breviscapus is 10-15 days after sowing.
The further technical scheme is that the regular alternate spraying of the bactericide on the erigeron breviscapus seedlings specifically means that the bactericide is sprayed on the erigeron breviscapus seedlings four times in a period of every 15 days in two months after sowing is finished.
In the technical scheme, most of the currently purchased pesticides on the market are third-generation pesticides, and the third-generation pesticides have the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity and strong stability, the pesticide effects of the pesticides are generally more than one week, in the sterilization process, the spraying of the bactericide on the erigeron breviscapus seedlings cannot kill all pathogenic bacteria at one time, meanwhile, the reproductive capacity of the pathogenic bacteria is stronger, the time is long, and a large amount of the pathogenic bacteria can explode, and considering that the bactericide has short duration and good effect but cannot kill all the pathogenic bacteria, 15 days is selected as a period to spray the bactericide on the erigeron breviscapus seedlings, so that the residues of the bactericide on the erigeron breviscapus seedlings are less, the pathogenic bacteria cannot survive on the erigeron breviscapus seedlings for a long time, and the infection of the erigeron breviscap.
The further technical scheme is that the bactericide sprayed to the erigeron breviscapus seedlings in the seedling raising shed after the sowing is finished and the spraying time of the bactericide are as follows:
the bactericide sprayed for the first time is prepared by mixing 1g of 38% oxadixyl copper pyrimethanil and 4g of 80% mancozeb into 1000-1200 times of liquid, wherein the time for spraying for the first time is 10-15 days after sowing is finished;
the second spraying of the bactericide is to mix 1g of hymexazol 15%, 2g of propamocarb 72.2% and 2g of chlorothalonil 75%, then prepare the mixture into 800-1200 times of liquid, and the time of the second spraying is 25-30 days after the sowing is finished;
the bactericide is sprayed for the third time, wherein 3g of 1000-fold solution of 99% monopotassium phosphate, 2g of 40% pyrimethanil and 2g of 72% cymoxanil are mixed and then prepared into 800-1000-fold solution, and the time for spraying for the third time is 40-45 days after sowing is finished;
the fourth spraying of the bactericide is to prepare a 700-900 times liquid by 2g of 43% refined methyl frost manganese zinc, and the fourth spraying time is 55-60 days after the sowing is finished.
In the technical scheme, if the sudden-collapse disease of the erigeron breviscapus at the seedling stage is not prevented from being sprayed, the disease incidence is more than 95 percent, and the erigeron breviscapus, the carbendazim, the zhongshengmycin and the chlorothalonil are used, the disease incidence is 30-50 percent in two months, the bactericide is sprayed for four times in the seedling stage totally, the first time is about 15 days after the sowing is finished, the erigeron breviscapus seeds gradually enter a small cross stage because the germination process of the erigeron breviscapus seeds is finished in fifteen days, then the interval between each time and the previous time is about 15 days, the fourth time is sprayed for about 60 days after the seedling stage is started, and the fourth time is not sprayed any more, the erigeron breviscapus seedlings are robust in growth and strong in disease resistance after 60 days, wherein the monopotassium phosphate sprayed for the third time is mainly used for improving the stress resistance of the erigeron.
The liquid doubling in the bactericide sprayed for the first time to the fourth time is obtained by adding water to dilute the mixed solute, and the mass ratio of the water to the solute is a multiple of the liquid doubling.
The method further comprises the steps of pre-sowing treatment, disinfection treatment before sowing, sowing and post-sowing treatment, wherein the pre-sowing treatment refers to the steps of selecting from the middle and last ten days of 1 month to 2 months every year, the average temperature is 7-10 ℃, the time of seedling and sowing is the time when the weather is clear, before seedling and sowing, 3-5 kg of erigeron breviscapus hair seeds with the storage period of less than 1 year are placed in a cloth bag, a wood stick is used for repeatedly beating 18-25 minutes to more than 90% of the seed crown hair to fall off, the beaten seeds are screened by a 6-mesh sieve, and then air separation is carried out in front of a fan with the air speed of 1.6-3.3 m/s or the air pressure of 0.016-0.68N/m 2, so that the seed cleanliness is more than 80%.
According to the technical scheme, the seedling culture time is selected from the middle late ten days to the last 2 months of each year, by utilizing the characteristic that pythium and phytophthora pathogenic bacteria are inhibited in activity at low temperature and breviscapine seeds can normally germinate, after half a month, seedlings enter a small cross-stage damping-off high-incidence stage, most of the activity of the pathogenic bacteria are still in an inhibited state, the damping-off can be effectively prevented, the seeds are subjected to delinting treatment, clean seeds with fewer carried pathogenic bacteria and high germination rate can be obtained, the disease resistance of the germinated seedlings is stronger, and large-particle impurities such as pedicel receptacle and the like can be screened out by using a 6-mesh sieve.
The further technical scheme is that the disinfection treatment before sowing comprises the steps of preparing a disinfectant, disinfecting a floating seedling raising tray and disinfecting a seedling raising shed, wherein the disinfectant is prepared by preparing 10% chlorine dioxide powder with water according to the mass ratio of 1:10 to prepare a mother solution, and then adding the mother solution into the water according to the mass ratio of 1:50 to prepare the disinfectant;
the floating seedling raising tray is disinfected by absorbing disinfectant with a high-pressure water gun, the disinfected floating seedling raising tray is placed with the opening of a hole downward in a centralized mode, a black plastic film covers the placed floating seedling raising tray, the periphery of the black plastic film is covered tightly, air circulation is prevented, and the floating seedling raising tray is placed for 5-7 days;
the disinfection of the seedling shed is to disinfect the inner wall of the seedling shed 5-7 days before seeding operation, the disinfection mode is to use a high-pressure water gun to absorb disinfectant to spray the inner wall of the seedling shed, the seedling shed is closed after disinfection to carry out fumigation disinfection, and the fumigation time is 1-2 days.
In the technical scheme, pathogenic bacteria causing damping-off mainly belong to pythium and phytophthora, the pythium and phytophthora have strong reproductive capacity and high diffusion speed under proper conditions, and seedlings are infected and die in a short period if the sterilization is not complete or not timely, so that the whole seedling culture link needs to be sterilized.
Chlorine dioxide belongs to strong oxidant, water reaction generates hypochlorous acid, hypochlorous acid has very excellent sterilization effect, and can kill most pathogenic bacteria, simultaneously the showy seedling tray after disinfecting must concentrate the cave mouth downwards and put things in good order, and cover black plastic film on the showy seedling tray of putting things in good order, put things in good order 5 ~ 7 days, hypochlorous acid can delay disinfection time in the humid environment of light-resistant, can further kill the incomplete residual pathogenic bacteria of disinfection like this, and need notice in the in-process of configuration chlorine dioxide, because chlorine dioxide and improper operation can produce a large amount of chlorine when water mixes, so the user of service need wear protective facial mask, need to stir water towards a direction fast during the configuration, then add chlorine dioxide into water along the barrel wall, reduce the production of chlorine.
The further technical scheme is that the seeding comprises substrate disinfection, fine substrate preparation and seed spreading, wherein the substrate disinfection is to mix 20g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 17ml of 3% hymexazol aqua and 3g of 4% +40% methyl cream manganic zinc wettable powder, add 10kg of water to obtain a liquid medicine, add one liquid medicine into each 70kg of substrate by mass ratio, and uniformly stir the liquid medicine and the substrate to obtain the seedling substrate finally;
the fine matrix screening means that the seedling culture matrix is screened through a 2-mesh screen to obtain a fine matrix;
the sowing specifically comprises the steps of filling the seedling substrate into floating seedling plates, pressing the floating seedling plates tightly by hands, wiping off redundant substrate on the plate surfaces, adding 90g of erigeron breviscapus seeds into 500g of fine substrate, uniformly stirring, and uniformly scattering the fine substrate mixed with the erigeron breviscapus seeds on 48 floating seedling plates, wherein 3-6 erigeron breviscapus seeds are arranged in each hole.
In the technical scheme, the seedling culture substrate is screened by a 2-mesh sieve, and perlite and large-particle materials are screened out to obtain the turf slag with smaller particle size.
Because the long-time stacking of the substrate can breed pathogenic bacteria, and the sterilization of the substrate can effectively kill the pathogenic bacteria in the substrate, the substrate also needs to be sterilized.
3-6 erigeron breviscapus seeds are arranged in each hole on the floating seedling-raising tray, so that the situation that the seeding quantity is large can be avoided, the seeding quantity is prevented from being too large, the seedling emergence is dense, a plant monomer is weak, and the phenomenon that pathogenic bacteria are easily bred due to poor ventilation and poor disease resistance is avoided.
In the step of sowing, the quality detection and seed germination experiments are carried out on the breviscapine seeds before the breviscapine seeds are stirred with the fine matrix, and the breviscapine seeds with the seed cleanliness and the germination rate both higher than 80% are selected.
In the technical scheme, the breviscapine seeds are subjected to a germination experiment to select clean seeds with the germination rate of more than 80%, and the seeds with the seed cleanliness and the germination rate of more than 80% are selected, so that the germination rate of the seeds can be ensured, and the disease resistance of the seeds can be ensured.
The further technical scheme is that the post-sowing treatment comprises post-sowing disinfection and water treatment in a seedling raising shed, wherein the post-sowing disinfection is that 5kg of water and 16g of 50% of sodium sulfadiazine are added into a sprayer after sowing, the sprayer is evenly shaken and then evenly sprayed on a floating seedling raising tray after sowing is finished, and finally the sterilized floating seedling raising tray is placed into the seedling raising shed;
the water treatment in the seedling raising shed means that on the day that the seedling raising tray after sowing is moved into the seedling raising shed, water with the depth of 15 cm-20 cm is added into the seedling raising shed, then prepared mother liquor is added into the pool water for disinfection, and the mass ratio of the chlorine dioxide mother liquor to the water is 1: 100.
In the technical scheme, the sodium diquat is effective to pythium, smut and various soil-borne diseases in fungi, and has certain systemic osmosis effect. Has special effect on diseases caused by pythium and silk sacs, is also effective on some fungal diseases, belongs to a protective medicament, and has growth stimulation effect on crops.
And the chlorine dioxide mother liquor is added into the seedling raising shed to protect the erigeron breviscapus seeds from being infected by harmful bacteria from a water body when the erigeron breviscapus seeds germinate.
According to a further technical scheme, the seedling management further comprises shed temperature control, wherein the shed temperature control specifically means that the temperature in the seedling shed is kept at 20-35 ℃, the relative humidity is less than 90%, and meanwhile, when the condition of the fleabane seedlings is discovered, the fleabane seedlings are timely cleaned out of the shed.
In the technical scheme, when the temperature is higher than 35 ℃ and the relative humidity is higher than 90%, germs are easy to breed, adverse effects are generated on the erigeron breviscapus seedlings, the cold resistance of the erigeron breviscapus is strong, but when the temperature is lower than 7 ℃, the phenomenon that the erigeron breviscapus seedlings grow slowly due to too low temperature can occur.
The further technical scheme is that the seedling raising shed is 8 meters long and 1.2 meters high, 48 floating seedling raising trays are arranged in one seedling raising shed, the length of each floating seedling raising tray is 65.5 centimeters, the width of each floating seedling raising tray is 33.5 centimeters, the height of each floating seedling raising tray is 4.5 centimeters, and each floating seedling raising tray is provided with 325 holes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention mainly depends on the characteristics that plant bodies of erigeron breviscapus are weak in the seedling stage and the activity of pathogenic bacteria is influenced by environmental factors, achieves a method for preventing the occurrence of seedling-stage damping-off by improving the disease resistance of erigeron breviscapus seedlings, utilizing the bactericide to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and using the bactericide to build unsuitable living environment of the pathogenic bacteria, and has the effective rate of over 90 percent.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A method for preventing occurrence of cataplexy in seedling stage of fleabane flower floating seedling comprises the following steps:
step 1, pretreatment before sowing: selecting the middle and last ten days of 1 month per year, setting 5kg of erigeron breviscapus seeds with storage period of 1 year in a cloth bag before seeding, repeatedly beating with a wood stick for 18 min to 90% of the seeds with their crown hair falling off, sieving with a 6-mesh sieve, and sieving at air speed of 3.3m/s or air pressure of 0.016N/m2Winnowing is carried out before the fan to ensure that the purity of the seeds is more than 80 percent;
step 2-1, preparation of disinfectant: selecting 10% chlorine dioxide powder, preparing mother liquor with water according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and then adding the mother liquor into the water according to the mass ratio of 1:50 to prepare disinfectant;
step 2-2, sterilizing the floating seedling raising tray: absorbing disinfectant by using a high-pressure water gun to carry out comprehensive spraying disinfection on the floating seedling-raising tray, intensively stacking the disinfected floating seedling-raising tray downwards with the hole opening to form a cuboid, sealing the stacked floating seedling-raising tray by using a plastic film in whole, and stacking for 7 days;
step 2-3, sterilizing the seedling shed: disinfecting the inner wall of the seedling raising shed 5 days before the seeding operation, wherein the disinfection mode is that a high-pressure water gun is used for absorbing disinfectant to spray the inner wall of the seedling raising shed, the inner wall of the seedling raising shed is sprayed with the disinfectant once, the seedling raising shed is closed after the disinfection is finished, and the fumigation is carried out for 2 days;
step 3-1, substrate disinfection: the seeding comprises substrate disinfection, preparation of fine substrates and seed spreading, wherein the substrate disinfection is to mix 20g of wettable powder of 50% carbendazim, 17ml of 3% hymexazol aqua and 3g of 4% +40% refined methyloxa manganese zinc wettable powder, add 10kg of water to form a liquid medicine, add the liquid medicine into each 70kg of substrates according to the mass ratio of one part of liquid medicine, uniformly stir the liquid medicine and the substrates, and finally obtain the seedling substrate;
step 3-2, preparation of fine matrix: screening the seedling substrate through a 2-mesh sieve to obtain a fine substrate;
step 3-3, seed sowing: filling a seedling substrate into a floating seedling raising tray, then pressing by hand and wiping off redundant substrate on the tray surface, then adding 90g of erigeron breviscapus seeds into 500g of fine substrate and uniformly stirring, finally uniformly scattering the fine substrate mixed with the erigeron breviscapus seeds on 48 floating seedling raising trays, and enabling 3 erigeron breviscapus seeds to be arranged in each hole, wherein before the erigeron breviscapus seeds are stirred with the fine substrate, the seeds need to be subjected to quality detection and seed germination experiments, and the erigeron breviscapus seeds with the seed cleanliness and the germination rate both larger than 80% are selected;
step 4-1, sterilization after seed sowing: the post-sowing treatment comprises post-sowing disinfection and water treatment in a seedling shed, wherein the post-sowing disinfection is to add 5kg of water into a sprayer after sowing, add 16g of 50% sodium sulfadiazine into the water, evenly spray the mixture on a floating seedling tray after sowing, and finally put the sterilized floating seedling tray into the seedling shed;
step 4-2, water treatment in the seedling raising shed: on the day that the seedling raising tray after being sowed is moved into a seedling raising shed, water with the depth of 20cm is added into the seedling raising shed, then prepared mother liquor is added into pool water for disinfection, and the mass ratio of chlorine dioxide mother liquor to water is 1: 100;
step 5, seedling management: the temperature in the seedling raising shed is kept at 20-35 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 90%. When the erigeron breviscapus enters a little cross period, spraying a bactericide to the erigeron breviscapus, wherein the first spraying of the bactericide is to mix 1g of 38 percent oxadixyl copper pyrimethanil and 4g of 80 percent mancozeb and then prepare the mixture into 1000 times of liquid, the first spraying time is the 10 th day after the sowing is finished, the second spraying of the bactericide is to mix 1g of 15 percent hymexazol, 2g of 72.2 percent propamocarb and 2g of 75 percent chlorothalonil and then prepare the mixture into 1200 times of liquid, the second spraying time is the 30 th day after the sowing is finished, the third spraying of the bactericide is to mix 3g of 99 percent monopotassium phosphate 1000 times of liquid, 2g of 40 percent pyrimethanil and 2g of 72 percent cymoxanil and then prepare into 800 times of liquid, the third spraying time is the 40 th day after the sowing is finished, the fourth spraying of the bactericide is to prepare into 900 times of liquid, and the fourth spraying time is the 55 th day after the sowing is finished, when the condition of the erigeron breviscapus seedling is discovered, the erigeron breviscapus seedling needs to be cleaned out of the shed in time.
Example 2
A method for preventing occurrence of cataplexy in seedling stage of fleabane flower floating seedling comprises the following steps:
step 1, pretreatment before sowing: selecting the time for seedling culture and seeding in 2-month-last ten days, wherein the average temperature is 7 ℃ and the weather is clear, before seedling culture and seeding, 3kg of erigeron breviscapus seeds with the storage period of 8 months are placed in a cloth bag, a wood stick is used for repeatedly beating more than 25 minutes to 95 percent of seed crown hairs to fall off, the beaten seeds are screened by a 6-mesh sieve, and then the air speed is 1.6m/s or the air pressure is 0.68N/m2Winnowing is carried out before the fan to ensure that the purity of the seeds is more than 85 percent;
step 2-1, preparation of disinfectant: selecting 10% chlorine dioxide powder, preparing mother liquor with water according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and then adding the mother liquor into the water according to the mass ratio of 1:50 to prepare disinfectant;
step 2-2, sterilizing the floating seedling raising tray: absorbing disinfectant by using a high-pressure water gun to carry out comprehensive spraying disinfection on the floating seedling-raising tray, intensively stacking the disinfected floating seedling-raising tray downwards with a hole to form a cube, sealing the stacked floating seedling-raising tray by using a plastic film as a whole, and stacking for 5 days;
step 2-3, sterilizing the seedling shed: disinfecting the inner wall of the seedling raising shed 7 days before seeding operation, wherein the disinfection mode is that a high-pressure water gun is used for absorbing disinfectant to spray the inner wall of the seedling raising shed, the inner wall of the seedling raising shed is sprayed twice by the disinfectant, the seedling raising shed is closed after disinfection is finished, and fumigation is carried out for 1 day;
step 3-1, substrate disinfection: the seeding comprises substrate disinfection, preparation of fine substrates and seed spreading, wherein the substrate disinfection is to mix 20g of wettable powder of 50% carbendazim, 17ml of 3% hymexazol aqua and 3g of 4% +40% refined methyloxa manganese zinc wettable powder, add 10kg of water to form a liquid medicine, add the liquid medicine into each 70kg of substrates according to the mass ratio of one part of liquid medicine, uniformly stir the liquid medicine and the substrates, and finally obtain the seedling substrate;
step 3-2, preparation of fine matrix: screening the seedling substrate through a 2-mesh sieve to obtain a fine substrate;
step 3-3, seed sowing: filling a seedling substrate into a floating seedling raising tray, then pressing tightly by hands and wiping off redundant substrate on the tray surface, then adding 90g of erigeron breviscapus seeds into 500g of fine substrate and uniformly stirring, finally uniformly scattering the fine substrate mixed with the erigeron breviscapus seeds on 48 floating seedling raising trays, and enabling 6 erigeron breviscapus seeds to be arranged in each hole, wherein before the erigeron breviscapus seeds are stirred with the fine substrate, the seeds need to be subjected to quality detection and seed germination experiments, and the erigeron breviscapus seeds with the seed cleanliness and the germination rate both larger than 85% are selected;
step 4-1, sterilization after seed sowing: the post-sowing treatment comprises post-sowing disinfection and water treatment in a seedling shed, wherein the post-sowing disinfection is to add 5kg of water into a sprayer after sowing, add 16g of 50% sodium sulfadiazine into the water, evenly spray the mixture on a floating seedling tray after sowing, and finally put the sterilized floating seedling tray into the seedling shed;
step 4-2, water treatment in the seedling raising shed: on the day that the seedling raising tray after being sowed is moved into a seedling raising shed, water with the depth of 15cm is added into the seedling raising shed, then prepared mother liquor is added into pool water for disinfection, and the mass ratio of chlorine dioxide mother liquor to water is 1: 100;
step 5, seedling management: the temperature in the seedling raising shed is kept at 20-35 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 90%. When the erigeron breviscapus enters a little cross period, spraying a bactericide to the erigeron breviscapus, wherein the first spraying of the bactericide is to mix 1g of 38 percent oxadixyl copper pyrimethanil and 4g of 80 percent mancozeb and then prepare the mixture into 1200 times of liquid, the first spraying time is 15 days after sowing, the second spraying of the bactericide is to mix 15 percent hymexazol 1g, 72.2 percent propamocarb 2g and 75 percent chlorothalonil 2g and then prepare the mixture into 800 times of liquid, the second spraying time is 25 days after sowing, the third spraying of the bactericide is to mix 99 percent monopotassium phosphate 1000 times of liquid 3g, 40 percent pyrimethanil 2g and 72 percent cymoxanil 2g and then prepare into 1000 times of liquid, the third spraying time is 45 days after sowing, the fourth spraying of the bactericide is to prepare into 43 percent methyl ethyl manganese zinc 2g into 700 times of liquid, and the fourth spraying time is 55 days after sowing, when the condition of the erigeron breviscapus seedling is discovered, the erigeron breviscapus seedling needs to be cleaned out of the shed in time.
Example 3
A method for preventing occurrence of cataplexy in seedling stage of fleabane flower floating seedling comprises the following steps:
step 1, pretreatment before sowing: selecting the time for seedling culture and sowing in 1 last ten days of each year, wherein the average temperature is 8 ℃ and the weather is clear, before seedling culture and sowing, 4kg of erigeron breviscapus seeds with the storage period of 5 months are placed in a cloth bag, a wood stick is used for repeatedly beating more than 20 minutes to 91 percent of the crown hairs of the seeds to fall off, the beaten seeds are screened by a sieve of 6 meshes, and then the air speed is 2m/s or the air pressure is 0.2N/m2Winnowing is carried out before the fan to ensure that the purity of the seeds is more than 90 percent;
step 2-1, preparation of disinfectant: selecting 10% chlorine dioxide powder, preparing mother liquor with water according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and then adding the mother liquor into the water according to the mass ratio of 1:50 to prepare disinfectant;
step 2-2, sterilizing the floating seedling raising tray: absorbing disinfectant by using a high-pressure water gun to carry out comprehensive spraying disinfection on the floating seedling-raising tray, intensively stacking the disinfected floating seedling-raising tray downwards with the hole opening to form a cuboid, sealing the stacked floating seedling-raising tray by using a plastic film in whole, and stacking for 6 days;
step 2-3, sterilizing the seedling shed: disinfecting the inner wall of the seedling raising shed 6 days before the seeding operation, wherein the disinfection mode is that a high-pressure water gun is used for absorbing disinfectant to spray the inner wall of the seedling raising shed, the inner wall of the seedling raising shed is sprayed with the disinfectant for three times, the seedling raising shed is closed after the disinfection is finished, and the fumigation and disinfection time is 2 days;
step 3-1, substrate disinfection: the seeding comprises substrate disinfection, preparation of fine substrates and seed spreading, wherein the substrate disinfection is to mix 20g of wettable powder of 50% carbendazim, 17ml of 3% hymexazol aqua and 3g of 4% +40% refined methyloxa manganese zinc wettable powder, add 10kg of water to form a liquid medicine, add the liquid medicine into each 70kg of substrates according to the mass ratio of one part of liquid medicine, uniformly stir the liquid medicine and the substrates, and finally obtain the seedling substrate;
step 3-2, preparation of fine matrix: screening the seedling substrate through a 2-mesh sieve to obtain a fine substrate;
step 3-3, seed sowing: filling a seedling substrate into a floating seedling raising tray, then pressing tightly by hands and wiping off redundant substrate on the tray surface, then adding 90g of erigeron breviscapus seeds into 500g of fine substrate and uniformly stirring, finally uniformly scattering the fine substrate mixed with the erigeron breviscapus seeds on 48 floating seedling raising trays, and enabling 4 erigeron breviscapus seeds to be arranged in each hole, wherein before the erigeron breviscapus seeds are stirred with the fine substrate, the seeds need to be subjected to quality detection and seed germination experiments, and the erigeron breviscapus seeds with the seed cleanliness and the germination rate both larger than 90% are selected;
step 4-1, sterilization after seed sowing: the post-sowing treatment comprises post-sowing disinfection and water treatment in a seedling shed, wherein the post-sowing disinfection refers to that 5kg of water is added into a sprayer after sowing, then 50% of sodium sulfadiazine 16g is added into the water, the mixture is evenly shaken and then evenly sprayed on a floating seedling tray after sowing is finished, and finally the sterilized floating seedling tray is placed into the seedling shed;
step 4-2, water treatment in the seedling raising shed: on the day that the seedling raising tray after being sowed is moved into a seedling raising shed, water with the depth of 16cm is added into the seedling raising shed, then prepared mother liquor is added into pool water for disinfection, and the mass ratio of chlorine dioxide mother liquor to water is 1: 100;
step 5, seedling management: the temperature in the seedling raising shed is kept at 25 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 90%. When the erigeron breviscapus enters a little cross period, spraying a bactericide to the erigeron breviscapus, wherein the first spraying of the bactericide is to mix 1g of 38 percent oxadixyl copper pyrimethanil and 4g of 80 percent mancozeb and then prepare the bactericide into 1100 times of liquid, the first spraying is to 11 days after the sowing is finished, the second spraying of the bactericide is to mix 15 percent hymexazol 1g, 72.2 percent propamocarb 2g and 75 percent chlorothalonil 2g and then prepare the bactericide into 900 times of liquid, the second spraying is to 27 days after the sowing is finished, the third spraying of the bactericide is to mix 99 percent monopotassium phosphate 1000 times of liquid 3g, 40 percent pyrimethanil 2g and 72 percent cymoxanil 2g and then prepare into 850 times of liquid, the third spraying is to 42 days after the sowing is finished, the fourth spraying of the bactericide is to prepare into 780 times of liquid, and the fourth spraying is to 57 days after the sowing is finished, when the condition of the erigeron breviscapus seedling is discovered, the erigeron breviscapus seedling needs to be cleaned out of the shed in time.
Example 4
A method for preventing occurrence of cataplexy in seedling stage of fleabane flower floating seedling comprises the following steps:
step 1, pretreatment before sowing: selecting the time for seedling culture and seeding in 2 last ten days of each year, wherein the average temperature is 9 ℃ and the weather is clear, before seedling culture and seeding, 3.5kg of erigeron breviscapus seeds with the storage period of 1 year are placed in a cloth bag, a wood stick is used for repeatedly beating more than 23 minutes to 90 percent of seed crown hairs to fall off, the beaten seeds are screened by a sieve of 6 meshes, and then the wind speed is 2.5m/s or the wind pressure is 0.60N/m2Winnowing is carried out before the fan to ensure that the purity of the seeds is more than 95 percent;
step 2-1, preparation of disinfectant: selecting 10% chlorine dioxide powder, preparing mother liquor with water according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and then adding the mother liquor into the water according to the mass ratio of 1:50 to prepare disinfectant;
step 2-2, sterilizing the floating seedling raising tray: absorbing disinfectant by using a high-pressure water gun to carry out comprehensive spraying disinfection on the floating seedling-raising tray, intensively stacking the disinfected floating seedling-raising tray downwards with a hole to form a cylinder, sealing the stacked floating seedling-raising tray by using a plastic film as a whole, and stacking for 6 days;
step 2-3, sterilizing the seedling shed: disinfecting the inner wall of the seedling raising shed 6 days before the seeding operation, wherein the disinfection mode is that a high-pressure water gun is used for absorbing disinfectant to spray the inner wall of the seedling raising shed, the inner wall of the seedling raising shed is sprayed with the disinfectant once, the seedling raising shed is closed after the disinfection is finished, and the fumigation is carried out for 2 days;
step 3-1, substrate disinfection: the seeding comprises matrix disinfection, preparation and sowing of fine matrix, wherein the matrix disinfection refers to mixing 20g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 17ml of 3% hymexazol aqueous solution and 3g of 4% +40% methyl cream manganous zinc wettable powder, adding 10kg of water to obtain a liquid medicine, adding one liquid medicine into each 70kg of matrix according to the mass ratio of one liquid medicine, and uniformly stirring the liquid medicine and the matrix to obtain the seedling culture matrix;
step 3-2, preparation of fine matrix: screening the seedling substrate through a 2-mesh sieve to obtain a fine substrate;
step 3-3, seed sowing: filling a seedling substrate into a floating seedling raising tray, then pressing tightly by hands and wiping off redundant substrate on the tray surface, then adding 90g of erigeron breviscapus seeds into 500g of fine substrate and uniformly stirring, finally uniformly scattering the fine substrate mixed with the erigeron breviscapus seeds on 48 floating seedling raising trays, and enabling 5 erigeron breviscapus seeds to be arranged in each hole, wherein before the erigeron breviscapus seeds are stirred with the fine substrate, the seeds need to be subjected to quality detection and seed germination experiments, and the erigeron breviscapus seeds with the seed cleanliness and the germination rate both larger than 95% are selected;
step 4-1, sterilization after seed sowing: the post-sowing treatment comprises post-sowing disinfection and water treatment in a seedling shed, wherein the post-sowing disinfection is to add 5kg of water into a sprayer after sowing, add 16g of 50% sodium sulfadiazine into the water, evenly spray the mixture on a floating seedling tray after sowing, and finally put the sterilized floating seedling tray into the seedling shed;
step 4-2, water treatment in the seedling raising shed: on the day that the seedling raising tray after being sowed is moved into a seedling raising shed, water with the depth of 19cm is added into the seedling raising shed, then prepared mother liquor is added into pool water for disinfection, and the mass ratio of chlorine dioxide mother liquor to water is 1: 100;
step 5, seedling management: the temperature in the seedling raising shed is kept at 32 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 80%. When the erigeron breviscapus enters a little cross period, spraying a bactericide to the erigeron breviscapus, wherein the first spraying of the bactericide is to mix 1g of 38 percent oxadixyl copper pyrimethanil and 4g of 80 percent mancozeb and then prepare the bactericide into 1100 times of liquid, the first spraying is to 14 days after the sowing is finished, the second spraying of the bactericide is to mix 15 percent hymexazol 1g, 72.2 percent propamocarb 2g and 75 percent chlorothalonil 2g and then prepare the bactericide into 1000 times of liquid, the second spraying is to 28 days after the sowing is finished, the third spraying of the bactericide is to mix 99 percent monopotassium phosphate 1000 times of liquid 3g, 40 percent pyrimethanil 2g and 72 percent cymoxanil 2g and then prepare 950 times of liquid, the third spraying is to 44 days after the sowing is finished, the fourth spraying of the bactericide is to prepare 43 percent methyl ethyl manganese zinc into 860 times of liquid, and the fourth spraying is to 60 days after the sowing is finished, when the condition of the erigeron breviscapus seedling is discovered, the erigeron breviscapus seedling needs to be cleaned out of the shed in time.
Example 5
A method for preventing occurrence of cataplexy in seedling stage of fleabane flower floating seedling comprises the following steps:
step 1, pretreatment before sowing: selecting the time for seedling culture and sowing in 1 last ten days of each year, wherein the average temperature is 9 ℃ and the weather is clear, before seedling culture and sowing, 4.5kg of erigeron breviscapus seeds with the storage period less than 1 year are placed in a cloth bag, a wood stick is used for repeatedly beating more than 20 minutes to 90 percent of seed crown hairs to fall off, the beaten seeds are screened by a sieve of 6 meshes, and then the wind speed is 2.9m/s or the wind pressure is 0.35N/m2Winnowing is carried out before the fan to ensure that the purity of the seeds is more than 80 percent;
step 2-1, preparation of disinfectant: selecting 10% chlorine dioxide powder, preparing mother liquor with water according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and then adding the mother liquor into the water according to the mass ratio of 1:50 to prepare disinfectant;
step 2-2, sterilizing the floating seedling raising tray: absorbing disinfectant by using a high-pressure water gun to carry out comprehensive spraying disinfection on the floating seedling-raising tray, intensively stacking the disinfected floating seedling-raising tray downwards with the hole opening to form a cuboid, sealing the stacked floating seedling-raising tray by using a plastic film in an integral manner, and stacking for 5 days;
step 2-3, sterilizing the seedling shed: disinfecting the inner wall of the seedling raising shed 6 days before the seeding operation, wherein the disinfection mode is that a high-pressure water gun is used for absorbing disinfectant to spray the inner wall of the seedling raising shed, the inner wall of the seedling raising shed is sprayed with the disinfectant once, the seedling raising shed is closed after the disinfection is finished, and the fumigation is carried out for 2 days;
step 3-1, substrate disinfection: the seeding comprises substrate disinfection, preparation of fine substrates and seed spreading, wherein the substrate disinfection is to mix 20g of wettable powder of 50% carbendazim, 17ml of 3% hymexazol aqua and 3g of 4% +40% refined methyloxa manganese zinc wettable powder, add 10kg of water to form a liquid medicine, add the liquid medicine into each 70kg of substrates according to the mass ratio of one part of liquid medicine, uniformly stir the liquid medicine and the substrates, and finally obtain the seedling substrate;
step 3-2, preparation of fine matrix: screening the seedling substrate through a 2-mesh sieve to obtain a fine substrate;
step 3-3, seed sowing: filling a seedling substrate into a floating seedling raising tray, then pressing by hand and wiping off redundant substrate on the tray surface, then adding 90g of erigeron breviscapus seeds into 500g of fine substrate and uniformly stirring, finally uniformly scattering the fine substrate mixed with the erigeron breviscapus seeds on 48 floating seedling raising trays, and enabling 6 erigeron breviscapus seeds to be arranged in each hole, wherein before the erigeron breviscapus seeds are stirred with the fine substrate, the seeds need to be subjected to quality detection and seed germination experiments, and the erigeron breviscapus seeds with the seed cleanliness and the germination rate both larger than 80% are selected;
step 4-1, sterilization after seed sowing: the post-sowing treatment comprises post-sowing disinfection and water treatment in a seedling shed, wherein the post-sowing disinfection is to add 5kg of water into a sprayer after sowing, add 16g of 50% sodium sulfadiazine into the water, evenly spray the mixture on a floating seedling tray after sowing, and finally put the sterilized floating seedling tray into the seedling shed;
step 4-2, water treatment in the seedling raising shed: on the day that the seedling raising tray after being sowed is moved into a seedling raising shed, water with the depth of 16cm is added into the seedling raising shed, then prepared mother liquor is added into pool water for disinfection, and the mass ratio of chlorine dioxide mother liquor to water is 1: 100;
step 5, seedling management: the temperature in the seedling raising shed is maintained at 34 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 90%. When the erigeron breviscapus enters a little cross period, spraying a bactericide to the erigeron breviscapus, wherein the first spraying of the bactericide is to mix 1g of 38 percent oxadixyl copper pyrimethanil and 4g of 80 percent mancozeb and then prepare the mixture into 1000 times of liquid, the first spraying time is the 15 th day after the sowing is finished, the second spraying of the bactericide is to mix 15 percent hymexazol 1g, 72.2 percent propamocarb 2g and 75 percent chlorothalonil 2g and then prepare the mixture into 900 times of liquid, the second spraying time is the 27 th day after the sowing is finished, the third spraying of the bactericide is to mix 99 percent monopotassium phosphate 1000 times of liquid 3g, 40 percent pyrimethanil 2g and 72 percent cymoxanil 2g and then prepare into 900 times of liquid, the third spraying time is the 43 th day after the sowing, the fourth spraying of the bactericide is to prepare into 900 times of liquid, and the fourth spraying time is the 60 th day after the sowing is finished, when the condition of the erigeron breviscapus seedling is discovered, the erigeron breviscapus seedling needs to be cleaned out of the shed in time.
Example 6
A method for preventing occurrence of cataplexy in seedling stage of fleabane flower floating seedling comprises the following steps:
step 1, pretreatment before sowing: selecting the time for seedling culture and seeding in 2 last ten days of each year, wherein the average temperature is 10 ℃ and the weather is clear, before seedling culture and seeding, firstly placing 5kg of erigeron breviscapus seeds with the storage period less than 1 year into a cloth bag, repeatedly beating more than 20 minutes to 93 percent of seed crown hairs by using a wood stick, screening the beaten seeds by using a 6-mesh sieve, and then screening the seeds at the wind speed of 2.3m/s or the wind pressure of 0.55N/m2Winnowing is carried out before the fan to ensure that the purity of the seeds is more than 80 percent;
step 2-1, preparation of disinfectant: selecting 10% chlorine dioxide powder, preparing mother liquor with water according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and then adding the mother liquor into the water according to the mass ratio of 1:50 to prepare disinfectant;
step 2-2, sterilizing the floating seedling raising tray: absorbing disinfectant by using a high-pressure water gun to carry out comprehensive spraying disinfection on the floating seedling-raising tray, intensively stacking the disinfected floating seedling-raising tray downwards with the hole opening to form a cuboid, sealing the stacked floating seedling-raising tray by using a plastic film in whole, and stacking for 7 days;
step 2-3, sterilizing the seedling shed: disinfecting the inner wall of the seedling raising shed 7 days before sowing, wherein the disinfection mode is that a high-pressure water gun is used for absorbing disinfectant to spray the inner wall of the seedling raising shed, the inner wall of the seedling raising shed is sprayed with the disinfectant once, the seedling raising shed is closed after disinfection is finished, and the fumigation and disinfection time is 2 days;
step 3-1, substrate disinfection: the seeding comprises substrate disinfection, preparation of fine substrates and seed spreading, wherein the substrate disinfection is to mix 20g of wettable powder of 50% carbendazim, 17ml of 3% hymexazol aqua and 3g of 4% +40% refined methyloxa manganese zinc wettable powder, add 10kg of water to form a liquid medicine, add the liquid medicine into each 70kg of substrates according to the mass ratio of one part of liquid medicine, uniformly stir the liquid medicine and the substrates, and finally obtain the seedling substrate;
step 3-2, preparation of fine matrix: screening the seedling substrate through a 2-mesh sieve to obtain a fine substrate;
step 3-3, seed sowing: filling a seedling substrate into a floating seedling raising tray, then pressing by hand and wiping off redundant substrate on the tray surface, then adding 90g of erigeron breviscapus seeds into 500g of fine substrate and uniformly stirring, finally uniformly scattering the fine substrate mixed with the erigeron breviscapus seeds on 48 floating seedling raising trays, and enabling 4 erigeron breviscapus seeds to be arranged in each hole, wherein before the erigeron breviscapus seeds are stirred with the fine substrate, the seeds need to be subjected to quality detection and seed germination experiments, and the erigeron breviscapus seeds with the seed cleanliness and the germination rate both larger than 81% are selected;
step 4-1, sterilization after seed sowing: the post-sowing treatment comprises post-sowing disinfection and water treatment in a seedling shed, wherein the post-sowing disinfection is to add 5kg of water into a sprayer after sowing, add 16g of 50% sodium sulfadiazine into the water, evenly spray the mixture on a floating seedling tray after sowing, and finally put the sterilized floating seedling tray into the seedling shed;
step 4-2, water treatment in the seedling raising shed: on the day that the seedling raising tray after being sowed is moved into a seedling raising shed, water with the depth of 18cm is added into the seedling raising shed, then prepared mother liquor is added into pool water for disinfection, and the mass ratio of chlorine dioxide mother liquor to water is 1: 100;
step 5, seedling management: the temperature in the seedling raising shed is kept at 27 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 70%. When the erigeron breviscapus enters a little cross period, spraying a bactericide to the erigeron breviscapus, wherein the first spraying of the bactericide is to mix 1g of 38 percent oxadixyl copper pyrimethanil and 4g of 80 percent mancozeb and then prepare the mixture into 1200 times of liquid, the first spraying time is 13 days after the sowing is finished, the second spraying of the bactericide is to mix 1g of 15 percent hymexazol, 2g of 72.2 percent propamocarb and 2g of 75 percent chlorothalonil and then prepare the mixture into 1100 times of liquid, the second spraying time is 27 days after the sowing is finished, the third spraying of the bactericide is to mix 3g of 99 percent monopotassium phosphate 1000 times of liquid, 2g of 40 percent pyrimethanil and 2g of 72 percent cymoxanil and then prepare 880 times of liquid, the third spraying time is 41 days after the sowing is finished, the fourth spraying of the bactericide is to prepare 880 times of liquid by 43 percent methyl-zinc, and the fourth spraying time is 59 days after the sowing is finished, when the condition of the erigeron breviscapus seedling is discovered, the erigeron breviscapus seedling needs to be cleaned out of the shed in time.
Example 7
A method for preventing occurrence of cataplexy in seedling stage of fleabane flower floating seedling comprises the following steps:
step 1, pretreatment before sowing: selecting the time for seedling culture and sowing in 1 last ten days of each year, wherein the average temperature is 9 ℃ and the weather is clear, before seedling culture and sowing, 4.5kg of erigeron breviscapus seeds with the storage period less than 1 year are placed in a cloth bag, a wood stick is used for repeatedly beating 19 minutes to more than 90 percent of seed crown hairs to fall off, the beaten seeds are screened by a sieve of 6 meshes, and then the wind speed is 3.0m/s or the wind pressure is 0.30N/m2Winnowing is carried out before the fan to ensure that the purity of the seeds is more than 81 percent;
step 2-1, preparation of disinfectant: selecting 10% chlorine dioxide powder, preparing mother liquor with water according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and then adding the mother liquor into the water according to the mass ratio of 1:50 to prepare disinfectant;
step 2-2, sterilizing the floating seedling raising tray: absorbing disinfectant by using a high-pressure water gun to carry out comprehensive spraying disinfection on the floating seedling-raising tray, intensively stacking the disinfected floating seedling-raising tray downwards with a hole to form a frustum, sealing the stacked floating seedling-raising tray by using a plastic film as a whole, and stacking for 6 days;
step 2-3, sterilizing the seedling shed: disinfecting the inner wall of the seedling raising shed 5 days before the seeding operation, wherein the disinfection mode is that a high-pressure water gun is used for absorbing disinfectant to spray the inner wall of the seedling raising shed, the inner wall of the seedling raising shed is sprayed with the disinfectant once, the seedling raising shed is closed after the disinfection is finished, and the fumigation is carried out for 2 days;
step 3-1, substrate disinfection: the seeding comprises substrate disinfection, preparation of fine substrates and seed spreading, wherein the substrate disinfection is to mix 20g of wettable powder of 50% carbendazim, 17ml of 3% hymexazol aqua and 3g of 4% +40% refined methyloxa manganese zinc wettable powder, add 10kg of water to form a liquid medicine, add the liquid medicine into each 70kg of substrates according to the mass ratio of one part of liquid medicine, uniformly stir the liquid medicine and the substrates, and finally obtain the seedling substrate;
step 3-2, preparation of fine matrix: screening the seedling substrate through a 2-mesh sieve to obtain a fine substrate;
step 3-3, seed sowing: filling a seedling substrate into a floating seedling raising tray, then pressing by hand and wiping off redundant substrate on the tray surface, then adding 90g of erigeron breviscapus seeds into 500g of fine substrate and uniformly stirring, finally uniformly scattering the fine substrate mixed with the erigeron breviscapus seeds on 48 floating seedling raising trays, and enabling 6 erigeron breviscapus seeds to be arranged in each hole, wherein before the erigeron breviscapus seeds are stirred with the fine substrate, the seeds need to be subjected to quality detection and seed germination experiments, and the erigeron breviscapus seeds with the seed cleanliness and the germination rate both larger than 80% are selected;
step 4-1, sterilization after seed sowing: the post-sowing treatment comprises post-sowing disinfection and water treatment in a seedling shed, wherein the post-sowing disinfection is to add 5kg of water into a sprayer after sowing, add 16g of 50% sodium sulfadiazine into the water, evenly spray the mixture on a floating seedling tray after sowing, and finally put the sterilized floating seedling tray into the seedling shed;
step 4-2, water treatment in the seedling raising shed: on the day that the seedling raising tray after being sowed is moved into a seedling raising shed, water with the depth of 20cm is added into the seedling raising shed, then prepared mother liquor is added into pool water for disinfection, and the mass ratio of chlorine dioxide mother liquor to water is 1: 100;
step 5, seedling management: the temperature in the seedling raising shed is kept at 25 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 85%. When the erigeron breviscapus enters a little cross period, spraying a bactericide to the erigeron breviscapus, wherein the first spraying of the bactericide is to mix 1g of 38 percent oxadixyl copper pyrimethanil and 4g of 80 percent mancozeb and then prepare the mixture into 1200 times of liquid, the first spraying is to 12 days after the sowing is finished, the second spraying of the bactericide is to mix 15 percent hymexazol 1g, 72.2 percent propamocarb 2g and 75 percent chlorothalonil 2g and then prepare the mixture into 820 times of liquid, the second spraying is to 29 days after the sowing is finished, the third spraying of the bactericide is to mix 99 percent monopotassium phosphate 1000 times of liquid 3g, 40 percent pyrimethanil 2g and 72 percent cymoxanil 2g and then prepare 950 times of liquid, the third spraying is to 41 days after the sowing is finished, the fourth spraying of the bactericide is to prepare into 880 times of liquid by 43 percent methyl-zinc, and the fourth spraying is to 56 days after the sowing is finished, when the condition of the erigeron breviscapus seedling is discovered, the erigeron breviscapus seedling needs to be cleaned out of the shed in time.
Example 8
A method for preventing occurrence of cataplexy in seedling stage of fleabane flower floating seedling comprises the following steps:
step 1, pretreatment before sowing: selecting the time for seedling culture and sowing when the average temperature is 7 ℃ and the weather is clear in the last ten days of 2 months per year, placing 5kg of erigeron breviscapus hair seeds with the storage period less than 1 year in cloth bags before seedling culture and sowing, repeatedly beating the seeds for 25 minutes by using a wood stick until more than 90% of the seed crown hairs fall off, wherein the mass of the erigeron breviscapus hair seeds in each cloth bag is 3kg, screening the beaten seeds by using a 6-mesh sieve, and then carrying out the seedling culture and sowing at the wind speed of 3.1m/s or the wind pressure of 0.55N/m2Winnowing is carried out before the fan to ensure that the purity of the seeds is more than 90 percent;
step 2-1, preparation of disinfectant: selecting 10% chlorine dioxide powder, preparing mother liquor with water according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and then adding the mother liquor into the water according to the mass ratio of 1:50 to prepare disinfectant;
step 2-2, sterilizing the floating seedling raising tray: absorbing disinfectant by using a high-pressure water gun to carry out comprehensive spraying disinfection on the floating seedling raising tray, intensively stacking the disinfected floating seedling raising tray downwards with a hole opening to form a cuboid or other regular bodies, sealing the stacked floating seedling raising tray by using a plastic film, and stacking for 6 days;
step 2-3, sterilizing the seedling shed: disinfecting the inner wall of the seedling raising shed 6 days before the seeding operation, wherein the disinfection mode is that a high-pressure water gun is used for absorbing disinfectant to spray the inner wall of the seedling raising shed, the inner wall of the seedling raising shed is sprayed with the disinfectant once, the seedling raising shed is closed after the disinfection is finished, and the fumigation is carried out for 1 day;
step 3-1, substrate disinfection: the seeding comprises substrate disinfection, preparation of fine substrates and seed spreading, wherein the substrate disinfection is to mix 20g of wettable powder of 50% carbendazim, 17ml of 3% hymexazol aqua and 3g of 4% +40% refined methyloxa manganese zinc wettable powder, add 10kg of water to form a liquid medicine, add the liquid medicine into each 70kg of substrates according to the mass ratio of one part of liquid medicine, uniformly stir the liquid medicine and the substrates, and finally obtain the seedling substrate;
step 3-2, preparation of fine matrix: screening the seedling substrate through a 2-mesh sieve to obtain a fine substrate;
step 3-3, seed sowing: filling a seedling substrate into a floating seedling raising tray, then pressing tightly by hands and wiping off redundant substrate on the tray surface, then adding 90g of erigeron breviscapus seeds into 500g of fine substrate and uniformly stirring, finally uniformly scattering the fine substrate mixed with the erigeron breviscapus seeds on 48 floating seedling raising trays, and enabling 56 erigeron breviscapus seeds to be arranged in each hole, wherein before the erigeron breviscapus seeds are stirred with the fine substrate, the seeds need to be subjected to quality detection and seed germination experiments, and the erigeron breviscapus seeds with the seed cleanliness and the germination rate both larger than 85% are selected;
step 4-1, sterilization after seed sowing: the post-sowing treatment comprises post-sowing disinfection and water treatment in a seedling shed, wherein the post-sowing disinfection is to add 5kg of water into a sprayer after sowing, add 16g of 50% sodium sulfadiazine into the water, evenly spray the mixture on a floating seedling tray after sowing, and finally put the sterilized floating seedling tray into the seedling shed;
step 4-2, water treatment in the seedling raising shed: on the day that the seedling raising tray after being sowed is moved into a seedling raising shed, water with the depth of 15cm is added into the seedling raising shed, then prepared mother liquor is added into pool water for disinfection, and the mass ratio of chlorine dioxide mother liquor to water is 1: 100;
step 5, seedling management: the temperature in the seedling raising shed is kept at 35 ℃, and the relative humidity is less than 90%. When the erigeron breviscapus enters a little cross period, spraying a bactericide to the erigeron breviscapus, wherein the first spraying of the bactericide is to mix 1g of 38 percent oxadixyl copper pyrimethanil with 4g of 80 percent mancozeb and then prepare 1050 times of liquid, the first spraying is to 14 days after the sowing is finished, the second spraying of the bactericide is to mix 15 percent hymexazol 1g, 72.2 percent propamocarb 2g and 75 percent chlorothalonil 2g and then prepare 1150 times of liquid, the second spraying is to 27 days after the sowing is finished, the third spraying of the bactericide is to mix 99 percent monopotassium phosphate 1000 times of liquid 3g, 40 percent pyrimethanil 2g and 72 percent cymoxanil 2g and then prepare 800 times of liquid, the third spraying is to 45 days after the sowing is finished, the fourth spraying of the bactericide is to prepare 43 percent methyl ethyl manganese zinc 2g into 900 times of liquid, and the fourth spraying is to 56 days after the sowing is finished, when the condition of the erigeron breviscapus seedling is discovered, the erigeron breviscapus seedling needs to be cleaned out of the shed in time.
In the above examples 1 to 8, the seedling raising shed was 8 m long, 1.4 m wide and 1.2 m high, 48 floating seedling raising trays were set in one seedling raising shed, the length of the floating seedling raising tray was 65.5 cm, the width of the floating seedling raising tray was 33.5 cm and the height of the floating seedling raising tray was 4.5 cm, and 325 holes of the same size were made in each floating seedling raising tray.

Claims (8)

1. A method for preventing occurrence of cataplexy in seedling stage of fleabane flower floating seedling is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of seedling management, wherein the seedling management comprises the spraying of a seedling bactericide, the spraying of the seedling bactericide specifically refers to the regular alternate spraying of the bactericide for the erigeron breviscapus seedlings after the seeds in a seedling shed germinate into a small cross phase, and the regular alternate spraying of the bactericide refers to the alternate use of the bactericide for preventing damping-off in the seedling phase;
the regular alternate spraying of the bactericide on the erigeron breviscapus seedlings specifically refers to that the bactericide is sprayed on the erigeron breviscapus seedlings for four times in a period of every 15 days in two months after sowing is finished;
the spraying time of the bactericide and the bactericide for spraying the erigeron breviscapus seedlings in one seedling raising shed after the sowing is finished is as follows:
the bactericide sprayed for the first time is prepared by mixing 1g of 38% pyriminostrobin and 4g of 80% mancozeb into 1000-1200 times of liquid, wherein the time for spraying for the first time is 10-15 days after sowing is finished;
the second spraying of the bactericide is to mix 1g of hymexazol 15%, 2g of propamocarb 72.2% and 2g of chlorothalonil 75%, then prepare the mixture into 800-1200 times of liquid, and the time of the second spraying is 25-30 days after the sowing is finished;
the bactericide is sprayed for the third time, wherein 3g of 1000-fold liquid of 99% monopotassium phosphate, 2g of 40% pyrimethanil and 2g of 72% cymoxanil are mixed to prepare 800-1000-fold liquid, and the time for spraying for the third time is 40-45 days after sowing is finished;
the fourth spraying of the bactericide is to prepare a 700-900 times liquid by 2g of 43% refined methyl frost manganese zinc, and the fourth spraying time is 55-60 days after the sowing is finished.
2. The method for preventing the occurrence of cataplexy in the seedling stage of the fleabane flower floating seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method also comprises the steps of pre-sowing treatment, disinfection treatment before sowing, sowing and post-sowing treatment, wherein the pre-sowing treatment refers to the time for seedling cultivation and sowing from the middle and last ten days of 1 month to 2 months every year, the average temperature is 7-10 ℃ and the weather is clear, before seedling cultivation and sowing, 3-5 kg of erigeron breviscapus hair seeds with the storage period of less than 1 year are placed in a cloth bag, a wood stick is used for repeatedly beating more than 18-25 minutes and 90% of seed crown hair to fall off, the beaten seeds are screened by a 6-mesh sieve, and then the wind speed is 1.6-3.3 m/s or the wind pressure is 0.016-0.68N/m2The air separation is carried out before the blower, so that the purity of the seeds is more than 80 percent.
3. The method for preventing the occurrence of cataplexy in the seedling stage of the fleabane flower floating seedlings according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the disinfection treatment before sowing comprises the preparation of a disinfectant, the disinfection of a floating seedling raising tray and the disinfection of a seedling raising shed, wherein the preparation of the disinfectant refers to the preparation of a mother solution by selecting 10% chlorine dioxide powder and adding water according to the mass ratio of 1:10, and then adding the mother solution into the water according to the mass ratio of 1:50 to prepare the disinfectant;
the sterilization of the floating seedling raising tray refers to that a high-pressure water gun is used for absorbing disinfectant to spray and sterilize the floating seedling raising tray, the hole opening of the sterilized floating seedling raising tray needs to be downwards intensively stacked, the stacked floating seedling raising tray is integrally sealed by a plastic film, air circulation is prevented, and the stacking time is 5-7 days;
the disinfection of seedling shed is that 5 ~ 7 days before seeding operation disinfect to seedling shed inner wall, and the disinfection mode is for absorbing the antiseptic solution with high-pressure squirt and spraying seedling shed inner wall, at least once is sprayed by the antiseptic solution on seedling shed inner wall, closes erigeron breviscapus seedling shed and fumigates after the disinfection is accomplished, the time of fumigation is 1 ~ 2 days.
4. The method for preventing the occurrence of cataplexy in the seedling stage of the fleabane flower floating seedlings according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the seeding comprises substrate disinfection, preparation of fine substrates and seed spreading, wherein the substrate disinfection is to mix 20g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 17ml of 3% hymexazol aqua and 3g of 4% +40% refined methyloxa manganese zinc wettable powder, add 10kg of water to mix into a liquid medicine, then add the liquid medicine into each 70kg of substrates according to the proportion of adding one liquid medicine, stir the liquid medicine and the substrates uniformly, and finally obtain the seedling substrate;
the fine matrix screening means that the seedling culture matrix is screened through a 2-mesh screen to obtain a fine matrix;
the sowing specifically comprises the steps of filling the seedling substrate into floating seedling plates, pressing the floating seedling plates tightly by hands, wiping off redundant substrate on the plate surfaces, adding 90g of erigeron breviscapus seeds into 500g of fine substrate, uniformly stirring, and uniformly scattering the fine substrate mixed with the erigeron breviscapus seeds on 48 floating seedling plates, wherein 3-6 erigeron breviscapus seeds are arranged in each hole.
5. The method for preventing the occurrence of cataplexy in the seedling stage of the fleabane flower floating seedlings according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: in the step of sowing, the quality detection and seed germination experiments are carried out on the breviscapine seeds before the breviscapine seeds are stirred with the fine matrix, and the breviscapine seeds with the seed cleanliness and the germination rate both larger than 80% are selected.
6. The method for preventing the occurrence of cataplexy in the seedling stage of the fleabane flower floating seedlings according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the post-sowing treatment comprises post-sowing disinfection and water treatment in a seedling shed, wherein the post-sowing disinfection is that 5kg of water is added into a sprayer after sowing, then 50% of sodium sulfadiazine 16g is added into the water, the mixture is evenly shaken and then evenly sprayed on a floating seedling tray after sowing is finished, and finally the sterilized floating seedling tray is placed in the seedling shed;
the water treatment in the seedling raising shed means that water with the depth of 15 cm-20 cm is added into the seedling raising shed on the day when the seedling raising plate after sowing is moved into the seedling raising shed, then prepared mother liquor is added into the pool water for disinfection, and the mass ratio of the chlorine dioxide mother liquor to the water is 1: 100.
7. The method for preventing the occurrence of cataplexy in the seedling stage of the fleabane flower floating seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the seedling management also comprises shed temperature control, wherein the shed temperature control specifically refers to keeping the temperature in the seedling shed at 20-35 ℃, the relative humidity is less than 90%, and meanwhile, when the condition of the erigeron breviscapus seedlings is discovered, the erigeron breviscapus seedlings are cleaned out of the shed in time.
8. The method for preventing the occurrence of cataplexy in the seedling stage of the fleabane flower floating seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the length of the seedling raising shed is 8 meters, the width of the seedling raising shed is 1.4 meters, the height of the seedling raising shed is 1.2 meters, 48 floating seedling raising plates are arranged in one seedling raising shed, the length of each floating seedling raising plate is 65.5 centimeters, the width of each floating seedling raising plate is 33.5 centimeters, the height of each floating seedling raising plate is 4.5 centimeters, and 325 holes with the same size are formed in each floating seedling raising plate.
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