CN104823628A - Standardized planting method for Erigeron breviscapus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a standardized planting method of scutellaria breviscapus, belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting. Firstly, seedlings are selected; then sowing is divided into three stages, namely preparation, seed treatment and sowing; after sowing, the seedling growth period management is carried out, and during the seedbed management process, the covering, weeding, pest control and seedling hardening are carried out ; Then carry out the site preparation and transplanting of the breviscapus, and finally remove the buds in time. The method solves the shortcomings of low yield, high planting cost, low active ingredient content and lack of good varieties of breviscapus in the existing planting method.

Description

A kind of standardized planting method of Erigeron breviscapus

technical field

The invention relates to a standardized planting method of scutellaria breviscapus, belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting.

Background technique

Erigeron breviscapus is a dry whole herb in Compositae, also known as Asarum breviscapus and winter chrysanthemum. This plant is mainly distributed in the southwest of China, among which Yunnan is more distributed. Erigeron breviscapus is slightly bitter, cold in nature, sweet Warm and pungent, it has the effects of expelling wind and dehumidification, clearing the meridian and activating collaterals, detoxifying slightly cold, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and reducing inflammation and pain. As far as the market is concerned, the market prospect of Erigeron breviscapus is very broad.

However, there is no scientific and perfect method for planting scutellaria scutellaria at present, which leads to the disadvantages of low yield of scutellaria breviscapus, high planting cost, and low active ingredient content of scutellaria breviscapus grown.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems and deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a standardized planting method of scutellaria breviscapus. The method solves the disadvantages of low yield, high planting cost, low content of active ingredients and lack of good varieties of scutellaria breviscapus in the existing planting method, and the invention is realized through the following technical solutions.

A kind of scutellaria breviscapus standardized planting method, its specific steps are as follows:

1. Breeding seedlings: select strong seedlings and full seedlings in a timely manner;

2. Sowing: Sowing is divided into three stages, namely preparation, seed treatment and sowing;

(1) Preparation

(1) Each seedling bed is equipped with 4000~5000kg of fully decomposed manure, 50~100kg of phosphate fertilizer, 25~50kg of potassium sulfate, and 500kg of fresh pine hair;

(2) Seedbed area: the distance between seedlings is 5-13cm before seedling row in the mother bed stage, and 30,000-35,000 plants are required per mu;

(3) Land plot selection: A, sunny, flat terrain; B, loose soil, good structure, deep soil layer, high fertility; C, convenient water source, smooth drainage and irrigation; D, close to the field, easy to transport;

(4) Plot arrangement: After fully loosening the topsoil layer, ditching is carried out to control the moisture content. The moisture content is 1.8 meters wide, the soil moisture width is 1.5 meters, the ditch width is 30 cm, and the ditch depth is 25 cm. Communicate, and finally spread nutritious soil: 4000~5000kg of fertilization per mu, 9000~10000kg of fertile fine soil, 50kg of phosphate fertilizer, 25~50kg of potassium sulfate, fully mixed and then disinfected. sowing;

(2) Seed treatment, the germination rate is more than 50% as the seed sowing, the seeds are sterilized by the agent, the agent is a mixed solution of silver nitrate, copper sulfate and formalin with a mass ratio of 1~1.2:1~1.2:2~2.4 , soak the sterilized seeds in warm water at 20-25 degrees for 8-10 hours or in cold water for 48 hours, then dry them for later use;

(3) Sowing. The sowing period should correspond to the transplanting period. Sowing can be done 75 days before transplanting. The sowing method is currently mainly broadcasting. It is better to sow in the morning and evening on a sunny day with no wind. Mix the sandy soil or fine soil well, and spread it. Immediately after sowing, cover it evenly with wet pine hair, and then fully water it. The spacing between plants and rows is (10~15)cm×20cm, and transplant 1.8~27,000 seedlings per mu;

3. Management of seedling growth period

(1) Emergence period: From sowing to when the first true leaf is unfolded from the 2 cotyledons, it is called the emergence period. During the emergence period, the seedbed should be kept moist at 5 cm, and the average temperature should be above 10°C. Water once a day to maintain the soil moisture content. The water volume is 70~80wt.%, and the watering time is 9:00~10:00 in the morning, so as to achieve light watering and even watering;

(2) Small cross stage: from the appearance of the first true leaf, 1, 2 true leaves and cotyledons cross to form a cross, called the small cross stage, the seedbed at the small cross stage is kept moist at 5 cm, and the average temperature is above 10°C. Water once a day, keep the soil water content at 70~80wt.%, watering time is 9:00~10:00 in the morning, do light watering, even watering, outdoor seedlings are changed to arch sheds;

(3) Great cross period: from the 3rd true leaf to the 5th true leaf appears, 3, 4 true leaves and 1, 2 true leaves cross to form a cross, called the great cross period, water once every other day on sunny days, Apply compound fertilizer or urea, and topdress 2~3 times. The compound fertilizer contains 15wt.% of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium respectively. The concentration of compound fertilizer mixed with water is 0.5~1wt.%. Watering concentration is below 5wt.% for watering;

(4) Fast-growing period: when the 5th true leaf to the 7th true leaf appear, it is called the fast-growing period. In the morning, water the topsoil without turning white or regaining moisture, and increase the light to 14h~16h every day;

(5) Seedling stage: From the emergence of 8 and 9 true leaves to transplanting, it is called the seedling stage, and Erigeron breviscapus has a complete root system;

4. Seedbed management

(1) Overturning the cover: the seedbed cover has the function of keeping warm and moisturizing and preventing the scutellaria from burning, but it will not be overturned for a long time after the seedlings are ready, which will affect the light transmission and ventilation, and affect the normal development of the scutellaria. 3 coverings;

(2) Weeding: Weeding should be done to remove early, small and diseased plants, so as to reduce the nutrient absorption of Erigeron breviscapus seedlings in the seedbed;

(3) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: Spray with Bashude before sowing to prevent and control underground pests. Spray 150-200 units of agricultural streptomycin or 500-fold solution of 50wt.% Zinc at the seedling stage, every Spray once every 7~10 days;

(4) Seedling hardening: In the late growth stage of Erigeron breviscapus, control fertilizer and water, 15 to 20 days before transplanting, to inhibit its vigorous growth;

5. Soil preparation and transplanting of Erigeron breviscapus

(1) Soil preparation: After cultivating strong seedlings of Erigeron breviscapus, they are transplanted into the field. The field preparation includes three aspects: deep plowing, fertilization and furrowing;

(1) Deep plowing: Deep plowing should be done evenly, and organic fertilizer and base fertilizer should be applied at the same time;

(2) Moisture management: After deep plowing of the field, the soil moisture should be started according to the soil moisture width of 1~1.2m, soil moisture height of 10~20cm, and ditch width of 20cm. Land with low terrain and poor drainage will have high soil moisture, and vice versa, low soil moisture. Moisture management was completed 7 days before transplanting;

(3) Disinfection and weeding: After the soil moisture is adjusted, water the moisture surface thoroughly. In order to effectively prevent bacterial viruses, underground pests and weeds, Lijunqing, Multibacteria and Lishu are mixed to obtain a disinfectant, and water is added at the same time. Topsoil weeding, transplanting after 2 days;

(2) Transplanting technology

(1) Take seedlings and transport seedlings. Water the seedbed one day before transplanting Erigeron breviscapus, so that the water content of Erigeron breviscapus seedlings rises rapidly. When picking seedlings, weed out small and weak seedlings, and put the good seedlings directly into the transport tool to keep The original shape of Erigeron breviscapus should be covered with shade when the field is far away from the seedbed;

(2) Transplanting: Break the soil moisture before transplanting Erigeron breviscapus, and mix the base fertilizer and soil well to avoid burning seedlings caused by planting Erigeron breviscapus directly on the fertilizer, and then transplant according to the area of 10×15cm or 10×20cm Plant, water thoroughly after planting, and cover with shade;

Sixth, go to Lei in time

According to the measurement, the content of active ingredients in Erigeron breviscapus has two obvious characteristics: the leaves have the highest content in the plant parts, followed by the flower stems, and the roots are the least. It is 40% to 70% of the budding stage, and the output value per mu is reduced by 1000 to 1500 yuan. Therefore, in addition to saving the field for cultivation, the bud stems that grow must be cut off in time after planting to control reproductive growth, promote vegetative growth, and increase tillering. and leaf area.

About 55 days after transplanting, when the leaf output is close to the maximum, use a sharp sickle to harvest the aboveground part, so as not to damage the new growth point of the plant, to ensure that the total active ingredient content of the dry medicinal material is ≥ 5%. Astragalus ≥ 1%, at the same time, the flower buds that grow after each harvest should be cut off in time, and the content and yield cannot be reduced by letting them bloom. In production, it is determined to harvest when the leaf yield is close to the maximum 30 days after the previous harvest. Once, and so on, harvest 3 to 4 times.

In the preparation (1) of the second step, potassium sulfate can be replaced by using 6000-7000 kg of fire soil and 50-60 kg of compound fertilizer.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the standardized scutellaria planting method of the present invention effectively increases the yield of scutellaria breviscapus, is convenient for implementation and management, increases the content of active ingredients, and reduces the cost of planting management.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in combination with specific embodiments.

Example 1

The scutellaria standardized planting method, its specific steps are as follows:

1. Breeding seedlings: select strong seedlings and full seedlings in a timely manner;

2. Sowing: Sowing is divided into three stages, namely preparation, seed treatment and sowing;

(1) Preparation

(1) Each seedbed is equipped with 4000kg of fully decomposed manure, 50kg of phosphate fertilizer, 25kg of potassium sulfate, and 500kg of fresh pine hair;

(2) Seedbed area: the distance between seedlings is 5cm before seedling row in the mother bed stage, and 30,000 plants are required per mu;

(3) Land plot selection: A, sunny, flat terrain; B, loose soil, good structure, deep soil layer, high fertility; C, convenient water source, smooth drainage and irrigation; D, close to the field, easy to transport;

(4) Plot arrangement: After fully loosening the topsoil layer, ditching is carried out to control the moisture content. The moisture content is 1.8 meters wide, the soil moisture width is 1.5 meters, the ditch width is 30 cm, and the ditch depth is 25 cm. Communicate, and finally spread nutritious soil: 4000kg of fertilization per mu, 9000kg of fertile fine soil, 50kg of phosphate fertilizer, 25kg of potassium sulfate, fully mixed and then disinfected.

(2) Seed treatment, the germination rate is more than 50% as seeds sow, the seeds are sterilized by medicament, the medicament is a mixed solution of silver nitrate, copper sulfate and formalin with a mass ratio of 1:1:2, and the dosage of the medicament is 1 kg per 100 seeds, soak the sterilized seeds in warm water at 20 degrees for 8 hours, then dry them for later use;

(3) Sowing. The sowing period should correspond to the transplanting period. Sowing can be done 75 days before transplanting. The sowing method is currently mainly broadcasting. It is better to sow in the morning and evening on a sunny day with no wind. Mix the sand and soil well, spread the seedlings, cover them evenly with wet pine hair immediately after sowing, and then fully water them, the row spacing between plants is 10cm×20cm, and transplant 18,000 seedlings per mu;

3. Management of seedling growth period

(1) Emergence period: From sowing to when the first true leaf is unfolded from the 2 cotyledons, it is called the emergence period. During the emergence period, the seedbed should be kept moist at 5 cm, and the average temperature should be above 10°C. Water once a day to maintain the soil moisture content. The water volume is 70wt.%, and the watering time is 9:00 in the morning, so as to achieve light watering and even watering;

(2) Small cross stage: from the appearance of the first true leaf, 1, 2 true leaves and cotyledons cross to form a cross, called the small cross stage, the seedbed at the small cross stage is kept moist at 5 cm, and the average temperature is above 10°C. Water once a day, keep the soil water content at 70wt.%, watering time is 9:00 in the morning, do light watering and even watering, and change the outdoor seedling cultivation to an arched shed;

(3) Great cross period: from the 3rd true leaf to the 5th true leaf appears, 3, 4 true leaves and 1, 2 true leaves cross to form a cross, called the great cross period, water once every other day on sunny days, Apply compound fertilizer, topdressing 2 times, each 15wt.% that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the compound fertilizer, compound fertilizer watering concentration is 0.5wt.%, fertilization rate is every seedling 100g;

(4) Fast-growing period: when the 5th true leaf to the 7th true leaf appear, it is called the fast-growing period. In the morning, water the topsoil without turning white or regaining moisture, and increase the light to 14 hours every day;

(5) Seedling stage: From the emergence of 8 and 9 true leaves to transplanting, it is called the seedling stage, and Erigeron breviscapus has a complete root system;

4. Seedbed management

(1) Overturning the cover: the seedbed cover has the function of keeping warm and moisturizing and preventing the scutellaria from burning, but it will not be overturned for a long time after the seedlings are ready, which will affect the light transmission and ventilation, and affect the normal development of the scutellaria. 3 coverings;

(2) Weeding: Weeding should be done to remove early, small and diseased plants, so as to reduce the nutrient absorption of Erigeron breviscapus seedlings in the seedbed;

(3) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: Spray with Bashude before sowing to prevent and control underground pests, spray 150-200 units of agricultural streptomycin at the seedling stage, the application amount is 200g per seedling, and spray once every 7 days;

(4) Seedling hardening: In the late growth stage of Erigeron breviscapus, control the fertilizer and water, and apply fertilizer every 10 days. The fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the amount of application is 50g per seedling. Carried out in the first 15 days to inhibit its vigorous growth;

5. Soil preparation and transplanting of Erigeron breviscapus

(1) Soil preparation: After cultivating strong seedlings of Erigeron breviscapus, they are transplanted into the field. The field preparation includes three aspects: deep plowing, fertilization and furrowing;

(1) Deep plowing: Deep plowing should be done evenly, and organic fertilizer and base fertilizer should be applied at the same time. The organic fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the application amount is 100g per seedling, and the base fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the application amount is 200g per seedling;

(2) Moisture management: After the field is deeply plowed, the soil moisture should be started according to the soil moisture width of 1m, soil moisture height of 10cm, and ditch width of 20cm. The land with low terrain and poor drainage will have high soil moisture. On the contrary, it will have low soil moisture. Completed in the first 7 days;

(3) Disinfection and weeding: After removing the soil moisture, pour water on the soil moisture surface. In order to effectively prevent and control bacterial viruses, underground pests and weeds, the mass ratio of Lijunqing, multibacteria and Lishude is mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1:1. Obtain the disinfectant solution, and water it into a concentration of 50 mg to distribute 1 kilogram of water at the same time. The amount of disinfectant solution added is 100 kg per mu, weeding the topsoil, and transplanting after 2 days;

(2) Transplanting technology

(1) Take seedlings and transport seedlings. Water the seedbed one day before transplanting the breviscapine, and the watering amount is 400g per seedling, so that the water content of the breviscapus seedlings rises rapidly. When picking seedlings, weed out small and weak seedlings, and take good seedlings Put it directly into the transportation tool to keep the original shape of the scutellaria breviscapus, and cover the shade when the field is far away from the seedbed;

(2) Transplanting: Crush the soil moisture before transplanting Erigeron breviscapus, and mix the base fertilizer and soil well. The base fertilizer is farm manure, and the application amount is 200g per seedling. Transplant according to 10×10m, water thoroughly after planting, and cover with shade;

Sixth, go to Lei in time

According to the measurement, the content of active ingredients in Erigeron breviscapus has two obvious characteristics: the leaves have the highest content in the plant parts, followed by the flower stems, and the roots are the least. It is 40% to 70% of the budding stage, and the output value per mu is reduced by 1000 to 1500 yuan. Therefore, in addition to saving the field for cultivation, the bud stems that grow must be cut off in time after planting to control reproductive growth, promote vegetative growth, and increase tillering. and leaf area.

About 55 days after transplanting, when the leaf output is close to the maximum, use a sharp sickle to harvest the aboveground part, so as not to damage the new growth point of the plant, to ensure that the total active ingredient content of the dry medicinal material is ≥ 5%. Astragalus ≥ 1%, at the same time, the flower buds that grow after each harvest should be cut off in time, and the content and yield cannot be reduced by letting them bloom. In production, it is determined to harvest when the leaf yield is close to the maximum 30 days after the previous harvest. Once, and so on for 3 harvests.

Example 2

The scutellaria standardized planting method, its specific steps are as follows:

1. Breeding seedlings: select strong seedlings and full seedlings in a timely manner;

2. Sowing: Sowing is divided into three stages, namely preparation, seed treatment and sowing;

(1) Preparation

(1) Each seedbed is equipped with 5000kg of fully decomposed manure, 100kg of phosphate fertilizer, 50kg of potassium sulfate, and 500kg of fresh pine hair;

(2) Seedbed area: the distance between seedlings at the mother bed stage is 13cm, and 35,000 plants are required per mu;

(3) Land plot selection: A, sunny, flat terrain; B, loose soil, good structure, deep soil layer, high fertility; C, convenient water source, smooth drainage and irrigation; D, close to the field, easy to transport;

(4) Plot arrangement: After fully loosening the topsoil layer, ditching is carried out to control the moisture content. The moisture content is 1.8 meters wide, the soil moisture width is 1.5 meters, the ditch width is 30 cm, and the ditch depth is 25 cm. Communicate, and finally spread nutritious soil: fertilize 5000kg per mu, fertile fine soil 10000kg, phosphate fertilizer 50kg, potassium sulfate 50kg, mix well and then disinfect, pile up for a week, flatten the bed surface 43cm, pave and pat tightly before planting;

(2) Seed treatment, the germination rate is more than 50% as seeds sow, the seeds are sterilized by medicament, the medicament is a mixed solution of silver nitrate, copper sulfate and formalin with a mass ratio of 1:1:2, and the dosage of the medicament is 1 kg per 100 seeds, soak the sterilized seeds in warm water at 25 degrees for 10 hours, then dry them for later use;

(3) Sowing. The sowing period should correspond to the transplanting period. Sowing can be done 75 days before transplanting. The sowing method is currently mainly broadcasting. It is better to sow in the morning and evening on a sunny day with no wind. Mix the sand and soil well, spread the seedlings, cover them evenly with wet pine hair immediately after sowing, and then fully water them, the spacing between plants and rows is 12cm×20cm, and transplant 27,000 seedlings per mu;

3. Management of seedling growth period

(1) Emergence period: From sowing to when the first true leaf is unfolded from the 2 cotyledons, it is called the emergence period. During the emergence period, the seedbed should be kept moist at 5 cm, and the average temperature should be above 10°C. Water once a day to maintain the soil moisture content. The water volume is 80wt.%, and the watering time is 10:00 in the morning, so as to achieve light watering and even watering;

(2) Small cross stage: from the appearance of the first true leaf, 1, 2 true leaves and cotyledons cross to form a cross, called the small cross stage, the seedbed at the small cross stage is kept moist at 5 cm, and the average temperature is above 10°C. Water once a day, keep the soil water content at 70wt.%, watering time is 9:00 in the morning, do light watering and even watering, and change the outdoor seedling cultivation to an arched shed;

(3) Great cross period: from the 3rd true leaf to the 5th true leaf appears, 3, 4 true leaves and 1, 2 true leaves cross to form a cross, called the great cross period, water once every other day on sunny days, Apply compound fertilizer, topdressing 2 times, each 15wt.% that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the compound fertilizer, compound fertilizer watering concentration is 1wt.%, fertilization rate is every seedling 100g;

(4) Fast-growing period: when the 5th true leaf to the 7th true leaf appear, it is called the fast-growing period. In the morning, water the topsoil without turning white or regaining moisture, and increase the light to 16 hours every day;

(5) Seedling stage: From the emergence of 8 and 9 true leaves to transplanting, it is called the seedling stage, and Erigeron breviscapus has a complete root system;

4. Seedbed management

(1) Overturning the cover: the seedbed cover has the function of keeping warm and moisturizing and preventing the scutellaria from burning, but it will not be overturned for a long time after the seedlings are ready, which will affect the light transmission and ventilation, and affect the normal development of the scutellaria. 3 coverings;

(2) Weeding: Weeding should be done to remove early, small and diseased plants, so as to reduce the nutrient absorption of Erigeron breviscapus seedlings in the seedbed;

(3) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: before planting, spray with Baistud to prevent and control underground pests. Spray 150 to 200 units of agricultural streptomycin at the seedling stage, the application amount is 200g per seedling, and spray once every 10 days;

(4) Seedling hardening: In the late growth stage of Erigeron breviscapus, control the fertilizer and water, and apply fertilizer every 10 days. The fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the amount of application is 50g per seedling. Carried out in the first 20 days to inhibit its vigorous growth;

5. Soil preparation and transplanting of Erigeron breviscapus

(1) Soil preparation: After cultivating strong seedlings of Erigeron breviscapus, they are transplanted into the field. The field preparation includes three aspects: deep plowing, fertilization and furrowing;

(1) Deep plowing: Deep plowing should be done evenly, and organic fertilizer and base fertilizer should be applied at the same time. The organic fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the application amount is 100g per seedling, and the base fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the application amount is 200g per seedling;

(2) Moisture management: After deep plowing of the field, the soil moisture will be increased according to the soil moisture width of 1.2m, soil moisture height of 20cm, and ditch width of 20cm. Land with low terrain and poor drainage will have high soil moisture. Completed 7 days before planting;

(3) Disinfection and weeding: After removing the soil moisture, pour water on the soil moisture surface. In order to effectively prevent and control bacterial viruses, underground pests and weeds, the mass ratio of Lijunqing, multibacteria and Lishude is mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1:1. Obtain the disinfectant solution, and water it into a concentration of 50 milligrams and 1 kilogram of water at the same time. The amount of the disinfectant solution added is 100k per mu, weeding the topsoil, and transplanting after 2 days;

(2) Transplanting technology

(1) Take seedlings and transport seedlings. Water the seedbed one day before transplanting the breviscapine, and the watering amount is 400g per seedling, so that the water content of the breviscapus seedlings rises rapidly. When picking seedlings, weed out small and weak seedlings, and take good seedlings Put it directly into the transportation tool to keep the original shape of the scutellaria breviscapus, and cover the shade when the field is far away from the seedbed;

(2) Transplanting: Crush the soil moisture before transplanting Erigeron breviscapus, and mix the base fertilizer and soil well. The base fertilizer is farm manure, and the application amount is 200g per seedling. Transplant according to 10×15cm, water thoroughly after planting, and cover with shade;

Sixth, go to Lei in time

According to the measurement, the content of active ingredients of Erigeron breviscapus has two obvious characteristics: the leaves have the highest content in the plant parts, followed by the flower stems, and the roots are the least. It is 40% to 70% of the budding stage, and the output value per mu is reduced by 1000 to 1500 yuan. Therefore, in addition to saving the field for cultivation, the bud stems that grow must be cut off in time after planting to control reproductive growth, promote vegetative growth, and increase tillering. and leaf area.

About 55 days after transplanting, when the leaf output is close to the maximum, use a sharp sickle to harvest the aboveground part, so as not to damage the new growth point of the plant, to ensure that the total active ingredient content of the dried medicinal material is ≥ 5%. Astragalus ≥ 1%, at the same time, the flower buds that grow after each harvest should be cut off in time, and the content and yield cannot be reduced by letting them bloom. In production, it is determined to harvest when the leaf yield is close to the maximum 30 days after the previous harvest. Once, and so on for 4 harvests.

Example 3

The scutellaria standardized planting method, its specific steps are as follows:

1. Breeding seedlings: select strong seedlings and full seedlings in a timely manner;

2. Sowing: Sowing is divided into three stages, namely preparation, seed treatment and sowing;

(1) Preparation

(1) Each seedbed is equipped with 4500kg of fully decomposed manure, 80kg of phosphate fertilizer, 40kg of potassium sulfate, and 500kg of fresh pine hair;

(2) Seedbed area: the distance between seedlings is 10cm before seedling row in the mother bed stage, and 34,000 plants are required per mu;

(3) Land plot selection: A, sunny, flat terrain; B, loose soil, good structure, deep soil layer, high fertility; C, convenient water source, smooth drainage and irrigation; D, close to the field, easy to transport;

(4) Plot arrangement: After fully loosening the topsoil layer, ditching is carried out to control the moisture content. The moisture content is 1.8 meters wide, the soil moisture width is 1.5 meters, the ditch width is 30 cm, and the ditch depth is 25 cm. Communicate, and finally spread nutrient soil: 4500kg of fertilization per mu, 9500kg of fertile fine soil, 50kg of phosphate fertilizer, 40kg of potassium sulfate, fully mixed and then disinfected.

(2) Seed treatment, the germination rate is more than 50% as seeds sow, the seeds are sterilized by medicament, the medicament is a mixed solution of silver nitrate, copper sulfate and formalin with a mass ratio of 1:1:2, and the dosage of the medicament is 1 kg per 100 seeds, soak the sterilized seeds in warm water at 22 degrees for 9 hours, then dry them for later use;

(3) Sowing. The sowing period should correspond to the transplanting period. Sowing can be done 75 days before transplanting. The sowing method is currently mainly broadcasting. It is better to sow in the morning and evening on a sunny day with no wind. Mix the sand and soil well, spread the seedlings, cover them evenly with wet pine hair immediately after sowing, and then fully water them, the spacing between plants and rows is 15cm×20cm, and transplant 20,000 seedlings per mu;

3. Management of seedling growth period

(1) Emergence period: From sowing to when the first true leaf is unfolded from the 2 cotyledons, it is called the emergence period. During the emergence period, the seedbed should be kept moist at 5 cm, and the average temperature should be above 10°C. Water once a day to maintain the soil moisture content. The water volume is 75wt.%, and the watering time is 9:30 in the morning, so as to achieve light watering and even watering;

(2) Small cross stage: from the appearance of the first true leaf, 1, 2 true leaves and cotyledons cross to form a cross, called the small cross stage, the seedbed at the small cross stage is kept moist at 5 cm, and the average temperature is above 10°C. Water once a day, keep the soil water content at 75wt.%, watering time is 9:30 in the morning, do light watering and even watering, and change the outdoor seedling cultivation to an arched shed;

(3) Great cross period: from the 3rd true leaf to the 5th true leaf appears, 3, 4 true leaves and 1, 2 true leaves cross to form a cross, called the great cross period, water once every other day on sunny days, Apply compound fertilizer, topdressing 2 times, each 15wt.% that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the compound fertilizer, compound fertilizer watering concentration is 1wt.%, fertilization rate is every seedling 100g;

(4) Fast-growing period: when the 5th true leaf to the 7th true leaf appear, it is called the fast-growing period. In the morning, water the topsoil without turning white or regaining moisture, and increase the light to 16 hours every day;

(5) Seedling stage: From the emergence of 8 and 9 true leaves to transplanting, it is called the seedling stage, and Erigeron breviscapus has a complete root system;

4. Seedbed management

(1) Overturning the cover: the seedbed cover has the function of keeping warm and moisturizing and preventing the scutellaria from burning, but it will not be overturned for a long time after the seedlings are ready, which will affect the light transmission and ventilation, and affect the normal development of the scutellaria. 3 coverings;

(2) Weeding: Weeding should be done to remove early, small and diseased plants, so as to reduce the nutrient absorption of Erigeron breviscapus seedlings in the seedbed;

(3) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: before planting, spray with Baiste to prevent and control underground pests. Spray 150 to 200 units of agricultural streptomycin at the seedling stage, the application amount is 200g per seedling, and spray once every 8 days;

(4) Seedling hardening: In the late growth stage of Erigeron breviscapus, control the fertilizer and water, and apply fertilizer every 10 days. The fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the amount of application is 50g per seedling. Carry out the first 18 days to inhibit its vigorous growth;

5. Soil preparation and transplanting of Erigeron breviscapus

(1) Soil preparation: After cultivating strong seedlings of Erigeron breviscapus, they are transplanted into the field. The field preparation includes three aspects: deep plowing, fertilization and furrowing;

(1) Deep plowing: Deep plowing should be done evenly, and organic fertilizer and base fertilizer should be applied at the same time. The organic fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the application amount is 100g/seedling, and the base fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the application amount is 200g per seedling;

(2) Moisture management: After deep plowing of the field, the soil moisture should be started according to the soil moisture width of 1.1m, soil moisture height of 10cm, and ditch width of 20cm. Land with low terrain and poor drainage will have high soil moisture. Completed 7 days before planting;

(3) Disinfection and weeding: After removing the soil moisture, pour water on the soil moisture surface. In order to effectively prevent and control bacterial viruses, underground pests and weeds, the mass ratio of Lijunqing, multibacteria and Lishude is mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1:1. Obtain the disinfectant solution, and at the same time, add water to a concentration of 50 mg with 1 kilogram of water. The amount of disinfectant solution added is 100 kg per mu, weeding the topsoil, and transplanting after 2 days;

(2) Transplanting technology

(1) Take seedlings and transport seedlings. Water the seedbed one day before transplanting the breviscapine, and the watering amount is 400g per seedling, so that the water content of the breviscapus seedlings rises rapidly. When picking seedlings, weed out small and weak seedlings, and take good seedlings Put it directly into the transportation tool to keep the original shape of the scutellaria breviscapus, and cover the shade when the field is far away from the seedbed;

(2) Transplanting: Crush the soil moisture before transplanting Erigeron breviscapus, and mix the base fertilizer and soil well. The base fertilizer is farm manure, and the application amount is 200g per seedling. Transplant according to 10×15cm, water thoroughly after planting, and cover with shade;

Sixth, go to Lei in time

According to the measurement, the content of active ingredients in Erigeron breviscapus has two obvious characteristics: the leaves have the highest content in the plant parts, followed by the flower stems, and the roots are the least. It is 40% to 70% of the budding stage, and the output value per mu is reduced by 1000 to 1500 yuan. Therefore, in addition to saving the field for cultivation, the bud stems that grow must be cut off in time after planting to control reproductive growth, promote vegetative growth, and increase tillering. and leaf area.

About 55 days after transplanting, when the leaf output is close to the maximum, use a sharp sickle to harvest the aboveground part, so as not to damage the new growth point of the plant, to ensure that the total active ingredient content of the dry medicinal material is ≥ 5%. Astragalus ≥ 1%, at the same time, the flower buds that grow after each harvest should be cut off in time, and the content and yield cannot be reduced by letting them bloom. In production, it is determined to harvest when the leaf yield is close to the maximum 30 days after the previous harvest. Once, and so on for 3 harvests.

Example 4

The scutellaria standardized planting method, its specific steps are as follows:

1. Breeding seedlings: select strong seedlings and full seedlings in a timely manner;

2. Sowing: Sowing is divided into three stages, namely preparation, seed treatment and sowing;

(1) Preparation

(1) Each seedbed is equipped with 4500kg of fully decomposed manure, 80kg of phosphate fertilizer, 6000kg of fire soil, 50kg of compound fertilizer and 500kg of fresh pine hair;

(2) Seedbed area: the distance between seedlings is 10cm before seedling row in the mother bed stage, and 34,000 plants are required per mu;

(3) Land plot selection: A, sunny, flat terrain; B, loose soil, good structure, deep soil layer, high fertility; C, convenient water source, smooth drainage and irrigation; D, close to the field, easy to transport;

(4) Plot arrangement: After fully loosening the topsoil layer, ditching is carried out to control the moisture content. The moisture content is 1.8 meters wide, the soil moisture width is 1.5 meters, the ditch width is 30 cm, and the ditch depth is 25 cm. Communicate, and finally spread nutrient soil: 4500kg of fertilization per mu, 9500kg of fertile fine soil, 50kg of phosphate fertilizer, 40kg of potassium sulfate, fully mixed and then disinfected.

(2) Seed treatment, the germination rate is more than 50% as seeds sow, the seeds are sterilized by medicament, the medicament is a mixed solution of silver nitrate, copper sulfate and formalin with a mass ratio of 1:1:2, and the dosage of the medicament is 1 kg per 100 seeds, soak the sterilized seeds in warm water at 22 degrees for 9 hours, then dry them for later use;

(3) Sowing. The sowing period should correspond to the transplanting period. Sowing can be done 75 days before transplanting. The sowing method is currently mainly broadcasting. It is better to sow in the morning and evening on a sunny day with no wind. Mix the fine soil well, spread it, cover it evenly with wet pine hair immediately after sowing, and then fully water it, the spacing between plants and rows is 15cm×20cm, and transplant 20,000 seedlings per mu;

3. Management of seedling growth period

(1) Emergence period: From sowing to when the first true leaf is unfolded from the 2 cotyledons, it is called the emergence period. During the emergence period, the seedbed should be kept moist at 5 cm, and the average temperature should be above 10°C. Water once a day to maintain the soil moisture content. The water volume is 75wt.%, and the watering time is 9:30 in the morning, so as to achieve light watering and even watering;

(2) Small cross stage: from the appearance of the first true leaf, 1, 2 true leaves and cotyledons cross to form a cross, called the small cross stage, the seedbed at the small cross stage is kept moist at 5 cm, and the average temperature is above 10°C. Water once a day, keep the soil water content at 75wt.%, watering time is 9:30 in the morning, do light watering and even watering, and change the outdoor seedling cultivation to an arched shed;

(3) Great cross period: from the 3rd true leaf to the 5th true leaf appears, 3, 4 true leaves and 1, 2 true leaves cross to form a cross, called the great cross period, water once every other day on sunny days, Apply urea, topdress 2 times, apply 100 grams of urea per square meter of seedbed, and the concentration of urea mixed with water is below 5wt.%.

(4) Fast-growing period: when the 5th true leaf to the 7th true leaf appear, it is called the fast-growing period. In the morning, water the topsoil without turning white or regaining moisture, and increase the light to 16 hours every day;

(5) Seedling stage: From the emergence of 8 and 9 true leaves to transplanting, it is called the seedling stage, and Erigeron breviscapus has a complete root system;

4. Seedbed management

(1) Overturning the cover: the seedbed cover has the function of keeping warm and moisturizing and preventing the scutellaria from burning, but it will not be overturned for a long time after the seedlings are ready, which will affect the light transmission and ventilation, and affect the normal development of the scutellaria. 3 coverings;

(2) Weeding: Weeding should be done to remove early, small and diseased plants, so as to reduce the nutrient absorption of Erigeron breviscapus seedlings in the seedbed;

(3) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: Spray with Baistur before sowing to prevent and control underground pests. The concentration of spraying at the seedling stage is 50wt.% Zinc 500 times, and the application amount is 200g per seedling, spraying once every 8 days ;

(4) Seedling hardening: In the late growth stage of Erigeron breviscapus, control the fertilizer and water, and apply fertilizer every 10 days. The fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the amount of application is 50g per seedling. Carry out the first 18 days to inhibit its vigorous growth;

5. Soil preparation and transplanting of Erigeron breviscapus

(1) Soil preparation: After cultivating strong seedlings of Erigeron breviscapus, they are transplanted into the field. The field preparation includes three aspects: deep plowing, fertilization and furrowing;

(1) Deep plowing: Deep plowing should be done evenly, and organic fertilizer and base fertilizer should be applied at the same time. The organic fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the application amount is 100g per seedling, and the base fertilizer is farmyard manure, and the application amount is 200g per seedling;

(2) Moisture management: After deep plowing of the field, the soil moisture should be started according to the soil moisture width of 1.1m, soil moisture height of 10cm, and ditch width of 20cm. Land with low terrain and poor drainage will have high soil moisture. Completed 7 days before planting;

(3) Disinfection and weeding: After removing the soil moisture, pour water on the soil moisture surface. In order to effectively prevent and control bacterial viruses, underground pests and weeds, mix Lijunqing, multibacteria and Lishude at a mass ratio of 1.2:1.2:2.4 Obtain the disinfectant solution, and at the same time, add water to a concentration of 50 mg with 1 kilogram of water. The amount of disinfectant solution added is 100 kg per mu, weeding the topsoil, and transplanting after 2 days;

(2) Transplanting technology

(1) Take seedlings and transport seedlings. Water the seedbed one day before transplanting the breviscapine, and the watering amount is 400g per seedling, so that the water content of the breviscapus seedlings rises rapidly. When picking seedlings, weed out small and weak seedlings, and take good seedlings Put it directly into the transportation tool to keep the original shape of the scutellaria breviscapus, and cover the shade when the field is far away from the seedbed;

(2) Transplanting: Crush the soil moisture before transplanting Erigeron breviscapus, and mix the base fertilizer and soil well. The base fertilizer is farm manure, and the application amount is 200g per seedling. Transplant according to 10×15cm, water thoroughly after planting, and cover with shade;

Sixth, go to Lei in time

According to the measurement, the content of active ingredients in Erigeron breviscapus has two obvious characteristics: the leaves have the highest content in the plant parts, followed by the flower stems, and the roots are the least. It is 40% to 70% of the budding stage, and the output value per mu is reduced by 1000 to 1500 yuan. Therefore, in addition to saving the field for cultivation, the bud stems that grow must be cut off in time after planting to control reproductive growth, promote vegetative growth, and increase tillering. and leaf area.

About 55 days after transplanting, when the leaf output is close to the maximum, use a sharp sickle to harvest the aboveground part, so as not to damage the new growth point of the plant, to ensure that the total active ingredient content of the dry medicinal material is ≥ 5%. Astragalus ≥ 1%, at the same time, the flower buds that grow after each harvest should be cut off in time, and the content and yield cannot be reduced by letting them bloom. In production, it is determined to harvest when the leaf yield is close to the maximum 30 days after the previous harvest. Once, and so on for 3 harvests.

The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art .

Claims (2)

1. a fleabane flower normalized planting method, is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:

One, seed selection seed: choose strong sprout, Qi Miao in good time, sufficient number;

Two, sow: sowing is divided into three phases, is respectively preparation, seed treatment and sowing;

(1) prepare

(1) every seedling seedbed has abundant decomposed dung 4000 ~ 5000kg, phosphate fertilizer 50 ~ 100kg, potassium sulfate 25 ~ 50kg, fresh pine tag 500kg;

(2) seedbed area: female bed phase row's seedling predetermination spacing 5 ~ 13cm, every mu requires 30000 ~ 35000 strains;

(3) plot is selected: A, on the sunny side, physical features is smooth; B, the soil is porous, well-formed, and soil layer is deep, and fertility is high; C, water source are convenient, and irrigation and drainage are unobstructed; D, nearly land for growing field crops, be convenient to transport;

(4) readjustment of field plot: after topsoil is fully loose, trench digging reason moisture in the soil, ploughs the first furrow as a guideline by 1.8 meters, moisture in the soil is wide 1.5 meters, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 25cm, accomplish that moisture in the soil face is smooth, upturned soil is in small, broken bits, and ditch straight flute leads to, finally spread Nutrition Soil: mu fertilising 4000 ~ 5000kg, fertile fine earth 9000 ~ 10000kg, phosphate fertilizer 50kg, potassium sulfate 25 ~ 50KG, fully mixes rear sterilization thoroughly, after heap seals one week, tiling bed surface 43cm, takes off the tight rear sowing of flat bat;

(2) seed treatment, germination rate is more than 50% as planting seed, seed adopts pharmacy disinfection, medicament to be mass ratio be 1 ~ 1.2:1 ~ 1.2:2 ~ 2.4 silver nitrate, copper sulphate and formalin mixed liquor, seed after sterilization puts into the warm water immersion 8 ~ 10h of 20 ~ 25 degree or after cold bubbly water 48h, airing is for subsequent use;

(3) sow, sowing time is corresponding with transplanting time, transplants and can sow for first 75 days, and type of seeding mainly adopts at present and broadcasts sowing, with the calm morning and evening sowing of fine day as well, accomplish that button kind is all broadcast, seed and sandy soil or fine earth are fully mixed thoroughly, broadcasts sowing, immediately with wet pine tag uniform fold after sowing, then fully water permeable, seeding row spacing is (10 ~ 15) cm × 20cm, transplants 1.8 ~ 2.7 ten thousand seedlings for every mu;

Three, seedling breeding period administration

(1) in the seeding stage: the seeding stage requires that seedbed 5 centimeters keeps moistening, and mean temperature, more than 10 DEG C, is watered once every day, and keep soil moisture content at 70 ~ 80wt.%, watering time is 9:00 ~ 10:00 in the morning, accomplish gently to water, evenly to water;

(2) the little cross phase: seedbed 5 centimeters of little cross phase keeps moistening, and mean temperature, more than 10 DEG C, is watered once every day, keep soil moisture content at 70 ~ 80wt.%, watering time is 9:00 ~ 10:00 in the morning, and accomplish gently to water, evenly to water, outdoor nursery changes shed into;

(3) the grand cross phase: fine day watered a water every one day, apply composite fertilizer or urea, topdress 2 ~ 3 times, nitrogenous in composite fertilizer, each 15wt.% of phosphorus, potassium, it is 0.5 ~ 1wt.% that composite fertilizer is watered concentration, 100 ~ 150 grams, urea is used in every square metre of seedbed, and it is that below 5wt.% waters that urea is watered concentration;

(4) Fast-growing stage: morning, soil did not whiten, not getting damp again rewaters at table, increased light every day and was illuminated to 14h ~ 16h;

(5) seedling stage is become: fleabane flower has had complete root system;

Four, seedbed management

(1) turn over and take off covering: seedbed covering has heat and moisture preserving and avoids the effect of fleabane flower calcination, but seedling neat after do not turn over for a long time and take off, affect light transmission ventilation, affects fleabane flower normal development, seedling together after take off 1/3 covering;

(2) weeding: weeding will be accomplished except early, except little, except sick, reduce seedbed oil lamp flower seedling Nutrient Absorption;

(3) extermination of disease and insect pest: set spray with hundred before sowing, prevent and treat soil insect is 50wt.% zineb 500 times of liquid at the agricultural streptomycin of seedling spraying 150 ~ 200 unit or concentration, sprays once every 7 ~ 10 days;

(4) hardening: at fleabane flower Later growth, carries out control fertilizer, control water to it, within 15 ~ 20 days before transplanting, carries out, suppress its prosperous length;

Five, fleabane flower wholely with transplanting

(1) wholely: after fleabane flower nurturing staff, transplant land for growing field crops, land for growing field crops comprise wholely deep ploughing, fertilising and manage furrow three aspects;

(1) deep plough: deep ploughing is ploughed and wanted evenly, will apply fertilizer and base fertilizer simultaneously;

(2) manage moisture in the soil: after field deep ploughing, be that 20cm plays moisture in the soil by the wide 1 ~ 1.2m of being of moisture in the soil, the high 10 ~ 20cm of moisture in the soil, furrow width, the soil of physical features low drainage difference plays high moisture in the soil, otherwise then play low moisture in the soil, reason moisture in the soil completes in transplanting for first 7 days;

(3) sterilization and weeding: after managing moisture in the soil, water permeable to moisture in the soil face, for effectively preventing and treating bacterial virus, soil insect and crop smothering, reason clear, the many bacterium of bacterium and reason are set be mixed to get thimerosal, are watered simultaneously, carry out table earth removal grass, transplant after 2 days;

(2) transplantation technique

(1) get seedling and fortune seedling, small cup flower is transplanted and will be watered seedbed water the previous day, and the moisture of oil lamp flower seedling is raised rapidly, seedling, weak seedling is eliminated when getting seedling, the seedling got directly puts into means of transport, and keep the original shape of fleabane flower, the thing that shelters from heat or light should be covered in land for growing field crops when seedbed is far away;

(2) transplant: native moisture in the soil is first broken into pieces before transplanting by fleabane flower, and base manure and soil are fully mixed thoroughly, avoid fleabane flower to be directly planted on fertilizer and cause burning seedling, then transplant by 10 × 15cm or 10 × 20cm, water permeable, cover the thing that shelters from heat or light after cultivation;

Six, disbud in time

In transplanting latter about 55 days, output blade, close to time maximum, gathers in acrial part with sharp reaping hook, not injure the new growing point of plant for degree, guarantee total caffeic acid fat >=5% of the active constituent content of medicinal material dry product, wild baicalin >=1%, the bud simultaneously grown after each harvesting, also will cut off in time, can not let alone bloom and reduce content and output, determine 30d after previous harvesting in production, output blade gathers in once close to time maximum again, harvesting that the rest may be inferred 3 ~ 4 times.

2. fleabane flower normalized planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the preparation (1) of described step 2, potassium sulfate is replaced by adopting fire soil 6000 ~ 7000kg and composite fertilizer 50 ~ 60kg.