CN111357549A - Cultivation method of non-transgenic pawpaw - Google Patents
Cultivation method of non-transgenic pawpaw Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a non-transgenic pawpaw cultivation method, which comprises the steps of seed soaking, seedling treatment, seedling exercising, field treatment, field planting, flowering and fruiting and the like, wherein in the seedling process, broad-spectrum low-toxicity pesticide and compound fertilizer are sprayed, the broad-spectrum low-toxicity pesticide comprises 30% imidacloprid 1000 times and 40% chlorothalonil 1000 times, the compound fertilizer comprises N23-P10-K12, and the compound fertilizer is irrigated by 300 times of rooting agent; in the planting process, the following pesticides are alternately sprayed: the pesticide composition is prepared from 5% of emamectin benzoate 1000-1500 times, 5% of abamectin 5-1000 1500 times, 5% of fenpyroximate 800-1200 times, 30% of imidacloprid 500-1000 times, 1000% of thiamethoxam 1000-1500 times, 40% of chlorothalonil 500-1000 times, 25% of azoxystrobin 2000-2500 times and 400-800 times of Bordeaux mixture. The pawpaw produced by the invention has fragrant and sweet taste, fructose degree reaching 16-18%, and is glossy in appearance, rich in nutrition, good in elasticity, storage-resistant and high in yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-transgenic crop cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating non-transgenic pawpaw.
Background
The pawpaw is produced in Shandong, Shaanxi, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangdong provinces and the like, and has health care and edible effects. The proteolytic enzyme contained in the pawpaw can compensate the secretion of pancreas and intestinal tract, supplement the insufficiency of gastric juice and is helpful for decomposing protein and starch. The pawpaw contains carotene and abundant vitamin C, has strong oxidation resistance, and can help organisms repair tissues, eliminate toxic substances, enhance the immunity of the human bodies and resist virus invasion including influenza A. The effective components in fructus Chaenomelis can improve phagocytic effect.
Most of the existing pawpaw is transgenic pawpaw, and the existing pawpaw uses chemical pesticides in the cultivation process, so that the pawpaw is poor in quality, poor in taste and easy to rot.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a non-transgenic pawpaw cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, soaking seeds, which comprises the following steps:
step S11: selecting non-transgenic pawpaw seeds, soaking the non-transgenic pawpaw seeds for a preset time at a preset temperature, wrapping the pawpaw seeds with a towel, putting the pawpaw seeds into a sealed container, and performing irradiation and heating at night to keep the temperature in the sealed container at a stable value;
step S12: changing water to scrub seeds every morning, and repeating the steps for a plurality of times after drying;
step S13: until the pawpaw seeds are whitened;
step S2, seedling processing, which includes the following steps:
step S21: placing the pawpaw seeds in nutrition cups containing nutrition soil for dibbling and sowing, wherein one pawpaw seed is sowed in each nutrition cup;
step S22: spraying deep well water in an atomizing mode, and then covering the mouth of the nutrition cup with a film to keep the temperature in the nutrition cup at a preset value;
step S23: placing the nutrition cup in an environment with constant shading degree for a plurality of days, and opening the film after the pawpaw seeds expose seedlings;
step S24: the temperature in the nutrition cup is kept at a preset value by arranging a frame outside the nutrition cup and covering a film outside the frame;
step S25: when the seedlings are three leaves and one heart, the film is opened, water soluble fertilizer, compound fertilizer and broad-spectrum low-toxicity pesticide are sprayed at intervals of a preset period, and the spraying time of the three is separated, wherein the broad-spectrum low-toxicity pesticide comprises 1000 times of 30% imidacloprid and 1000 times of 40% chlorothalonil, the compound fertilizer comprises N23-P10-K12, and the three are irrigated by 300 times of rooting agent;
step S3, hardening seedlings;
step S4, processing a field;
step S5, planting, and spraying water soluble fertilizer and pesticide at intervals of a preset period, wherein the pesticide is sprayed alternately by the following substances: the pesticide composition is prepared from 5% of emamectin benzoate 1000-1500 times, 5% of abamectin 5-1000 1500 times, 5% of fenpyroximate 800-1200 times, 30% of imidacloprid 500-1000 times, 1000% of thiamethoxam 1000-1500 times, 40% of chlorothalonil 500-1000 times, 25% of azoxystrobin 2000-2500 times and 400-800 times of Bordeaux mixture;
step S6, flowering and fruiting, comprising the steps of:
step S61: removing the female melons after 2-3 months of planting, and leaving the amphoteric melons;
step S62: thinning flowers and fruits when the plants are planted for 3-4 months;
step S63: spraying animal protein fermentation liquor at intervals of a preset period when fruits are set;
step S64: spraying pawpaw promoting liquid once a month when the weight of the pawpaw is 450g-550 g;
step S65: and (6) harvesting the fruits.
In the step S21, the nutrient soil includes the following components by mass: 2-3 parts of zinc, 70-80 parts of peat soil, 5-10 parts of fine sand and 8-15 parts of laterite.
In the step S25 and the step S5, the sprayed water soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 80-90 parts of peanut cakes, 2-5 parts of zinc, 2-5 parts of brown sugar and 3-6 parts of EM microorganisms.
In step S4, when the field is treated, an organic fertilizer containing the following components in parts by mass is applied to the field: 70-80 parts of pigeon manure, 5-10 parts of peanut cake, 5-10 parts of camellia cake and 5-10 parts of EM microorganism, and the organic fertilizer and the soil are stirred and mixed evenly.
In step S63, the sprayed animal protein fermentation liquid is obtained by mixing papaya, brown sugar, EM microorganisms, and animal offal including shrimp heads and fish heads, and then fermenting and filtering.
In step S64, the sprayed papaya promoting liquid includes the following components by mass: N15-P15-K15200-250 parts, zinc 40-50 parts, magnesium 5-20 parts and boron 8-15 parts.
In the step S11, the non-transgenic pawpaw seeds are soaked in water at 45-50 ℃ for 2-4 hours, then wrapped by a towel with the humidity of 75% and placed in a sealed container, and the temperature in the sealed container is kept at 45-50 ℃ when the pawpaw seeds are irradiated and heated at night.
In the steps S22 and S24, the temperature in the nutrition cup is kept at 35-40 ℃;
in the step S23, the nutrition cup is placed in an environment with the shading degree of 75% for 7-10 days;
in the step S25, 800 times of water-soluble fertilizer, 400 times of compound fertilizer and organic pesticide are sprayed every 5-8 days.
In the step S5, the pesticide and the 800 times water-soluble fertilizer are sprayed every 5-8 days.
10. The method for cultivating non-transgenic pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S63, the animal protein fermentation liquor is sprayed once every 5 to 8 days.
According to the cultivation method of the non-transgenic pawpaw, provided by the invention, the non-transgenic pawpaw seeds are selected, and the steps of seed soaking, seedling treatment, seedling training, field treatment, ridging, field planting, flowering and fruiting, insect prevention management and the like are controlled, so that the produced pawpaw is fragrant and sweet in taste, the fructose degree reaches 16-18%, and the pawpaw is rich in luster, rich in nutrition, good in elasticity, storage-resistant and high in yield.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the technical solution and the advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description will be provided for the technical solution and the advantages thereof.
Aiming at the defects of the existing pawpaw in the planting process, the non-transgenic pawpaw cultivation method provided by the invention has the following detailed cultivation process:
1. seed soaking
a. Selecting non-transgenic pawpaw seeds, soaking the pawpaw seeds for 2-4 hours at the water temperature of 45-50 ℃, wrapping the pawpaw seeds with a towel with the humidity of 75%, placing the pawpaw seeds into a sealed container, arranging a bulb above the sealed container, carrying out irradiation and temperature increase at night by using the bulb, and keeping the temperature in the sealed container at 45-50 ℃;
b. changing water to scrub seeds in the morning, air drying, soaking again, and repeating the seed soaking process for 2-3 times;
c. and 5-8 days, wherein the pawpaw seeds are exposed to white.
2. Treatment of seedlings
a. After the seeds are exposed to the white, putting the seeds into nutrient cups containing nutrient soil for dibbling and sowing, and sowing one pawpaw seed in each nutrient cup; the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of zinc, 70-80 parts of peat soil, 5-10 parts of fine sand and 8-15 parts of laterite;
b. after sowing, spraying deep well water in an atomizing mode, and then covering the mouth of the nutrition cup with a film to enable the temperature in the nutrition cup to reach 35-40 ℃;
c. placing the nutrition cup in an environment with shading degree of 75% for 7-10 days, and opening the film after seedling emergence;
d. arranging an arch frame with the height of 50cm at the outer side of each row of the nutrition cups, covering a thin film on the top of the arch frame, and keeping the temperature in the nutrition cups at 35-40 ℃; the arch frame is made of iron wires or bamboos;
e. opening the film when the seedlings are three leaves and one heart for 8-10 days, spraying 800 times of water-soluble fertilizer and 400 times of compound fertilizer every 5-8 days, spraying the broad-spectrum low-toxicity pesticide for sterilization every 5-8 days, and staggering the time for spraying the water-soluble fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the broad-spectrum low-toxicity pesticide; the water-soluble fertilizer is obtained by fermenting and filtering the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of peanut cakes, 2-5 parts of zinc, 2-5 parts of brown sugar and 3-6 parts of EM microorganisms; the organic pesticide comprises 1000 times of 30% imidacloprid and 1000 times of 40% chlorothalonil, the compound fertilizer comprises N23-P10-K12, the compound fertilizer is irrigated by 300 times of rooting agent, and N23-P10-K12 is a mixed rooting agent sold in the market and irrigated for use after being diluted by 300 times.
3. Seedling exercising: training seedlings before field planting;
4. treatment of fields
a. Selecting new land which is far away from factories, highways and mines and has no pesticide and fertilizer residues;
b. ditching, wherein the row spacing is 3-3.5 m, the planting spacing is 1-1.5 m, and double rows are adopted;
c. spreading two tons of organic fertilizer in each mu of the ditch, uniformly turning over the organic fertilizer and the soil by using a field-digging machine, and turning over the soil once by using the organic fertilizer for four months; the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of pigeon manure, 5-10 parts of peanut cake, 5-10 parts of camellia cake and 5-10 parts of EM microorganism;
d. ridging, wherein the width is 1.2 meters, the height is 30cm, and mulching films are covered.
5. Planting
a. Planting according to the plant spacing of 1.5 m, watering root fixing water after planting, and spraying 800 times of water soluble fertilizer after 5-8 days, wherein the water soluble fertilizer is obtained by fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of peanut cakes, 2-5 parts of zinc, 2-5 parts of brown sugar and 3-6 parts of EM microorganisms;
b. after planting, deep well water is poured every day, and water soluble fertilizer is sprayed once every 5 to 8 days;
c. in the planting process, a pest sticking plate is hung on each seedling frame, the pest sticking plates comprise yellow pest sticking plates and blue pest sticking plates, and the color of the pest sticking plates of adjacent seedlings is different;
d. when the seedlings grow to 30cm, pressing the seedlings, and controlling the soil length of the seedlings;
e. spraying a pesticide every 5-8 days in the planting process, wherein the pesticide comprises the following components: 1500 times of 5 percent of emamectin benzoate, 1500 times of 5 percent of abamectin benzoate, 1200 times of 5 percent of fenpyroximate, 1200 times of 30 percent of imidacloprid, 1000 times of thiamethoxam, 1000 percent of chlorothalonil, 1000 times of 500 materials, 2500 times of azoxystrobin and 400 times of Bordeaux mixture are alternately sprayed; the percentage is the component content proportion of the corresponding pesticide, usually the conventional proportion of the market, the multiple represents the dilution multiple, when the pesticide is sprayed in an alternative mode, the pesticide and the bactericide are used in a combined mode, the same pesticide can not be used continuously, a plurality of bactericidal and insecticidal pesticides need to be used in an alternative mode, so that the pesticide resistance is avoided, the specific alternative spraying mode and the alternative combination mode can be adjusted adaptively by technicians in the field according to the actual growth condition and the needs of crops, and the invention is not limited.
6. Blossom and bear fruit
a. After 2-3 months of planting, flowering the pawpaw tree, removing the female melons and leaving the amphoteric melons;
b. planting for 3-4 months to carry out flower thinning and fruit thinning;
c. when fruit setting is carried out, spraying animal protein fermentation liquor once every 5-8 days, wherein the animal protein fermentation liquor is obtained by mixing pawpaw, brown sugar, EM microorganisms and animal offal materials, fermenting and filtering, and the animal offal materials comprise shrimp heads and fish heads;
d. when the weight of the pawpaw is 450-550g, pawpaw promoting liquid is sprayed once every month, and the pawpaw promoting liquid used by each pawpaw comprises the following components in parts by weight: N15-P15-K15200-250 g, Zn40-50g, Mg5-20g and B8-15 g;
e. and harvesting fruits after 6-8 months of planting.
7. Insect control management
In the planting process, fresh milk is sprayed on the papaya leaves to protect the mites, and the fresh milk is diluted by 30-60 times.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. through seed soaking treatment, the germination rate of the pawpaw seeds is improved.
2. The preparation of the components of the water soluble fertilizer (fermentation liquor) is beneficial to the growth of the pawpaw.
3. Through comprehensive control of the steps of seedling treatment, seedling exercising, field treatment, ridging, field planting, flowering and fruiting, insect prevention management and the like, the produced pawpaw is fragrant and sweet in taste, the fructose degree reaches 16-18% (the fructose degree in the prior art is less than 13%), and the pawpaw is rich in luster in appearance, rich in nutrition, good in elasticity and storage-resistant (the existing pawpaw can be stored for only 1 week at normal temperature, but the pawpaw cultivated by the method provided by the application can be stored for 2 weeks) and high in yield.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating non-transgenic pawpaw is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, soaking seeds, which comprises the following steps:
step S11: selecting non-transgenic pawpaw seeds, soaking the non-transgenic pawpaw seeds for a preset time at a preset temperature, wrapping the pawpaw seeds with a towel, putting the pawpaw seeds into a sealed container, and performing irradiation and heating at night to keep the temperature in the sealed container at a stable value;
step S12: changing water to scrub seeds every morning, and repeating the steps for a plurality of times after drying;
step S13: until the pawpaw seeds are whitened;
step S2, seedling processing, which includes the following steps:
step S21: placing the pawpaw seeds in nutrition cups containing nutrition soil for dibbling and sowing, wherein one pawpaw seed is sowed in each nutrition cup;
step S22: spraying deep well water in an atomizing mode, and then covering the mouth of the nutrition cup with a film to keep the temperature in the nutrition cup at a preset value;
step S23: placing the nutrition cup in an environment with constant shading degree for a plurality of days, and opening the film after the pawpaw seeds expose seedlings;
step S24: the temperature in the nutrition cup is kept at a preset value by arranging a frame outside the nutrition cup and covering a film outside the frame;
step S25: when the seedlings are three leaves and one heart, the film is opened, water soluble fertilizer, compound fertilizer and broad-spectrum low-toxicity pesticide are sprayed at intervals of a preset period, and the spraying time of the three is separated, wherein the broad-spectrum low-toxicity pesticide comprises 1000 times of 30% imidacloprid and 1000 times of 40% chlorothalonil, the compound fertilizer comprises N23-P10-K12, and the three are irrigated by 300 times of rooting agent;
step S3, hardening seedlings;
step S4, processing a field;
step S5, planting, and spraying water soluble fertilizer and pesticide at intervals of a preset period, wherein the pesticide is sprayed alternately by the following substances: the pesticide composition is prepared from 5% of emamectin benzoate 1000-1500 times, 5% of abamectin 5-1000 1500 times, 5% of fenpyroximate 800-1200 times, 30% of imidacloprid 500-1000 times, 1000% of thiamethoxam 1000-1500 times, 40% of chlorothalonil 500-1000 times, 25% of azoxystrobin 2000-2500 times and 400-800 times of Bordeaux mixture;
step S6, flowering and fruiting, comprising the steps of:
step S61: removing the female melons after 2-3 months of planting, and leaving the amphoteric melons;
step S62: thinning flowers and fruits when the plants are planted for 3-4 months;
step S63: spraying animal protein fermentation liquor at intervals of a preset period when fruits are set;
step S64: spraying pawpaw promoting liquid once a month when the weight of the pawpaw is 450g-550 g;
step S65: and (6) harvesting the fruits.
2. The method for cultivating non-transgenic pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S21, the nutrient soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2-3 parts of zinc, 70-80 parts of peat soil, 5-10 parts of fine sand and 8-15 parts of laterite.
3. The method for cultivating non-transgenic pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S25 and the step S5, the sprayed water soluble fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 80-90 parts of peanut cakes, 2-5 parts of zinc, 2-5 parts of brown sugar and 3-6 parts of EM microorganisms.
4. The method for cultivating non-transgenic pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S4, when a field is treated, an organic fertilizer containing the following components in parts by mass is applied to the field: 70-80 parts of pigeon manure, 5-10 parts of peanut cake, 5-10 parts of camellia cake and 5-10 parts of EM microorganism, and the organic fertilizer and the soil are stirred and mixed evenly.
5. The method for cultivating non-transgenic pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S63, the sprayed animal protein fermentation liquid is obtained by mixing papaya, brown sugar, EM microorganisms, and animal offal including shrimp heads and fish heads, and then fermenting and filtering.
6. The method for cultivating non-transgenic pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S64, the sprayed papaya promoting liquid includes the following components by mass: N15-P15-K15200-250 parts, zinc 40-50 parts, magnesium 5-20 parts and boron 8-15 parts.
7. The method for cultivating non-transgenic pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S11, the non-transgenic pawpaw seeds are soaked for 2-4 hours at the water temperature of 45-50 ℃, then wrapped by a towel with the humidity of 75% and placed in a sealed container, and the temperature in the sealed container is kept at 45-50 ℃ when the irradiation is carried out at night for heating.
8. The method for cultivating non-transgenic pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S22 and the step S24, the temperature in the nutrition cup is kept at 35-40 ℃;
in the step S23, the nutrition cup is placed in an environment with the shading degree of 75% for 7-10 days;
in the step S25, 800 times of water-soluble fertilizer, 400 times of compound fertilizer and organic pesticide are sprayed every 5-8 days.
9. The method for cultivating non-transgenic pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S5, the pesticide and the 800 times water-soluble fertilizer are sprayed every 5 to 8 days.
10. The method for cultivating non-transgenic pawpaw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S63, the animal protein fermentation liquor is sprayed once every 5 to 8 days.
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