CN103688742A - Floating seedling breeding method of erigeron breviscapus - Google Patents
Floating seedling breeding method of erigeron breviscapus Download PDFInfo
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- CN103688742A CN103688742A CN201410010755.XA CN201410010755A CN103688742A CN 103688742 A CN103688742 A CN 103688742A CN 201410010755 A CN201410010755 A CN 201410010755A CN 103688742 A CN103688742 A CN 103688742A
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 241001013934 Erigeron breviscapus Species 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000233679 Peronosporaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000132521 Erigeron Species 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 21
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005802 Mancozeb Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- IWDQPCIQCXRBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fenaminosulf Chemical compound [Na+].CN(C)C1=CC=C(N=NS([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 IWDQPCIQCXRBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001414989 Thysanoptera Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004619 high density foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-UNOMPAQXSA-N cyhalothrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-UNOMPAQXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005807 Metalaxyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009661 flower growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate Chemical compound COCC(=O)N(C(C)C(=O)OC)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MSFGZHUJTJBYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dichloroisocyanurate Chemical compound [Na+].ClN1C(=O)[N-]C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O MSFGZHUJTJBYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007592 spray painting technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y02P60/216—
Abstract
The invention discloses a floating seedling breeding method of erigeron breviscapus. The method comprises the following steps: setting up a seedling breeding greenhouse and a seedling breeding tank, wherein a seedling breeding floating disc is provided with 450 holes; preparing a seedling breeding matrix and a loading matrix; disinfecting, and seeding; managing temperature and humidity, and controlling the depth of water in the tank and the temperature of the seedling breeding greenhouse in various seedling breeding stages; preventing and eliminating moss and green alga, and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests; and fertilizing and controlling illumination of the seedling breeding tank in various seedling breeding stages. Compared with the prior art, the use amount of each seedling breeding floating disc matrix is saved by 50%; the seedling forming amount is averagely increased by 120%; the seed use amount for field transplanting is averagely saved by 54%; the cost is greatly saved; the survival rate of transplanted seeds and seedlings is 98.38% averagely; the control efficiency is averagely above 93% to main serious diseases, such as root rot, stem rot and downy mildew, in the nursery stage of erigeron breviscapus.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicinal plant cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method that fleabane flower is grown seedlings.
Background technology
Fleabane flower [Erigeron breviscapus(Vant.) Hand. – mazz.d] have another name called Erigeron breviscapus, erigeron breviscapus, eastern chrysanthemum, belong to composite family bitter fleabane and belong to herbaceous plant.At present the planting technology of fleabane flower mainly take direct-seeding planting and not balled transplanting plant as main, but live and not in balled transplanting planting process seedling management comparatively complicated, time-consuming, effort, weeding in seedling stage high in cost of production feature, seriously restrict the fast development of fleabane flower industry.
In recent years, Research Literature for fleabane flower floating seedlings aspect is less, prior art has the < < fleabane flower floating seedlings technology > > of < < Crop Diseases in Yunnan > > the 2nd phase in 2005, this technology adopts the method identical with tobacco floating seed rearing, adopt 200 holes and 162 hole seedling-cultivating trays to grow seedlings, except existing, the few substrates quantity of the amount of growing seedlings is large, can not meet outside the needs that fleabane flower is grown seedlings instantly, also exist seedling growing process, technical scheme is sufficiently complete, comprehensively, there is no the control of damage by disease and insect, the shortcomings such as fertilizer practice is unreasonable.
The < < fleabane flower floating seedlings technology of < < China agronomy circular > the 24th the 6th phase of volume of > in June, 2008 is newly visited > >, this paper has certain directive function to development fleabane flower floating seedlings, drawing grows seedlings will select the good seed of plumpness in the first year, matrix is peat: quartz sand: ash=3:1:1, the flue-cured tobacco nutrient solution emergence rate of nutrient solution N:P:K=1:1:1 is best.But the research only has seed, matrix, the impact of nutrient solution on emergence rate, not to needed illumination of each stage in fleabane flower seedling raising process, temperature, moisture, Pest managements etc. produce the crucial restrictive factor of important function and study to emerging, therefore, can't form a set of complete technical scheme applicable in suitable for producing, therefore, study the comprehensive system of a kind of technical scheme, substrates quantity is few, seed consumption is few, the amount of growing seedlings is large, the fleabane flower floating seedlings technology that transplanting survival rate is high, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, met social growing fleabane flower demand, protect wild fleabane flower resource, promote the development of fleabane flower industry to be significant.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of technical scheme complete, in seedling raising process the clear and definite system comprehensively of each crucial vegetative stage technical parameter, substrates quantity is few, seed consumption is few, the amount of growing seedlings is large, transplanting survival rate is high, on producing the floating seedlings culturing method of practical fleabane flower.
The floating seedlings culturing method of a kind of fleabane flower provided by the present invention, completes by following steps:
(1) build seedling raising greenhouse
Build long 40～50 meters, wide 20～30 meters, the arch-shaped steel frame booth of high 5 meters, booth surrounding and top are equipped with the seedling growth greenhouse of window;
(2) in seedling raising greenhouse, build nursery pond
Soil in smooth seedling raising greenhouse, builds nursery pond with the brick that specification is 40cm * 20cm * 20cm, and long 6～8 meters, wide 1.35 meters, high 0.2 meter of nursery pond, at nursery pond inwall and a complete plastic film of bottom surface paving;
(3) preparation seedling medium
By peat: perlite: the proportional arrangement seedling medium that the mass ratio of fertilizer is 3:1:1, organic matter >=45% mass fraction in described fertilizer;
(4) sterilization
Grow seedlings float dish for long 66cm, wide 33.8cm, high 3.5cm, hole be up big and down small cone, upper orifice diameter is the uniform 450 hole high-density foam dishes that 1.8cm, bottom water suction Circularhole diameter are 0.3cm, with mass fraction, be that 10% bleaching powder soaks to grow seedlings and floats dish 30 minutes, Babysafe with 500 times of liquid in seedling raising greenhouse sprays, and sprays once weekly;
(5) preparation of sabot matrix and filling
The seedling medium that sabot matrix is prepared by step (3) and 75% fenaminosulf wetting powder or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 98% copper sulphate add clear water by following quality than proportioning and puddle and form, the moisture of sabot matrix is 30-40% mass fraction, sabot matrix is packed into grow seedlings and float in the hole of dish; The mass ratio of seedling medium and 75% fenaminosulf wetting powder and 98% copper sulphate is: seedling medium: 75% fenaminosulf wetting powder: 98% copper sulphate=100:0.5:0.1; The mass ratio of seedling medium and 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 98% copper sulphate is: seedling medium: 50% this wetting powder of carbendazim: 98% copper sulphate=100:0.5:0.1; Described percentage is mass fraction;
(6) seeding method
With one grow seedlings float dish by its bottom water suction Circularhole diameter increase to 0.5cm, seed is packed into this grows seedlings and floats in the hole of dish, during sowing, growing seedlings of dress seed being floated to dish aims at and to have installed growing seedlings of sabot matrix and float dish, knocking growing seedlings of dress seed floats dish and seed is fallen into install growing seedlings of sabot matrix to float in the hole of dish, seeding quantity is floated the fleabane flower seed 0.3g that dish sowing germination rate is 40% for often growing seedlings, after planting with sprayer, atomized water is sprayed on to grow seedlings and floats on the seed of dish, by having broadcast growing seedlings of seed, float dish and put into the pond of growing seedlings;
(7) temperature humidity management
After planting the water temperature in whole nursery stage nursery pond remains on 15～26 ℃, after planting to cotyledon period depth of water be 5～6cm, 25 ℃≤canopy temperature≤35 ℃, cotyledon period is 10～15cm to leaf phase in tri-leaf period to six depth of water, 18 ℃≤canopy temperature≤25 ℃; Six leaf phase leaf phase to eight depth of water are 1～2cm, 25 ℃≤canopy temperature≤30 ℃;
(8) preventing and kill off of moss, green alga: be after planting that 2000 times of liquid of 98% copper sulphate are sprayed at and wholely grow seedlings that to float dish upper every three days with mass fraction, spray altogether 2～3 times;
(9) extermination of disease and insect pest:
1. the control of downy mildew: in fleabane flower leaf in tri-leaf period to six phase, with 400 times～600 times liquid sprayings of 72% first frost mancozeb wettable powder, every 1 time twice totally of medication in 5 days;
2. the control of root rot, stem rot: to tri-leaf period, add 75% tpn wetting powder 150g and 72% first frost mancozeb wettable powder 100g in each nursery pond, and mix with the moisture of Chi Shui at cotyledon period; Or in each nursery pond, add 50% carbendazol wettable powder 175g and 72% first frost mancozeb wettable powder 100g, and mix with the moisture of Chi Shui;
3. the control of insect pest: first the fly adult of finding to dive, aleyrodid, thrips insect adopt the physical method of yellow plate trapping to prevent and treat; For adopt yellow plate mass trapping not latent fly adult, aleyrodid, thrips insect with 2000 times of liquid sprayings of 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, prevent and treat;
(10) fertilising
Press cotyledon period to three fertilisings in periods of tri-leaf period, leaf phase in tri-leaf period to six, six leaf phases leaf phase to eight, cotyledon period is during to tri-leaf period, and it is 200～300 grams, urea, the P of 46.3% mass fraction that each nursery pond adds N content
2o
5content is 100～150 grams of superphosphate and the K of 16% mass fraction
2o content is that 100～150 grams of potassium sulfate for agricultural uses and the Chi Zhongshui of 52% mass fraction is mixed evenly; Tri-leaf period to six, leaf was during the phase, and it is 100～150 grams, urea, the P of 46.3% mass fraction that each nursery pond adds N content
2o
5content is 100～150 grams of superphosphate and the K of 16% mass fraction
2o content is that 100～150 grams of potassium sulfate for agricultural uses and the Chi Zhongshui of 52% mass fraction is mixed evenly; Six leaf phase to eight leaves are during the phase, and each nursery pond adds P
2o
5content is 150 grams～200 grams of superphosphate and the K of 16% mass fraction
2o content is that 150～200 grams of potassium sulfate for agricultural uses and the Chi Zhongshui of 52% mass fraction is mixed evenly;
(11) nursery pond obscurity is controlled
After planting to tri-leaf period 2.5～3m above seedling pond position hang the sunshade net that obscurity reaches 50%-60%, the position of leaf phase in tri-leaf period to six 2.5～3m above seedling pond is changed to obscurity and reaches 40% sunshade net, and the position of six leaf phases leaf phase to eight, 2.5～3m above seedling pond is changed to obscurity and reaches 20% sunshade net;
(12) nursery pond pH value is controlled
In whole seedling raising process, in nursery pond, the pH value of liquid is controlled between 6.5～7;
(13) hardening
When seedling was in six leaf phase to eight leaves during the phase continuous 7～10 days, every day, 7:00 to 10:00 point, 16::00 to 19:00 point were removed the sunshade net of nursery pond top, transplanted the sunshade net of removing completely before 15 days above nursery pond, drained the nutrient solution in seedling pond;
(14) transplant
Seedling when 80% enters eight leaves and by the density of 1.5 ten thousand plants/acre, transplants during the phase.
The described plastic film thickness of step (2) is 6～8.
Step (6) after planting 7～10 days, to the hole reseeding of not emerging.
The described nursery pond pH value of step (12) is controlled, and when pH value is greater than 7, adds mass fraction and be pH value that 10% sulfuric acid is adjusted to the interior liquid of nursery pond between 6.5～7; When being less than 6.5, pH value adds mass fraction and is pH value that 10% sodium hydroxide is adjusted to liquid in nursery pond between 6.5～7.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The inventive method growing seedlings of the control of the space of seedling raising greenhouse, seedling pond specification, design float the preparation of dish, matrix, the preparation of sabot matrix, grow seedlings that the preventing and kill off of sterilization, seeding method, temperature and humidity management, moss, green alga, the extermination of disease and insect pest, moisture, nutrient, illumination, the Miao Chi pH that floats dish and environment controls, hardening controls complete, clear and definite a, system, reasonable, the suitable standardized technique scheme of having proposed.The inventive method can be used as the standard of fleabane flower factorial seedling growth and uses.
The inventive method is in the Reasonable Parameters control of the critical stage of growing seedlings and the coordinated of each stage system comprehensive technical measure, produced the effect of Synergistic, make seedling many, Miao Zhuan, transplanting survival rate is greatly enhanced, seedling cost is saved greatly, the dispenser combination that the present invention is rationally suitable, the disease-preventing method of time and mode and seedling medium and fenaminosulf or carbendazim, the suitable proportion of copper sulphate is made into the main serious plant disease of sabot matrix to fleabane flower nursery stage: root rot, stem rot, the control efficiency of downy mildew is outstanding, also impelled seedling many, Miao Zhuan, often grow seedlings and float the substrates quantity saving 50% of dish, seedling amount has on average improved 120%(seedling amount than more than many 240 strains of the average every dish of prior art), field-transplanting sowing quantity is on average economized on kind of cost 54%, saved in a large number cost, seedling transplanting survival rate average out to 98.38%, main serious plant disease root rot to fleabane flower nursery stage, stem rot, the control efficiency of downy mildew is all more than 93%, compared with prior art, produced unforeseeable technique effect.
Embodiment
The chemical name of the Babysafe that following examples are used: sodium dichloro cyanurate; The active ingredient of 72% first frost mancozeb wettable powder is: mass fraction is 8% metalaxyl, 64% mancozeb.It is commercially available that following examples various means of agricultural production materials used comprise that agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer are.Chemical fertilizer used is the fertilizer that meets national standard or industry standard.Agricultural chemicals used is the agricultural chemicals of the agriculture chemical registration that meets national relevant regulations.Fertilizer used is the general fertilizer of being produced by mountain of papers Jinchuan biological organic fertilizer Co., Ltd, this fertilizer is the fertilizer that meets organic matter >=45% mass fraction of national standard or industry standard regulation, sales address: the large pit hole in mountain of papers outskirts of a town, Yunnan Province, telephone number: 0876-2682255.
Example 1
In May, 2012, concrete operations were as follows 1.5 mu of selection excessively drained fields, breeding base, numerous mountains company hamlet, Luxi County, Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe, Yunnan Province:
(1) build seedling raising greenhouse
Build long 40 meters, wide 20 meters, the arch-shaped steel frame booth of high 5 meters, booth surrounding and top are equipped with the seedling growth greenhouse of window, and set window, for ventilation, can ventilate booth, is convenient to temperature control.
(2) in seedling raising greenhouse, build nursery pond
Soil in smooth seedling raising greenhouse, builds 36 of nursery ponds with the syphon that specification is 40cm * 20cm * 20cm, long 6 meters, wide 1.35 meters, high 0.2 meter of nursery pond; At nursery pond inwall and 6 complete thick plastic films of bottom surface paving;
(3) configuration seedling medium
By peat: perlite: the proportional arrangement seedling medium that the mass ratio of bio-fertilizer is 3:1:1.Organic matter >=45% mass fraction in described fertilizer;
(4) sterilization
Grow seedlings float dish for long 66cm, wide 33.8cm, high 3.5cm, hole be up big and down small cone, upper orifice diameter is the uniform 450 hole high-density foam dishes that 1.8cm, bottom water suction Circularhole diameter are 0.3cm, growing seedlings, to float dish sterilization be to be that 10% bleaching powder soaks to grow seedlings to float and coils 30 minutes with mass fraction, environment disinfected is in seedling raising greenhouse, to adopt the Babysafe of 500 times of liquid to spray, and sprays once weekly.
(5) configuration of sabot matrix and filling
The seedling medium that sabot matrix is prepared by step (3) and 75% fenaminosulf wetting powder, 98% copper sulphate add clear water by following quality than proportioning and puddle and form, sabot matrix is packed into grow seedlings and float in the hole of dish, the moisture of sabot matrix is 30% mass fraction, the mass ratio of seedling medium and 75% fenaminosulf wetting powder and 98% copper sulphate is: seedling medium: 75% fenaminosulf wetting powder: 98% copper sulphate=100:0.5:0.1, described percentage is mass fraction.
(6) sowing
With one, grow seedlings and float dish and only fill seed as seed tray, install growing seedlings of sabot matrix and floated dish as seedling-cultivating tray, the water suction Circularhole diameter that floats the bottom of dish as growing seedlings of seed tray is increased to 0.5cm, seed is packed into this grows seedlings and floats in the hole of dish, during sowing, growing seedlings of dress seed being floated to dish aims at and to have installed growing seedlings of sabot matrix and float dish, knocking gently growing seedlings of dress seed floats dish and seed is fallen into install growing seedlings of sabot matrix to float in the hole of dish, seeding quantity is floated the fleabane flower seed 0.3g(that dish sowing germination rate is 40% for often growing seedlings be that seeding quantity is the fleabane flower seed 12g that every 40 seedling-cultivating trays sowing germination rate is 40%), after planting with sprayer, atomized water is sprayed on to grow seedlings and floats on the seed of dish, water consumption is that 30g/ grows seedlings and floats dish, by having broadcast growing seedlings of seed, float dish and put into the pond of growing seedlings, after planting 7 days, to the hole reseeding of not emerging, its type of seeding with sow for the first time identical.
(7) temperature humidity management
After planting the water temperature in whole nursery stage nursery pond remains on 15～26 ℃, after planting to cotyledon period depth of water be 5cm, 25 ℃≤canopy temperature≤35 ℃, cotyledon period is 10cm to leaf phase in tri-leaf period to six depth of water, 18 ℃≤canopy temperature≤25 ℃; Six leaf phase leaf phase to eight depth of water are 1cm, 25 ℃≤canopy temperature≤30 ℃;
(8) preventing and kill off of moss, green alga: be after planting that 2000 times of liquid of 98% copper sulphate are sprayed at and wholely grow seedlings that to float dish upper every three days with mass fraction, spray altogether 2 times.
(9) extermination of disease and insect pest:
1. the control of downy mildew: in fleabane flower leaf in tri-leaf period to six phase, with 400 times of liquid sprayings of 72% first frost mancozeb wettable powder, every 1 time twice totally of medication in 5 days;
2. the control of root rot, stem rot: to tri-leaf period, add 75% tpn wetting powder 150g and 72% first frost mancozeb wettable powder 100g in each nursery pond, and fully mix with the moisture of Chi Shui at cotyledon period;
3. the control of insect pest: first the fly adult of finding to dive, aleyrodid, thrips insect adopt the physical method of yellow plate trapping to prevent and treat; For adopt yellow plate mass trapping not latent fly adult, aleyrodid, thrips insect with 2000 times of liquid sprayings of 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, prevent and treat;
(10) fertilising
Press cotyledon period to three fertilisings in periods of tri-leaf period, leaf phase in tri-leaf period to six, six leaf phases leaf phase to eight, cotyledon period is during to tri-leaf period, and it is 200 grams, urea, the P of 46.3% mass fraction that each nursery pond adds N content
2o
5content is 100 grams of superphosphate and the K of 16% mass fraction
2o content is that 100 grams of potassium sulfate for agricultural uses and the Chi Zhongshui of 52% mass fraction is mixed evenly;
Tri-leaf period to six, leaf was during the phase, and it is 100 grams, urea, the P of 46.3% mass fraction that each nursery pond adds N content
2o
5content is 100 grams of superphosphate and the K of 16% mass fraction
2o content is that 100 grams of potassium sulfate for agricultural uses and the Chi Zhongshui of 52% mass fraction is mixed evenly;
Six leaf phase to eight leaves are during the phase, and each nursery pond adds P
2o
5content is 150 grams of superphosphate and the K of 16% mass fraction
2o content is that potassium sulfate for agricultural use 150g and the Chi Zhongshui of 52% mass fraction is mixed evenly.
(11) nursery pond obscurity is controlled
After planting to tri-leaf period 2.5m above seedling pond position hang obscurity and reach 50% sunshade net, the position of leaf phase in tri-leaf period to six 2.5m above seedling pond is changed to obscurity and reaches 40% sunshade net, and the position of six leaf phases leaf phase to eight 2.5m above seedling pond is changed to obscurity and reaches 20% sunshade net.
(12) nursery pond pH value is controlled
In whole seedling raising process, in nursery pond, the pH value of liquid is controlled between 6.5～7; When pH value is greater than 7, add a small amount of mass fraction and be pH value that 10% sulfuric acid is adjusted to liquid in nursery pond between 6.5～7; When being less than 6.5, pH value adds a small amount of mass fraction and is pH value that 10% sodium hydroxide is adjusted to liquid in nursery pond between 6.5～7.
(13) hardening
When seedling was in six leaf phase to eight leaves during the phase continuous 7 days, every day, 7:00 to 10:00 point, 16:00 to 19:00 point were removed the sunshade net of nursery pond top, transplanted the sunshade net of removing completely before 15 days above nursery pond, drained the nutrient solution in seedling pond.
(14) transplant
Seedling when 80% enters eight leaves during the phase, by the density of 1.5 ten thousand plants/acre, transplants, and waters permeablely after transplanting, and waters every day once, waters continuously three days.
Result: each seedling-cultivating tray substrates quantity of the inventive method is 1.25kg/ dish, seed consumption 0.3g/ dish, on average each seedling-cultivating tray seedling 437 strain, transplant by the density of 1.5 ten thousand plants/acre, every 35 dish transplantation of seedlings 0.07 hectares, transplant transplanting survival rate after 20 days and reach 98.46%.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 is in June, 2012 2.5 mu of selection excessively drained fields, the GAP of numerous mountains company base, Golden Horse town, Luxi County, Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe, Yunnan Province, and the present embodiment is except following measures difference, and all the other operation measures are identical with embodiment 1, repeat no more.
(1) build seedling raising greenhouse
Long 50 meters of the arch-shaped steel frame booth of building, wide 30 meters, high 5 meters.
(2) in seedling raising greenhouse, build nursery pond
Nursery pond is long 8 meters, wide 1.35 meters, high 0.2 meter, 96 of the nursery ponds of building together; At nursery pond inwall and 8 complete thick plastic films of bottom surface paving;
(5) configuration of sabot matrix and filling
The seedling medium that sabot matrix is prepared by step (3) and 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 98% copper sulphate add clear water by following mass ratio proportioning and puddle and form, the moisture of sabot matrix is 40% mass fraction, sabot matrix is packed into grow seedlings and float in the hole of dish, the quality proportioning ratio of seedling medium and 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 98% copper sulphate is: seedling medium: 50% carbendazol wettable powder: 98% copper sulphate=100:0.5:0.1, described percentage is mass fraction.
(6) sowing
After planting 10 days, to the hole reseeding of not emerging.
(7) temperature humidity management
After planting, to cotyledon period, depth of water is 6cm, and cotyledon period to leaf phase in tri-leaf period to six depth of water is 15cm, and six leaf phase leaf phase to eight depth of water are 2cm.
(8) preventing and kill off of moss, green alga: be after planting that 2000 times of liquid of 98% copper sulphate are sprayed at and wholely grow seedlings that to float dish upper every three days with mass fraction, spray altogether 3 times.
(9) disease, pest control:
1. the control of downy mildew: in the leaf phase in tri-leaf period to six, with the spraying of 600 times of liquid of 72% first frost mancozeb wettable powder, every 1 time twice totally of medication in 5 days;
2. the control of root rot, stem rot: to tri-leaf period, add 50% carbendazol wettable powder 175g and 72% first frost mancozeb wettable powder 100g in each nursery pond, and fully mix with the moisture of Chi Shui at cotyledon period;
(10) fertilising
Press cotyledon period to tri-leaf period, leaf phase in tri-leaf period to six, three fertilisings in period of six leaf phases leaf phase to eight.Cotyledon period is during to tri-leaf period, and it is 300 grams, urea, the P of 46.3% mass fraction that each nursery pond adds N content
2o
5content is 150 grams of superphosphate and the K of 16% mass fraction
2o content is that 150 grams of potassium sulfate for agricultural uses and the Chi Zhongshui of 52% mass fraction is mixed evenly;
Tri-leaf period to six, leaf was during the phase, and it is 150 grams, urea, the P of 46.3% mass fraction that each nursery pond adds N content
2o
5content is 150 grams of superphosphate and the K of 16% mass fraction
2o content is that 150 grams of potassium sulfate for agricultural uses and the Chi Zhongshui of 52% mass fraction is mixed evenly;
Six leaf phase to eight leaves are during the phase, and each nursery pond adds P
2o
5content is 200 grams of superphosphate and the K of 16% mass fraction
2o content is that 200 grams of potassium sulfate for agricultural uses and the Chi Zhongshui of 52% mass fraction is mixed evenly.
(11) nursery pond obscurity is controlled
After planting to tri-leaf period 3m above seedling pond position hang obscurity and reach 60% sunshade net, the position of leaf phase in tri-leaf period to six 3m above seedling pond is changed to obscurity and reaches 40% sunshade net, and the position of six leaf phases leaf phase to eight 3m above seedling pond is changed to obscurity and reaches 20% sunshade net.
(13) hardening
When seedling was in six leaf phase to eight leaves during the phase continuous 10 days, every day, 7:00 to 10:00 point, 16:00 to 19:00 point were removed the sunshade net above nursery pond.
Result: each seedling-cultivating tray substrates quantity is 1.24kg/ dish, seed consumption 0.3g/ dish, every 34 dish transplantation of seedlings 0.07 hectares, on average each seedling-cultivating tray seedling 442 strain, transplant transplanting survival rate after 20 days and reach 98.38%.
See Table 1-Table 3 for test effect:
Example 1,2 of the present invention is for the plant characteristic in seedling stage of fleabane flower: plant is less, maximum 8 leaves of blade, adopted 450 hole high-density foam dishes of the present invention (grow seedlings and the float dish) demand of suitable fleabane flower to nutrient, moisture, illumination, fleabane flower emergence rate is high, seedling strong.
Due to fleabane flower seed and tiny (fleabane flower thousand grain weigth is between 0.1g～0.2g) thereof, cannot a sowing, can only by every dish constant weight (gram) consumption sow, the present invention all presses seed consumption 0.3g/ dish seeding and seedling raising (but dish seedling amount is different) from prior art, and the present invention and prior art field-transplanting are all transplanted by the density of 1.5 ten thousand plants/acre.Compare, this forwarding method has following outstanding beneficial effect:
1, the present invention grows seedlings that every dish can save that substrates quantity saves 50%, seedling amount is than the average many 237 strains/dishes of prior art, and seedling amount has on average improved 118.5% than prior art, compared with prior art, has produced unforeseeable technique effect.
The 450 holes of the present invention length that floats dish of growing seedlings equates with 200 holes and 162 hole seedling-cultivating tray lengths that prior art adopts, but grow seedlings in 450 holes of the present invention, to float the hole of dish much more, the suitable especially small cup of its space structure is spent the demand to illumination, nutrient, moisture, and fleabane flower emergence rate is high, seedling strong.200 holes that the volumetric ratio prior art in its hole adopts and the hole volume of 162 hole seedling-cultivating trays are little, thereby the present invention grows seedlings and float dish and can save substrates quantity, and every dish can be saved substrates quantity and save 50%.Because adopting onesize growing seedlings, the present invention floats dish as seed tray, during sowing, each seed can be broadcast accurately fill assembling matrix grow seedlings float dish hole matrix on, can not waste seed because seed falls into hole, simultaneously due to of the present invention, grow seedlings that to float the hole number of growing seedlings of dish suitable, reduce the intraspecific competition between plant after emerging, improved the planting percent of fleabane flower plant, thereby seedling amount is than the average many 240 strain/dishes of prior art above (referring to table 1), it is grown seedlings sowing quantity in the situation that identical, planting percent has on average improved 120%(1.2 doubly than prior art), compared with prior art, produced unforeseeable technique effect.
Table 1 substrates quantity, the amount of growing seedlings contrast
2, the inventive method is saved seed consumption 53.3%-54.7% than prior art, and seedling transplanting survival rate average out to 98.38%, on average economizes on kind of cost 54%, has saved in a large number cost, has produced unforeseeable technique effect.
The inventive method every dish seed consumption of growing seedlings is same as the prior art, be 0.3g/ dish, because the present invention grows seedlings, to float the hole of growing seedlings of dish more much more than the hole of growing seedlings of prior art seedling-cultivating tray, the growth of growing seedlings of the suitable fleabane flower of hole quantity, its seedling amount is than more than the average many 240 strains/dishes of prior art, form transplantation of seedlings same as the prior art to the density in land for growing field crops, be by the density of 1.5 ten thousand plants/acre and transplant, thereby, used the growing seedlings in every mu of ground of the present invention floated dish with regard to much less, every mu of ground of the present invention seedling-cultivating tray 34-35 dish used, because of the every dish seedling of prior art few, thereby, every mu of ground seedling-cultivating tray used has more more than one times, and each seed consumption that floats dish of growing seedlings of the present invention and prior art equates, thereby every mu of ground seed consumption of the inventive method has obtained a large amount of saving (every mu of average sowing quantity in ground is 10.35g), the seed consumption waste large (every mu of average sowing quantity in ground is 22.5g) on every mu of ground of prior art, adopt every mu of ground of the inventive method can save seed 53.3%-54.7%.Due to the inventive method the building of seedling raising greenhouse, nursery pond, grow seedlings float the design of dish, the sabot matrix of preparation, using grow seedlings float dish as the preventing and kill off of the seeding method of seed tray, temperature humidity management, moss, green alga, the extermination of disease and insect pest, fertilising, luminosity control, pH value is controlled, the Reasonable Parameters of each comprehensive technical measure of hardening is controlled and coordination synergistic effect makes that seedling is many, Miao Zhuanduo, transplanting survival rate average out to 98.38%(refers to table 2).
Every mu of ground oil lamp flower seed consumption of table 2, transplanting survival rate contrast
3, the present invention rationally the suitable proportion of the disease-preventing method of suitable dispenser combination, time and mode and seedling medium and fenaminosulf or carbendazim, copper sulphate be made into sabot matrix to the control efficiency of the Major Diseases root rot of fleabane flower nursery stage, stem rot, downy mildew all more than 93%, also impelled that seedling is many, Miao Zhuanduo.
The present invention adopts and in seedling pond, do not add 75% tpn wetting powder when seedling stage, Miao Chizhong also had disease, 72% first frost mancozeb wettable powder or 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 72% first frost mancozeb wettable powder, thereby reach prevention of damage by disease object, the combination that result shows this several drugs is to the grow seedlings Major Diseases root rot in stage of fleabane flower, the control efficiency of stem rot is all more than 93%, the control of downy mildew is chosen in to 2～4 leaf phases of fleabane flower to be carried out, the mode of employing spray painting is conducive to the absorption of liquid, and control efficiency is good, control efficiency reaches more than 96% and (refers to table 3).
Table 3 disease-controlling effect
4, the reasonable coordination of the every technology of the present invention, played the effect of Synergistic, as: 1) the present invention adopts 40 to 50 meters long, 20 to 30 meters wide, the seedling growth greenhouse of high 5 meters, makes in canopy space enough, and windows and be designed to the booth that can ventilate in surrounding and top, can effectively control the temperature of shed of growing seedlings, make fleabane flower in suitable growing environment.2) the present invention adopts peat: perlite: the ratio of bio-fertilizer=3:1:1 is mixed as seedling medium, and be made into sabot matrix with the suitable proportion of seedling medium and fenaminosulf or carbendazim, copper sulphate, both improved the air capacity of soils of matrix, reduce the generation of root rot, stem rot simultaneously, be more conducive to fleabane flower growth.3) control of seedling growth greenhouse temperature of the present invention science more: the early stage temperature of shed of emerging is controlled at 25～35 ℃, and suitable high temperature is conducive to emerge; Seedling all sprouts to suitable aeration-cooling of six leaf phases, makes temperature of shed be controlled at 18～25 ℃, can reduce the generation of fleabane flower root, stem rot and downy mildew; Six leaf phase leaf phase to eight temperature are controlled at 25～30 ℃, and suitable high temperature is conducive to the accumulation of dry matter, have improved the survival rate of transplanting.4) grow seedlings and float the moisture control of dish and each vegetative stage nursery pond, suitable water temperature control, the extermination of disease and insect pest and fertilising in 450 holes of suitable fleabane flower seedling growth, the fleabane flower making is in suitable growing environment, reduce disease odds, improved the seedling of fleabane flower.
Claims (4)
1. a floating seedlings culturing method for fleabane flower, is characterized in that:
(1) build seedling raising greenhouse
Build long 40～50 meters, wide 20～30 meters, the arch-shaped steel frame booth of high 5 meters, booth surrounding and top are equipped with the seedling growth greenhouse of window;
(2) in seedling raising greenhouse, build nursery pond
Soil in smooth seedling raising greenhouse, builds nursery pond with the brick that specification is 40cm * 20cm * 20cm, and long 6～8 meters, wide 1.35 meters, high 0.2 meter of nursery pond, at nursery pond inwall and a plastic film of bottom surface paving;
(3) preparation seedling medium
By peat: perlite: the proportional arrangement seedling medium that the mass ratio of fertilizer is 3:1:1, organic matter >=45% mass fraction in described fertilizer;
(4) sterilization
Grow seedlings float dish for long 66cm, wide 33.8cm, high 3.5cm, hole be up big and down small cone, upper orifice diameter is the uniform 450 hole high-density foam dishes that 1.8cm, bottom water suction Circularhole diameter are 0.3cm, with mass fraction, be that 10% bleaching powder soaks to grow seedlings and floats dish 30 minutes, Babysafe with 500 times of liquid in seedling raising greenhouse sprays, and sprays once weekly;
(5) preparation of sabot matrix and filling
The seedling medium that sabot matrix is prepared by step (3) and 75% fenaminosulf wetting powder or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 98% copper sulphate add clear water by following quality than proportioning and puddle and form, the moisture of sabot matrix is 30-40% mass fraction, sabot matrix is packed into grow seedlings and float in the hole of dish, seedling medium: 75% fenaminosulf wetting powder: the mass ratio of 98% copper sulphate is 100:0.5:0.1; Seedling medium: 50% carbendazol wettable powder: the mass ratio of 98% copper sulphate is 100:0.5:0.1;
(6) sowing
With one grow seedlings float dish by its bottom water suction Circularhole diameter increase to 0.5cm, seed is packed into this grows seedlings and floats in the hole of dish, during sowing, growing seedlings of dress seed being floated to dish aims at and to have installed growing seedlings of sabot matrix and float dish, knocking growing seedlings of dress seed floats dish and seed is fallen into install growing seedlings of sabot matrix to float in the hole of dish, seeding quantity is floated the fleabane flower seed 0.3g that dish sowing germination rate is 40% for often growing seedlings, after planting with sprayer, atomized water is sprayed on to grow seedlings and floats on the seed of dish, by having broadcast growing seedlings of seed, float dish and put into the pond of growing seedlings;
(7) temperature humidity management
After planting the water temperature in whole nursery stage nursery pond remains on 15～26 ℃, after planting to cotyledon period depth of water be 5～6cm, 25 ℃≤canopy temperature≤35 ℃, cotyledon period is 10～15cm to leaf phase in tri-leaf period to six depth of water, 18 ℃≤canopy temperature≤25 ℃; Six leaf phase leaf phase to eight depth of water are 1～2cm, 25 ℃≤canopy temperature≤30 ℃;
(8) preventing and kill off of moss, green alga: be after planting that 2000 times of liquid of 98% copper sulphate are sprayed at and wholely grow seedlings that to float dish upper every three days with mass fraction, spray altogether 2～3 times;
(9) extermination of disease and insect pest:
1. the control of downy mildew: in fleabane flower leaf in tri-leaf period to six phase, with 400 times～600 times liquid sprayings of 72% first frost mancozeb wettable powder, every 1 time twice totally of medication in 5 days;
2. the control of root rot, stem rot: to tri-leaf period, add 75% tpn wetting powder 150g and 72% first frost mancozeb wettable powder 100g in each nursery pond, and mix with the moisture of Chi Shui at cotyledon period; Or in each nursery pond, add 50% carbendazol wettable powder 175g and 72% first frost mancozeb wettable powder 100g, and mix with the moisture of Chi Shui;
3. the control of insect pest: first the fly adult of finding to dive, aleyrodid, thrips class pest adopt the physical method of yellow plate trapping to prevent and treat; For adopt yellow plate mass trapping not latent fly adult, aleyrodid, thrips insect with 2000 times of liquid sprayings of 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, prevent and treat;
(10) fertilising
Press cotyledon period to three fertilisings in periods of tri-leaf period, leaf phase in tri-leaf period to six, six leaf phases leaf phase to eight, cotyledon period is during to tri-leaf period, and it is 200～300 grams, urea, the P of 46.3% mass fraction that each nursery pond adds N content
2o
5content is 100～150 grams of superphosphate and the K of 16% mass fraction
2o content is that 100～150 grams of potassium sulfate for agricultural uses and the Chi Zhongshui of 52% mass fraction is mixed evenly; Tri-leaf period to six, leaf was during the phase, and it is 100～150 grams, urea, the P of 46.3% mass fraction that each nursery pond adds N content
2o
5content is 100～150 grams of superphosphate and the K of 16% mass fraction
2o content is that 100～150 grams of potassium sulfate for agricultural uses and the Chi Zhongshui of 52% mass fraction is mixed evenly; Six leaf phase to eight leaves are during the phase, and each nursery pond adds P
2o
5content is 150 grams～200 grams of superphosphate and the K of 16% mass fraction
2o content is that 150～200 grams of potassium sulfate for agricultural uses and the Chi Zhongshui of 52% mass fraction is mixed evenly;
(11) nursery pond obscurity is controlled
After planting to tri-leaf period 2.5～3m above seedling pond position hang the sunshade net that obscurity reaches 50%-60%, the position of leaf phase in tri-leaf period to six 2.5～3m above seedling pond is changed to obscurity and reaches 40% sunshade net, and the position of six leaf phases leaf phase to eight, 2.5～3m above seedling pond is changed to obscurity and reaches 20% sunshade net;
(12) nursery pond pH value is controlled
In whole seedling raising process, in nursery pond, the pH value of liquid is controlled between 6.5～7;
(13) hardening
When seedling was in six leaf phase to eight leaves during the phase continuous 7～10 days, every day, 7:00 to 10:00 point, 16::00 to 19:00 point were removed the sunshade net of nursery pond top, transplanted the sunshade net of removing completely before 15 days above nursery pond, drained the nutrient solution in seedling pond;
(14) transplant
Seedling when 80% enters eight leaves and by the density of 1.5 ten thousand plants/acre, transplants during the phase.
2. according to the floating seedlings culturing method of the described a kind of fleabane flower of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The described plastic film thickness of step (2) is 6～8.
3. according to the floating seedlings culturing method of claim 1 or 2 described a kind of fleabane flower, it is characterized in that: step (6) after planting 7～10 days, to the hole reseeding of not emerging.
4. according to the floating seedlings culturing method of claim 1 or 2 described a kind of fleabane flower, it is characterized in that: the described nursery pond pH value of step (12) is controlled, when pH value is greater than 7, add mass fraction and be pH value that 10% sulfuric acid is adjusted to liquid in nursery pond between 6.5～7; When being less than 6.5, pH value adds mass fraction and is pH value that 10% sodium hydroxide is adjusted to liquid in nursery pond between 6.5～7.
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